• Boardman NT, Pedersen TM, Rossvoll L, Hafstad AD, Aasum E (2020) Diet-induced obese mouse hearts tolerate an acute high fatty acid exposure that also increases ischemic tolerance. (bioblast.at)
  • An ischemic insult is accompanied by an acute increase in circulating fatty acid (FA), which can induce adverse changes related to cardiac metabolism/energetics. (bioblast.at)
  • Although chronic hyperlipidemia contributes to the pathogenesis of obesity/diabetes-related cardiomyopathy, it unclear how these hearts are affected by an acute high FA-load. (bioblast.at)
  • We hypothesize that adaptation to chronic FA exposure enhances the obese hearts' ability to handle an acute high FA-load. (bioblast.at)
  • Thus, this study demonstrates that acute FA-load affects normal and obese hearts differently, and that chronically elevated circulating FA levels render the DIO heart less vulnerable to the disadvantageous effects of an acute FA-load. (bioblast.at)
  • Although the frequency of acute heart failure due to myocardial ischemia after an acetazolamide challenge may be low, its occurrence in patients with severe arteriosclerotic disease should be routinely considered. (journalmc.org)
  • Until now there have been a few reports of serious adverse reactions after acetazolamide challenge, and here we report our experience of a case of acute heart failure that occurred after cerebrovascular SPECT with intravenous administration of acetazolamide and required many life-saving treatments. (journalmc.org)
  • Although intravenous (IV) morphine is the usual drug of choice, other injectable narcotics may be used in acute-phase/recurrent chest pain unrelieved by nitroglycerin to reduce severe pain, provide sedation, and decrease myocardial workload. (surenapps.com)
  • Acute treatment with troglitazone increases susceptibility to ventricular fibrillation during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Insulin, glucose and potassium (GIK) are touted as useful metabolic adjuvant, associated with improvement of cardiac function in acute myocardial function, but the general acceptance of this therapeutic approach is limited by requirements for concomitant infusion of glucose and concerns regarding hypoglycemia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This chest radiograph shows an enlarged cardiac silhouette and edema at the lung bases, signs of acute heart failure. (medscape.com)
  • Through the network analysis, reduction of cardiac preload and myocardial contractility was shown to be the major effect of Schisandra components, which was further experimentally validated. (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition, the expression of NCOR2 and NFAT in myocyte were experimentally confirmed to be associated with Schisandra in the treatment of AMI, which may be responsible for the preservation effect of myocardial contractility. (frontiersin.org)
  • The cardiovascular effects of general anesthesia include changes in the arterial and central venous pressures, cardiac output, and varying heart rhythms, which occur by the following mechanisms: decreased systemic vascular resistance, decreased myocardial contractility, decreased stroke volume, and increased myocardial irritability. (medscape.com)
  • The heart may compensate for this reduction in CPP by increasing contractility and subsequent aortic pressure. (wikipedia.org)
  • beta-blockers may be contraindicated if myocardial contractility is severely impaired, because negative inotropic properties can further reduce contractility. (surenapps.com)
  • Trimetazidine can stimulate the metabolism of cardiomyocytes and brain neuronal cells , thereby stabilizing oxygen consumption and myocardial contractility. (cosmicnootropic.com)
  • To determine the mechanism(s) responsible for decreased coronary flow after global cardiac ischemia and reperfusion, we studied 40 isolated rabbit hearts before and after 30 minutes of normothermic ischemic arrest and reperfusion. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Surprisingly, Txnip-KO hearts had greater recovery of cardiac function after an ischemia-reperfusion insult. (jci.org)
  • Whereas mitochondrial ATP synthesis was minimally decreased by Txnip deletion, cellular ATP content and lactate formation were higher in Txnip-KO hearts after ischemia-reperfusion injury. (jci.org)
  • Diabetes causes suppressed glucose oxidation leading to inefficient energy production, enhanced fatty acid metabolism, and increased susceptibility to myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2 This concept was advanced further in 1976 with the first publication of coronary reperfusion after coronary thrombolysis, 3 and in 1981 when it was proven that thrombolytic reperfusion salvaged myocardial tissue. (icrjournal.com)
