Involves dna single stranded. Medical search. Frequent questions

The protein products of this gene cluster play an important role in the transport of large molecules such as the E colicins and filamentous phage DNA into the bacterium. (duke.edu)
A promising therapy for a range of brain diseases involves antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs)-;specialized molecules that can modulate RNA and alter protein production-;directly injected into the cerebrospinal fluid, in the space around the brain and spinal cord. (news-medical.net)
cytosine (C) always pairs with guanine (G). This pairing is the basis for the mechanism by which DNA molecules are copied when cells divide, and the pairing also underlies the methods by which most DNA sequencing experiments are done. (genome.gov)
The arrays were provided by chemical-engineering professor Anthony Guiseppi-Elie and doctoral candidate G. Scott Taylor, both from Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, VA. On each array were 16 dots, each containing a larger number of single-stranded DNA molecules aligned in upright positions, standing in rows like soldiers. (technologyreview.com)
Many new nucleic acid-based diagnostic tools or assays have been developed that allow analysis of DNA and RNA molecules in clinical samples. (enzolifesciences.com)
Next, the enzyme DNA polymerase I removes the native nucleotides from the probe molecules in the 5′→3′ direction (exonuclease activity) while replacing them with labeled dNTP precursors by virtue of its 5′→3′ polymerase activity. (enzolifesciences.com)
Nick translation is efficient for both linear and covalently closed DNA molecules, and labeling reaction are completed in less than an hour. (enzolifesciences.com)
Two double-stranded DNA molecules. (aboutdarwin.com)
DNA replication is an intricate dance of molecules, a fundamental process essential to life. (aboutdarwin.com)
DNA repair can be divided into a set of mechanisms that identify and correct damage in DNA molecules. (news-medical.net)
Because alternative RNA splicing allows different types of mRNA molecules to be created from a single gene, it generates the diversity of protein function and structure that is essential to complex organisms. (genomicglossaries.com)
RNA molecules which hybridize to complementary sequences in either RNA or DNA altering the function of the latter. (genomicglossaries.com)
DNA molecules are too small (at least thin), to been seen with our eyes. (scienceblogs.com)
At least in plants, DNA regions that become de novo methylated can be defined by homologous RNA molecules in a process termed RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM). (degruyter.com)
Viroids are pathogenic circular, non-coding, single-stranded RNA molecules. (degruyter.com)
Viroids are non-encapsidated, single-stranded (ss), 250-400 nucleotide (nt)-long circular RNA molecules that do not encode proteins (1, 2). (degruyter.com)
The notion of sequencing nucleic acids by drawing single molecules of DNA or RNA through a nanopore was initially considered quite impossible by most people, including most of the expert scientists who reviewed our grant proposals at NIH. (harvard.edu)
The proteins involved in homologous recombination have to work around other processes that go on inside the nucleus, such as the transcription of DNA in genes into RNA molecules. (elifesciences.org)

Oligonucleotides are short sequences of nucleotides (RNA or DNA), typically with twenty or fewer bases. (news-medical.net)
Typically, a computer-controlled robot uses techniques borrowed from photolithography to create strands of synthetic DNA by linking nucleotides in the appropriate sequences. (technologyreview.com)
The construction technique first involved preparing long linear single-stranded DNA encoding complementary sequences of both the antisense and sense sequences of anti-luciferase siRNA. (genengnews.com)
The circle was closed using T4 DNA ligase, and the circular DNA then used to produce RNA transcripts by RCT, which encode both antisense and sense sequences of the anti-luciferase siRNA. (genengnews.com)
To make the design process less complicated, Rothemund created software that works out which short-strand sequences will generate different shapes. (newscientist.com)
Random priming is a type of primer extension in which a mixture of small oligonucleotide sequences, acting as primers, anneal to a heat-denatured double-stranded template. (enzolifesciences.com)
The resulting device can analyze multiple DNA sequences electronically on the same chip simultaneously. (ieee.org)
Spot signal intensities were 18 to 74 times greater for perfect matches than for mismatched target sequences differing by a single nucleotide (discrimination ratio) for "homozygous" DNA from healthy individuals. (hindawi.com)
This is achieved by cleaving genomic DNA into fragments with a restriction enzyme and then introducing common adaptor sequences into the restriction products by ligation. (hindawi.com)
The Molecular Inversion Probe assay (Parallele Biosciences, South San Francisco, Calif, USA) [ 6 ] uses probes that can be circularized and contain two sequences complementary to regions adjacent to SNPs in the DNA target in the first step of the genotyping reaction. (hindawi.com)
All DNA sequences for the three genes known to be involved in CMT disease, for healthy individuals and patients, were confirmed by direct sequencing. (hindawi.com)
An artist in its own right, Ligase dutifully connects Okazaki fragments (short sequences produced at the lagging strand) during replication. (aboutdarwin.com)
Homologous recombination involves the exchange of nucleotide sequences to repair damaged bases on both strands of DNA through the utilization of a sister chromatid. (news-medical.net)
Classical nonhomologous end joining connects the break ends without a homologous template through the use of short DNA sequences called microhomologies. (news-medical.net)
The recruitment of this machinery results in the production of viroid-derived small RNAs (vd-sRNAs) that mediate RNA degradation and DNA methylation of cognate sequences. (degruyter.com)
In conclution, DNA amplification is a rapid, reliable and accurate method with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA sequences and it can replace the conventional culture method in the diagnosis of extra pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculosis meningitis except in the situation when antibiotic sensitivity results are required. (who.int)
RNA or DNA) sequences of interest in organisms present in a clinical specimen. (cdc.gov)
ROESY, NOE spectroscopy in the operator DNA sequences aimed at removing the rotating frame. (lu.se)
DNA sequences used for studies of uncomplexed and complexed trp operator. (lu.se)

