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FractureVertebraeAngulationReductionHealsSurgicalWeaknessSpineShaftDensityAdequateInjuryMinimalLeadSignificantNormalExternalBreakTreatmentExtensorArticularTibialDeformitiesOSTEOPOROSISDiseasesSkeletalDeformityRodsNailsFemoralMedialOsteotomyMineralRefersClinicalOccurPlaceJointBrokenLineSpecificExistsSite

Fracture9

• It often occurs as the result of a surgical complication after a fracture where intramedullary nailing (IMN) occurs, especially in the femur and tibial bones, but can also occur genetically at birth. (wikipedia.org)
• Currently, the utilisation of locked intramedullary nailing, has reduced the occurrence of rotational malalignment during fracture healing, yet femoral malrotation continues to remain very prevalent due to surgeon's inability to reliably restore the pre-injury alignment during operation. (wikipedia.org)
• Elimination of pronation and supination neutralizes deforming forces (eg, brachioradialis) on the fracture fragments. (medscape.com)
• Plain radiographs should always be obtained after splinting to confirm that the fracture fragments are not displaced. (medscape.com)
• This involves removing any scar material that may have developed in thefracture site of a single vertebra, and stabilizing the 2 sides of the fracture to restore normal anatomy. (srs.org)
• A fracture is a break in a bone. (msdmanuals.com)
• A hematoma forms at the fracture site, and a small amount of bone in the distal fracture fragments is resorbed. (msdmanuals.com)
• If a fracture line is not evident initially (eg, in some nondisplaced fractures), one typically becomes evident about 1 week after the injury as this small amount of bone is resorbed. (msdmanuals.com)
• The reparative phase ends with clinical union of the fracture (ie, when there is no pain at fracture site, the injured extremity can be used without pain, and clinical examination detects no bone movement). (msdmanuals.com)

Vertebrae3

• For a majority of children and adults, fusing the fifth lumbar vertebra to the sacrum (the most common vertebrae involved in adolescents with spondylolisthesis) is the preferred surgical option.The fusion involves removing the loose bony fragments and placing bone graft that will lead to the 2 vertebrae "fusing together' to prevent any further slippage. (srs.org)
• Specially designed screws and rods may be needed to hold the vertebrae in place to help the two bones fuse together. (srs.org)
• The "cage" is filled with bone matter and placed in the disc space between the two vertebrae to increase the likelihood of fusion. (srs.org)

Angulation1

• If there is any residual angulation after bone union, there is spontaneous correction. (biomedcentral.com)

Reduction1

• For femoral or tibial malrotation, many surgeons use the patient's ankle or patella to symmetrically align them with the injured side or to the floor but this method does not consider the position of the proximal fragment and could be moved during reduction attempts. (wikipedia.org)

Heals2

• Bone malrotation refers to the situation that results when a bone heals out of rotational alignment from another bone, or part of bone. (wikipedia.org)
• Bone heals at various rates, depending on the patient's age and coexisting disorders. (msdmanuals.com)

Surgical1

• Treatment can include an osteotomy, a major surgical procedure where bones are cut and realigned correctly, or compensatory methods, where individuals learn to externally or internally rotate their limb to compensate for the rotation. (wikipedia.org)

Weakness1

• Certain ethic groups, like Alaskan Indians, are prone to spondylolysis due to a genetic weakness to the bone. (srs.org)

Spine1

• Spondylolysis results when cracks or fractures occur in the pars interarticularis, the portion of the lumbar spine that joins the upper and lower joints together of a single vertebra (individual bone in the spine). (srs.org)

Shaft2

• The physis responds to such malalignment by differential growth, which aligns the shaft perpendicular to the major joint reaction forces [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
• Fractures of the tibial shaft and plateau may lead to subsequent lower extremity malalignment. (medscape.com)

Density2

• Osteoporosis Osteoporosis is a progressive metabolic bone disease that decreases bone mineral density (bone mass per unit volume), with deterioration of bone structure. (msdmanuals.com)
• We build almost all our bone density and strength when we're children and teens. (orthofixkids.com)

Adequate1

• Historically, bone malrotation occurred due to a lack of adequate treatment measures, where fixation methods such as traction, casting and non-locked nails provided poor torsional stability. (wikipedia.org)

Injury2

• Bone malrotation predominantly occurs after an injury where a bone is fractured, however malrotation can genetically occur during foetal development. (wikipedia.org)
• Normally, bone damaged by microtrauma from moderate force self-repairs during periods of rest, but repeated application of force to the same location predisposes to further injury and causes the microtrauma to propagate. (msdmanuals.com)

Minimal1

• Pathologic fractures occur when mild or minimal force fractures an area of bone weakened by a disorder (eg, osteoporosis, cancer, infection, bone cyst). (msdmanuals.com)

Lead1

• The severity of this complication is often neglected due to its complexity to detect and treat, yet if left untreated, bone malrotation can significantly impact regular bodily functioning, and even lead to severe arthritis. (wikipedia.org)

Significant2

• Femoral malrotation is the most significant bone malrotation issue, and these errors cause cosmetic problems but can also cause drastic physical problems. (wikipedia.org)
• Most fractures result from a single, significant force applied to normal bone. (msdmanuals.com)

Normal1

• The normal process of bone remodeling in the diaphysis and metaphysis of a growing child may realign initially malunited fragments. (biomedcentral.com)

External1

• In order to measure femoral malalignment, many doctors will compare the internal and external rotation of both hips, while the patient is supine or prone, and a change in a patient's range of movement indicates malrotation. (wikipedia.org)

Break1

• It's easy to take our bones for granted, but they can break, and they take time to heal - even when we are young. (orthofixkids.com)