  • So the greatest myocardial salvage and mortality benefit from reperfusion therapy comes within the first few hours of therapy ( Fig. 17-1 ). (thoracickey.com)
  • Clinicians should inquire about established cardiac diseases, including ischemic heart disease, hypertension , arrhythmia, valvular heart disease, congestive heart failure (CHF), and the presence of a pacemaker or implantable defibrillator. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) are particularly sensitive to these hemodynamic changes. (medscape.com)
  • Calcium channel blockers, including amlodipine, should be used with caution in patients with congestive heart failure, as they may increase the risk of future cardiovascular events and mortality. (drugstocker.com)
  • A significant proportion of diabetic patients are known to develop diabetic cardiomyopathy, with a high incidence of congestive heart failure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • His work has increased current understanding of congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease and valvular heart disease. (icrjournal.com)
  • Cardiomyopathy often does not show symptoms until the condition is quite advanced, and then the symptoms are likely to be those of other cardiovascular conditions, such as hypertension and heart failure, especially congestive heart failure. (beltina.org)
  • More patients with chronic conditions, such as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, renal insufficiency, and congestive heart failure, are becoming candidates for contrast studies. (uscjournal.com)
  • In addition to baseline level of renal function, any condition that reduces renal blood flow-such as congestive heart failure, intravascular volume depletion, or drugs - can increase the risk of CIN (see Table 1 ). (uscjournal.com)
  • When the heart contracts during systole, the contraction compresses the coronary arteries, which prevents perfusion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Perfusion of the heart is necessary for successful defibrillation (if the arrest type is shockable) and ROSC. (wikipedia.org)
  • Vasodilation of the coronary arteries will cause increased blood flow to the heart, increasing perfusion, but this effect remains minimal compared to the effects of venodilation. (gyandarpan.in)
  • this may be an important mechanism of decreased coronary perfusion and subsequent myocardial injury during reflow. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Nitrates are useful for pain control by coronary vasodilating effects, which increase coronary blood flow and myocardial perfusion. (surenapps.com)
  • 1,2 The idea that early reduction of myocardial oxygen demands and improvement of coronary perfusion might reduce infarct size dates back to the early 1970s. (icrjournal.com)
  • An IABP may be placed in the emergency department (ED) as a bridge to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), to decrease myocardial workload, and to improve end-organ perfusion. (medscape.com)
  • That is, when the ventricular myocardium is working, it extracts oxygen from the coronary blood and produces adenosine as a byproduct of ATP use. (wikipedia.org)
  • Heart failure, both with and without preserved ejection fraction, though through different mechanisms, result in an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP). (wikipedia.org)
  • However, this process requires greater oxygen consumption and will promote ventricular remodeling. (wikipedia.org)
  • Patients with left ventricular dysfunction receiving Valck for angina treatment should be closely monitored and its use in patients with NYHA class IV heart failure should be avoided. (elipesa.com)
  • Left ventricular (LV) function, FA oxidation rate, myocardial oxygen consumption and mechanical efficiency were assessed, followed by analysis of myocardial oxidative stress, mitochondrial respiration, protein acetylation as well as gene expression. (bioblast.at)
  • These problems may increase myocardial damage in presence of ventricular insufficiency. (surenapps.com)
  • It improves left ventricular function in diabetic patients with coronary heart disease. (cosmicnootropic.com)
  • The effect of the pulsatile iVAC2L MCS on left ventricular loading conditions and myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO 2 ) is unknown. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • however, the heart's own myocardium (heart muscle) must, itself, be supplied for its own muscle function. (wikipedia.org)
  • If CPP can not be maintained at a high enough pressure, the coronary arteries and underlying myocardium become ischemic. (wikipedia.org)