Φ29 is a bacteriophage of Bacillus subtilis with a sequenced, linear, 19,285 base pair DNA genome. (wikipedia.org)
This was demonstrated by the ability of the enzyme to continue to copy the singly primed circular genome of the M13 phage more than tenfold in a single strand (over 70kb in a single strand). (wikipedia.org)
Many of these new technologies were developed with support from the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) Genome Technology Program and its Advanced DNA Sequencing Technology awards. (genome.gov)
In the latest example, University of California, Berkeley, scientists found that people's assumptions about how cells repair the genome after the Cas9 enzyme snips DNA are wrong. (sciencedaily.com)
And it could help researchers boost the efficiency with which cells insert new DNA into the genome -- to replace a harmful mutation with the correct DNA sequence, for example -- and generally tweak CRISPR-Cas9 editing to get the desired outcome. (sciencedaily.com)
CRISPR-Cas9 is revolutionary because of the precision with which it homes in on a specific DNA sequence out of billions in the genome and cleaves the double-stranded DNA molecule. (sciencedaily.com)
The complete set of these DNA instructions for an organism is called its "genome. (cdc.gov)
For decades, scientists who wanted to research the genome of RNA viruses, such as influenza, had to do so using an indirect and time-consuming method that involved first converting the single-stranded RNA into double-stranded DNA. (cdc.gov)
This enables us to perform genome editing and DNA writing outside of laboratory settings, whether to engineer bacteria, optimize traits of interest in situ, or study evolutionary dynamics and interactions in the bacterial populations. (scienceblog.com)
To achieve that, the researchers engineered the cells to produce a reverse transcriptase enzyme called retron, which produces a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) when expressed in the cells, and a recombinase enzyme, which can insert ("write") a specific sequence of single-stranded DNA into a targeted site in the genome. (scienceblog.com)
After the DNA is produced, the recombinase inserts the DNA into a preprogrammed site, which can be anywhere in the genome. (scienceblog.com)
They also knocked out genes involved in a system called mismatch repair, which normally prevents integration of single-stranded DNA into the genome. (scienceblog.com)
By integrating a DNA "barcode" into each cell's genome, which can then be exchanged with other cells, the researchers can determine which cells have interacted with each other by sequencing their DNA to see which barcodes they carry. (scienceblog.com)
This genome displayed a typical GcV architecture, with a 2,264-nt circular DNA molecule carrying a capsid gene on 1 strand and 2 genes on the opposite strand, which coded for Rep1 (involved in replication initiation) and Rep2 (involved in replication termination), respectively. (cdc.gov)
DNA encodes the cell genome and is therefore a permanent copy of a structure necessary for the correct functioning of a cell. (news-medical.net)
Single-stranded annealing provides end joining between interspersed nucleotide repeats within the genome leading to one copy of the repeat and the intervening sequence being deleted in the process. (news-medical.net)
Molecular biology techniques are instrumental in designing safe and effective gene delivery systems for the manipulation of DNA and genome. (freescience.info)
Aprataxin resolves adenylated RNA-DNA junctions to maintain genome integrity. (medlineplus.gov)
The telomeres are the DNA-protein structures at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, which serve to protect and stabilize the genome. (lu.se)
[ 7 , 8 ] Sister chromatid exchanges are considered a sensitive indicator for cell genome instability, as they are thought to be the outcome of DNA double-strand breaks resulting from homologous recombination repair. (medscape.com)
Positive-sense RNA viruses possess a single-stranded RNA genome that can serve as messenger RNA (mRNA) that can be directly translated to produce an amino acid sequence. (msdmanuals.com)
Negative-sense RNA viruses possess a single-stranded negative-sense genome that first must synthesize a complementary positive-sense antigenome, which is then used to make genomic negative-sense RNA. (msdmanuals.com)
Retroviruses use reverse transcription to create a double-stranded DNA copy (a provirus) of their RNA genome, which is inserted into the genome of their host cell. (msdmanuals.com)
the genome of RNA viruses ranges from 3.5 kilobases (some retroviruses) to 27 kilobases (some reoviruses), and the genome of DNA viruses ranges from 5 kilobases (some parvoviruses) to 280 kilobases (some poxviruses). (msdmanuals.com)

