• Autosomal dominant disorders of skeletal and cranial development have been linked to fibroblast growth factor receptor ( FGFR) 2 and FGFR3 . (aacrjournals.org)
  • FGFR 3 encodes a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor involved in signaling via interaction with the family of fibroblast growth factors. (aacrjournals.org)
  • A molecular understanding of membrane traffic has broad implications for our understanding of growth control in cancer, receptor trafficking errors in heart disease, regulation of insulin secretion in diabetes and synaptic vesicle biogenesis and transport in neurological disorders. (stanford.edu)
  • Among one of the actionable targets is the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) pathway, triggered by specific ligands. (123dok.org)
  • Among such actionable targets in BC is the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR). (123dok.org)
  • FGFRs are a class of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and are single-pass membrane proteins made of N-terminal extracellular (EC) domains with three immunoglobulin-like subdomains (D1, D2 and D3), a transmembrane (TM) domain with a single α-helix, and an intracellular (IC) region which includes tyrosine kinase motifs, a juxta-membrane domain and a carboxyl-terminal tail [12-14]. (123dok.org)
  • The most active T cell endogenous inhibitory pathway is the immunoglobulin superfamily such as CD28/cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4): B7-1/B7-2 receptor/ligand grouping, which plays a central role in coordinating immune responses [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The functional enrichment and gene interaction network analysis emphasized the importance of cytokine/chemokine signalling, T cell receptor signalling route, NF-kappa B signalling pathway and Jak-STAT signalling system. (springeropen.com)
  • [3] [5] FGF2 binds to and exerts effects via specific fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) proteins which themselves constitute a family of closely related molecules. (wikidoc.org)
  • It was also shown to act on preosteoblasts - in the form of an increased proliferation - after binding to fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 and activating phosphoinositide 3-kinase . (wikidoc.org)
  • Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine Kinase, Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2. (umbc.edu)
  • FGFR2 is part of the FGFR subfamily, which are receptor tyr kinases (RTKs) containing an extracellular ligand-binding region with three immunoglobulin-like domains, a transmembrane segment, and an intracellular catalytic domain. (umbc.edu)
  • The binding of FGFRs to their ligands, the FGFs, results in receptor dimerization and activation, and intracellular signaling. (umbc.edu)
  • G-protein coupled estrogen receptor that binds to 17-beta-estradiol (E2) with high affinity, leading to rapid and transient activation of numerous intracellular signaling pathways. (kxcdn.com)
  • Stimulates cAMP production, calcium mobilization and tyrosine kinase Src inducing the release of heparin-bound epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) and subsequent transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), activating downstream signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt and ERK/MAPK. (kxcdn.com)
  • Li Q, Cao Z, Zhao S. The Emerging Portrait of Glial Cell Line-derived Neurotrophic Factor Family Receptor Alpha (GFRα) in Cancers. (medsci.org)
  • Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor alpha (GFRα) members have been widely connected to the mechanisms contributing to cell growth, differentiation, cell migration and tissue maturation. (medsci.org)
  • Based on whether it cooperates with the second receptor RET, GFRα has also been widely linked to the mechanisms that contribute to cell growth, differentiation and migration and tissue maturation. (medsci.org)
  • With respect to cadherin 1 (CDH1) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2), the mutational rates for non-neoplastic colorectal mucosa were similar to those in sporadic CRC. (iiarjournals.org)
  • This can either occur by cell surface receptor interactions, as in the case with peptide growth factors, or by interactions with intracellular molecules, as in the case with steroid hormones. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • 2003). FGF molecules bind to a family of receptor molecules consisting of 4 members (FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, and FGFR4). (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) acts through its receptor KDR, a receptor tyrosine kinase 85. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
  • Mice that are homozygous for a targeted disruption of the LDL receptor gene (LDLR-/- mice) were fed a diet that contained 1.25% cholesterol, 7.5% cocoa butter, 7.5% casein, and 0.5% cholic acid. (jci.org)
  • Fibroblast growth factor homologous factors are intracellular signaling proteins. (nih.gov)
  • Extensive evidence has revealed that the core clock machinery involves "clock genes" and "clock proteins" functioning as molecular cogs. (bioone.org)
