Involve the growth plate occurs growth plate. Medical search. Frequent questions

Growth plate (physeal) fractures may be defined as disruptions in the cartilaginous physis of long bones that may or may not involve epiphyseal or metaphyseal bone. (medscape.com)
It is essential to keep in mind that with growth plate fractures, as with real estate, the most important datum is location, and timing is the key to treatment. (medscape.com)
The treating provider needs to know which fractures are likely to remodel (usually those with angulation in the plane of joint motion) and which are unlikely to remodel (eg, fractures with rotational deformity, joint incongruity, or physeal stepoff, as well as those occurring in patients near skeletal maturity). (medscape.com)
Fractures in the metaphysis, closer to the growth plate, remodel more reliably than those in the diaphysis do. (medscape.com)
Approximately 10% of all fractures in kids involve the epiphyseal complex. (virtualpediatrichospital.org)
1 About 15% of fractures of children involve the growth plate. (radsource.us)
Stress fractures - hairline breaks resulting from repeated stress on the bone - often occur in adolescents engaged in athletics, especially when the intensity of training suddenly changes. (haysfootdoctor.com)
Below are some of the most common tibia and fibula fractures that occur in children. (web.app)
Fractures occur in a variety of patterns depending on the cause of the injury and the health of the bone structure. (hebervalleymedical.com)
Fractures that include a child's growth plate are much more likely to require surgical intervention. (hebervalleymedical.com)
More severe fractures, especially those involving joints and growth plates, can take up to three months or more for full healing to occur. (hebervalleymedical.com)
Greenstick fractures occur most often during infancy and childhood when bones are soft. (passmed.uk)
Fractures involved cracked, broken or shattered bone. (mocnyc.com)
Whether the fractures are considered as simple, which involves several breakages that is about two to three pieces, or comminuted when the bone is shattered into many fragments, it should be taken care of in a prompt and careful manner. (dogsaholic.com)
Greenstick fractures are fractures where the involved bone is still intact but has a crack. (dogsaholic.com)
Compound fractures are defined as broken bones that involve the skin, where the bone punctures and is exposed. (dogsaholic.com)
Fractures where significant soft tissue damage may have occurred. (healthaffaircare.com)

Growth plates are the areas of developing cartilage where bone growth occurs in children. (txortho.com)
Multiple exostoses - multiple overgrowths of cartilage that occur at the end of the growth plate. (wikidoc.org)
Growth impairment occurs due to the deposition and retention of GAGs in bone and cartilage. (nih.gov)
The accumulation of GAGs in these tissues leads to progressive damage in cartilage that in turn reduces bone growth by destruction of the growth plate, incomplete ossification, and imbalance of growth. (nih.gov)
Growth plate cartilage in children is less able to resist stress when compared to articular cartilage in adults. (physio-pedia.com)
1 Subclass 1B occurs in children with systemic disorders affecting endochondral ossification in the metaphysis (myeloproliferative, thalassemia or neuromuscular sensory disorders) so that the fracture passes through the zones of degenerating cartilage and primary spongiosa. (radsource.us)
All growing bones have sensitive spots called growth centers that are filled with cartilage until the bone takes its final shape. (scottishriteforchildren.org)
Achondroplasia is caused by a mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 ( FGFR3 ) gene that results in inhibited mineralization of chondrocytes (cartilage cells) in the growth plate (growing tissue near the ends of the long bones). (medscape.com)

The epiphyseal complex, including the epiphysis, physis, and metaphysis is very susceptible to injury in children because the ligamentous and capsular structures around a joint are 2-5 times stronger than the most vulnerable part of the growth plate. (virtualpediatrichospital.org)
Injuries to the extremities of children frequently involve the physis, partially because the ligaments and joint capsule can be 5 times stronger than the growth plate. (radsource.us)
Displacement is frequently prevented by an intact periosteal attachment into the zone of Ranvier, the region responsible for peripheral growth of the physis. (radsource.us)
A fat-suppressed T2-weighted coronal image of a SH 1 fracture through the distal femoral physis demonstrating increased signal intensity (arrowheads) in the growth plate relative to the tibial growth plate. (radsource.us)
Sometimes they may also involve the fracture of the growth plate (physis) located at each end of the tibia. (web.app)
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is a disorder of the adolescent hip in which the upper part of the femur (head) slips through the growth plate (physis) and results in displacement of the overlying head on the neck of the femur. (luriechildrens.org)
These injuries can involve neurovascular structures, muscle-tendon units, bursae, bones, and the physis (growth plate) in pediatric athletes. (christopherowensmd.com)
Bone growth occurs at a physis, which is also called a growth plate . (eorthopod.com)