Scholars@Duke publication: Nucleotide sequence of a gene cluster involved in entry of E colicins and single-stranded DNA of infecting filamentous bacteriophages into Escherichia coli. (duke.edu)
The nucleotide sequence of a 1,854-base-pair DNA fragment carrying the fii region was determined. (duke.edu)
Download DNA or protein sequence, view genomic context and coordinates. (yeastgenome.org)
The sequence tells scientists the kind of genetic information that is carried in a particular DNA segment. (genome.gov)
For example, scientists can use sequence information to determine which stretches of DNA contain genes and which stretches carry regulatory instructions, turning genes on or off. (genome.gov)
Alternatively, other enzymes can patch the break with a single strand of DNA that matches the DNA sequence upstream and downstream of the cut. (sciencedaily.com)
Researchers often supply a single-stranded piece of DNA and hope that the cell uses it to replace the faulty sequence with the new one. (sciencedaily.com)
This long strand was then hybridized with short DNA strands containing the T7 promoter sequence, to form circular DNA. (genengnews.com)
As the machine takes these measurements, it decodes the genetic sequence of the DNA or RNA strand. (cdc.gov)
The VNTR sequence, which contains the potential G-quadruplex-forming sequence CGC(GGGGCGGGG)n, is involved in the downregulation of α-globin expression. (jascoinc.com)
Nucleic acid probes are either a single stranded DNA or RNA with a strong affinity towards a specific DNA or RNA target sequence. (enzolifesciences.com)
A DNA probe is a labeled fragment of DNA that contains a nucleotide sequence specific for the gene or chromosomal region of interest. (enzolifesciences.com)
If they can further develop the technology, they could enable doctors to quickly discern changes in your specific DNA sequence signaling a disease. (ieee.org)
As our use of DNA sequencing grows, the demand for more DNA sequencing continues to increase, creating pressure to sequence DNA at ever faster rates. (scienceblogs.com)
The current methods for determining a DNA sequence rely on mimicking the processes used in nature to replicate DNA and copy chromosomes before cells divide. (scienceblogs.com)
What if we could, instead, directly read a DNA sequence by passing it through a tiny hole that could somehow recognize the shape of each base as it passes by? (scienceblogs.com)
A polymerase then fills in the target sequence, and a ligation reaction captures the sequence within a circularized single-stranded probe. (genomeweb.com)
As the DNA strand is drawn through the nanopore from the container on the first side of membrane to the container on the second side, the different nucleotide bases (known as A, C, G, T or U) trigger different electrical responses allowing researchers to identify the order or sequence of the bases. (harvard.edu)
The technology provides real-time information on DNA sequence and is currently being used around the world in both large research laboratories and in field work situations. (harvard.edu)
Indeed, it took us and our many bright, hardworking postdocs, students, and laboratory technicians some 25 years before the first crude sequence of a strand of DNA was obtained by nanopore sequencing. (harvard.edu)
These single-stranded DNA 'tails' are then free to interact with an intact copy of the same DNA sequence from elsewhere in the cell's nucleus, which is used as a guide when repairing the damage. (elifesciences.org)
A piece of single-stranded nucleic acid that hybridizes specifically to the complementary sequence of RNA or DNA in the sample. (cdc.gov)

DNA sequencing determines the order of the four chemical building blocks - called "bases" - that make up the DNA molecule. (genome.gov)
This DNA is produced only when activated by the presence of a predetermined molecule or another type of input, such as light. (scienceblog.com)
The process involves dividing a DNA molecule into many pieces of single-stranded templates that are put into millions of tiny wells on a substrate inside a machine that washes them through millions of cycles. (ieee.org)
DNA, a double-stranded molecule, is the primary genetic material directly responsible for development and inheritable traits. (aboutdarwin.com)
From left to right: end view (ball and stick rendering) with DNA molecule, vertical structure in charge coloring (ball and stick rendering), vertical structure in residue coloring (tube rendering), and vertical structure in molecular coloring (space fill rendering). (scienceblogs.com)
When MspA's residues are colored by charge (negatively charged amino acids are shown in red, positively charged in blue and neutral in gray) we can see that the native MspA protein might not let a negatively changed molecule like DNA pass through (see if you can see why). (scienceblogs.com)
RNA is a single-strand nucleic acid which, while more unstable than DNA, allows flexibility to bend back on itself forming weak bonds with another part of the same molecule. (cdc.gov)

Next, free-floating nucleotides - the DNA letters A, C, T, and G - match up with their complements in the separated strands, yielding two identical copies of the original double helix. (technologyreview.com)
On the other hand, RNA is a single chain of nucleotides primarily involved in protein synthesis following the master plan outlined by DNA. (aboutdarwin.com)
The non-defective strand is used as a template with the damaged DNA on the other strand removed and replaced by the synthesis of new nucleotides. (news-medical.net)
PfuExo I forms a trimer and cleaves single-stranded DNA at every two nucleotides. (proteopedia.org)
Nucleotides for which water-mediated pro- tein-DNA contacts with the bases were observed in the co-crystal structures are encircled with a continuous line. (lu.se)