  • By contrast, the 10 downregulated genes were primarily associated with epithelial membrane proteins ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Translation of these hexanucleotide repeat sequences gives rise to dipeptide-repeat proteins, which form intracellular protein aggregates in neuronal and non-neuronal cells of affected patients. (europa.eu)
  • Gene sequencing revealed that this group was in fact the same FGF2 protein and that it was a member of a family of FGF proteins. (wikidoc.org)
  • This domain occurred 286 times on human genes ( 652 proteins). (umbc.edu)
  • Proteins that act both at the cell surface and intracellularly will be discussed in this thesis, with particular emphasis on the fibroblast growth factors. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • GS-002 also induced endoplasmic reticular (ER) stress as evidenced by increases in ER stress-responsive proteins including glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), growth arrest- and DNA damage-inducible gene 153 (GADD153), phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2 α (eIF2 α ), phosphorylated protein endoplasmic-reticular-resident kinase (PERK), and ATF-3. (hindawi.com)
  • The regulatory proteins, SMADs activate nuclear transcription factors through MAPK 132. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
  • Cellular proteins encoded by the c-mos genes (GENES, MOS). (bvsalud.org)
  • Currently, four members of the FGFR family (FGFR1-4) have been identified which are composed of an extracellular Ig-like domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular kinase domain (1) . (aacrjournals.org)
  • The FGFR family is characterized by four receptors, binding to 18 ligands called fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), employing heparin as a co-factor [2-4]. (123dok.org)
  • There is a total of seven signalling receptors, encoded by four FGFR genes, FGFR1-4 [15]. (123dok.org)
  • 2. A full length cDNA clone encoding a FGFR-1/flg gene was isolated by screening this cDNA library. (mun.ca)
  • Acidic fibroblast growth factor intracellular-binding protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FIBP gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Of the 31 genes, the 21 upregulated genes were primarily associated with cell paracrine and intracellular signaling, transcription regulation and cell adhesion and migration, and their transcriptional products included transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 and transcriptional factor AP-2α/γ ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Xrp1 is a DNA-binding protein that is involved in gene expression regulation. (europa.eu)
  • Mechanistically, FGF11 regulated Npy gene expression through the glycogen synthase kinase 3-cAMP response element-binding protein pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study we used phosphorylation of the transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein as a functional readout to identify cells responding to EGF and FGF-2. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Acidic fibroblast growth factor is mitogenic for a variety of different cell types and acts by stimulating mitogenesis or inducing morphological changes and differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Subconjunctival fibrosis is mediated by the activities of human Tenon's fibroblasts (HTFs), which initiate myofibroblast differentiation upon stimulation by many fibrogenic factors. (molvis.org)
  • Using a model of TGF-β stimulated OA synovial fibroblasts, FsK treatment resulted in a reduction in the expression of collagen type I, a major component of fibrosis and α2 smooth muscle actin, a marker of fibroblast differentiation to myofibroblasts. (chapman.edu)
  • The glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factors (GDNFs), a family of neurotrophic factors, were initially thought to be able to regulate the growth, survival, and differentiation of neural-derived cell types. (medsci.org)
  • A wide array of chemical substances can influence cell growth and differentiation. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • The Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors/Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFRs/FGFs) axis offers interesting molecular targets to be pursued in clinical development. (123dok.org)
  • Fibroblast growth factors , or FGFs , are a family of growth factors involved in wound healing and embryonic development. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • However, FGFs 11-14, also known as FGF homologous factors 1-4 (FHF1-FHF4), have been shown to have distinct functional differences compared to the FGFs. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Although these factors possess remarkably similar sequence homology, they do not bind FGFRs and are involved in intracellular processes unrelated to the FGFs (Olsen et al. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Additional screens for MMTV provirus entry sites in tumors revealed several other upregulated genes that are associated with other gene development pathways such as INT2, INT3, and INT4 [4,5,6]. (chemdiv.com)