Coronal (2A) and sagittal (2B) fat-suppressed proton density-weighted images of the knee reveal high signal intensity at the mid to lateral growth plate (arrowheads) with a triangular fracture of the medial metaphysis (arrow), indicating a Salter-Harris type 2 fracture. (radsource.us)
The Salter-Harris system was expanded and modified by Ogden in 1981 to account for more complicated combination injuries as well as injury to other growth mechanisms including the metaphysis, diaphysis, periosteum, zone of Ranvier and epiphyseal perichondrium. (radsource.us)
The Salter-Harris 1 (SH 1) fracture extends through the growth plate, leaving the resting and dividing cell layers attached to the epiphysis. (radsource.us)
Radiographs are indicated in all children to rule out a Salter-Harris fracture involving the growth plate. (aafp.org)
What starts as a stress fracture ends as what's called a Salter-Harris fracture, where the fracture involves the growth plate of the bone. (drjuliansaunders.com)

citation needed] Type II: The articular surface of the tibia remains intact and the fracture occurs at the junction where the secondary center of ossification and the proximal tibial epiphysis come together (may or may not require surgery). (wikipedia.org)
An exception can occur in the proximal femur if the major blood supply to the epiphysis is disrupted which can lead to osteonecrosis, premature physeal closure and severe growth deformity. (radsource.us)
All osteochondroses involve a defect in ossification at either the bone epiphysis (growing plate), the joint surface itself, or at an apophysis (bony projection). (patient.info)
Sever's disease occurs when part of the child's heel known as the growth plate (calcaneal epiphysis) is attached to the Achilles tendon. (afdrs.com)
A careful review should include growth plate thickness, the deviation of epiphysis from the metaphysis, as well as any possible variation from the contralateral epiphysis. (dogsaholic.com)
Veterinarians can also observe swelling that involves the soft tissues that signifies trauma if it has occurred to near the location of the epiphysis or growth plate. (dogsaholic.com)

These clinical presentations usually involve skeletal dysplasia, in which the most common feature is bone growth impairment and successive short stature. (nih.gov)
This area can suffer injury when the muscles and tendons of the growing foot do not keep pace with bone growth. (afdrs.com)
Therapy adopted was an occlusal splint with occlusal adjustments in centric performed every fifteen days in order not to impair bone growth and eruption of permanent teeth. (bvsalud.org)

When there is doubt, the injury should usually be considered a physeal or growth plate injury because of the potential for serious long-term complications (including growth arrest or deformity) with an occult physeal injury. (medscape.com)
When growth deformity is possible, the treating provider must predict the degree of expected remodeling, and this requires an understanding of the specific fracture. (medscape.com)
This deformity may occur due to an irregular growth plate in the finger bone. (rebelviral.com)
an asymmetrical disorder of proximal tibial growth that produces deformity, particularly tibia vara (also known as genu varus and bow-leggedness). (patient.info)
Injuries that made lead to pain, deformity, or swelling near the base of a long bone of a young dog or a puppy may indicate a probable fracture or epiphyseal plate injury. (dogsaholic.com)
A physeal-sparing technique may be recommended where the physes in the tibia and femur are left undisturbed avoiding complications such as growth disturbance or angular deformity. (plutoacl.org)

