Involuntary muscle spasticity. Medical search. Frequent questions

Christine K. Thomas, Ph.D. , Professor, Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project recently published a paper in Frontiers in Neuroscience titled Characterization of Involuntary Contractions after Spinal Cord Injury Reveals Associations between Physiological and Self-Reported Measures of Spasticity. (themiamiproject.org)
Dr. Thomas and her team found that strong, short duration muscle spasms during transfers were related to high self-reported spasm frequency, suggesting that injured individuals use the length of the contractions to count spasms. (themiamiproject.org)
A common movement disorder characterized by abnormal muscle contractions. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Dystonia is sustained or intermittent muscle contractions causing abnormal, often repetitive movements or postures. (clevelandclinic.org)
MS can cause increased muscle tone or spasticity, leading to stiffness and involuntary muscle contractions in the legs. (fashionablecanes.com)
Involuntary muscle contractions lead to abnormal postures (Dystonia). (targetals.org)
one of which may be unwanted muscle contractions. (advancedrm.com)
Spasticity is characterized by tightness, rigidity, and involuntary muscle contractions. (scofa.com)
Individuals with neurological conditions often experience involuntary muscle contractions called spasticity. (flintrehab.com)
Spasticity refers to involuntary muscle contractions caused by damage to the brain. (cerebralpalsyguide.com)
Many nervous system illnesses involve symptoms of severe muscle contractions which are usually involuntary in nature. (nutriavenue.com)
In turn, Glycine works in the brain to control sending off of impulses towards muscle areas, thus reducing contractions. (nutriavenue.com)
It involves sudden painful and involuntary contractions of a leg muscle. (anxietyaids.org)

Spasticity is common after spinal cord injury with about half of injured people who experience the increases in muscle tone and reflexes, as well as muscle spasms, find it problematic. (themiamiproject.org)
This study examined relationships between self-report of muscle spasms, physiological spasticity assessments, and involuntary muscle activity (muscle spasms) generated during a typical daily task - a transfer from wheelchair to bed - because people with spinal cord injury often describe their spasms when asked. (themiamiproject.org)
Stronger spasms in all leg muscles, especially in quadriceps versus hamstrings muscles, and ankle flexors versus extensors, were correlated with greater overall spasm severity, which likely results in movement of the legs. (themiamiproject.org)
Even though the team's physiological measurements were not significantly related to the self-reported spasticity, their physiological measurements of both spinal inhibition and motoneuron excitability were related to the duration of the spasms. (themiamiproject.org)
This study is the first to provide evidence of a link between physiological assessments of spasticity and the duration and intensity of the muscle spasms that people experience. (themiamiproject.org)
Spasticity-involuntary muscle stiffness or spasms-is a challenging symptom of MS, but you can manage it. (healthgrades.com)
Syringomyelia: A fluid-filled sac within the spinal cord that can cause spasticity (to have spasms, which are involuntary muscle movements), loss of muscle mass (atrophy) or scoliosis. (choc.org)
This condition may cause pressure on the brain stem and can result in vocal cord weakness, swallowing disturbances, arm weakness and/or involuntary movements (spasms) in the child's legs. (choc.org)
The degree of spasticity varies from mild muscle stiffness to severe, painful, and uncontrollable muscle spasms. (nih.gov)
It may be used to alleviate symptoms such as muscle spasms, pain, and hyperreflexia. (musclerelaxant.org)
Spasmolytics, also known as "centrally acting" muscle relaxants, are used to alleviate musculoskeletal pain and spasms and to reduce spasticity in a variety of neurological conditions. (musclerelaxant.org)
Unlike spasticity, which is a disorder of the CNS, muscle spasms arise from a variety of peripheral musculoskeletal conditions, such as mechanical low back pain. (musclerelaxant.org)
Common skeletal muscle conditions that cause spasms include fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, and mechanical low back or neck pain. (musclerelaxant.org)
Most of the agents discussed here are FDA approved for adjunctive use to treat muscle spasms and pain associated with acute musculoskeletal conditions (Table 4). (musclerelaxant.org)
Affected individuals may have difficulty moving and may experience spasms, jerking, rigidity, or decreased muscle tone. (beds.ac.uk)
This is the involuntary increased tone of muscles leading to stiffness and spasms. (aultcare.com)
He believed that muscle spasms could cause compression or traction to the adjacent pudendal nerve that could account for her ongoing pain despite pudendal nerve decompression. (vignalawgroup.com)
These involuntary muscle spasms or general muscle stiffness usually affects the legs of MS patients. (theneurologygroupmiami.com)
Leg cramps or muscle spasms are common problems that affect the claves, tight muscles, or feet. (anxietyaids.org)
Older adult people in the USA affected by muscle spasms are around 65 to 69 years old. (anxietyaids.org)
Leg spasms, also known as leg cramps, could occur when your muscle involuntary and forcibly contracts uncontrollably and cannot relax. (anxietyaids.org)
Stressing or using a muscle for a long duration can trigger your spasms during or after exertion. (anxietyaids.org)
Some studies believe that dehydration and electrolyte imbalance can also contribute to muscle spasms. (anxietyaids.org)
A certain amount of spasms can be good because they help to maintain muscle tone and to increase blood circulation to the legs. (hollister.co.uk)
They can also show you how to stretch your muscles, exercise them and apply pressure to the limb when it spasms, if needed. (hollister.co.uk)
Marked by muscle stiffness and involuntary spasms or twitches, spasticity is found in about 90% of MS patients. (multiplesclerosisnewstoday.com)