  • This dilation increases the oxygen supply to the myocardium in patients with coronary artery spasm (variant or Prinzmetal angina) and attenuates tobacco-induced coronary vasoconstriction. (elipesa.com)
  • Considering the prevalence of coronary heart disease among diabetic patients, surprisingly little is known about the effects of PPAR-γ activation in myocardium. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • In the ischemic myocardium, an increase in glucose uptake and subsequent ATP generated through glycolysis helps to sustain myocardial electric and mechanical performance, maintains cellular ultrastructure, promotes myocardial recovery. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The injured myocardium develops an evolving dependence on glucose as its preferred metabolic substrate while development of myocardial insulin resistance is associated with the progression of heart failure and increased incidence as well as severity of the damaged hearts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In stable angina, the blood flow through the coronary arteries may be limited due to the development of atherosclerotic plaques that restrict blood and therefore oxygen to the cardiac muscle myocardium. (pharmamirror.com)
  • Nitroglycerin produces peripheral vasodilation, which reduces myocardial oxygen consumption and demand. (gyandarpan.in)
  • The precise mechanism by which Amlopin 5 mg relieves angina has not been fully determined but Amlopin 5 mg reduces total ischemic burden by the following two actions: Amlopin 5 mg dilates peripheral arterioles and thus, reduces the total peripheral resistance (after load) against which the heart works. (medeasy.health)
  • Dilation of the peripheral arterioles , thus reducing total peripheral resistance (afterload, against which the heart works), resulting in a reduction in energy consumption myocardial and oxygen requirement. (elipesa.com)
  • As a consequence, peripheral blood flow increases, with no effect on heart rate. (azurewebsites.net)
  • In patients with severe coronary artery disease with low ischemic threshold, as in the present case, acetazolamide might reduce peripheral vascular resistance, increase the cardiac output ratio, increase myocardial oxygen consumption by increasing cardiac output, and induce myocardial ischemia with elevation of double product. (journalmc.org)
  • 2. Reduction of oxygen utilization: Verapamil hydrochloride regularly reduces the total peripheral resistance (afterload) against which the heart works both at rest and at a given level of exercise by dilating peripheral arterioles. (nih.gov)
  • Peripheral vasodilation effects reduce the volume of blood returning to the heart (preload), thereby decreasing myocardial workload and oxygen demand. (surenapps.com)
  • The trial population had evidence of coronary artery disease with no evidence of clinical signs of heart failure. (azurewebsites.net)
  • This product can inhibit platelet aggregation, expansion of coronary artery to improve myocardial blood supply and reducing myocardial oxygen consumption, ischemic heart disease to have a significant protective effect, and with reducing blood fat, blood pressure lowering effect. (lipond.net)
  • No effect modification was found for sex, age group, COPD severity, or a background of ischaemic heart disease. (bmj.com)
  • 5 Currently only oxygen therapy, some bronchodilators and glucocorticoids, and influenza vaccinations are considered effective in improving the course of the disease-either by reducing the frequency of hospital admission for COPD or mortality. (bmj.com)
  • Classic therapeutics for ischemic heart disease are less effective in individuals with the metabolic syndrome. (jci.org)
  • Ivabradine is indicated for the symptomatic treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris in coronary artery disease adults with normal sinus rhythm and heart rate ≥ 70 bpm. (medicines.org.uk)
  • With the increasing incidence of coronary heart disease, coronary heart disease has become a threat to human (especially the elderly) one of the major health diseases. (biomedres.info)
  • With the development of operation technology and the improvements of the anesthetic management level, OPCABG has become one of the effective methods which are used to cure the coronary heart disease. (biomedres.info)
  • 2 Additionally, it has been associated with premature coronary heart disease, regardless of other risk factors such as smoking and family history. (acc.org)
  • 7,8 Objective measures of cardiovascular disease, such as ischemic changes on stress testing, were observed in a study of individuals with a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder without any other risk factors for coronary disease. (acc.org)
  • Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) - reduced blood supply to the heart usually caused by coronary artery disease - is the leading cause of death and morbidity in America and Europe and is expected to be so by the year 2020 in emerging countries as well (1-3). (escardio.org)
  • Vitamin E and coronary heart disease: The European paradox. (vitalraadet.dk)
  • He is also responsible for Braunwald's Heart Disease , the most widely read textbook of cardiology in the world. (icrjournal.com)
  • Trimetazidine is prescribed to treat coronary heart disease with angina pectoris manifestations. (cosmicnootropic.com)
  • Conclusions: Pulsatile iVAC2L MCS in patients with advanced coronary artery disease at high to prohibitive operative risk resulted in LV unloading and reduced myocardial oxygen consumption particularly in patients with ACS or significant MR with higher filling pressures at baseline. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Secondary cardiomyopathy may also develop as a consequence of other CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CVD) , such as ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE (IHD) and HYPERTENSION (high BLOOD PRESSURE ). (beltina.org)
  • Ischemic cardiomyopathy is more common in people over age 60 who have other forms of cardiovascular disease. (beltina.org)
  • Some of the non modifiable risk factors include advanced age, male gender, family history of ischemic stroke, african-american and hispanic race, and genetic diseases such as sicke cell disease. (wikidoc.org)
  • Although a recent joint society scientific statement (the American Association of Cardiovascular Pulmonary Rehabilitation, the American Heart Association, and the American College of Cardiology) suggests home-based cardiac rehab (CR) is appropriate for low- and moderate-risk patients, there are no paradigms to define such individuals with coronary heart disease. (journaltocs.ac.uk)
  • We reviewed a decade of data from all patients with coronary heart disease enrolled in a single CR center (University of Michigan) to identify the prevalence of low-risk factors, which may inform on consideration for participation in alternative models of CR. (journaltocs.ac.uk)
  • In this observational study, we provide a first paradigm of identifying factors among coronary heart disease patients that may be considered low-risk and likely high-gain for participation in alternative models of CR. (journaltocs.ac.uk)
  • Valck should be used with caution in patients with severe bradycardia or heart failure due to the possibility of cardiogenic shock. (elipesa.com)
  • This dilation increases myocardial oxygen delivery in patients with coronary artery spasm (prinzmetals or variant angina). (medeasy.health)
  • This results in an elevated level of catecholamine and consequent increases in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR), exerting a negative influence on the patients' cardiovascular system [ 1 , 2 ]. (anesth-pain-med.org)
  • In experimental groups A (n = 10) and B (n = 10), metabolic control of autoregulation was assessed by plots of myocardial oxygen consumption versus coronary flow generated by incremental increases in heart rate. (elsevierpure.com)
  • This property increases myocardial oxygen delivery in patients with coronary artery spasm and is responsible for the effectiveness of verapamil hydrochloride in vasospastic (Prinzmetal's or variant) as well as unstable angina at rest. (nih.gov)
  • release of stress-induced catecholamines increases heart rate and BP. (surenapps.com)
  • Increases amount of oxygen available for myocardial uptake and thereby may relieve discomfort associated with tissue ischemia. (surenapps.com)
  • Importance Mortality is high among patients heart failure (HF) who are receiving treatment, and therefore identifying new pathways rooted in preclinical cardiac remodeling phenotypes may afford novel biomarkers and therapeutic avenues. (researchgate.net)
  • Inhibitors of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE 5 ) are a class of drug that were originally developed as anti-ischaemic agents based on their ability to overexpress the nitric oxide (NO) pathway pursued via cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signalling. (ecrjournal.com)
  • Ranolazine is an anti-ischaemic agent that does not reduce heart rate nor blood pressure. (escardio.org)
  • Ranolazine, an anti-ischaemic agent with additional electrophysiological properties can help in the above-described situations and is different from conventional agents (4) in that it does not reduce heart rate nor blood pressure. (escardio.org)
  • The cause and symptoms of a TIA are the same as those of an ischemic stroke. (msdmanuals.com)