There are two types of growth plates: the epiphyses, which are at the ends of bones and provide longitudinal growth, and the apophyses, which are at the points of muscle attachments. (medscape.com)
The bones involved in ankle articulation are the distal tibia and fibula, including the malleoli and the talus. (aafp.org)
It arises from primitive mesenchymal bone forming cells and frequently involves long bones near the metaphyseal growth plate. (bvsalud.org)
Sever's disease is most prevalent during periods of rapid growth when the bones and muscles develop at different rates. (afdrs.com)
Dogs, especially those that are less than a year old has a soft spot near the ends of long bones where skeletal growth takes place. (dogsaholic.com)
We offer treatment options that will minimize risks associated with growth in skeletally immature patients and patients whose bones are still growing. (scottishriteforchildren.org)
The surgeon may use pins, plates, and screws to hold the bones in place while they heal. (healthaffaircare.com)
This surgical procedure allows a doctor to restore the natural position of fractured bones without disrupting growth in children, and it can help prevent arthritis from developing as you age. (healthaffaircare.com)
Radial Head Subluxation (Nursemaid's Elbow) Elbow dislocations occur when the lower end of the upper arm bone (humerus) loses contact with the tops (heads) of the forearm bones (radius and ulna). (msdmanuals.com)
In a child or adolescent, such tunnels may damage the physes or growth plates (areas at the ends of long bones where growth is still occurring). (plutoacl.org)
The rapid growth of bones and muscles can lead to tension and stress on the heel's growth plate, resulting in pain and discomfort. (nyfootdoctor.net)

Children and adolescents involved in soccer, track, or basketball are especially vulnerable. (haysfootdoctor.com)
With children, the standard and effective surgery for such an injury in adults poses a greater risk for children and adolescents who have not finished growing because it involves drilling into a growth plate, an area of still-developing tissue at the end of the leg bone. (newyorkinjuries.com)
inflammation of the calcaneal apophysis which occurs in children and adolescents. (patient.info)
Sever's disease , also known as calcaneal apophysitis, is a prevalent heel condition that mainly affects children and adolescents during their growth spurts. (nyfootdoctor.net)

Although not a true "disease," it is an inflammation of the heel's growth plate due to muscle strain and repetitive stress, especially in those who are active or obese. (haysfootdoctor.com)
Because the heel's growth plate is sensitive to repeated running and pounding on hard surfaces, pediatric heel pain often reflects overuse. (haysfootdoctor.com)

This condition occurs when the growth plate at the back of the heel bone becomes inflamed due to repetitive stress and tension. (afdrs.com)
It occurs when the growth plate in the heel becomes inflamed due to repetitive stress from physical activities. (spartanpodiatry.com)

citation needed] Sinding-Larsen and Johansson syndrome, is an analogous condition involving the patellar tendon and the lower margin of the patella bone, instead of the upper margin of the tibia. (wikipedia.org)
This uneven growth pattern makes younger athletes more susceptible to muscle, tendon, and growth plate injuries. (txortho.com)
Fourth, if the patient heard a popping or snapping noise at the time of the injury, a partial- or full-tendon rupture may have occurred. (aafp.org)
This inflammation of the tendon usually occurs in children over the age of 14. (haysfootdoctor.com)
Another procedure may involve releasing the tendon and soft tissue to restore joint stability. (rebelviral.com)
The disease occurs when the Achilles tendon pulls on the growth plate and causes pain and swelling. (crimecitycentral.com)
Achilles tendinitis occurs as a result of repetitive stress to the tendon and is common among runners. (christopherowensmd.com)

The fracture is not always perfectly transverse but can undulate so that microscopic involvement of the metaphysis can occur. (radsource.us)

Patella dislocation occurs when the kneecap is knocked off to the side of the joint. (mocnyc.com)
Because patellofemoral pain inhibits the quadriceps muscle (the major muscle in front of the thigh) from doing its "job" of unloading stress on the kneecap, once pain occurs, it often progresses. (hss.edu)

The diagnosis that determines epiphyseal plate fracture is sometimes considered as difficult, because the displacement is sometimes minimal and even absent. (dogsaholic.com)
Radiologists need to be aware that additional eosinophilic granuloma of bone, occurring as long as 4 years after initial diagnosis, should be interpreted as a localized form of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. (medscape.com)

Sever's disease is one of most common causes of heel pain in children, and often occurs during adolescence when children hit a growth spurt. (aaos.org)
Also known as an osteochondrosis or apophysitis, Sever's disease is an inflammatory condition of the growth plate in the heel bone (calcaneus). (aaos.org)
Sever's disease, also known as calcaneal apophysitis, is a painful condition in which the growth plate of the heel bone is irritated. (crimecitycentral.com)
Treatment for Sever's disease involves icing the affected area, taking rest breaks, and wearing supportive shoes or boots. (crimecitycentral.com)
Sever's disease , also known as calcaneal apophysitis, is a common condition affecting young athletes, particularly those engaged in activities that involve running and jumping. (afdrs.com)
Recognizing the connection between growth spurts and heel pain can prompt early intervention and management of Sever's disease to ensure a smoother path toward physical activity and development. (afdrs.com)
Sever's disease often occurs in children and teens. (afdrs.com)
Common among active children during growth spurts, Sever's disease typically causes heel pain, particularly during exercise. (spartanpodiatry.com)
Sever's disease is more common in active youngsters, particularly those involved in sports with repetitive impact on the heel. (nyfootdoctor.net)

