Isoforms actins. Medical search. Frequent questions

The unusual stability and direct nature of this physical interaction indicate that actin filaments represent a new class of PKC-binding protein. (rupress.org)
Actin is a family of globular multi-functional proteins that form microfilaments in the cytoskeleton, and the thin filaments in muscle fibrils. (wikipedia.org)
An actin protein is the monomeric subunit of two types of filaments in cells: microfilaments, one of the three major components of the cytoskeleton, and thin filaments, part of the contractile apparatus in muscle cells. (wikipedia.org)
It is believed that the diverse range of structures formed by actin enabling it to fulfill such a large range of functions is regulated through the binding of tropomyosin along the filaments. (wikipedia.org)
Actin homologs from prokaryotes and archaea polymerize into different helical or linear filaments consisting of one or multiple strands. (wikipedia.org)
The multifaceted role of actin relies on a few of the microfilaments' properties: First, the formation of actin filaments is reversible, and their function often involves undergoing rapid polymerization and depolymerization. (wikipedia.org)
Third, actin filaments can bind to many other proteins, which together help modify and organize microfilaments for their diverse functions. (wikipedia.org)
In most cells actin filaments form larger-scale networks which are essential for many key functions: Actin networks give mechanical support to cells and provide trafficking routes through the cytoplasm to aid signal transduction. (wikipedia.org)
Growth-cone collapse induced by ephrin-As, a family of repulsive axon guidance molecules, is impaired upon R62D expression, resulting in perseverance of ring-shaped F-actin filaments. (jneurosci.org)
A requirement for actin filaments (F-actin) in mediating axon retraction has long been established ( Solomon and Magendantz, 1981 ). (biologists.com)
CryoEM reveals that themuscular BIN1 isoform does not bind to single actin filaments, althoughBIN1 can be co-sedimented with actin after polymerization of actin. (kth.se)
Thisimplies that BIN1 rather bundles actin than decorates single filaments.Third, we explored a strategy to purify an aggregation prone BAR protein.Aggregation is a property common in Peripheral Membrane Proteins. (kth.se)
Actin filaments interact with myosin to assist in muscle contraction as well as aiding in cell motility and cytokinesis. (thermofisher.com)
In this study, we have shown that it is possible to disrupt specific actin filament populations by targeting isoforms of tropomyosin, a core component of actin filaments, that are selectively upregulated in cancers. (edu.au)
BACKGROUND: Myosins are motors that use energy supplied by ATP to travel along actin filaments. (embl.de)
In human platelets, Rap2 was shown to interact with the cytoskeleton by binding the actin filaments. (nih.gov)
We have shown that T65D mutation drastically decreased the sliding velocity of thin filaments in an in vitro motility assay and strongly increased the duration of actin-myosin interaction in optical trap experiments. (bvsalud.org)

The beta and gamma actins coexist in most cell types as components of the cytoskeleton, and as mediators of internal cell motility. (wikipedia.org)
For example, shank proteins are located further away from the membrane in the cytosolic faces of the PSDs, facing the actin cytoskeleton. (frontiersin.org)
I suggest that in the context of semaphorin 3A signaling, RhoA-kinase serves as a switch to change the function of the F-actin cytoskeleton from promoting protrusive activity to generating contractile forces. (biologists.com)
Calponin is an actin filament-associated regulatory protein that can inhibit the activity of myosin- ATPase and stabilize the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton. (ijpsonline.com)
Actin exists as a ubiquitous protein involved with filament formation that make up large portions of the cytoskeleton. (thermofisher.com)
We estimated binding affinities in the micro-molar range for the dominant reactions of the CaMKII isoforms with the post-synaptic membrane and the actin cytoskeleton. (warwick.ac.uk)
The actin cytoskeleton is a potentially vulnerable property of cancer cells, yet chemotherapeutic targeting attempts have been hampered by unacceptable toxicity. (edu.au)
A novel class of anti-tropomyosin compounds has been developed that preferentially disrupts the actin cytoskeleton of tumor cells, impairing both tumor cell motility and viability. (edu.au)
They are sites of convergence between the actin cytoskeleton and ECM fibrils. (cellmigration.org)
His team discovered a mechanism by which the zeta isoform of DGK stimulates the activity of a phosphate kinase and ultimately helps regulate actin polymerization, which is important in cytoskeleton remodeling. (asbmb.org)
Both isoform 3 of the human mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAP4K4) and Traf2- and Nck-interacting kinase (TNIK) are putative effectors of Rap2 in mediating the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to regulate the actin cytoskeleton. (nih.gov)