Φ29 DNA polymerase is an enzyme from the bacteriophage Φ29. (wikipedia.org)
Each 5' end is covalently linked to a terminal protein, which is essential in the replication process by acting as a primer for the viral DNA polymerase. (wikipedia.org)
this involves two replication origins and two distinct polymerase monomers. (wikipedia.org)
Highly efficient DNA synthesis by the phage Φ29 DNA polymerase. (wikipedia.org)
However, damaged DNA is repaired involving poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) causing resistance to radiation therapy. (techscience.com)
The annealed primers ultimately become part of the probe itself, because the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I extends the primers in the 3′ direction and, in so doing, incorporates the label. (enzolifesciences.com)
The course plot for the saga of replication involves an array of characters, including enzymes like DNA polymerase, working tirelessly as diligent scribes, replicating each chapter accurately from the DNA template. (aboutdarwin.com)
The enzymes remove the damaged base forming an AP site which is repaired by AP endonuclease before the nucleotide gap in the DNA strand is filled by DNA polymerase. (news-medical.net)
The process involves the recognition of damage which is then cleaved on both sides by endonucleases before resynthesis by DNA polymerase. (news-medical.net)
The third excision mechanism is called mismatch repair and occurs when mismatched bases are incorporated into the DNA strand during replication and are not removed by proofreading DNA polymerase. (news-medical.net)
After second- strand cDNA synthesis, T7 RNA polymerase was used to generate aRNA. (genomicglossaries.com)
The ERCC5 protein may also function in other cellular processes, including RNA polymerase II transcription, and transcription-coupled DNA repair. (nih.gov)

in each cell, as many as 25,000 different genes hold the formula - written in DNA - for every cell's function, whether it's a muscle cell, nerve cell, or a blood cell. (technologyreview.com)
Just as a pregnancy test will change color to indicate the presence of a particular hormone, the DNA spots on a microarray will glow to indicate the presence of specific genes. (technologyreview.com)
Researchers use microarrays to test samples of real DNA or RNA, to identify healthy as well as mutated genes, and to determine which genes are active in a cell. (technologyreview.com)
To find out which DNA repair enzymes are critical to homology-directed repair after CRISPR cutting, Richardson and Corn employed a technique called CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) to knock out, one at a time, more than 2,000 genes known or suspected to be involved in DNA repair, a function critical to a healthy cell. (sciencedaily.com)
Surprisingly, many of the genes that proved to be important -- homology-directed repair dropped dramatically when they were silenced -- were involved in an important repair system not thought to be involved in CRISPR repair. (sciencedaily.com)
In this paper we demonstrate that coupling a multiplexing procedure with our microarray method is possible for the simultaneous detection and genotyping of four point mutations, in three different genes, involved in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. (hindawi.com)
The DNA of each patient bores one heterozygous mutation in one of these genes. (hindawi.com)
It unravels the secrets of genes, which are segments of genetic material, such as DNA, containing instructions for building proteins and controlling various cellular processes. (freescience.info)
Here we show that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae a single DSB causes transcriptional inhibition of proximal genes independently of Tel1/ATM and Mec1/ATR. (elifesciences.org)
Previous research has reported that forming a double-strand break in the DNA reduces the levels of transcription for the genes that surround the break, but it was not clear how this occurred. (elifesciences.org)
In mammalian cells, inhibiting the transcription of genes around a double-strand DNA break depends on a signaling pathway that is activated whenever DNA damage is detected. (elifesciences.org)
One of the next challenges will be to see if the resection process makes any contribution to changes in the transcription of genes that surround a double-strand break in mammals as well. (elifesciences.org)

Circular replication initiation protein (Rep)-encoding single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) (CRESS-DNA) genomes are found in diverse group II virus families, which all possess a conserved Rep-encoding gene and a nonenveloped icosahedral capsid, except geminiviruses, which have twinned particles ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Genomic features of gemycircularviruses HV-GcV1 and HV-GcV2 and of a novel circular single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) virus, HV-CV1, including hairpin structure and predicted open reading frames. (cdc.gov)
Double stranded DNA (dsDNA) is only 2 nm in diameter, and single stranded DNA (ssDNA) is only 1 nm in diameter. (scienceblogs.com)

In practice, double and single stranded DNAs, mRNAs, and other RNAs synthesized in vitro are all used as probes. (enzolifesciences.com)
The ssRNA(+), likely transferred into the nucleolus, is finally processed by a type III RNase and a DNA LIGASE into unit-length circular RNAs (8) ( Figure 1 ). (degruyter.com)

disorders of the DNA replication machinery. (nih.gov)
During replication, an enzyme unzips the DNA, separating it into two strands. (technologyreview.com)
Although its precise biological function remains unclear, its proximity to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) makes it an excellent candidate to participate in mtDNA replication, metabolism and maintenance. (mdpi.com)
DNA Replication and RNA Transcription, although seemingly complex terms, hold within them concepts that are beautifully precise, methodical - true marvels of nature. (aboutdarwin.com)
Replication, in the world of genetics, is a mesmerizing process through which a cell makes an exact copy or, to draw a more precise picture - duplicates its DNA. (aboutdarwin.com)
It's quite an intricate dance aimed at making sure every new chromosome is equipped with one old and one new strand of DNA - this is referred to as semi-conservative replication. (aboutdarwin.com)
As we gaze into the microscopic world of the cell, here's a brief introduction to the components that are critical to the replication of DNA. (aboutdarwin.com)
This enzyme unwinds the double-stranded DNA, paving the way for replication. (aboutdarwin.com)
They pair with bases on the old strand during replication. (aboutdarwin.com)
Damage to DNA is caused by the incorporation of incorrect nucleotide bases during DNA replication and the chemical changes caused by spontaneous mutation or exposure to environmental factors such as radiation. (news-medical.net)
Some viruses have an outer envelope consisting of protein and lipid, surrounding a protein capsid complex with genomic RNA or DNA and sometimes enzymes needed for the first steps of viral replication. (msdmanuals.com)
Certain single-strand, (+) sense RNA viruses termed retroviruses use a very different method of replication. (msdmanuals.com)

