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AlkynesEnabling intermolecular and intramolecularSecondary and tertiary alcoholsReactionsCatalyticAlcoholsEliminationElectrophilicEpoxidationAlkynePeroxyacidSubstratesCyclizationSynthesisAlkanesArylEpoxidesCompoundsAcidicMoleculeElectronHydrogenMoleculesChemicalInsolubleReaction mediumSolventSpeciesConstructionFormGenerallyEfficient

Alkynes4

• Chapter 3 describes the work to develop the nickel-catalzyed hydrophosphinylation of unactivated alkenes, an extension of the work started with the nickel-catalyzed hydrophosphosphinylation of alkynes. (tcu.edu)
• Chapter 4 details the development of manganese-promoted intermolecular and intramolecular additions of alkenes, alkynes and aryl compounds with H-phosphinates is described. (tcu.edu)
• Conformations and CH/π Interactions in Aliphatic Alkynes and Alkenes. (uib.no)
• Chemical reactivity of alkenes and alkynes as seen from activation energies, enthalpies of protonation, and carbon 1s ionization energies. (uib.no)

Enabling intermolecular and intramolecular1

• Ceric ammonium nitrate assists in enabling intermolecular and intramolecular carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond formation. (powershow.com)

Secondary and tertiary alcohols2

• This reaction is extremely effective for converting secondary and tertiary alcohols into alkenes. (thechemistrynotes.com)
• Elimination to form alkenes predominates with secondary and tertiary alcohols. (necenti.com)

Reactions6

• Ceric ammonium nitrate (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6 is an orange-red, water-soluble, inorganic compound that is used for oxidative addition reactions of electrophilic radicals to alkenes. (powershow.com)
• Despite many of the benefits usually associated with palladium-mediated reactions, [ ‌15‌ ] in particular scalability, tolerance of water and functional groups, interest in the reaction has been sporadic, which is primarily due to problems associated with regiochemical control in unsymmetrical alkene substrates. (thieme.com)
• In contrast, the tether length and the ligands on the metal center determine the regioselectivity of intramolecular reactions. (thieme.com)
• Diels-Alder reactions using supercritical water as an aqueous solvent medium. (necenti.com)
• The hydroformylation reaction producing aldehydes from alkenes, carbon monoxide and hydrogen, is one of the most important reactions in industry. (u-tokyo.ac.jp)
• The transition-metal-catalysed hydrosilylation reaction of alkenes is one of the most important catalytic reactions in the silicon industry. (nature.com)

Catalytic4

• The system utilizing catalytic Mn(OAc)2 either neat or in DMSO, is successful for a variety of different alkenes and two alkyne substrates. (tcu.edu)
• A more efficient and cost-effective system was recently developed for H-phosphinate arylations using catalytic Mn(OAc)2 and MnO2 as an oxidant, and further applied to alkene phosphonochlorination with LiCl. (tcu.edu)
• Reusable catalytic systems for alkene epoxidation. (univ-grenoble-alpes.fr)
• Catalytic, Enantioselective, Intramolecular Carbosulfenylation of Olefins. (illinois.edu)

Alcohols3

• Alcohols are comparatively more soluble in water than hydrocarbons of comparable molecular masses. (gsebsolutions.com)
• Alcohols can form hydrogen bonds with water and break the H-bond exists between water molecules. (gsebsolutions.com)
• being electron deficient acts as an electrophile and reacts with alkenes to yield trialkvlboranes, R 3 B. These are oxidised to alcohols on reaction with hydrogen peroxide in presence of alkali. (gsebsolutions.com)

Elimination4

• Elimination of a water molecule proceeds through an intramolecular H transfer. (uaeu.ac.ae)
• Elimination of the hydroxyl, now surplus to requirements, reintroduced an alkene, which was immediately oxidised to an epoxide. (chemistryworld.com)
• This provided an amine oxide, and set the stage for the Polonovski-Potier reaction, in which elimination of water from the amine-oxide generates an iminium ion, to which a nucleophile can add (figure 2). (chemistryworld.com)
• Alkenes are generated by intramolecular elimination at around 200 °C. A hydrogen atom is transferred from a carbon atom to xanthate oxygen in syn elimination in the transition state of the 6-membered ring. (thechemistrynotes.com)

Electrophilic2

• Addition to alkenes can involve free-radical, metal-catalyzed, and stepwise electrophilic mechanisms, the last via a cation intermediate. (yale.edu)
• Epoxides can also be prepared from halohydrins, themselves produced by electrophilic addition of Cl 2 or Br2 to an alkene in the presence of water ( Section 8.3 ). (openstax.org)