The evolutionary origin of actin can be traced to prokaryotic cells, which have equivalent proteins. (wikipedia.org)
A large number of illnesses and diseases are caused by mutations in alleles of the genes that regulate the production of actin or of its associated proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Actb , Acta1 ) and actin-binding proteins (e.g. (jneurosci.org)
Myosin binding protein C interacts with other muscle proteins, including myosin, actin, and titin. (medlineplus.gov)
We were concerned that everybody is using rabbit muscle actin because we knew that yeast proteins didn't interact with muscle actin well. (upstate.edu)
A lot of different labs study the regulators of processes that use actin, so now we can more carefully analyze how those proteins work. (upstate.edu)
Now, researchers can analyze how specific proteins interact with different actin isoforms in a more controlled and precise manner. (upstate.edu)
Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) proteins are peripheralmembrane proteins (PMP) and play an important role in sculpturingmembranes and in the regulation of actin dynamics. (kth.se)
Calponin is a group of actin filament-associated regulatory proteins. (ijpsonline.com)
Smooth Muscle Actin belongs to the actin family of proteins, which are highly conserved proteins that play a role in cell motility, structure and integrity. (thermofisher.com)
Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells. (ptglab.com)
The ACTC1 gene encodes cardiac muscle alpha-actin, the predominant actin isoform in adult heart, which interacts with a variety of proteins to produce the force for muscle contraction. (ptglab.com)
Podosomes are structurally divided into a core, which mainly contains proteins involved in actin polymerization (such as WASP, the Arp2/3 complex and cortactin ), and a surrounding ring populated by integrin receptors and adhesion proteins (for example, paxillin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK/Pyk2) ) [15] . (cellmigration.org)
The affinity to various divalent cations depends on certain proteins or their isoforms and can alter with amino acid substitution and post-translational modification. (bvsalud.org)

Skeletal actin mRNA increases in the human heart during ontogenic development and is the major isoform of control and failing adult hearts. (jci.org)
In this report, we investigated the isoactin mRNA composition in ventricles from 21 control patients (4 fetal, 5 juvenile, 12 adult) and from 15 patients undergoing cardiac transplantation (5 idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathies, 5 ischemic myopathies with myocardial infarcts, 5 diverse etiologies) by two different and complementary techniques: RNA dot blot analysis with specific cDNA probes, and primer extensions with an oligonucleotide common to alpha-cardiac and alpha-skeletal actins. (jci.org)
In the case of dot blot analysis, quantification of each isoform was performed by using as standards RNA transcripts obtained from cloned human alpha-actin sequences, and the total amount of sarcomeric actin mRNA was evaluated as a function of total poly(A+)RNA. (jci.org)
beta-actin mRNA is localized to the leading lamellae and alpha-actin mRNA is associated with a perinuclear compartment. (umassmed.edu)
To address the mechanism of isoform-specific mRNA localization, molecular chimeras were constructed by insertion of actin sequences between the Lac Z coding region and SV-40 3'UTR in a reporter plasmid. (umassmed.edu)
We propose that the mechanism of mRNA localization facilitates actin isoform sorting in the cytoplasm. (umassmed.edu)
Exposure of isolated human adipocytes to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) produced a marked and specific decrease in the mRNA encoding the SREBP1c isoform and completely blocked the insulin-induced cleavage of SREBP1 protein. (diabetesjournals.org)

ARP3 Actin-Related Protein 3, also known as ACTR3, belongs to the actin family. (neuromics.com)

Alpha, beta and gamma actin isoforms have been identified, with alpha actin being a major constituent of the contractile apparatus, while beta and gamma actins are involved in the regulation of cell motility. (thermofisher.com)

This proof-of-principle study shows that it is possible to target specific actin filament populations fundamental to tumor cell viability based on their tropomyosin isoform composition. (edu.au)
The structure of myosin is known, but the actin-binding site is not well defined, and the mechanisms by which actin activates ATP hydrolysis by myosin, and myosin moves relative to the actin filament, developing force, are not fully understood. (embl.de)