  • The current research aims to identify shared molecular gene signatures and pathways that affirm the epidemiological association of T2DM and TB and afford clues on mechanistic basis of their association through integrative systems biology and bioinformatics approaches. (springeropen.com)
  • Furthermore, these two genes are modulators in clusters C4 and C5, abundant in cytokine/chemokine signalling and Jak-STAT signalling pathways. (springeropen.com)
  • Ornitz and Itoh, 2015), and through FGFRs activate well-known intracellular signaling cascades to change gene expression, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT, and phospholipase C (PLC) pathways (Musci et al. (likemap.me)
  • E-cad and N-cad have been shown to be able to interact with the receptors of different growth factors, which suggests that cadherins are involved in the modulation of signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Schematic inflammatory pathways involving growth factors, vasomodulators, and infectious stimuli in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
  • We believe that decisive treatment benefit can only be achieved by targeting distinct cell types and pathways that collectively sustain tumor growth. (lu.se)
  • However, it is becoming increasingly clear that these factors and their receptors are also widely found to express across many different cancers with further research. (medsci.org)
  • The FIBP protein is an intracellular protein that binds selectively to acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF). (wikipedia.org)
  • They then further fractionated the extract using acidic and basic pH and isolated two slightly different forms that were named 'acidic fibroblast growth factor' (FGF1) and 'basic fibroblast growth factor' (FGF2). (beauty104.com.tw)
  • This paper reports that loss of function of the Drosophila gene cabeza (the Drosophila equivalent of the human FUS gene, mutations in which can cause a familial form of the motor neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or ALS) induces muscle developmental defects. (europa.eu)
  • D-2-HG induces gene expression changes in fibroblasts. (bmj.com)
  • We found that the sole presence of N-cad induces constitutively active fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) signaling and a precocious involution resulting in massive apoptosis of alveolar cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ATF-3 induces DNA synthesis and expression of cyclin D1 in hepatocytes [ 21 ] and is involved in serum-induced cell proliferation as a target gene of c-myc [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Expanded directly binds conserved regions of Fat to restrain growth via the Hippo pathway. (wustl.edu)
  • Primary cultured HTFs were incubated with transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) alone or combined with nintedanib, and cell proliferation and migration were measured by cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) and the scratch wound assay, respectively. (molvis.org)
  • 4 Heterologous type I collagen (HTIC) has been shown to promote cell and fibroblast proliferation and improve cutaneous extracellular matrix metabolism. (jcadonline.com)
  • PRG4 regulates synovial proliferation and inflammation and FsK treatment enhanced PRG4 expression by OA fibroblasts. (chapman.edu)
  • Inhibits early osteoblast proliferation at growth plate during skeletal development. (kxcdn.com)
  • Stimulates cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) proliferation by a rapid genomic response through the EGFR/ERK transduction pathway. (kxcdn.com)
  • Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) induce the proliferation of neural precursor cells isolated from specific regions of the embryonic and adult brain. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Not long after FGF1 and FGF2 were isolated, another group isolated a pair of heparin -binding growth factors which they named HBGF-1 and HBGF-2, whilst a third group isolated a pair of growth factors that caused proliferation of cells in a bioassay containing blood vessel endothelium cells which they called ECGF-1 and ECGF-2. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • 3 D-2-HG promotes biliary tumor formation through cancer cell-intrinsic effects, 4-6 but D-2-HG can also act as a paracrine factor released by IDH1-mutant cancer cells into the tumor microenvironment to promote tumor growth through non-cell intrinsic mechanisms. (bmj.com)
  • 7 8 We have performed studies to determine the paracrine effects of D-2-HG on fibroblasts to further examine the CCA tumor microenvironment. (bmj.com)
  • Methods To determine if fibroblasts are paracrine targets of D-2-HG in the CCA TME, we treated LX-2 hepatic stellate fibroblast cells with 0-50mM exogenous D-2-HG and utilized liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to quantify the amount of intracellular D-2-HG. (bmj.com)
  • Both dipeptide deletions result in the removal of consensus phosphorylation sites for Protein Kinase C ( PKC ) which may have consequences on intracellular signal transduction and the regulation of embryonic development. (mun.ca)