citation needed] The isolated enzyme has no intrinsic helicase activity but may carry out an equivalent function by way of its strong binding to single stranded DNA, particularly in preference to double stranded nucleic acid. (wikipedia.org)
The enzyme facilitates the "debranching" of double stranded DNA. (wikipedia.org)
The exonuclease activity of the enzyme is, like its polymerization activity, highly processive and can degrade single-stranded oligonucleotides without dissociation. (wikipedia.org)
PARP is a nuclear enzyme essential for single-strand DNA breaks repair. (techscience.com)
Furthermore, the use of Taq or other thermostable DNA polymerases permits labeling reactions to be performed at higher temperatures via PCR, thereby reducing the incidence of enzyme-mediated point mutations during probe synthesis. (enzolifesciences.com)
It involves randomly nicking the backbone of a double-stranded DNA with dilute concentrations of DNase I. At extremely low concentrations, this enzyme nicks a template at four or five sites, producing a free 3′-OH group that can act as a primer at each nicking location. (enzolifesciences.com)
The star enzyme that plays a critical role in synthesizing new DNA strands by following the older DNA as a template. (aboutdarwin.com)

The ERCC5 gene encodes a single-stranded structure-specific DNA endonuclease involved in DNA excision repair following UV-induced damage. (nih.gov)
Possesses single-strand endonuclease activity and double-strand-specific 3'-5' exonuclease activity. (lu.se)

However, while the genomes of people and other living things consist of DNA, some things that aren't technically "living," such as viruses, have genomes coded by RNA instructions instead. (cdc.gov)
DNA/RNA probe assays are faster and sensitive so that many conventional diagnostic tests for viruses and bacteria involving culturing of the organisms are being fast replaced by molecular probe assays. (enzolifesciences.com)
The researchers discovered that, with a single mutation to the Cas12a2 protein, the active site degrades only single-stranded DNA -- a feature especially useful in developing new diagnostics tailored for any of a wide range of viruses. (sciencedaily.com)
Viruses arguably have coexisted with cellular life-forms since the earliest stages of life, may have been directly involved therein, and have profoundly influenced cellular evolution. (uncommondescent.com)
Viruses are the only entities on modern Earth to use either RNA or DNA in both single- and double-stranded forms for their genetic material and thus may provide a model for the putative RNA-protein world. (uncommondescent.com)
Currently funded by an NSF Assembling the Tree of Life grant, the Breitbart lab is now focusing on exploring the diversity and ecology of single-stranded DNA viruses, whose widespread environmental distribution has only recently been recognized. (usf.edu)
either DNA or RNA viruses may have single or double strands of genetic material. (msdmanuals.com)
Single-strand RNA viruses are further divided into those with (+) sense and (-) sense RNA. (msdmanuals.com)
DNA viruses typically replicate in the host cell nucleus, and RNA viruses typically replicate in the cytoplasm. (msdmanuals.com)
Because RNA transcription does not involve the same error-checking mechanisms as DNA transcription, RNA viruses, particularly retroviruses, are particularly prone to mutation. (msdmanuals.com)

Proofreading activity conferred by the exonuclease domain was demonstrated by showing the preferential excision of a mismatched nucleotide from the 3' terminus of the newly synthesized strand. (wikipedia.org)
Recently, we identified a novel single-strand specific 3'-5' exonuclease, PfuExo I, from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus, which may be involved in the Thermococcales-specific DNA repair system. (proteopedia.org)

Mutations in fii or tolA of the fii-tolA-tolB gene cluster at 17 min on the Escherichia coli map render cells tolerant to high concentrations of the E colicins and do not allow the DNA of infecting single-stranded filamentous bacteriophages to enter the bacterial cytoplasm. (duke.edu)
Phenotype annotations for a gene are curated single mutant phenotypes that require an observable (e.g., "cell shape"), a qualifier (e.g., "abnormal"), a mutant type (e.g., null), strain background, and a reference. (yeastgenome.org)
Scientists could potentially tweak proteins involved in the pathway to preferentially steer the outcome toward replacement with DNA, which is important for gene therapy for hereditary diseases. (sciencedaily.com)
Enzymes can stitch the dangling ends back together, which often results in one or more bases -- the building blocks of DNA -- being added or deleted, disrupting the function of the gene. (sciencedaily.com)
Probes labeled by nick translation can be used in many different hybridization techniques including: chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH), fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), screening gene banks by colony or plaque hybridization, DNA or RNA transfer hybridization, and re-association kinetic studies. (enzolifesciences.com)
HV-GcV2 (2,262 nt) shares the same stem-loop motif and genomic structure with HV-GcV1, with the exception of the rep gene, which is coded by a single open reading frame. (cdc.gov)
His fields of research comprise RNA-mediated gene silencing processes with a focus on epigenetic phenomena, including studies on RNA-directed DNA methylation, the characterization of virus silencing suppressor proteins, the development of plant bioreactor platforms and viroid research. (degruyter.com)
By investigating nucleic acids like DNA and RNA, as well as proteins and other biomolecules, scientists gain insights into gene expression, protein synthesis, gene transfer, and more. (freescience.info)
Thanks to molecular biology techniques like DNA sequencing and gene expression analysis, biologists have made significant strides in understanding genetics and genomics. (freescience.info)
Methods: Tumor samples from patients with MBC (N=5621) were analyzed by next-generation sequencing of DNA (592-gene panel or whole exome) and RNA (whole transcriptome) at Caris Life Sciences (Phoenix, AZ). (bvsalud.org)
The APTX gene provides instructions for making a protein called aprataxin that is involved in the repair of DNA damage in cells. (medlineplus.gov)
The BLM mutations can be found in compound heterozygous forms, homozygous forms, or as single gene mutation forms. (medscape.com)