A cross-link forms between actin and myosin, leading to muscle contraction. (musclerelaxant.org)
A muscle spasm is a sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle group that involves jerking and twitching. (musclerelaxant.org)
Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction. (nih.gov)
With muscle contraction comes muscle weakness, since the muscles are unable to stretch or relax. (advancedrm.com)
Botox is an injectable treatment made with the neurotoxin botulinum toxin type A, designed to treat and prevent the formation of dynamic wrinkles by preventing the contraction of facial muscles. (michelegreenmd.com)
It causes involuntary muscle contraction, also known as spasticity, alongside weakness and muscle wasting. (als-curtisvancefoundation.org)
Dystonia is the sustained involuntary muscle contraction that leads to abnormal posture. (vignalawgroup.com)
This does not mean, however, that L-threonine supplementation may stop contraction of involuntary muscle groups such as the heart muscles and other smooth muscles. (nutriavenue.com)
After your spinal cord injury, you may experience spasticity, which is a sudden involuntary contraction of muscles. (hollister.co.uk)
Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction which is often a manifestation of basal ganglia diseases . (lookfordiagnosis.com)
BoNT-A causes degrees of flaccid (rather than rigid or tetanic) paralysis by blocking acetylcholine, required for muscle contraction, from release at the nerve terminal. (medscape.com)

Mobility is further limited by abnormal muscle stiffness (spasticity), muscle weakness, and involuntary movements of the arms and legs. (wikipedia.org)
MS-related fatigue, balance problems, foot numbness , and muscle stiffness or weakness can make walking a challenge. (healthgrades.com)
Common symptoms include fatigue, difficulty walking, numbness or tingling in the limbs, muscle weakness, problems with coordination and balance, and cognitive difficulties. (fashionablecanes.com)
MS can lead to muscle weakness in the legs, making it difficult to walk or perform tasks that require leg strength. (fashionablecanes.com)
ataxia - a problem of muscle coordination not due to apraxia, weakness, rigidity, spasticity or sensory loss. (brainline.org)
Because the surgery may uncover weakness that was hidden by the spasticity, it is important that the child demonstrate good strength and the ability to control muscles before surgery. (uclahealth.org)
For example, gene mutations in the Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) gene may present as muscle wasting, weakness, spasticity, and over-responsible reflexes (hyperreflexia), with patients experiencing rapid deterioration of the muscles within 1 to 2 years of onset. (targetals.org)
Generally, taking years to progress to weakness in the muscles in the upper and lower extremities. (targetals.org)
Speech disorders due to muscle weakness (Dysarthria). (targetals.org)
Ophthalmoplegia is a paralysis or weakness of one or more of the muscles that control eye movement. (nih.gov)
With muscle weakness, loss of fine motor control, and overactive reflexes may follow. (advancedrm.com)
Others may have muscle weakness or reduced muscle tone, causing challenges in maintaining posture and executing precise movements. (globalstemcelltherapy.com)
Weakness, loss of balance, and spasticity can all contribute to difficulty walking. (theneurologygroupmiami.com)
Muscle weakness starts from the mid-40s and increases if the person is not physically active. (anxietyaids.org)