This results in inflammation (swelling) in the growth plate which causes heel pain. (aaos.org)
Prostaglandins are involved in regulating inflammation, blood clotting, and smooth muscle contraction, while leukotrienes are primarily associated with allergic and inflammatory reactions. (proprofs.com)
Contrary to its name, it's not an actual disease, but rather an overuse injury characterized by inflammation of the growth plate in the heel bone, or calcaneus. (nyfootdoctor.net)

These deformities are not only disorders of embryologic induction but also disorders of cellular migration and include the secondary mechanical complications that occur with an unprotected nervous system. (medscape.com)
Treating neuropathic foot ulcers involves several strategies to ensure successful healing and avoid complications. (texasfootworks.com)

Intense knee pain is usually the presenting symptom that occurs during activities such as running, jumping, lifting things, squatting, and especially ascending or descending stairs and during kneeling. (wikipedia.org)
In many cases, injuries involve more than one structure in the knee. (choa.org)
Jumper's knee usually affects children and teens who play sports that involve a lot of jumping, squatting, climbing and running, including track and field, basketball, volleyball, gymnastics, running and soccer. (choa.org)
The most common overuse injuries involve the knee and foot. (txortho.com)
There are two different options you have after a torn ligament in the knee has occurred, you can undergo surgery or let the ligament heal naturally. (ipl.org)
Iliotibial band syndrome occurs when the iliotibial band and the lower outside portion of the thigh bone at the knee joint rub against each other. (christopherowensmd.com)
Runner's knee involves a number of medical conditions such as anterior knee pain syndrome, patellofemoral malalignment, and chondromalacia patella that all cause pain around the front of the knee. (christopherowensmd.com)
Knee sprains involve damage to the ligaments. (mocnyc.com)
Knee strains are similar to sprains and occur when a child partially tears a ligament. (mocnyc.com)
An ACL tear often occurs with a history of twisting the knee while running or making a sudden change in direction. (scottishriteforchildren.org)
Surgery may involve reconstruction or the repair of other tissues inside the knee joint. (scottishriteforchildren.org)

Repetitive stress can lead to injury of the growth plate and disrupt the normal growth of the bone. (txortho.com)
Running, jumping, and being active lead to repetitive stress on the growth plate as the foot strikes the ground. (aaos.org)

The pain is typically worse during activities that involve walking or running. (crimecitycentral.com)
Overuse injuries are often sports-related, and seen in tennis, swimming, soccer, and other activities that involve repetitive motions. (christopherowensmd.com)

The growth plates are weaker than the nearby ligaments and tendons. (txortho.com)
During periods of rapid growth in children, bone lengthens before the muscles and tendons have time to stretch and develop the necessary strength and coordination to control this new longer bone. (physio-pedia.com)
Those surgeons who do operate are developing new and technically demanding methods to repair ACL tears in children, drilling holes to create little tunnels in bone that is already finished growing and threading tendons around the growth plate. (newyorkinjuries.com)

It is also useful to monitor a child's growth. (physio-pedia.com)

Widening and abnormal signal intensity across the growth plate of the proximal humerus, indicating little league shoulder, a variation of a SH 1 fracture. (radsource.us)

We have also demonstrated that hemogenic endothelium is derived from one specific embryonic tissue (lateral plate mesoderm). (ca.gov)

This usually occurs with excessive training, intense running, or poor shoe support. (christopherowensmd.com)
It usually occurs on just one side, causing a flattened forehead, raised eyebrow, and prominent ear on that side. (medlineplus.gov)

21 young (8 weeks of age) and 15 adult (16 weeks of age) C57/BL/6 female mice were used{rodents retain a cartilagenous template post growth plate cessation however if LSJL still involves differentiation of stem cells into chondrocytes then it can still work in human adult mice it'll just be harder as mice already have a cartilagenous matrix to work with. (heightquest.com)

