• The aim of this study was to test the reliability of an assessment method originally developed for primates and demonstrate reliability using three criteria (1) assessments by independent observers must agree with one another, (2) these assessments must predict behaviours and real-world outcomes and (3) observer ratings must be shown to reflect genuine attributes of the individuals rated, not merely the observer's implicit personality theories about how traits co-vary. (researchgate.net)
  • Do the Owner-horse Pairs Have Similar Personality Traits According to the Short Inventory of the Horse Personality? (researchgate.net)
  • The present experiment investigated the role of personality traits as moderators of elevation and its behavioral effects using economic games as a measure for prosocial behavior. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our results replicate and extend prior findings on moderators for elevation and exemplify the importance of investigating the role of personality traits in the context of the moral elevation phenomenon. (frontiersin.org)
  • The study reveals a seasonal effect in higher cortisol levels between humans and animals, and human personality traits significantly affected the dog's level of stress. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • The researchers investigated whether stress levels are correlated with personality traits. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Through a carefully controlled and rigorously Institutional Review Board-approved process, the researchers invited groups of same-gender friends - who had previously completed surveys about perceptions of their own drunk and sober personality traits - into the research lab. (umsl.edu)
  • This study explored how the Big Five personality traits, as well as measures of personality disorders, are related to two different measures of conspiracy theories (CTs)The two measures correlated r = .58 and were applied to examine generalisability of findings. (bi.no)
  • Personality traits appear to be risk factors for substance use, as well as risk factors for personality disorders that have substance abuse as an important behavioral expression. (yale.edu)
  • Maladaptive personality traits and related personality disorders are not simply consequences of addiction. (yale.edu)
  • The separation of addiction symptoms from personality traits and disorders through careful assessment is critically important for improving diagnostic reliability and validity and predicting treatment response. (yale.edu)
  • Over the past 20 years, my research has focused on evaluating extreme, maladaptive personality traits and the prevalence and treatment implications of personality disorders in substance abusers. (yale.edu)
  • One approach for investigating the heritability of personality lies in identifying which genes underlie specific personality traits so scientists can then determine how the frequencies of specific variants of personality-related genes change in both space and time as well as in relation to changing environmental influences. (scienceblogs.com)
  • Numerous aspects have been investigated from the neurobiology of risk-seeking to personality traits associated with particular risky behaviors. (basisonline.org)
  • Life goals, values, vocational interests, and personality traits are important factors that influence career and everyday life decision-making. (illinois.edu)
  • This dissertation presents a framework for how personality traits, interests, and values relate to life goals. (illinois.edu)
  • Study 1 was a cross-sectional study investigating the domain-specific relationship among major life goals, personality traits, interests, and values. (illinois.edu)
  • The results showed that personality traits are the most fundamental disposition and can predict vocational interests, values, and then goals. (illinois.edu)
  • values serve as a mediator between personality traits and goals, and between interests and goals. (illinois.edu)
  • Study 2 is a longitudinal study examining how relationships among major life goals, interests, and personality traits may change over time. (illinois.edu)
  • While both presynaptic and postsynaptic dopaminergic functions would be regulated by corresponding genes and related to personality traits, the relation between presynaptic and postsynaptic functions in terms of interindividual variation has hardly been investigated. (jneurosci.org)
  • There are several systems for identifying and measuring personality traits, but one of the most widely used is the five-factor theory , often called the Big Five. (niemanlab.org)
  • Other traits related to athleticism include the maximum amount of oxygen the body can deliver to its tissues (aerobic capacity), muscle mass, height, flexibility, coordination, intellectual ability, and personality. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Studies focused on similarities and differences in athletic performance within families, including between twins, suggest that genetic factors underlie 30 to 80 percent of the differences among individuals in traits related to athletic performance. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Many studies have investigated variations in specific genes thought to be involved in these traits, comparing athletes with nonathletes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This study aimed to investigate validity based on external criteria, i.e., the quality of life, of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (IDCP-2), an instrument that assesses pathological personality traits. (bvsalud.org)