Following a neurological injury, individuals experiencing muscle tightness and rigidity may benefit from spasticity treatment. (flintrehab.com)
This feature helps to distinguish rigidity from muscle spasticity. (nih.gov)

Lower limb spasticity leads to gait abnormalities. (targetals.org)

The intrathecal baclofen pump is a specialized neurosurgical treatment option for spasticity and/or dystonia. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
While a majority of people with cerebral palsy have spasticity, a small percentage have involuntary movement disorders including dystonia and choreo-athetosis. (uclahealth.org)
Muscle stiffness can be associated with dystonia. (uclahealth.org)
Obturator internus muscle spasm or dystonia? (vignalawgroup.com)
Botox has been used for over two decades in the treatment of dystonia and cerebral spasticity from strokes, brain injury, and cerebral palsy. (vignalawgroup.com)

Spasticity is a condition in which there is an abnormal increase in muscle tone or stiffness of muscle, which might interfere with movement, speech, or be associated with discomfort or pain. (nih.gov)
Abnormal loading on muscles and ligaments caused by spasticity may produce nociceptive pain. (physio-pedia.com)
Spasticity can pull a child's limbs in abnormal positions and cause stiff movements. (cerebralpalsyguide.com)

Involuntary muscle tightness and stiffness that can occur after a stroke. (strokengine.ca)
Spasticity can cause muscle tightness, discomfort, and difficulty with movement, impacting an individual's mobility and overall quality of life. (sciontario.org)

They can affect actions you choose to make (voluntary) or cause uncontrolled (involuntary) movements. (clevelandclinic.org)
Chorea is a movement disorder that causes involuntary, unpredictable muscle movements. (clevelandclinic.org)
Tremor involves involuntary trembling or shaking movements. (clevelandclinic.org)
Involuntary movements characterized by both athetosis (inability to sustain muscles in a fixed position) and chorea (widespread jerky arrhythmic movements). (nih.gov)
These muscles may be the ones that control actions such as speaking, walking, facial movements, bladder function, and more. (targetals.org)
As the degeneration advances, the muscles gradually weaken and atrophies, losing its ability to control voluntary movements. (freedissertation.com)
Motor function refers to the ability to control and coordinate muscle movements. (globalstemcelltherapy.com)
Some may experience muscle stiffness and spasticity, making movements rigid and involuntary. (globalstemcelltherapy.com)
However, toe walking can sometimes be caused by cerebral palsy or another underlying condition that affects a child's muscles and body movements. (cerebralpalsyguide.com)
Children with spastic CP have stiff muscles, and their movements can be awkward as a result. (cerebralpalsyguide.com)
Virtually all papers on motor control, motor development, and motor learning in Down syndrome mention low muscle tone or hypotonia as a major contributor to the typical differences between movements performed by individuals with and without Down syndrome. (down-syndrome.org)

During the exam, the doctor will observe the way your child walks (their gait) as well as their range of motion and muscle tone. (cerebralpalsyguide.com)
Physical therapy sessions to stretch and strengthen the muscles can help a child improve their gait. (cerebralpalsyguide.com)

Spasticity is a "spasm" or tightening of a muscle or muscles, rendering them stiff, overactive, and difficult to move. (advancedrm.com)
To reduce the suspected muscle spasm, he injected 100 units of Botox, a potent muscle relaxer, into the obturator internus muscle via fluoroscopic guidance and the result was impressive: 3 months of 90% pain relief which correlates to the duration of action of Botox. (vignalawgroup.com)
Dr. Greg Vigna, national pharmaceutical injury attorney, practicing physician, and Certified Life Care Planner comments, "Ethicon and Boston Scientific have known for years that the TVT-O and the Obtryx sling, both of which are transobturator (TOT) slings, cause pudendal neuralgia and the mechanism is acute injury to the obturator internus muscle during implantation of the device which will cause acute shortening or spasm of the injured muscle. (vignalawgroup.com)

The degree of pain decreased, whereas the degree of spasticity increased significantly during inpatient rehabilitation. (medicaljournals.se)

Oral Medications may be helpful for patients with spasticity in many muscles that interferes with function, comfort or care. (uclahealth.org)