  • However, an active role of metalloproteinases (MMP), growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and a crucial role of inflammatory elements and cytokines was demonstrated. (frontiersin.org)
  • Fibroblast growth factor protein was first purified in 1975, but soon afterwards others using different conditions isolated basic FGF, Heparin-binding growth factor-2, and Endothelial cell growth factor-2. (wikidoc.org)
  • Specifically, molecular interactions between cancer-associated fibroblasts, pericytes and endothelial cells are explored with a special focus on novel anti-cancer strategies. (lu.se)
  • This development occurs under the influence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), which is secreted by various cell types (eg, endothelial cells, fibroblasts). (msdmanuals.com)
  • This gene encodes a scaffold protein that is thought to be involved in the regulation of the c-Jun amino-terminal kinase signaling pathway. (nih.gov)
  • Furthermore, itraconazole enhanced the immunosuppressive activity of MDSCs to boost tumor growth by suppressing the RIPK3-AKT-mTORC1 pathway and impeding cholesterol synthesis. (bvsalud.org)
  • We show that dysregulation of appropriate expression of components of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathway contributes to muscle developmental defects in cabeza mutant Drosophila. (europa.eu)
  • Proviral infection at the "site of the highest degree" was thought to be the mechanism of carcinogenesis, giving the first name to the gene found along this pathway as INT1. (chemdiv.com)
  • Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and its associated signaling pathway mediated by ALK5, plays an important role in synovial fibrosis and blocking TGF-β's effect prevents synovial fibrosis. (chapman.edu)
  • Thus, distinct extrinsic signaling inputs can converge on a common intracellular signal transduction pathway to coordinate the appropriate expression of redundant guidance cues that direct growth cone behavior at a guidance choice point. (likemap.me)
  • GO-AgNPs induced significant cytotoxicity by the loss of cell viability, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell cycle arrest, increasing leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and level of Malondialdehyde (MDA), increasing expression of pro-apoptotic genes and decreasing expression of anti-apoptotic genes. (researchsquare.com)
  • In combination with a conditional gene inactivation approach, we expressed N-cad in the absence of E-cad (referred to as Ncadk.i.) in alveolar epithelial cells of the mammary gland starting in late pregnancy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • E-cadherin (E-cad, Cdh1) is the founding member of the cadherin gene family and is essential for the integrity of epithelial tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genes mainly involved in coding adhesion molecules and growth factors have also been found to be upregulated in other types of CAFs, including colon ( 12 ) and pancreatic ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The local tumour microenvironment is the milieu within which the tumour develops, and includes tumour blood vessels, other cells types (e.g. immune cells, fibroblasts, adipocytes), soluble growth factors and signalling molecules. (otago.ac.nz)
  • However, abnormal expression or aberrant activation of these molecules may convert normal growth signals to undesirable signals inducing overgrowth, becoming an important contributor to a variety of human cancers. (medsci.org)
  • Intracellular antigens (eg, viruses) can be processed and presented to CD8 cytotoxic T cells by any nucleated cell because all nucleated cells express class I MHC molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
  • 90% non-neoplastic cells, mainly T- and B-lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages, eosinophils and fibroblasts. (haematologica.org)
  • At infection sites, activated T cells secrete cytokines (eg, interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma]) that induce production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, preventing macrophages from leaving. (msdmanuals.com)
  • M2 "alternatively activated" anti-inflammatory macrophages are stimulated predominantly by cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13. (msdmanuals.com)
  • It is a facultative intracellular bacterium that multiplies within macrophages. (cdc.gov)
  • Recurrent, hotspot mutations in the IDH1 gene are found in 10-20% of CCAs and can be targeted with mutant IDH1 inhibitors, though objective responses leading to a reduction in tumor size are rare. (bmj.com)
  • CAFs are different from NFs, and their unique phenotypes and functions are partly determined by differences in gene expression. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Chromosomal abnormalities, HLA phenotypes, and polymorphisms of various genes have been associated with acne. (springer.com)
  • FGF2 , also known as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and FGF-β, is a growth factor and signaling protein encoded by the FGF2 gene . (wikidoc.org)