Expression of the two sarcomeric actins, alpha-skeletal and alpha-cardiac, is regulated in the rodent heart in response to developmental, hormonal, and hemodynamic stimuli. (jci.org)
These observations demonstrate that cardiac development in man, in contrast to rodent heart, is characterized by an up-regulation of the skeletal actin gene, the expression of which does not change in hypertrophied and failing hearts, and suggest that the actin and myosin heavy chain families are independently regulated in human heart. (jci.org)
Newly developed antibodies against alpha-skeletal and alpha-cardiac actins have allowed the detection of subpopulations of alpha-skeletal positive cardiomyocytes in adult, hypertrophic, and failing heart. (unige.ch)
The version produced from the MYBPC1 gene, which is known as the slow skeletal isoform, is found primarily in skeletal muscles. (medlineplus.gov)
The slow isoform of myosin binding protein C is active during the development of skeletal muscles. (medlineplus.gov)
In particular, smooth muscle actin is an alpha actin that is found in skeletal muscle. (thermofisher.com)
Also, the results show that phosphorylation of LC1 of skeletal myosin could be one more mechanism of regulation of actin-myosin interaction that needs further investigation. (bvsalud.org)

In this study, we identify a previously uncharacterised isoform of microtubule-associated protein MAP4, oMAP4, as a microtubule organising factor that is crucial for myogenesis. (elifesciences.org)

Here we analyzed neuronal actin signaling by a novel approach using actin mutant isoforms known to favor or preclude actin polymerization. (jneurosci.org)
Conversely, RhoA-kinase activity was required to shut down F-actin polymerization underlying protrusive activity. (biologists.com)
These adhesions generate signals that activate Rac, promoting actin polymerization and preventing myosin II engagement in the lamellipodium. (cellmigration.org)

Mutations in the different genes that regulate actin production in humans can cause muscular diseases, variations in the size and function of the heart as well as deafness. (wikipedia.org)
Whether the differential expression of actin isoforms in human diseases is functionally relevant is not yet fully established, although studies on human actin mutations, actin null mice, and the N-terminal end of alpha-smooth muscle actin support this possibility. (unige.ch)
This phenotype co-segregates with either of two frameshift mutations, 1988delAGAG and 2469delGTCA, in ESPN , which encodes a calcium-insensitive actin-bundling protein called espin. (bmj.com)
The T65D and T65D/S193D mutations increased actin-activated ATPase activity of S1 and decreased ADP affinity for the actin-S1 complex. (bvsalud.org)

3 transcript variants encoding 2 different isoforms have been discovered for ACTR3. (neuromics.com)
Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. (cancerindex.org)

Multiple alternatively spliced variants of smooth muscle actin have been identified. (thermofisher.com)

Gsn ) and is the archetypical transcription factor to study actin interplay with transcription. (jneurosci.org)
When scientists study actin, the default has been actin synthesized from muscle cells. (upstate.edu)

Rho activation is thought to generate focal adhesions and actin bundling due to increased myosin II activity. (cellmigration.org)

Myosin II interacts with F-actin to generate contractile forces that result in axon retraction. (biologists.com)

We demonstrate that in differentiating myoblasts, the mRNAs encoding two actin isoforms, beta-cytoplasmic, and alpha-cardiac, can occupy different cytoplasmic compartments within the same cytoplasm. (umassmed.edu)

Cancer type-specific alterations in actin genes : worth a closer look? (ugent.be)
El objetivo de nuestro estudio tuvo como objetivo revisar y correlacionar genes involucrados en TEA y aque- llos relacionados con la comunicación ultrasónica en estudios con modelos animales de comportamiento social basado en el lenguaje en la base de datos PubMed. (bvsalud.org)

Moreover, R62D NLS decreases neuronal motility similar to the cytoplasmic R62D actin mutant although R62D NLS has no access to cytoplasmic actin dynamics. (jneurosci.org)
Thus, herein we provide first evidence that neuronal motility not only depends on cytoplasmic actin dynamics but also on the availability of actin to modulate nuclear functions such as gene transcription. (jneurosci.org)
In addition to regulation of cytoplasmic cytoskeletal dynamics, a little appreciated property of actin signaling is modulation of gene expression so far only reported for non-neuronal cells. (jneurosci.org)