Spasticity is a symptom that impairs the ability to freely move and control one's limbs through increased tone and involuntary activations in the muscles. (uwaterloo.ca)
Muscle spasticity is a common MS symptom that can significantly impact a person's sleep. (scofa.com)
This symptom is defined as spasticity. (nutriavenue.com)
In order to resolve the symptom, many physicians prescribe various medications to reduce muscle contractility. (nutriavenue.com)

Baclofen is commonly used to treat spasticity. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Individuals may utilize an intrathecal baclofen pump to treat spasticity after a neurological injury. (flintrehab.com)

People who experience myoclonic twitches or jerks have muscles that unexpectedly tighten (positive myoclonus) or relax (negative myoclonus). (clevelandclinic.org)
Myoclonus is brief, shock-like, involuntary muscle twitches. (picmonic.com)
Muscle cramps can range from intensive pain from mild, uncomfortable twitches to severe pain. (anxietyaids.org)

Spasticity, a type of muscle stiffness, commonly occurs in cerebral palsy and may interfere with function, care and comfort. (uclahealth.org)
In cerebral palsy, the areas of the brain responsible for motor control may be damaged or impaired, leading to difficulties in movement and muscle control. (globalstemcelltherapy.com)
Although cerebral palsy primarily affects movement and muscle control, it can also have an impact on cognitive function to varying degrees. (globalstemcelltherapy.com)
The most common cause of toe walking in those with cerebral palsy is spasticity. (cerebralpalsyguide.com)

Managing spasticity may involve various treatments, including physical therapy, medication, and in some cases, surgical interventions, aimed at reducing muscle stiffness and improving functional abilities. (sciontario.org)
There is a critical need for more objective measures of muscle tone or stiffness and the design and testing of interdisciplinary interventions to maximise physical activity, health, and community participation in the Down syndrome population. (down-syndrome.org)

Nabiximols , the cannabis-based oral spray sold as Sativex, is available for reimbursement as an add-on therapy for moderate to severe spasticity in adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) in Ireland who failed to respond as intended to other spasticity medications. (multiplesclerosisnewstoday.com)

Physical therapy regimens may include muscle stretching and range of motion exercises to help prevent shrinkage or shortening of muscles and to reduce the severity of symptoms. (nih.gov)
What are the symptoms of spasticity? (advancedrm.com)
Spasticity and its symptoms are too easily underestimated. (advancedrm.com)
For example, physical symptoms such as pain, spasticity, and bladder problems can make it difficult for an individual with MS to get comfortable and fall asleep. (scofa.com)
Now we are seeing women with symptoms of pudendal neuralgia undergoing Botox into the obturator internus muscle at the time of mesh removal and at the time of pudendal nerve decompression in attempts to relax the muscle during the healing process to reduce traction or compression on the pudendal nerve at Alcock's canal. (vignalawgroup.com)

Diagnosis and treatment of painful muscle syndromes can be a difficult and frustrating task for any clinician. (medscape.com)
Reports have described the purported effectiveness of using a biologic neuromuscular blocking agent, botulinum toxin, in the treatment of painful conditions associated with skeletal muscle. (medscape.com)

SDR can also be helpful for individuals who don't walk, but have severe spasticity that interferes with positioning, comfort and care. (uclahealth.org)
Spasticity is a significant concern among those who have suffered severe brain injuries (TBI) or spinal cord injuries (SCI). (advancedrm.com)
Pooled data from these trials showed that patients given nabiximols consistently reported less severe spasticity than those given a placebo for three months. (multiplesclerosisnewstoday.com)
Due to common side effects that include dizziness, sleepiness, and fatigue, Hugh Kearney, PhD, a consultant neurologist and MS specialist at St. James's Hospital in Dublin, noted that Sativex may not be suitable for all MS patients with continuing moderate to severe spasticity. (multiplesclerosisnewstoday.com)

Spasticity is increased, involuntary, velocity-dependent muscle tone that causes resistance to movement. (medscape.com)
Spasticity is the velocity dependent increase in muscle tone that interferes with voluntary movement. (vignalawgroup.com)

Targeted injection of botulinum toxin into muscles with the most tome can help to selectively weaken these muscles to improve range of motion and function. (nih.gov)
Botulinum Toxin , such as Botox ® and Dysport® is injected directly into spastic muscles to weaken them by blocking transmission between the nerve and the muscle. (uclahealth.org)