  • Moreover, ESWT increases the expression of growth factors, such as transforming growth factor β(TGF-β), (VEGF), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), as well as the synthesis of collagen I fibers. (frontiersin.org)
  • Similarly to ESWT, the mechanical stimulation obtained using PEMFs may play a role for treatment of tendinopathy and for tendon regeneration, increasing in vitro TGF-β production, as well as scleraxis and collagen I gene expression. (frontiersin.org)
  • Fine fibrillar collagen, marked edema, large fibroblasts, dilated and congested blood vessels, and inflammatory infiltrates (primarily polymorphonuclear leukocytes and eosinophils) are found. (medscape.com)
  • Early hyalinization is characterized by thickened collagen bundles, moderate numbers of fibroblasts, and inflammatory cells (primarily lymphocytes, eosinophils, and plasma cells). (medscape.com)
  • This study aimed to investigate the effect of nintedanib on the conversion of human Tenon's fibroblasts (HTFs) into myofibroblasts and reveal the molecular mechanisms involved. (molvis.org)
  • The growth cones of axons read redundant molecular cues to navigate through the nervous system and change their direction at axon guidance choice points. (likemap.me)
  • Studies have been performed to identify the teratogenic genes or molecular genetic background of beak deformity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Because culture as a tool is still threatened by the possible existence of uncultivatable organisms, several authors have emphasized the critical role that molecular, culture-independent techniques could play in further investigations of emerging infectious diseases, affirming that a reassessment of Koch's postulates for disease causation was required ( 4 ) . (cdc.gov)
  • Like other FGF family members, basic fibroblast growth factor possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and is involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development , cell growth , morphogenesis , tissue repair , tumor growth and invasion. (wikidoc.org)
  • D-2-HG treated fibroblasts showed significant changes in immune-related gene expression with significant increases in expression of genes involved in immunometabolism, TLR signaling, and inflammasome signaling-as indicated by unsupervised hierarchical clustering (figure 1B). (bmj.com)
  • A number of factors trigger the disease process by causing a juxtaepithelial inflammatory reaction in the oral mucosa. (medscape.com)
  • Several mechanisms to date have been investigated to explain melanocyte destruction, including genetic and autoimmune factors, oxidative stress, inflammatory mediators, and melanocyte detachment mechanisms. (jcadonline.com)
  • 5 SMAD1 functions as an intracellular signal transducer between extracellular TGF-β and the nucleus, where it modulates the transcription of target genes. (haematologica.org)
  • In adipocyte Senp2-de﫿ciency mice, accumulation of the SUMOylated Setdb1 suppressed the expression of Pparg and Cebpa genes as well as lipid metabolism-related target genes, which would decrease the ability of lipid storage in adipocytes. (deepdyve.com)
  • adqcKO Mechanistically, adipocyte Senp2 de﫿ciency caused the downregula- Senp2 mice exhibit an ectopic lipid accumulation and tion of Pparg and Cebpa as well as their downstream target genes insulin resistance related to lipid storage. (deepdyve.com)
  • It thus promotes angiogenesis , the growth of new blood vessels from the pre-existing vasculature. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Recently, a study showed that FOXO4/p53 was interfered by an engineered peptide, which caused targeted apoptosis of the senescent fibroblasts [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Taken together, our study demonstrated that GO-AgNPs potentially induce oxidative damage to DNA, which result in toxicity and cell apoptosis in caprine fetal fibroblast cell due to an increased generation of ROS. (researchsquare.com)
  • Activating transcription factor-(ATF-) 3, a stress-inducible transcription factor, is rapidly upregulated under various stress conditions and plays an important role in inducing cancer cell apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
  • During the progression of colitis, genetic alterations associated with mucosal permeability [ e.g. those in extracellular matrix protein 1 ( ECM1 ), cadherin 1 ( CDH1 ), and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha ( HNF4A )] have been observed and considered to confer the risk of severe UC ( 11 , 12 ). (iiarjournals.org)
  • Associated with EGFR, may act as a transcription factor activating growth regulatory genes (c-fos, cyclin D1). (kxcdn.com)
  • Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) offers several notable benefits, including its potential to mitigate inflammation, its abundance of growth factors, and its capacity to serve as a transient framework for fibroblast migration. (ejournals.ca)
  • The sea urchin embryo is emerging as an attractive model to study morphogenetic processes such as directed migration of mesenchyme cells and cell sheet invagination, but surprisingly, few of the genes regulating these processes have yet been characterized. (biologists.com)