In addition to regulating cytoskeletal dynamics in the cytoplasm, actin modulates nuclear gene expression. (jneurosci.org)
and consequently membrane deformation.Second, we clarified BIN1's role in actin dynamics. (kth.se)

Identification and localization of an actin-binding motif that is unique to the epsilon isoform of protein kinase C and participates in the regulation of synaptic function. (rupress.org)

Actin participates in many important cellular processes, including muscle contraction, cell motility, cell division and cytokinesis, vesicle and organelle movement, cell signaling, and the establishment and maintenance of cell junctions and cell shape. (wikipedia.org)
Neuronal motility relies on actin treadmilling. (jneurosci.org)
We present a hitherto unappreciated cross talk of actin signaling with gene expression governing neuronal motility. (jneurosci.org)
We show that neuronal motility evoked by these actin mutants requires SRF activity. (jneurosci.org)
Employing these actin mutants, we uncovered a function for actin signaling in growth-cone motility modulated by ephrin-A guidance cues. (jneurosci.org)
In addition, this complex is located at the cell surface and vital to cell shape & motility through lamellipodial actin assembly and protrusion. (neuromics.com)

The actin protein is found in both the cytoplasm and the cell nucleus. (wikipedia.org)

Individual isoforms of the protein kinase C (PKC) family of kinases may have assumed distinct responsibilities for the control of complex and diverse cellular functions. (rupress.org)
The binding of PKC epsilon to actin required that the kinase be activated, presumably to expose a cryptic binding site that we have identified and shown to be located between the first and second cysteine-rich regions within the regulatory domain of only this individual isoform of PKC. (rupress.org)
Formation of axonal F-actin bundles was independent of myosin II, but partially required RhoA-kinase activity. (biologists.com)

Modulation of actin isoform expression is a well-established feature of developmental phenomena. (unige.ch)

In contrast, sequences from the 5'UTR through the coding region of either actin gene did not localize the blue product. (umassmed.edu)
Therefore, 3'UTR sequences play a key role in modulating the distribution of actin mRNAs in muscle cells. (umassmed.edu)
Actin isoforms differ slightly in their N-terminus and the sequences of each are perfectly conserved in higher vertebrates. (thermofisher.com)

Conversely, actin signaling regulates neuronal SRF-mediated gene expression. (jneurosci.org)
Notably, a nucleus-resident actin (R62D NLS ) also regulates SRF's transcriptional activity. (jneurosci.org)

beta-actin peripheral and alpha-actin perinuclear. (umassmed.edu)

Actin is extremely abundant in most cells, comprising 1-5% of the total protein mass of most cells, and 10% of muscle cells. (wikipedia.org)
Alpha-smooth muscle actin is abundant in vascular and visceral smooth muscle cells. (thermofisher.com)
Transcript levels of SREBP1c, the most abundant isoform in adipose tissue, were significantly decreased in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese normoglycemic and type 2 diabetic subjects compared with that of nonobese normoglycemic control subjects. (diabetesjournals.org)

To explore the possible pathological significance of calponin in ESCC, in this study, we first examined the expression of calponin isoforms in the tumor tissue of ESCC patients and further explored their association with the disease. (ijpsonline.com)

The following product was used in this experiment: smooth muscle actin Monoclonal Antibody (1E9A11) from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # 67735-1-IG. (thermofisher.com)

The mobility of green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions with native and mutant constructs of the major neuronal CaMKII isoforms has been measured in single dendritic spines by photo-bleaching and photo-activation protocols. (warwick.ac.uk)
Con respecto a los modelos animales en TEA, muchos estudios se centran en la expresión génica, la migración y maduración neuronal cortical y los déficits de la red neuronal, pero muy pocos son los estudios que relacionen directamente la comunicación oral animal y la expresión génica en áreas corticales del lenguaje. (bvsalud.org)

It can be present as either a free monomer called G-actin (globular) or as part of a linear polymer microfilament called F-actin (filamentous), both of which are essential for such important cellular functions as the mobility and contraction of cells during cell division. (wikipedia.org)
Many of these processes are mediated by extensive and intimate interactions of actin with cellular membranes. (wikipedia.org)
Actin therefore contributes to processes such as the intracellular transport of vesicles and organelles as well as muscular contraction and cellular migration. (wikipedia.org)
Actin, a crucial protein involved in various cellular functions, has predominantly been studied using actin synthesized from muscle cells. (upstate.edu)
Understanding the potential variations in actin behavior is essential for unraveling cellular processes and diseases. (upstate.edu)