Intrathecal Baclofen Pump , delivers baclofen, one of the most common spasticity medications, directly into the fluid around the spinal cord. (uclahealth.org)

Most subjects reported neurogenic and musculoskeletal pain, or had spasticity at each assessment. (medicaljournals.se)

Intrathecal baclofen pumps work best for children and adults with CP who have spasticity in many muscles. (uclahealth.org)
Intrathecal pump implants can deliver medication to alleviate spasticity and improve mobility and comfort. (apitexas.com)
Intrathecal pump implants are typically recommended for patients with specific medical conditions, including chronic pain syndromes, spasticity, or cancer-related pain. (apitexas.com)

Spasticity can interfere with rehabilitation in people with certain disorders, and often interferes with daily activities. (nih.gov)

It has been difficult to quantify because only weak associations exist between clinical, physiological, and self-reported measures of spasticity. (themiamiproject.org)

Spasticity is usually caused by damage to nerve pathways within the brain or spinal cord that control muscle movement. (nih.gov)
Muscles work through a system of contracting and relaxing, triggered by nerves sent through the spinal cord via the brain. (advancedrm.com)
Also, it can help in reducing spasticity and improving motor function in patients with spinal cord injuries. (ccdeliveryservice.com)
Spasticity and pain can happen after a spinal cord injury, but that doesn't mean you can't do anything about it. (hollister.co.uk)
Learn how to deal with spasticity and pain after a spinal cord injury. (hollister.co.uk)
Although these two issues can occur after a spinal cord injury, the good news is that there are practical steps you can take to avoid or minimise spasticity and effectively deal with pain. (hollister.co.uk)

It's important to note that conditions that result in a lack of movement (like paralysis ) or weakened muscles (such as muscular dystrophy ) aren't considered movement disorders even though they affect mobility. (clevelandclinic.org)

Myoclonus is brief, involuntary muscle twitching or jerking. (clevelandclinic.org)

There is a push and pull to muscle function, which must be addressed when treating a spastic muscle. (advancedrm.com)
The spastic muscle may feel more complicated than usual to the touch or appear visibly distorted. (anxietyaids.org)

Examples include injection into the calf to decrease toe walking or the groin muscles to decrease scissoring (crossing of the legs). (uclahealth.org)

By relaxing the muscles, the baclofen reduces muscle tone and often improves mobility. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
and weak muscle tone (hypotonia) in the torso. (medlineplus.gov)
Weak muscle tone (hypotonia) and underdevelopment of many muscles (muscle hypoplasia) are common in children with Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
Obesity: Children with weight problems can lead to further decreased mobility, skin breakdown, loss of muscle tone, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, sleep apnea and inability to perform certain necessary surgeries. (choc.org)
Muscle tone is a frequently used clinical term that has no clear definition, no unambiguous interpretation in terms of possible mechanisms, and no universally accepted method of measurement [ 3 , 13,14 ] . (down-syndrome.org)
Nevertheless, it is impossible to ignore the fact that there is a phenomenon or a complex of phenomena that allow practitioners to distinguish a person with 'normal tone' from a person with 'high tone' (for example, in spasticity, reviewed in Katz and Rymer [ 16 ] ), and from a person with 'low tone' (for example, in Down syndrome, for a review see ref 12). (down-syndrome.org)
This operational definition, although suboptimal (since it relies on a subjective feeling of the examiner), allows to identify a few potential contributors to muscle tone . (down-syndrome.org)

MS can cause different types of pain, depending on whether it's rooted in nerve, muscle, or movement problems. (healthgrades.com)
The connection between spasticity and pain is not fully understood. (physio-pedia.com)
In 2005 Dr. Noor M. Gajraj was the first physician to report in the literature the successful use of Botox injection into the obturator internus muscle in a woman suffering from pudendal neuralgia who unfortunately experienced only partial relief of her pain after pudendal nerve release surgery in France and had exhausted every known treatment available for her pudendal nerve entrapment. (vignalawgroup.com)
A study in America reported that people suffering from COPD also suffer from 46 percent of muscle cramps, which appear to be the primary cause of pain in these populations. (anxietyaids.org)
It's always best to work with your healthcare team to address spasticity and pain right away, so you have a clear plan going forward. (hollister.co.uk)
Therefore, in view of our current understanding of the nature of muscle-induced pain and the paucity of prospective research regarding neuromuscular blockade and/or inhibition of nociception in such conditions, critical and careful analysis of the data and opinions presented in this section is appropriate. (medscape.com)