  • Individuals with high levels of pathological personality traits, which may constitute a personality disorder, also tend to show a decrease in several global indicators of health and quality of life (Kotov et al. (bvsalud.org)
  • Several studies have shown that personality traits and attitudes toward traffic safety predict aberrant driving behaviors and crash involvement. (who.int)
  • The present study used a personality-attitudes model to assess whether personality traits predicted aberrant self-reported driving behaviors (driving violations, lapses, and errors) both directly and indirectly, through the effects of attitudes towards traffic safety in a large sample of bus drivers. (who.int)
  • Three hundred and one bus drivers (mean age=39.1, SD=10.7 years) completed a structured and anonymous questionnaire measuring personality traits, attitudes toward traffic safety, self-reported aberrant driving behaviors (i.e., errors, lapses, and traffic violations), and accident risk in the last 12 months. (who.int)
  • Survey measures will investigate symptoms of addictive eating, dietary intake and eating related behaviours/habits, personality traits, physical activity levels, sleep hygiene behaviours and mental health symptoms. (who.int)
  • Grounded in trait-activation theory, we propose that personality is a critical factor that needs to be considered. (hawaii.edu)
  • Moreover, scores on the Openness personality trait were a significant predictor of conformity. (hawaii.edu)
  • The attentional control theory (ACT) proposes that trait anxiety disrupts functional efficiency of executive control of attention relating to working memory system such as shifting. (scirp.org)
  • The present study investigated the association of trait anxiety-related inefficiencies in attentional shift and working memory performance in conjunction with the level of motivation. (scirp.org)
  • The purpose of this research is two-fold: (a) to explore the relationship between the listeners' personality trait, i.e., extraverts and introverts and their preferred music genres, and (b) to predict the personality trait of potential listeners on the basis of a musical excerpt by employing several classification algorithms. (mdpi.com)
  • Although assigning household chores is considered an essential component of child-rearing, it turns out they might not help improve children's self-control, a coveted personality trait that allows people to suppress inappropriate impulses, focus their attention and perform an action when there is strong tendency to avoid it. (uh.edu)
  • Previous research indicated that doing more homework was related to an increase in conscientiousness, a personality trait similar to self-control, prompting Damian to question whether household chores would have a similar effect on personality development. (uh.edu)
  • I have mapped personality dimensions from five factor and seven factor models onto personality disorder diagnoses and compared the reliability of personality disorder and trait dimensions. (yale.edu)
  • Unfortunately, our work on this personality trait also suggests that accuracy labels on news stories will not solve the problem of misinformation. (niemanlab.org)
  • In this project we investigate how information on group membership affects trait judgments. (lu.se)
  • We'll look at lifelong development, personality and temperament, behavioural genetics, resilience and vulnerability, constructivist and constructionist theories, information processing approach, the role of education and ecological systems theory. (leedstrinity.ac.uk)
  • Here, we report the findings of a 10-year-long study investigating the behavioural and cognitive mechanisms of DTD in a large sample of 1211 cases. (nature.com)
  • Also, stop and start control were related to overall affect and behavioural outcomes. (eur.nl)
  • Some of the cognitive biases related to systematic errors in affective forecasts are focalism, hot-cold empathy gap, and impact bias. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, whether such anxiety-related in efficiencies in executive control can impact directly on the performance of higher-order cognitive operations such as WM remains unclear with reference to ACT. (scirp.org)
  • His research uses methods from social psychology and cognitive neuroscience to study the causes and consequences of perceiving mental states in other agents and to investigate processes related to social influence, social connection, meaning-making and ethics. (northwestern.edu)
  • importantly, we test the specific hypothesis that the presence of DTD is significantly related to the inability of the individuals to form a mental representation of the spatial surroundings (i.e., a cognitive map). (nature.com)
  • We will investigate whether cognitive and language-related factors explain differences in sign language interpreting performance and whether personality factors also have an effect. (hfh.ch)
  • What are the relative contributions of cognitive and language-related factors? (hfh.ch)
  • Based on the literature, language-related and cognitive factors do affect interpreting performance. (hfh.ch)