The precise etiology and the specific genes that may be involved during this abnormal neural ontogenesis have not yet been elucidated. (medscape.com)
Osteochondrosis results from abnormal development, injury, or overuse of the growth plate and surrounding ossification centres. (patient.info)
The primary toxicological effect of absorbed excess strontium in laboratory animals is abnormal skeletal development (rickets), which occurs only at relatively high oral doses. (cdc.gov)

Hypertrophic Zone of Epiphyseal Plate.jpg. (web.app)

Racquet sports (tennis, racquetball, squash, badminton, and paddle tennis) are sports of speed and agility and involve athletes of all ages. (healthychildren.org)
[ 8 ] Injuries to the growth plates in young athletes has been increasing over the past 70 years. (medscape.com)
It commonly occurs in athletes, cyclists, and runners. (christopherowensmd.com)

In SCFE, the top of the ball slips off the rest of the femur through the growth plate. (luriechildrens.org)
In adults, reconstruction of the ACL involves passing a soft tissue graft through tunnels drilled into the shinbone (tibia) and thighbone (femur). (plutoacl.org)

Until then, new bone is forming at the growth plate (the apophysis), a weak area located at the back of the heel. (haysfootdoctor.com)

Overuse injuries occur gradually over time, when an athletic activity is repeated so often, areas of the body do not have enough time to heal between playing. (txortho.com)
Overuse injuries occur in a wide range of sports. (txortho.com)
Overuse injuries occur in a wide range of sports, from baseball and basketball to track, soccer, and gymnastics. (aaos.org)
Where Do Overuse Injuries Occur Most Frequently? (christopherowensmd.com)

The underlying mechanism is repeated tension on the growth plate of the upper tibia. (wikipedia.org)
OBQ05.216) A 30-year-old patient sustains a comminuted tibia fracture and is treated with minimally invasive plating, shown in Figure A. The patient returns to the office 2 weeks after the surgery and reports persistent numbness over most of the dorsum of the foot, but motor exam is normal. (web.app)

Rickets is an entity in which mineralization is decreased at the level of the growth plates, resulting in growth retardation and delayed skeletal development. (medscape.com)

Third, if the patient is a child or adolescent with open growth plates, the chances of a growth plate fracture are higher, and casting may be required. (aafp.org)
Osteosarcoma is a frequently occurring primary skeletal malignancy in the adolescent population. (bvsalud.org)

The etiology of bruxism is not completely elucidated 10 and may involve local, systemic and psychological factors, or be related to sleep disorders 7 . (bvsalud.org)

Bone Size: More LSJL studies on longitudinal growth! (heightquest.com)

Injuries to the physes are more likely to occur in an active pediatric population than sprains or ligament injuries are, in part because the ligaments and joint capsules have greater structural strength and integrity than the growth plates do. (medscape.com)
Growth plate injuries can usually be distinguished from sprains on clinical examination, where the growth plate injury is tender over the bone and the sprain is tender over the joint itself. (medscape.com)
However, Boutis et al did demonstrate, at least in the ankle, that with negative radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) consistently demonstrates sprains instead of growth plate injuries. (medscape.com)

Without treatment, there may be a poor prognosis, especially in young children due to the growth spurt and the early fusion of the growth plate occurring from the ages of 6 to 8. (patient.info)

This differentiation is important because the prognosis is more favorable with focal disease with multifocal disseminated disease, which involves organs other than the skeletal system. (medscape.com)

One goal of this work is to gain insight into the many human genetic disorders that cause childhood growth failure and overgrowth. (nih.gov)

However, irritation of the growth plates in the elbow can occur. (healthychildren.org)

involves the capitulum of the distal humerus. (patient.info)

This can cause formation of an osseous bridge after growth of the secondary center reaches the damaged area. (radsource.us)
When multiple lesions occur, the new osseous lesions appear within 1-2 years, and the condition is still classified as eosinophilic granuloma. (medscape.com)

If left untreated, skeletal abnormalities including growth impairment result in a significant impact on these patients' quality of life and activity of daily living, leading to high morbidity and severe handicap. (nih.gov)