As ALS progresses, the degeneration of motor neurons in the brain interferes with messages to muscles in the body. (als-curtisvancefoundation.org)

Depending on the severity of the spasticity and which muscles are affected, different treatments may be used. (uclahealth.org)

Spasticity is defined as "disordered sensory-motor control, resulting from an upper motor neuron lesion, presenting as intermittent or sustained involuntary activation of muscles" [11] It is a prevalent occurrence after stroke, affecting anywhere from 30% to 80% of individuals who had stroke. (physio-pedia.com)

Facial spasticity. (targetals.org)
Lower skin elasticity amplifies the appearance of creases, and repeated use of facial muscles causes dynamic wrinkles to form, including frown lines, forehead lines, crow's feet, and lip lines. (michelegreenmd.com)
Botox injections are one of the best treatment options for dynamic wrinkles, which essentially "freeze" the muscle responsible for specific facial expressions, causing the wrinkles to disappear. (michelegreenmd.com)
The creases disappear as the facial muscles relax, resulting in smooth, youthful-looking skin. (michelegreenmd.com)

If left unmanaged, spasticity can worsen over time and significantly restrict one's mobility. (flintrehab.com)

The prognosis for those with spasticity depends on the severity of the spasticity and the associated disorder(s). (nih.gov)

Muscles may become weak, and coordination may be impaired, making walking difficult. (msdmanuals.com)
The condition is characterized by impaired muscle control, muscle stiffness or spasticity, poor coordination, and balance difficulties. (globalstemcelltherapy.com)

Spasticity can increase initially but wane down later on, after stroke. (strokengine.ca)

Some studies state that 50 to 60 percent of adults and 7 percent of children can experience the problem of muscle cramps, and it can increase with age. (anxietyaids.org)

Muscle atrophy in the legs and hands. (targetals.org)
Eventually, muscles atrophy and voluntary control of muscles are lost. (als-curtisvancefoundation.org)

Although there are multiple studies that state muscle fatigue or nerve dysfunction plays a significant role in leg cramps. (anxietyaids.org)

In patients with a previous neurologic insult, a thorough history and physical examination is necessary to rule out any factors that can exacerbate spasticity (eg, medication changes, noxious stimuli, increased intracranial pressure). (medscape.com)

In order to understand its treatment, it helps to visualize how muscles actually work. (advancedrm.com)
Serial casting is a non-invasive form of spasticity treatment that works to gently stretch contracted muscles over a set period of time. (flintrehab.com)

rather, they have been attributed to secondary effects that may be the result of muscle paralysis, improved blood flow, the release of nerve fibers under compression by abnormally contracting muscle, and, perhaps more importantly, the effects of the toxin on nociceptive neurons. (medscape.com)

Muscle cramps can occur at any time to anyone. (anxietyaids.org)

Simple tics are brief and involve a small cluster of muscles. (clevelandclinic.org)
Complex tics may last longer and involve more muscles. (clevelandclinic.org)
It can involve all aspects of a muscle or several muscles in a group. (anxietyaids.org)

Contractions13

Spasms26

Contraction11

Weakness14

Rigidity2

Lower limb spasticity1

Dystonia5

Abnormal3

Tightness2

Movements11

Gait2

Spasm3

Degree of spasticity1

Patients with spasticity1

Symptom4

Treat spasticity2

Twitches3

Cerebral4

Interventions2

Multiple sclerosis1

Symptoms5

Painful2

Severe4

Velocity-dependent2

Botulinum toxin2

Medications1

Musculoskeletal pain1

Intrathecal3

Interfere1

Difficult to quantify1

Spinal cord6

Movement disorders1

Myoclonus1

Spastic muscle2

Scissoring1

Tone7

Pain6

Interferes1

Treatments1

Individuals1

Facial4

Significantly1

Severity1

Coordination2

Stroke1

Adults1

Atrophy2

Fatigue1

Medication1

Treatment2

Paralysis1

Occur1

Involve3