Epoxidation1

• Epoxides can be synthesized from alkenes via epoxidation with a peroxyacid like m -CPBA, or from halohydrins via treatment with base. (masterorganicchemistry.com)

Alkyne1

• Our synthetic approach usually incorporates a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of a 1,3-dipole with a functionalized alkene or alkyne to afford the corresponding heterocyclic compound which usually serves as a precursor to a more complex ring system. (jsums.edu)

Peroxyacid2

• In the laboratory, as we saw in Section 8.7 , epoxides are usually prepared by treatment of an alkene with a peroxyacid (RCO 3 H), typically m -chloroperoxybenzoic acid. (openstax.org)
• Treating an alkene with a "peroxyacid" (that's a carboxylic acid containing an extra oxygen) leads to direct formation of an epoxide. (masterorganicchemistry.com)

Substrates2

• The reaction occurs at room temperature and works on a variety of different alkene substrates. (tcu.edu)
• The Heck reaction is not limited to activated alkenes: simple alkenes and those with various functional groups, such as ester, ether, carboxy, phenolic, and cyano functionalities are also suitable substrates. (thieme.com)

Cyclization1

• Hamme, A. T. II "Spiroisoxazoline Synthesis via Intramolecular Cyclization/Methylation" Synthesis 2006 , 3815-3818. (jsums.edu)

Synthesis2

• When a halohydrin is treated with base, HX is eliminated and an epoxide is produced by an intramolecular Williamson ether synthesis. (openstax.org)
• Our research group is also interested in the use of pure water as a reaction medium for organic synthesis. (jsums.edu)

Alkanes1

• We estimate the thermo-kinetic parameters for interactions of Fe 2 O 3 with HBr, brominated alkanes and alkenes, bromobenzene, and bromophenol. (uaeu.ac.ae)

Aryl1

• The palladium-mediated coupling of aryl or alkenyl iodides, bromides, or trifluoromethanesulfonates with alkenes in the presence of base, i.e. the metal-catalyzed arylation or alkenylation of alkenes, is generally referred to as the Mizoroki - Heck reaction. (thieme.com)

Epoxides1

• I mentioned that you'd likely seen epoxides before, likely when you covered the reaction of alkenes. (masterorganicchemistry.com)

Compounds1

• Ethanol, often in high concentrations, is used to dissolve many water-insoluble medications and related compounds. (wikipedia.org)

Acidic1

• Substitution stabilizes alkenes, and addition of acids is thermodynamically favorable in acidic media. (yale.edu)

Molecule1

• The reason for all the unsaturation in the molecule was then revealed: an intramolecular cyclisation that appears to be a Diels-Alder type cycloaddition. (chemistryworld.com)

Electron1

• Laboratory-frame electron angular distributions: Probing the chemical environment through intramolecular electron scattering. (uib.no)

Hydrogen1

• On the other hand, hydrocarbons cannot form hydrogen bonds with water molecules and hence are insoluble in water. (gsebsolutions.com)

Molecules1

• A solution of 70% ethanol is more effective than pure ethanol because ethanol relies on water molecules for optimal antimicrobial activity. (wikipedia.org)

Chemical1

• Chugaev reaction is a chemical process that eliminates water from an alcohol, resulting in the formation of an alkene . (thechemistrynotes.com)

Insoluble1

• Melting Point: 81 °C: Boiling Point: 260 °C/25 mmHg: Solubility in water: Insoluble: Degree of solubility in water : 0.3 mg/l 25 °C: Solubility (very soluble in) Ether: Solubility (soluble in) Benzene,Chloroform,Toluene: Solubility (slightly sol. (utistop.co.uk)

Reaction medium1

• Hot compressed water as reaction medium and reactant. (necenti.com)

Solvent1

• If traces of water are present in your solvent, your Grignard will react with it in a simple acid-base reaction, forming the conjugate acid of the Grignard (an alkane or alkene /arene) and a (much less basic) hydroxide ion. (esterlium.net)

Species1

• We demonstrate that di-tert-butylsilanols are competent nucleophiles for the intramolecular interception of palladium π-allyl species. (ku.edu)

Construction1

• Intramolecular azide to alkene cycloadditions for the construction of pyrrolobenzodiazepines and azetidino-benzodiazepines. (nih.gov)

Form2

• Electrostatics can help position an attacking electrophile like H + , but bonding en route to Markovnikov addition requires orbital mixing to form the more stable cation. (yale.edu)
• The reaction can be considered a form of water splitting. (tcu.edu)

Generally1

• Current industrial production of formic acid generally employs carbon monoxide and water. (u-tokyo.ac.jp)

Efficient1

• Hamme, A. T. II "Efficient Access to Isoxazoles from Alkenes" Synlett 2008 , 919-923. (jsums.edu)