  • TIAs may be a warning sign of an impending ischemic stroke. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Ischemic stroke may be classified according to the duration of onset of symptoms and causative agent. (wikidoc.org)
  • The major classification system of ischemic stroke include toast classification system, causative classification of stroke system (CCS),and sparkle classification of ischemic stroke. (wikidoc.org)
  • The pathophysiology of ischemic stroke may depend on the underlying cause of ischemia . (wikidoc.org)
  • Ischemic infarct may be categorized into two types depending on the area of the brain involved as focal ischemic stroke or global ischemic stroke. (wikidoc.org)
  • Hemodynamic changes in ischemic stroke results from cerebral auto regulation dysfunction as brain tissue is highly sensitive to mild changes in oxygen levels. (wikidoc.org)
  • Delayed treatment or sever hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke can lead to death. (wikidoc.org)
  • Since no symptoms or ischemic changes were found in postoperative examinations in each patient, we conclude that myocardial ischemia may develop temporarily, and was safely treated with landiolol. (ispub.com)
  • Venodilation causes pooling of blood within the venous system, reducing preload to the heart, which causes a decrease in cardiac work, reducing anginal symptoms secondary to demand ischemia. (gyandarpan.in)
  • If, during treatment, heart rate decreases below 50 beats per minute (bpm) at rest or the patient experiences symptoms related to bradycardia such as dizziness, fatigue or hypotension, the dose must be titrated downward including the lowest dose of 2.5 mg twice daily. (medicines.org.uk)
  • Treatment must be discontinued if heart rate remains below 50 bpm or symptoms of bradycardia persist despite dose reduction. (medicines.org.uk)
  • After two weeks of treatment, the dose can be increased to 7.5 mg twice daily if resting heart rate is persistently above 60 bpm or decreased to 2.5 mg twice daily if resting heart rate is persistently below 50 bpm or in case of symptoms related to bradycardia such as dizziness, fatigue or hypotension. (medicines.org.uk)
  • If during treatment, heart rate decreases persistently below 50 beats per minute (bpm) at rest or the patient experiences symptoms related to bradycardia, the dose must be titrated downward to the next lower dose in patients receiving 7.5 mg twice daily or 5 mg twice daily. (medicines.org.uk)
  • Angina pectoris describes the classic symptoms of chest pain, and is caused by transient myocardial ischaemia. (pharmamirror.com)
  • TIAs differ from ischemic strokes because symptoms usually resolve within 1 hour and no permanent brain damage occurs. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Since the heart rate remains stable, this unloading of the heart reduces myocardial energy consumption and oxygen requirements. (medeasy.health)
  • This unloading of the heart reduces myocardial energy consumption and oxygen requirements and probably accounts for the effectiveness of verapamil hydrochloride in chronic stable effort angina. (nih.gov)
  • Tracheal intubation causes direct stimulation of the larynx, drastically increasing hemodynamic values including blood pressure and heart rate. (anesth-pain-med.org)
  • The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anesthesia methods by observing hemodynamic changes, oxygen supply and demand balance in order to provide the reference for the Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (OPCABG) anesthesia management level during OPCABG. (biomedres.info)
  • Hemodynamic and oxygen metabolism index was recorded respectively at preoperative (T1), after the sternal incision (T2), LAD anastomosis (T3), CX/DIA anastomosis (T4), RCA anastomosis (T5) and the end of the operation (T6). (biomedres.info)
  • During the management of OPCABG anesthesia, maintaining the stable hemodynamic may ensure oxygen supply, demand balance and make the operation safe. (biomedres.info)
  • The heart keep beating during the operation period, the change of the heart location and the application of heart holder may influence hemodynamic and oxygen metabolism at different operation stage. (biomedres.info)
  • The continuous requirement for high-energy phosphates to perform mechanical work burdens the heart as metabolic requirements not shared by other organ system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While the heart is capable of utilizing a variety of available substrates to generate adenosine triphosphate, this metabolic flexibility is compromised under circumstances in which the heart is stressed, particularly by myocardial ischemia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Trimetazidine-Teva is an anti-ischemic metabolic agent that improves myocardial glucose utilization through the inhibition of fatty acid metabolism. (cosmicnootropic.com)