Predicted to contribute to single-stranded DNA helicase activity. (nih.gov)
Crystal structure of the Bloom syndrome helicase BLM in complex with DNA (PDB ID: 4CGZ). (medscape.com)

In the DNA double helix, the four chemical bases always bond with the same partner to form "base pairs. (genome.gov)
Methylation of guanine bases produces a change in the structure of DNA by forming a product that is complimentary to thymine rather than cytosine. (news-medical.net)
Nucleotide excision repair is a widespread mechanism for repairing damage to DNA and recognizes multiple damaged bases. (news-medical.net)
Since the holes are short, only 30 bases of DNA can fit in a hole at a time. (scienceblogs.com)
The diameter and depth make the holes too deep and too wide to detect and distinguish between DNA bases as they pass through the pore. (scienceblogs.com)
Since the DNA makes contact with the sides of the pore, different bases can be detected. (scienceblogs.com)
Similar to DNA structure, RNA consists of the same basic elements, a sugar- phosphate backbone, and four nitrogen bases. (cdc.gov)
DNA structure, as was early recognized from and DNA bases are water-mediated (Otwinowski ®ber-diffraction X-ray studies of the water-depen- et al. (lu.se)

The ataxia telangiectasia Rad3-related (ATR) protein responds to UV damage, whereas the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein responds to double-strand breaks (DSBs) caused by ionizing radiation and radiomimetic compounds. (medscape.com)
There are two main mechanisms for repairing double strand breaks: homologous recombination and classical nonhomologous end joining. (news-medical.net)
Studies have also found that double strand breaks can be repaired through alternative mechanisms such as single-stranded annealing and alternative joining during certain conditions. (news-medical.net)
Alternative joining has an undefined mechanism for repairing double strand breaks but is known to risk genomic integrity by joining end breaks on different chromosomes. (news-medical.net)
Emerging evidence indicate that the mammalian checkpoint kinase ATM induces transcriptional silencing in cis to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) through a poorly understood mechanism. (elifesciences.org)
Homologous recombination' is one of the main mechanisms used by cells to repair DNA double-strand breaks. (elifesciences.org)
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are particularly dangerous for cells, since their inefficient or inaccurate repair can result in deletions and chromosomal translocations that can lead to cancer and/or severe developmental abnormalities in humans. (elifesciences.org)

Once the provirus is integrated into the host cell DNA, it is transcribed using typical cellular mechanisms to produce viral proteins and genetic material. (msdmanuals.com)

First, they disabled enzymes called exonucleases, which break down single-stranded DNA. (scienceblog.com)
Exonucleases remove the non-circularized probes and the off-target DNA that is not captured. (genomeweb.com)

Pharmaceutical biology antisense, antisense DNA, antisense oligonucleotides. (genomicglossaries.com)

When a cell divides, it first needs to replicate its DNA. (technologyreview.com)
Stabilizers at heart, these proteins prevent re-annealing (reunion) of single-stranded DNAs before it's their time to replicate. (aboutdarwin.com)
Members of the Pospiviroidae family replicate in the nucleus through double-stranded RNA intermediates, attracting the host RNA silencing machinery. (degruyter.com)

Heterozygous" mutant DNA samples gave signal intensity ratios close to 1 at the positions of the mutations as expected. (hindawi.com)
Changes to the structure of DNA can cause mutations and genomic instability, leading to cancer. (news-medical.net)
Most mutations change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in aprataxin, resulting in an unstable aprataxin protein that is quickly broken down in the cell. (medlineplus.gov)
BML mutations thus result in defects in DNA repair and genomic instability in the somatic cells, predisposing the patients to cancer development. (medscape.com)

It is being increasingly used in molecular biology for multiple displacement DNA amplification procedures, and has a number of features that make it particularly suitable for this application. (wikipedia.org)
multiple-strand displacement amplification. (wikipedia.org)
We show here that the multiplex genotyping of multiple mutation sites is possible, based on multiplex PCR DNA amplification and a stem-loop probe method. (hindawi.com)
The objective of the study was to develop a rapid method to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis from clinical samples and the applicability of DNA amplification techniques to a developing country like Sri Lanka. (who.int)
A technique that amplifies (copies) DNA or RNA segments, in Amplification (NAA) order to directly identify microorganisms in sputum specimens. (cdc.gov)