  • My major research interests involve the evaluation of personality dimensions and disorders as important constructs for subtyping addicted individuals for the purpose of predicting treatment outcome and developing interventions. (yale.edu)
  • I have developed and evaluated the first manual-guided psychotherapy for the full range of personality disorders co-occurring with substance abuse. (yale.edu)
  • My research investigates the most prevalent and yet commonly overlooked type of psychiatric comorbidity - substance abuse and personality disorders. (yale.edu)
  • developed and tested the first psychotherapeutic model for the full range of personality disorders found in substance abusers. (yale.edu)
  • Personality disorders influence symptom severity, persist and interfere with psychosocial functioning once abstinence is achieved, create significant ongoing risk for relapse, and may require additional specialized treatment. (yale.edu)
  • Besides opioid-induced psychiatric disorders, a high prevalence of non-opioid-related psychiatric disorders exists. (medscape.com)
  • Medical screening for physical and mental disorders with associated harmful behaviors and substance-related disorders among persons overseas applying for US immigration or refugee status and non-immigrants who are required by law to have an overseas medical examination, hereafter referred to as applicants, is therefore an essential component of the immigration process. (cdc.gov)
  • The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) provides three grounds of inadmissibility related to substance addiction or abuse, or physical or mental disorders that affect behavior. (cdc.gov)
  • Because these "V" conditions are not mental disorders, they cannot be used in determining if a person has an inadmissible (Class A) health-related condition, regardless of whether there is an associated harmful behavior. (cdc.gov)
  • University of Houston assistant professor of psychology, Rodica Damian, is reporting in the Journal of Research in Personality her findings on childhood chores and self control. (uh.edu)
  • Moreover, the findings demonstrated that in terms of gender, no significant difference was found between the personality components of people who stutter. (studyres.com)
  • 0001. Such findings suggest a correlation between the positive responses to the two gambling-related questions included in the instrument and participation in other risky activities. (basisonline.org)
  • Our findings indicate that IDCP-2 could be used as an indicator of the absence or the lack of positive outcomes presently investigated. (bvsalud.org)
  • Researchers found strong evidence of phenotypic associations between all mental health and personality phenotypes investigated (except schizophrenia), replicating earlier findings. (medscape.com)
  • The participants who drank alcohol reported changes in all five personality factors - neuroticism, extraversion, openness to new experiences/intellect, agreeableness and conscientiousness. (umsl.edu)
  • These changes have been found to be "predictive of post-acute changes in the personality domain of 'openness,' " the authors report. (medscape.com)
  • While affective forecasts take place in the present moment, researchers also investigate its future outcomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Partial correlation analyses showed that neuroticism and extraversion accounted for approximately 60% of the variance between psychosocial conditions and work-related well-being outcomes. (lu.se)
  • The study investigated ​ the effects of Blackmores' Executive B Stress Formula on work-related stress, as well as its effects on mood, personality, cardiovascular, and neuroimaging outcomes. (nutraingredients.com)
  • Investigating the possible origins of interindividual differences in stress responsivity is one of the research themes of the laboratory of Dr. Jens Pruessner. (mcgill.ca)
  • Empirical research studies have highlighted the need to investigate whether video game can be useful as a tool within a neuropsychological rehabilitation program for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients. (frontiersin.org)
  • Results show that the Big Five and ideology are related to CTs but these relationships are generally wiped out by the stronger effects of the personality disorder scales. (bi.no)
  • Over half of treated substance abusers meet diagnostic criteria for a personality disorder. (yale.edu)
  • Out of this sample, 39 horses were tested in personality tests, to monitor the owners' responses to the questionnaires. (researchgate.net)
  • Thus, it is essential to investigate to what extent psychosocial work environments assessed with questionnaires reflect individual differences. (lu.se)
  • The dog owners were also asked to complete two validated questionnaires related to their own and their dog's personality. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • To explore this question, we designed an experiment in which we not only gathered information about our participants' politics and personality, but also administered questionnaires to assess their desire for chaos, support of socially and economically conservative issues, support for Donald Trump, trust in mainstream media, and time spent on social media. (niemanlab.org)
  • An individual differences perspective posits that personality also contributes to an individual's perception of their environment. (lu.se)
  • Rachel Winograd's research on drunk personality was just recently published online and will soon appear in the print version of "Clinical Psychological Science. (umsl.edu)