  • The major drawback of the former approach is that the excised heart might not accurately represent in vivo cardiac function, while the disadvantage of the latter method is that echocardiographic functional parameters are largely dependent on loading conditions (changes in preload or afterload). (biomedcentral.com)
  • While this process may acutely compensate for the initial reduction in CPP, the overall process of hypertrophic remodeling is deleterious and leaves the heart susceptible to ischemia. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, discontinuation of treatment should be considered if there is only limited symptomatic response and when there is no clinically relevant reduction in resting heart rate within three months. (medicines.org.uk)
  • After dose reduction, heart rate should be monitored (see section 4.4). (medicines.org.uk)
  • Patients who are CPP dependent, such as those with CAD and heart failure, are particularly susceptible to T2MI when insulted with a further reduced CPP. (wikipedia.org)
  • The patients' blood pressure, heart rate, and rate-pressure product were measured six times, before and after the intubation. (anesth-pain-med.org)
  • Use in patients with heart failure. (tajgenerics.com)
  • Patients with heart failure should be treated with caution. (tajgenerics.com)
  • Ivabradine is indicated in chronic heart failure NYHA II to IV class with systolic dysfunction, in patients in sinus rhythm and whose heart rate is ≥ 75 bpm, in combination with standard therapy including beta-blocker therapy or when beta-blocker therapy is contraindicated or not tolerated. (medicines.org.uk)
  • After three to four weeks of treatment, if the patient is still symptomatic, if the initial dose is well tolerated and if resting heart rate remains above 60 bpm, the dose may be increased to the next higher dose in patients receiving 2.5 mg twice daily or 5 mg twice daily. (medicines.org.uk)
  • Weekly consumption of short-acting nitrates was significantly lower in patients who received ranolazine plus amlodipine versus amlodipine alone. (escardio.org)
  • Clinically, beneficial effects of GLP-1 have also been demonstrated in patients with myocardial ischemia and heart failure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Among this group's most important developments was the TIMI Risk Score, which assesses the risk of death and ischaemic events in patients experiencing unstable angina. (icrjournal.com)
  • In patients with angina pectoris, the drug has a pronounced effect of reducing blood pressure and regulating the heart rate after several weeks of administration. (cosmicnootropic.com)
  • Recently, it has been shown to be effective in patients with heart failure of different etiologies. (cosmicnootropic.com)
  • Exercise capacity and peak oxygen consumption in asymptomatic patients with chronic aortic regurgitation. (uib.no)
  • A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a disturbance in brain function that typically lasts less than 1 hour and results from a temporary blockage of the brain's blood supply. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Since the effects on myocardial oxygen consumption determinants were found to be less relevant than expected, 1 they were not considered to have a real advantage over commonly used nitrates. (ecrjournal.com)
  • Dr Braunwald began by discussing his early work on the determinants of myocardial oxygen consumption. (icrjournal.com)
  • Finally, ischemic tolerance was determined by examining LV functional recovery and infarct size. (bioblast.at)
  • While high FA-load did not alter functional recovery and infarct size in CON hearts, it increased ischemic tolerance in DIO hearts. (bioblast.at)
  • The author is grateful to the Monzino Foundation for supporting research activity on heart failure. (ecrjournal.com)
  • Accordingly, over the last few years the use of PDE 5 inhibitors has been expanded to the therapeutic management of some cardiovascular disorders, including heart failure (HF). (ecrjournal.com)
  • The treatment has to be initiated only in patient with stable heart failure. (medicines.org.uk)
  • It is recommended that the treating physician should be experienced in the management of chronic heart failure. (medicines.org.uk)
  • Cardiomyopathy is as likely to affect people under age 40 as people over age 60 and is a leading cause of HEART FAILURE resulting in HEART TRANSPLANTATION . (beltina.org)
  • Rationale: Pathological hypertrophy commonly leads to heart failure (HF) and loss of cardiomyocytes, while physiological hypertrophy protects the heart and enhances cardiomyogenesis. (researchgate.net)