We are especially interested in mechanisms that allow rapid cell proliferation and hence rapid body growth in young mammals and subsequently suppress proliferation, thus setting a fundamental limit on the adult body size of the species. (nih.gov)
The deceleration in body growth is due primarily to a progressive decline in cell proliferation, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. (nih.gov)
For the downregulated genes in the program, gene ontology analyses indicated strong overrepresentation of genes implicated in cell growth/ proliferation (see reference 2). (nih.gov)
Taken together, the findings imply that the multi-organ postnatal genetic program involves the downregulation of many genes, some of which are required for rapid proliferation in early life, supporting the hypothesis that part of this program contributes to growth deceleration. (nih.gov)

Congenital deformities involving the coverings of the nervous system are called neural tube defects (NTDs). (medscape.com)
A type 1 excludes note indicates that the code excluded should never be used at the same time as S82.A type 1 excludes note is for used for when two conditions cannot occur together, such as a congenital form versus an acquired form of the same condition. (web.app)

However, pediatric heel pain may be the sign of many other problems and can occur at younger or older ages. (haysfootdoctor.com)
Pediatric heel pain differs from the most common form of heel pain experienced by adults (plantar fasciitis) in the way pain occurs. (haysfootdoctor.com)
Too much stress on the growth plate is the most common cause of pediatric heel pain. (haysfootdoctor.com)

Occur when there is a failure of the bone - a bone fragment is: "pulled away from its main body by soft tissue that is attached to it. (physio-pedia.com)

Multiple classification systems followed, leading to the Salter and Harris system in 1963 which was based on radiographic appearance and the prognosis for growth disturbance. (radsource.us)

Wound care is essential, involving regular cleansing, dead tissue removal, and proper dressing application to help prevent infections. (texasfootworks.com)
In addition, further investigation of the identified growth-limiting mechanisms may lead to broader medical applications, because disruption of these mechanisms may contribute to oncogenesis, and conversely transient therapeutic suspension of growth-limiting mechanisms in adult cells might be used to achieve tissue regeneration. (nih.gov)
METHODS: Deaths that occurred between December 2016 and December 2021 were investigated with MITS, including culture for bacteria of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), multipathogen polymerase chain reaction on blood, CSF, and lung tissue and histopathology of lung, liver, and brain. (cdc.gov)

Many deaths, especially from bone cancer, have occurred in humans following long-term oral exposure to radium-226 and radium-228. (cdc.gov)

Most malformations, especially those such as neural tube defects, occur early in embryogenesis and are likely the result of aberrant expression of a yet undefined developmental gene or family of genes. (medscape.com)

It occurs when injured muscles swell so much that they cut off their blood supply. (msdmanuals.com)

By definition, rickets is found only in children prior to the closure of the growth plates, while osteomalacia occurs in persons of any age. (medscape.com)

When an injury occurs, it is important to accurately describe how it happened to the doctor. (mocnyc.com)
When the injury occurs from direct contact with another player, the injury is more difficult to prevent. (scottishriteforchildren.org)

Children appear to be more prone to growth plate injuries during periods of rapid growth (see Table 1). (physio-pedia.com)

This course is designed for all healthcare professionals involved in the care of pediatric patients, especially those in trauma care centers. (netce.com)

Anatomy20

Organisms2

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs18

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment4

Phenomena and Processes8

Disciplines and Occupations1

Fractures17

Cartilage8

Physis8

Salter Harris5

Epiphysis6

Bone growth3

Deformity6

Bones11

Adolescents4

Heel's growth plate2

Becomes inflamed due to repetitive stress2

Tendon7

Metaphysis1

Kneecap2

Diagnosis2

Sever's9

Inflammation3

Complications2

Knee11

Repetitive stress2

Activities that involve2

Tendons3

Child's growth1

Proximal1

Lateral1

Usually occurs2

Chondrocytes1

Abnormal3

Epiphyseal Plate1

Athletes3

Femur2

Apophysis1

Overuse injuries4

Tibia2

Skeletal development1

Adolescent2

Systemic1

Longitudinal growth1

Sprains3

Spurt1

Differentiation1

Disorders1

Elbow1

Distal1

Osseous2

Severe1

Proliferation4

Congenital2

Heel3

Soft tissue1

Prognosis1

Tissue3

Humans1

Embryogenesis1

Muscles1

Rickets1

Injury occurs2

Periods of rapid growth1

Pediatric patients1