  • In fact, the discrepancy between the personality changes intoxicated individuals self-report and those perceived by trained observers was one of the most surprising discoveries in the psychologist's work, which was published online last week and will soon appear in the print version of "Clinical Psychological Science. (umsl.edu)
  • Professor Waytz's research has been published in leading journals such as Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, and Psychological Review. (northwestern.edu)
  • Both personality and interests are enduring psychological dispositions that can predict future major life goals. (illinois.edu)
  • Our studies use experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a model to investigate pathological events related to Multiple Sclerosis. (utsa.edu)
  • My current interests are directed towards large-scale sequencing and phylogenomic studies investigating major public health threats, such as the causative agents of plague and cholera, Yersinia pestis and Vibrio cholerae , and the dominant cause of food-borne disease in North America, Escherichia coli O157:H7. (utsa.edu)
  • There has been a recent increase in questionnaire-based studies focussing on equine personality but with a lack of comparability to studies on other species. (researchgate.net)
  • Recent studies have focused on the emerging scenario of 'active ageing' as a series of positive actions aimed at fostering elderly adaptability by supporting emotionally close relationships and removing age-related structural barriers. (springer.com)
  • 1998). It should, however, be noted that the use of the variable 'age' alone to define elderly people should be considered a simplification, in light of the results of studies on the 'life course paradigm' (Moschis 2019 ), according to which seniority is the combined effect of a series of factors or events in life related to different structural contexts and social changes (see also Guido et al. (springer.com)
  • Therefore, it is recommended to consider individual differences in intervention studies when interpreting and improving the psychosocial work environment and work-related well-being. (lu.se)
  • Global Journal of Medicine Researches and Studies, 1(4) 2014, Pages: 111-116 Academic Journals Global Journal of Medicine Researches and Studies ISSN 2345-6094 www.academicjournalscenter.org Investigating Personality Differences among Stuttering and Ordinary Individuals Abdoulwahab Pourghaz *1, Elnaz Rahimi 2, Zahra Ramezani 3 1. (studyres.com)
  • In several studies, he has been able to repeatedly show how a specific set of personality variables, especially self-esteem and locus of control, are systematically linked to these different types of stress responses. (mcgill.ca)
  • In a series of studies involving structural Neuroimaging, he has since investigated the integrity of brain structures involved in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and thus the endocrine stress response, and has found the volume of the hippocampus to be systematically and inversely related to the magnitude of the endocrine stress response, and positively correlated to the personality variables self-esteem and locus of control. (mcgill.ca)
  • Further, in a set of recent functional neuroimaging studies, he has been able to show how the central nervous system perceives and processes stress through a network of specific structures in the limbic system and the prefrontal cortex, and how activation changes in the hippocampus and the anterior cingulate specifically seem to be related to the initiation of the endocrine stress response especially in subjects with low self-esteem. (mcgill.ca)
  • In summary, these studies contribute to a better understanding of the neural mechanisms of stress processing, and how this is affected by differences in personality. (mcgill.ca)
  • Future studies of his laboratory aim to determine the impact of these personality differences on brain integrity and endocrine regulation across the life span. (mcgill.ca)
  • We decided to investigate the relationship between personality, politics, and sharing fake news though a series of eight studies, involving 4,642 participants. (niemanlab.org)
  • A theoretical distinction within self-control, between stop control and start control, was investigated in two studies. (eur.nl)
  • However, only one other study investigated the effects of psychedelics on human brain function more than 12 hours after acute effects, and few studies have examined anatomic changes that might be related to psychedelic use. (medscape.com)
  • Few studies have so far investigated the relationship between the oral conditions and their impact on people's life, but in recent years, the use of clinical indicators (e.g: gingival bleeding, caries, tooth loss) in epidemiological studies has been widely recommended. (bvsalud.org)
  • Further studies should investigate the effectiveness of interventions for reducing the prevalence and risk factors for mental health conditions during a public health emergency. (bvsalud.org)
  • In Williams, the U.S. Supreme Court reversed the Virginia Supreme Court and vacated Williams' death sentence because Williams' trial counsel failed to adequately investigate and present mitigating circumstances during the penalty phase of the trial. (findlaw.com)