Muscle contraction consists of a cyclical interaction between myosin and actin. (embl.de)

Its location is regulated by cell membrane signal transduction pathways that integrate the stimuli that a cell receives stimulating the restructuring of the actin networks in response. (wikipedia.org)
The protein encoded by this gene, together with spectrin and actin, constitute the red cell membrane cytoskeletal network. (cancerindex.org)

Lastly, actin plays an important role in the control of gene expression. (wikipedia.org)

In this study, we show that an isoform specific interaction between PKC epsilon and filamentous actin may serve as a necessary prelude to the enhancement of glutamate exocytosis from nerve terminals. (rupress.org)
The actin mutants G15S and S14C favor F-actin assembly, yet differ with regard to their ABP interaction. (jneurosci.org)

Using a combination of cosedimentation, overlay, and direct binding assays, we demonstrate that filamentous actin is a principal anchoring protein for PKC epsilon within intact nerve endings. (rupress.org)

Their formation and stability are linked to the dendritic actin that forms [5] , [6] . (cellmigration.org)

Furthermore, semaphorin 3A promotes the formation of intra-axonal F-actin bundles in concert with the loss of F-actin in growth cone lamellipodia and filopodia. (biologists.com)
Collectively, these observations suggest that guidance cues cause axon retraction through the coordinated activation of myosin II and the formation of intra-axonal F-actin bundles for myosin-II-based force generation. (biologists.com)

We show that oMAP4 is expressed upon muscle cell differentiation and is the only MAP4 isoform essential for normal progression of the myogenic differentiation programme. (elifesciences.org)

G15S actin enhanced neurite outgrowth and filopodia number. (jneurosci.org)

Overexpressing these mutant actins in mouse hippocampal neurons not only modulated growth-cone function but also neurite elongation, which was ambiguous by traditional pharmacological interference. (jneurosci.org)
Moreover these actin mutants affect neurite elongation, an actin function which by pharmacological actin interference was ambiguous. (jneurosci.org)
The elongation occurs along a template of bundled actin [7] . (cellmigration.org)

alpha-Smooth muscle actin has proven to be a reliable marker for identifying (a) vascular smooth muscle cells during vascular development and vascular diseases, and (b) myofibroblasts during wound healing, fibrocontractive diseases, and stromal reaction to epithelial tumours. (unige.ch)

The hallmark of a differentiated myofibroblast relies on the acquisition of an organized contractile apparatus characterized by alpha-smooth muscle actin-expressing stress fibres. (unige.ch)

In cells, F-actin assumes specific types of organization depending on its functions. (biologists.com)

In addition, it has also been shown that smooth muscle actin appear in stress fibers of fibroblastic cells during pathological situations involving contractile phenomena such as wound healing and fibrocontractive diseases. (thermofisher.com)

SRF controls gene transcription of various actin isoforms (e.g. (jneurosci.org)
However, mechanistic details are lacking, and recent studies have implicated ALMS1 in several processes including endosomal trafficking, actin organisation, maintenance of centrosome cohesion and transcription. (springer.com)

In humans, two isoforms of B7-H3 have been reported, 2IgB7-H3 (2Ig) and 4IgB7-H3 (4Ig) 8 . (nature.com)

Anatomy38

Organisms17

Chemicals and Drugs113

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Phenomena and Processes54

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science6

Filaments17

Cytoskeleton11

Proteins14

MRNA7

Belongs to the actin family1

Gamma actins1

Filament2

Skeletal7

Microtubule-associa1

Polymerization3

Mutations4

Different isoforms2

Variants1

Study actin2

Myosin II activity1

Interacts1

Alpha-cardiac1

Genes2

Cytoplasmic3

Dynamics2

Regulation1

Motility6

Cytoplasm1

Kinase3

Modulation1

Sequences3

Regulates2

Perinuclear1

Abundant3

Tumor1

Antibody1

Neuronal2

Cellular5

Contraction1

Membrane2

Gene expression1

Interaction2

Filamentous1

Dendritic1

Axonal2

Myogenic1

Filopodia1

Elongation3

Vascular1

Relies1

Organization1

Pathological1

Transcription2

Humans1