Biological engineers at MIT have devised a new way to efficiently edit bacterial genomes and program memories into bacterial cells by rewriting their DNA. (scienceblog.com)
With this new DNA writing system, we can precisely and efficiently edit bacterial genomes without the need for any form of selection, within complex bacterial ecosystems," says Fahim Farzadfard, a former MIT postdoc and the lead author of the paper. (scienceblog.com)
This is in part because the E. coli have cellular mechanisms that prevent single-stranded DNA from being accumulated and integrated into their genomes. (scienceblog.com)

Therefore, the conversion of the DSB ends from double-stranded to single-stranded DNA, which is necessary to initiate DSB repair by homologous recombination, is responsible for loss of transcription around a DSB in S. cerevisiae . (elifesciences.org)

Many experts thought the key to cheaper DNA sequencers was going to be performing the SBS process in nanopore-based DNA sequencers . (ieee.org)
Now researchers at Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University believe that they have developed a way to make these nanopore-SBS DNA sequencers fast, accurate, and, most importantly, cheaper than what is currently on the market. (ieee.org)
One big obstacle to overcome in nanopore-SBS sequencers: The DNA strands are synthesized so close to the nanopores that they interfere with the electrical signal of those strands passing through the pore. (ieee.org)
In research described in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , the scientists built the sequencing engine out of seven protein subunits that create a nanopore complex that prevents a synthesized strand from interfering with the nanopores. (ieee.org)
A common method for creating a nanopore involves using lasers to drill holes in silicon wafers. (scienceblogs.com)
Nanopore sequencing involves drawing many single strands of DNA through a two-nanometer diameter pore in an otherwise tightly sealed lipid membrane separating two small liquid filled containers. (harvard.edu)
In spite of the strong evidence we published in our 1996 PNAS paper, many readers initially doubted that we had in fact electrophoretically drawn a single polymer of nucleic acid through a nanopore. (harvard.edu)
Furthermore, even after overcoming doubts about pulling DNA or RNA through a nanopore, a good scientist could foresee there would be many other problems to be overcome. (harvard.edu)

These RNA strands self assemble into incredibly dense crystalline microspheres, which resist degradation, are efficiently taken up into cells, and then are simply chopped up by the cell's own enzymes into vast numbers of active siRNAs. (genengnews.com)

With this protein, the pore size is closer to the diameter of DNA. (scienceblogs.com)
Even though DNA can pass through nano pores of alpha-hemolysin, the shape of still presents certain challenges with respect to how DNA moves through the pore. (scienceblogs.com)

Such a diagnostic would still require separate work and probably involve collecting saliva or a nasal sample from a patient to be mixed with the team's modified Cas12a2 protein, the piece of guide RNA that acts like a mugshot to identify a specific virus, and a fluorescent probe designed to light up when its single-stranded DNA gets cut. (sciencedaily.com)

For several years, Lu's lab has been working on ways to use DNA to store information such as memory of cellular events. (scienceblog.com)
Normal cellular ageing involves the shortening of telomeres in each cell division. (lu.se)
Ribonucleic Acid or RNA is similar in structure to DNA but is involved in very different cellular functions. (cdc.gov)

But now a new technique, invented by a team of researchers led by assistant professor Francesco Stellacci in MIT's Department of Materials Science and Engineering, could shorten microarray production time to mere hours and make DNA analysis as inexpensive and common as a blood test. (technologyreview.com)
Working out of two labs run by Stellacci in Building 13 on the third floor, the researchers started with master microarrays spotted with single strands of DNA and a solution containing those strands' complements. (technologyreview.com)
The new DNA writing technique, which the researchers call HiSCRIBE, is much more efficient than previously developed systems for editing DNA in bacteria, which had a success rate of only about 1 in 10,000 cells per generation. (scienceblog.com)
In each generation, out of 10,000 E. coli cells, only one would acquire the new DNA that the researchers tried to incorporate into the cells. (scienceblog.com)
In the new study, the researchers tried to boost the efficiency of the process by eliminating some of E. coli' s defense mechanisms against single-stranded DNA. (scienceblog.com)
As one example, the researchers showed that they could track a process called bacterial conjugation, during which bacteria exchange pieces of DNA. (scienceblog.com)
The Harvard researchers solved this problem by developing an entirely new approach to the sequencing engine involving a protein-based method for engineering the nanopores. (ieee.org)
In the study, the researchers used the DxSeq capture technology, which involves the use of linear oligonucleotide probes. (genomeweb.com)

He used a single strand of DNA from a bacteria-destroying virus called M13 mp18. (newscientist.com)
Now, a recently discovered CRISPR protein, called Cas12a2, has been found to act as a kind of multi-purpose self-destruct system for bacteria, capable of degrading single-stranded RNA, single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA. (sciencedaily.com)
In a first for the genetic toolset known as CRISPR, a recently discovered protein has been found to act as a kind of multipurpose self-destruct system for bacteria, capable of degrading single-stranded RNA, single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA. (sciencedaily.com)

Since the DSB ends undergo nucleolytic degradation (resection) of their 5′-ending strands, we investigated the contribution of resection in this DSB-induced transcriptional inhibition. (elifesciences.org)

The disorders are characterized by a defect in DNA repair mechanisms or genomic stability, and patients with these disorders show increased predisposition to cancer. (medscape.com)

