Upon binding to their receptors, cytokines activate JAKs which then phosphorylate the cytokine receptor, thereby creating docking sites for signaling molecules, notably, members of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family that ultimately lead to gene expression. (justia.com)
Linkage and comparative mapping studies indicate that the transferred chromosome segment contains a number of candidate genes for hypertension, including genes encoding a brain dopamine receptor and a renal epithelial potassium channel. (jci.org)
Trauma2
Liver ischemia and reperfusion - which cause liver damage that is significant in a variety of diseases, injuries, and procedures (including but not limited to trauma and transplant) - have been the focus of many investigations in recent years. (ectrx.org)
Ischemia-reperfusion injury, which involves complex inflammatory pathways, is a significant cause of liver damage and an important factor in a variety of diseases, injuries, and procedures that include (but not limited to) transplant and trauma. (ectrx.org)
We will discuss issues related to the biochemistry and selective pharmacological inhibition of COX enzymes, and further refer to their expression in the brain under normal conditions and following excitotoxicity and ischemic cerebral injury. (southampton.ac.uk)
Mechanisms2
Although the mechanisms of ischemia-reperfusion injury are numerous and complex, many advances in treatment have been made. (ectrx.org)
The mechanisms of neurotoxicity associated with increased COX activity after ischemia will also be examined. (southampton.ac.uk)
Finally, we will provide a critical evaluation of the therapeutic potential of COX inhibitors in cerebral ischemia and discuss new targets downstream of COX with potential neuroprotective ability. (southampton.ac.uk)
Downstream1
Receptor-mediated tobacco toxicity: alterations of the NF-kappaB expression and activity downstream of alpha7 nicotinic receptor in oral keratinocytes. (famri.org)
Rheumatoid arthritis1
An adenosine A3 receptor agonist (CF-101) is in clinical trials for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. (wikipedia.org)
Mitochondrial1
We tested the hypothesis that 8-Br is also protective under clinically relevant conditions (regional ischaemia) when applied either before ischemia or at the beginning of reperfusion, and this effect is associated with the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). (mdpi.com)
Inflammatory3
The following review considers recent advances in the understanding of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury and focuses on inflammatory mediators of significance. (ectrx.org)
In this report, a comprehensive analysis of those factors is provided, and the fundamental molecular inflammatory mediators present after liverischemia and reperfusion are discussed. (ectrx.org)
Injury, infections, or dysregulated homeostasis ignites the acute inflammatory response that is normally a host protective mechanism. (frontiersin.org)
Protective1
In this discussion of antioxidant molecules, it is also important to include melatonin, which exerts multiple protective effects in hepatic ischemia and reperfusion (33-36). (ectrx.org)
Inhibition2
It mediates a sustained cardioprotective function during cardiac ischemia, it is involved in the inhibition of neutrophil degranulation in neutrophil-mediated tissue injury, it has been implicated in both neuroprotective and neurodegenerative effects, and it may also mediate both cell proliferation and cell death[citation needed]. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, a series of important implications on inflammation and the immune system that are induced by the activity of cannabinoid receptors stimulated by the delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) have been noticed. (encyclopedia.pub)
Protein3
Adenosine A3 receptors are G protein-coupled receptors that couple to Gi/Gq and are involved in a variety of intracellular signaling pathways and physiological functions. (wikipedia.org)
The peroxidation of lipids (16, 17), protein oxidation, and the formation of peroxinitrites frequently occur after liverischemia and reperfusion. (ectrx.org)
The protein expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis speck-like protein (ASC), caspase-1, gasdermin D (GSDMD), and GSDMD-N, the mRNA expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, GSDMD, interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) and IL-18 were evaluated. (bvsalud.org)
Effectiveness1
Recent evidence has shown that in cases of generalized ischemia after hemorrhagic shock, the effectiveness of melatonin in improving liver function depends on the melatonin receptor (40). (ectrx.org)
The process of ischemia and reperfusion is known to cause inducible nitric oxide synthase induction and activation, and there is evidence that interleukin (IL)-1β (46), IL-1 receptor (47), and IL-1 receptor along with nuclear factor-kappa beta (48) may have an important role in that induction. (ectrx.org)
The role of TRAIL/TRAIL receptors in central nervous system pathology. (mdc-berlin.de)
Acute9
Kidney disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO) Acute Kidney Injury Work Group. (bmj.com)
Acute kidney injury: prevention, detection and management. (bmj.com)
Management of acute kidney injury: core curriculum 2018. (bmj.com)
External validation for acute kidney injury severity scores: a multicenter retrospective study in 14 Japanese ICUs. (bmj.com)
Predicting one-year mortality of critically ill patients with early acute kidney injury: data from the prospective multicenter FINNAKI study. (bmj.com)
Global1
The cAMP analogue 8-Br-cAMP-AM (8-Br) confers marked protection against global ischaemia/reperfusion of isolated perfused heart. (mdpi.com)
Important2
Investigations involving animal models and human trials are reviewed, a summary of significant studies in human subjects is presented ( Table 1 ), and the pathways and mediators important in liver ischemia-reperfusion injury are described ( Figure 1 ). (ectrx.org)
One of the systems intensely studied in recent years is the endocannabinoid signaling pathway, as light was shed over a series of important interactions of cannabinoid receptors with biochemical pathways, specifically for sepsis. (encyclopedia.pub)
solid course="kwd-title" Keywords: bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE), chimeric antigen receptors (Vehicles), gene-modified adoptive T-cell transfer, Atractylodin T-cell tumor therapy, tumor-specific epitope Intro Tumor cells communicate different epitopes and proteins on the surface area that differentiate them from healthful cells, either by degrees of manifestation or by uncovering novel epitopes not really seen in regular self. (techieindex.net)