Treatment1

• However, while clinical assessment can indicate the direction of malrotation, it often reports inaccurate measurements of the degree of malalignment, so it is unreliable in determining the potential impacts and necessary treatment methods. (wikipedia.org)

Extensor1

• Tibial tubercle osteotomy is a technique gaining popularity in knee revision surgery which allows exposure and access to the medullary canal of the tibia, with reduced risk of extensor lag compared to techniques involving the quadriceps [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Articular1

• Compared to adults, children have a different fulcrum because of a relatively large head, the vertebrae are not completely ossified, and the ligaments are firmly attached to articular bone surfaces that are more horizontal, making the pathophysiology of injury in children different from that in adults. (medscape.com)

Tibial3

• For femoral or tibial malrotation, many surgeons use the patient's ankle or patella to symmetrically align them with the injured side or to the floor but this method does not consider the position of the proximal fragment and could be moved during reduction attempts. (wikipedia.org)
• Tibial fractures are broken bones in the tibia, the largest bone in the lower leg. (lookformedical.com)
• Fractures of the tibial shaft and plateau may lead to subsequent lower extremity malalignment. (medscape.com)

Deformities1

• Deformities encountered in HV surgery involve the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint. (medscape.com)

OSTEOPOROSIS5

• An imbalance in the regulation of bone remodeling's two contrasting events, bone resorption and bone formation, results in many of the metabolic bone diseases, such as OSTEOPOROSIS. (lookformedical.com)
• Bone density is an important predictor for OSTEOPOROSIS. (lookformedical.com)
• NIH Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases National Resource Center. (ezpostltd.com)
• Pathologic fractures occur when mild or minimal force fractures an area of bone weakened by a disorder (eg, osteoporosis, cancer, infection, bone cyst). (msdmanuals.com)
• Osteoporosis Osteoporosis is a progressive metabolic bone disease that decreases bone mineral density (bone mass per unit volume), with deterioration of bone structure. (msdmanuals.com)

Diseases1

• Diseases of BONES. (lookformedical.com)

Skeletal1

• If spinal malalignment is identified, place the patient in skeletal traction with tongs as soon as possible (with very few exceptions), even if no evidence of neurologic deficit exists. (medscape.com)

Deformity2

• Hallux valgus (HV), with its accompanying bunion, is a common deformity of the forefoot involving the first ray, with first-phalanx abduction and pronation, as well as first-metatarsal (MT) adduction, pronation, and elevation, along with capsular and ligamentous derangement. (medscape.com)
• The deformity may involve all of these levels, and such involvement can affect the success of a chosen operation. (medscape.com)

Rods2

• It usually occurs during a surgery which involves intramedullary nailing, which is the insertion of metal rods and nails to stabilise bones. (wikipedia.org)
• Rods of bone, metal, or other material used for fixation of the fragments or ends of fractured bones. (lookformedical.com)

Nails1

• Historically, bone malrotation occurred due to a lack of adequate treatment measures, where fixation methods such as traction, casting and non-locked nails provided poor torsional stability. (wikipedia.org)

Femoral2

• Femoral malrotation is the most significant bone malrotation issue, and these errors cause cosmetic problems but can also cause drastic physical problems. (wikipedia.org)
• In order to measure femoral malalignment, many doctors will compare the internal and external rotation of both hips, while the patient is supine or prone, and a change in a patient's range of movement indicates malrotation. (wikipedia.org)

Medial1

• The osteotome is passed through the medial cortical bone, the cancellous bone and partially through the lateral cortical bone (Figure 2 ). (biomedcentral.com)

Osteotomy1

• Treatment can include an osteotomy, a major surgical procedure where bones are cut and realigned correctly, or compensatory methods, where individuals learn to externally or internally rotate their limb to compensate for the rotation. (wikipedia.org)

Mineral2

• The continuous turnover of BONE MATRIX and mineral that involves first an increase in BONE RESORPTION (osteoclastic activity) and later, reactive BONE FORMATION (osteoblastic activity). (lookformedical.com)
• The amount of mineral per square centimeter of BONE. (lookformedical.com)

Refers1

• This often refers to the weight-bearing bones or joints that support the body's weight, especially those in the spine, hip, knee, and foot. (lookformedical.com)

Clinical2

• The utilisation of both radiological and clinical assessment techniques to compare with an injured limb would also help prevent bone malrotation, however these can be difficult and inexact methods of assessment, which is why complications are so common. (wikipedia.org)
• However, while clinical assessment can indicate the direction of malrotation, it often reports inaccurate measurements of the degree of malalignment, so it is unreliable in determining the potential impacts and necessary treatment methods. (wikipedia.org)

Occur2

• Bone malrotation predominantly occurs after an injury where a bone is fractured, however malrotation can genetically occur during foetal development. (wikipedia.org)
• MRI can show whether there has been damage to the bone, which can occur in later stages of the disease. (ezpostltd.com)

Place1

• The process of bone remodeling takes place in the adult skeleton at discrete foci. (lookformedical.com)

Joint1

• Cysts at the far joint of the finger frequently have an arthritic bone spur associated with them, the overlaying skin may become thin, and there may be a lengthwise groove in the fingernail just beyond the cyst. (traversohand.com)

Broken2

• The overlying skin is disrupted, and the broken bone is in communication with the environment via a skin wound. (msdmanuals.com)
• In the remodeling stage, the callus, which was originally cartilaginous, becomes ossified, and the bone is broken down and rebuilt (remodeled). (msdmanuals.com)

Line1

• Displacement of bones out of line in relation to joints. (lookformedical.com)

Specific1

• Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES. (lookformedical.com)

Exists1

• Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. (lookformedical.com)

Site1

• The grafting of bone from a donor site to a recipient site. (lookformedical.com)