Produces more DNA than PCR-based methods, by about an order of magnitude. (wikipedia.org)

The neurodegenerative disease protein aprataxin resolves abortive DNA ligation intermediates. (medlineplus.gov)

During the same period, his team also made important discoveries about telomeres-the protective caps, found at the ends of chromosomes, that ensure that DNA replicates properly as cells divide. (harvardmagazine.com)

That could significantly reduce production costs and make DNA microarrays accessible not only to laboratory geneticists but also to health-care providers, fundamentally changing the way doctors diagnose and treat diseases. (technologyreview.com)

Scientists discovered that a well-known DNA repair pathway, the Fanconi anemia pathway, surprisingly plays a key role in repairing double-strand DNA breaks created by CRISPR-Cas9. (sciencedaily.com)
It acts as a traffic cop to steer repair to simple end-joining or to patching the cut with new, single-strand DNA. (sciencedaily.com)
A complementary DNA strand is created to complete the double-strand repair. (sciencedaily.com)
The latter, homology-directed repair, happens more frequently in some types of cells than others, and requires the presence of a piece of DNA that can be used to patch the break. (sciencedaily.com)
Direct reversal of DNA damage is a mechanism of repair that does not require a template and is applied to two main types of damage. (news-medical.net)
Base-excision repair involves the recognition and removal of a single damaged base. (news-medical.net)
The repair of damage to both DNA strands is particularly important in maintaining genomic integrity. (news-medical.net)
In the 1980s, his lab conducted experiments with yeast to understand the genetics and biochemistry of DNA recombination-work that led to the double-strand-break repair model, which describes how long strands of DNA break, swap segments, and then rejoin. (harvardmagazine.com)
ERCC5 makes the 3'incision in DNA nucleotide excision repair (NER) and acts as a cofactor for a DNA glycosylase that removes oxidized pyrimidines from DNA. (nih.gov)
Involved in DNA double-strand break repair (dsbr). (lu.se)
Different parts of the aprataxin protein allow the protein to interact with other DNA repair proteins to make repairs. (medlineplus.gov)
A lack of functional aprataxin disrupts DNA repair and can lead to an accumulation of damage in cells, particularly affecting cells in the part of the brain involved in coordinating movements (the cerebellum). (medlineplus.gov)
Actions of aprataxin in multiple DNA repair pathways. (medlineplus.gov)
This protein plays a pivotal role in DNA recombination and repair. (medscape.com)
Both diseases involve the BRAFT and FANCM complexes, which are important in DNA repair. (medscape.com)

UV light induces the formation of pyrimidine dimers which can distort the DNA chain structure, blocking transcription beyond the area of damage. (news-medical.net)
Instead, the experiments indicate that it is the resection of the DNA around a double-strand break to form single-stranded tails that inhibits transcription in budding yeast. (elifesciences.org)

Here, the strands of the DNA are pulled through nanometer-scale pores in a membrane and the electric field variations of the four nucleic acids-A, C, G, T-are measured. (ieee.org)

Molecular probes can be broadly categorized into DNA probes and RNA probes, cDNA probes, and synthetic oligonucleotide probes. (enzolifesciences.com)

Presumably, this process involves the interaction between the host's bromodomain-containing viroid RNA-binding protein 1 (VIRP1) and the viroid's TR domain (6). (degruyter.com)

Excision is the general mechanism by which repairs are made when one of the double helix strands is damaged. (news-medical.net)

The result is a flat surface made from a long double helix, comprised of the single long strand and more than 200 shorter strands stuck along its length, "stapling" it together at key locations. (newscientist.com)

and proteins from the same stretch of DNA, plays an important role in molecular biology. (news-medical.net)
According to the map's creator, Paul Rothemund at Caltech in Pasadena, US, DNA origami could prove hugely important for building future nano-devices including molecular machines and quantum computer components. (newscientist.com)
Molecular biology aids in drug discovery by identifying potential therapeutic targets and evaluating their efficacy in DNA. (freescience.info)
Molecular biology techniques, such as DNA sequencing and genotyping, have facilitated the identification of genetic variations that impact drug metabolism and efficacy. (freescience.info)

Results obtained from Restriction fragment length polymorphism typing show that the mahority of circulating Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in Sri Lanka belong to a limited number of families, but the degree of IS6160 DNA polymorphism among strains were high. (who.int)

Chemicals and Drugs5

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes5

Molecules18

Sequences19

Genome24

Sequence22

Molecule7

Nucleotides5

Polymerase12

Genes12

SsDNA3

RNAs2

Replication12

Enzyme7

Endonuclease2

Viruses10

Exonuclease2

Gene12

Helicase2

Bases8

Double-strand breaks7

Genetic material1

Exonucleases2

Oligonucleotides1

Replicate3

Mutations4

Amplification5

Genomes3

Homologous1

Nanopore8

Self assemble1

Pore2

Probe1

Cellular3

Researchers8

Bacteria3

Inhibition1

Mechanisms1

Produces1

Intermediates1

Chromosomes1

Microarrays1

Repair15

Transcription2

Nucleic acids1

Oligonucleotide probes1

Process involves1

Excision1

Long strand1

Molecular4

Fragment1