  • However, this process has not been adequately investigated in professional drivers, such as bus drivers. (who.int)
  • Erika has not been charged with any crime, but her legal woes have intensified as authorities investigate her ex's finances amid her ongoing divorce proceedings. (usmagazine.com)
  • Other research investigating recurrent care proceedings is planned as part of a growing research and knowledge exchange partnership with St. Michael's Fellowship. (mdx.ac.uk)
  • An antisocial personality may be mistaken as addictive behaviors (and vice versa), especially if confrontation with the law is involved. (medscape.com)
  • The present paper aims to uncover key information related to the use of video game in ADHD neuropsychological rehabilitation/intervention by focusing on its gains and its capability to transfer/generalize these gains to real life situation via a systematic review of the empirical literature. (frontiersin.org)
  • We established systematic personality changes associated with intoxication and important individual differences in these effects," she explained. (umsl.edu)
  • lt;p align="justify" class="lead">Research suggests that personality variations are heritable in humans and other animal species, and there are many hypotheses as to why differences in personality exist and are maintained. (scienceblogs.com)
  • Another research group, developed their own questionnaire, Horse Personality questionnaire (HPQ) [22, 34], which works with 30 behaviourally de ned adjectives. (researchgate.net)
  • The research group is planning to investigate whether a similar synchronisation takes place between dogs and humans in, for example, hunting dogs, which have been trained to be independent. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • That's the finding of a new study published in the Journal of Research in Personality by University of Houston assistant professor of psychology, Rodica Damian in collaboration with Olivia Atherton, Katherine Lawson and Richard Robins from the University of California, Davis. (uh.edu)
  • Despite recent advances in understanding the origin of self-control, no known research existed investigating the co-development of chores and self-control. (uh.edu)
  • So our research on misinformation sharing has examined another key determinant of individual behavior: personality. (niemanlab.org)
  • The user can then look at mantras and thought processes of each character and hopefully be able to relate to at least one of them. (bpdfamily.com)
  • However, no-one had investigated brain aging processes as a possible reason for differences in subjective age. (medicalxpress.com)
  • The personality of 61 horses (Equus caballus) was assessed using a questionnaire constructed of 30 behaviourally defined adjectives (BDAs). (researchgate.net)
  • In this study, we developed a questionnaire to assess horse's personality. (researchgate.net)
  • For validation, 2431 horse-owners filled it out for their horse along with an existing questionnaire to determine their personality. (researchgate.net)
  • Le questionnaire administré mesurait les paramètres de la théorie du comportement planifié suivants : l'attitude (croyances comportementales, évaluations des résultats), les normes subjectives (croyances normatives, motivation pour s'y conformer), les croyances du sujet en sa capacité comportementale, le comportement antérieur et l'intention comportementale. (who.int)
  • Her goal was to build upon prior work in which she and her colleagues investigated the concept of "drunk personality. (umsl.edu)
  • Chey and her colleagues applied these techniques to investigate the link between subjective age and brain aging. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Latent growth curve analysis revealed that increases in upward and horizontal career transitions over time were positively related to increases in objective career success and positively related to subjective career success. (bi.no)
  • In recognition of his work, Professor Waytz received the 2008 and 2013 Theoretical Innovation Award from the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, the SAGE Foundation Young Scholar Award, and the International Social Cognition Network's Early Career Award. (northwestern.edu)
  • lt;p align="justify">For example, in humans, the best-studied "personality gene" is the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene, which is involved in motivation, pleasure, cognition, memory, and learning. (scienceblogs.com)
  • The project concerns moral cognition and we often use experimental methods to study how judgments and decisions are affected by contextual factors and interact with personality. (lu.se)
  • The table below lists the prevalence rates of selected risk behaviors among respondents answering the two gambling-related questions. (basisonline.org)
  • The present study aimed to examine personality differences among individuals with stuttering and ordinary individuals. (studyres.com)
  • This might of course be linked to variations in health consequences as well, since subjects who respond to stressors more easily or strongly might be more at risk of developing a stress-related illness. (mcgill.ca)
  • These results hold after factors such as personality and socio-economic background was controlled. (aka.fi)
  • These factors have led to an increase in the average age of the population, and this has been accompanied by an increase in age-related degenerative chronic diseases. (springer.com)