  • Long noncoding-RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical regulators of cardiac development as well as pathological hypertrophy and heart failure (HF). (researchgate.net)
  • Loss of cardiomyocytes is a major cause of heart failure, and while the adult heart has a limited capacity for cardiomyogenesis, little is known about what regulates this ability or whether it can be effectively harnessed. (researchgate.net)
  • Heart failure develops when the heart, via an abnormality of cardiac function (detectable or not), fails to pump blood at a rate commensurate with the requirements of the metabolizing tissues or is able to do so only with an elevated diastolic filling pressure. (medscape.com)
  • The Framingham criteria for the diagnosis of heart failure consists of the concurrent presence of either 2 major criteria or 1 major and 2 minor criteria. (medscape.com)
  • Heart failure (see the images below) may be caused by myocardial failure but may also occur in the presence of near-normal cardiac function under conditions of high demand. (medscape.com)
  • Heart failure always causes circulatory failure, but the converse is not necessarily the case, because various noncardiac conditions (eg, hypovolemic shock, septic shock) can produce circulatory failure in the presence of normal, modestly impaired, or even supranormal cardiac function. (medscape.com)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is hereditary, the result of mutations in a number of genes that regulate proteins essential for myocardial cell contractions (notably myosin, troponin T, and alpha tropomyosin). (beltina.org)
  • [ 7 ] In most individuals with chronic PH, the progression is gradual, allowing the right heart time for remodeling and hypertrophy in response to the increased pressure. (medscape.com)
  • Under low FA conditions, DIO hearts showed mild LV dysfunction, oxygen wasting, mechanical inefficiency, and reduced mitochondrial OxPhos. (bioblast.at)
  • Most TIAs occur when a piece of a blood clot (thrombus) or of fatty material (atheroma, or plaque) due to atherosclerosis breaks off from the heart or from the wall of an artery (usually in the neck), travels through the bloodstream (becoming an embolus), and lodges in an artery that supplies the brain. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Type 2 myocardial Infarctions (T2MI) result any time coronary flow is reduced secondary to a non-thrombotic cause. (wikipedia.org)
  • Whether this effect plays any role in classical effort angina is not clear, but studies of exercise tolerance have not shown an increase in the maximum exercise rate-pressure product, a widely accepted measure of oxygen utilization. (nih.gov)
  • Accordingly, mechanism of enhancing myocardial energetic efficiency by stimulating glucose availability and utilization has led to the vigorous pursuit of therapeutic approaches designed to augment glucose uptake and oxidation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Beta-blockers should be started 1 week before elective surgery, with the dose titrated to a resting heart rate of 50-60 beats/min. (medscape.com)
  • Verapamil hydrochloride is a calcium ion influx inhibitor (slow-channel blocker or calcium ion antagonist) that exerts its pharmacologic effects by modulating the influx of ionic calcium across the cell membrane of the arterial smooth muscle as well as in conductile and contractile myocardial cells. (nih.gov)
  • In contrast, CON hearts showed FA-induced mechanical inefficiency, oxidative stress and reduced OxPhos, as well as enhanced acetylation and activation of PPARα-dependent gene expression. (bioblast.at)
  • Myocardial inefficiency is an early indicator of exercise-induced myocardial fatigue. (uib.no)
  • Important second-line agents for pain control through effect of blocking sympathetic stimulation, thereby reducing heart rate, systolic BP, and myocardial oxygen demand. (surenapps.com)
  • FFPE tissue slides were scanned and analyzed digitally, while myocardial proteins were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using isobaric labeling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • High FA-load increased FA oxidation rates in both groups, but this did not alter any of the above parameters in DIO hearts. (bioblast.at)
  • Previous hypothesis-driven experiments have highlighted the role of sex hormones on distinct inflammatory responses, mitochondrial proteins, extracellular remodeling and estrogen-mediated cardioprotective signaling pathways related to post-ischemic recovery, which were associated with better cardiac functional outcomes in females. (biomedcentral.com)