  • We assume that personality factors have only a marginal influence on performance. (hfh.ch)
  • They also show that the five FFM personality factors do not account for any additional variance on any of the styles at a significant level. (emerald.com)
  • These factors were investigated in 123 cases where falls from ladders had occurred. (cdc.gov)
  • Therefore, the NHANES I Epidemiologic Followup Study (NHEFS) was designed to investigate the association between factors measured at the baseline with the development of specific health conditions. (cdc.gov)
  • Stop control was negatively related to negative affect, whereas start control was positively related to positive affect. (eur.nl)
  • Third, the present study is among the few investigating the effects of elevation on different prosocial actions and intentions. (frontiersin.org)
  • To aid in that effort, through a literature review of marketing and management contributions across a five-decade period (1970-2020), this paper investigates elderly consumers' new roles and related implications for business strategies, from a consumer behaviour perspective. (springer.com)
  • This thesis explores the EU copyright's concept of author and how it relates to the everyday digital creativity on the Internet. (lu.se)
  • The personality of a horse is thought to influence the quality of horse-human relationship. (researchgate.net)
  • Such as sexual identity, intimacy and relationship with the body, investigated through the subjects depicted or the personalities of the artists. (ihlia.nl)
  • and the relationship between personality and leadership. (emerald.com)
  • We will examine spatial abilities tests as well as psychometric tests for assessing personality aspects with regard to their suitability in this context. (hfh.ch)
  • This study did not incorporate measures of job performance or investigate the style and context link. (emerald.com)
  • Critiques of the trial point out several inaccuracies and failure to investigate traces that could lead to expose the involvement of Congress related personalities and alleged conspiracies of wider significance with an international dimension. (tamilnet.com)
  • The friends engaged in activities and games while their behavior was being recorded, later to be viewed by multiple trained observers familiar with the Five-Factor Model of personality. (umsl.edu)
  • Maybe chores don't matter for personality development, but they still predict future chore behavior," said Damian. (uh.edu)
  • Because multi-drug abuse is common, investigate intoxication by drugs other than narcotics (benzodiazepines, barbiturates) in unconscious patients. (medscape.com)
  • We relate our practical and philosophical considerations to ideas from medical ethics and legal practice. (cdc.gov)
  • Correlations between specific components and their associated behaviours were logical and consistent with the types of behaviours that would be expected to be linked with such personality types. (researchgate.net)
  • In general, kids are tuning into certain channels or following specific YouTube personalities because they're entertained by them (not because they are actively searching for "bad" stuff). (parentmap.com)
  • A striking feature of this package is the implementation of conditional maximum likelihood estimation techniques which relate directly to Rasch's original concept of specific objectivity. (psychologie-aktuell.com)
  • In this work, we investigate the effects of genotyping error due to low coverage sequencing on PGS estimation. (cdc.gov)
  • A recent Mendelian randomization study investigated the association between allergic disease and mental health. (medscape.com)
  • A style score was calculated and then related to data on respondents' biographical - job function, gender, sector and nationality - and FFM personality data. (emerald.com)
  • Originality/value - LDQ provides a unique opportunity for managers to relate leadership dimensions to three different leadership styles - engaging, goal‐oriented and involving - and, in turn, to the degree of organisational volatility faced by the leader, thus enabling respondents to identify the most appropriate style. (emerald.com)
  • Work-related values nevertheless do seem to have a considerable impact on young adults' motivations and intentions to become entrepreneurs or business leaders. (aka.fi)
  • Frankel is a regular contributor to industry discussion related to the future of work, technology innovation and entrepreneurship. (northwestern.edu)
  • working condition related, such as work schedule and work demands, and ladder use related, such as hours spent on the ladder, and the surface on which the ladder is set up. (cdc.gov)
  • Current innovations and technologies, changes in consumer societies and greater attention to consumers' lifestyles-also related to the achievement of new frontiers in the medical field-have allowed a progressive increase in individuals' life expectancy and in the number of elderly people. (springer.com)
  • We found that individuals with DTD reported relatively greater levels of neuroticism and negative affect, and rated themselves more poorly on self-report measures of memory and imagery skills related to objects, faces, and places. (nature.com)
  • Results indicated that people suffering from stuttering experienced more personality issues compared to ordinary individuals. (studyres.com)