  • The cholesterol-fed LDLR-/- mice offer a new model for the study of environmental and genetic factors that modify the processes of atherosclerosis and xanthomatosis. (jci.org)
  • Using a transgenic mouse model in which an ALS-like mutation was introduced in the mouse Fus gene, we could show that ALS pathology starts at the neuromuscular juction (the transition between motor nerves and skeletal muscle cells), long before motor neuron cell bodies in the spinal cord degenerate. (europa.eu)
  • In partnership with Tempus, bulk RNA sequencing of IDH1-mutant (N=52) and wild type (N=403) CCA patient tumor samples was performed and CIBERSORT was used for deconvolution of gene expression data to define tumor-infiltrating immune cell populations. (bmj.com)
  • Both establish calcium-dependent homophilic cell-cell adhesion with their extracellular domains and are connected with catenins at their intracellular domains [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Associate Professor Margaret Currie is interested in how the tumour microenvironment affects tumour growth, tumour cell metastasis and tumour response to therapy. (otago.ac.nz)
  • However, since 2009 Associate Professor Currie's interests have expanded to include the contribution to tumour progression made by tumour infiltrating immune cell populations, breast cancer stem cell-like populations, and obesity-related factors. (otago.ac.nz)
  • Interleukin (IL)-9-producing subset called Th9 cell, Th22 cells which primarily secrete IL-22, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor- and Th25 cells via producing IL-25 are believed to be important for initiating allergic reactions and developing airway inflammation. (cdc.gov)
  • They function in the cell cycle to maintain MATURATION PROMOTING FACTOR in the active state and have protein-serine/threonine kinase activity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Simultaneous work in the field of developmental biology and work with Drosophila has established the INT1 gene is a homologue of the Drosophila segment polarity gene [2]. (chemdiv.com)
  • 1 One component of this network is transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), which is produced by HRS cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts. (haematologica.org)
  • This signaling cascade was shown to be recurrently inactivated in DLBCL, mainly by hypermethylation of five promoter regions surrounding the SMAD1 transcription start site, which finally generates a significant growth advantage for lymphoma cells. (haematologica.org)
  • Novel understanding in the interaction between immune system and cancer cells of the patient holds great promise for immunotherapy development [ 4 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • However, from the beginning of puberty after thymus degeneration, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) persists due to the chronic activation of cytomegalovirus in humans causing repeated activation of T cells, which is considered the driving factor of human immune aging [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • the growth factor is necessary for the cells to remain in an undifferentiated state, although the mechanisms by which it does this are poorly defined. (wikidoc.org)
  • Results Intracellular D-2-HG was increased in LX-2 cells treated with exogenous D-2-HG compared to controls (figure 1A). (bmj.com)
  • B) Gene expression patterns for 579 immune-related genes in the Nanostring Human Immunology V2 panel for LX-2 cells treated with control media (pink) or 50mM D-2-HG (gray) for 48 hours. (bmj.com)
  • D-2-HG treated cells have a distinct gene expression pattern as indicated by unsupervised hierarchical clustering. (bmj.com)
  • All the various components of the tumour microenvironment can influence tumour growth and spread and, conversely, tumour cells can influence the local tumour microenvironment. (otago.ac.nz)
  • After growth factor treatment for 6 d, a population of nestin-positive cells responding to both EGF and FGF-2 were identified. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • On the other hand, ATF-3 is rapidly induced in cells treated with growth stimulators such as serum and growth factors [ 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • CCL5 (RANTES) and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) attract T and B lymphocytes. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
  • Suppurative lesions become granulomatous, and histopathological examination of the granulomas shows a central necrotic, sometimes caseating, zone surrounded by a layer of epithelioid cells, multinucleated giant cells, and fibroblasts in a radial arrangement, typical of other granulomatous conditions such as tuberculosis and sarcoidosis. (cdc.gov)
  • in one study, 31 genes in breast CAFs, which were identified using Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 and an empirical Bayesian model, were different from those in NFs ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In human, RNase T2 is the only identified member of the RNase T2 family ( 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • (B) Expressions of RNASET2 in human tissues were analyzed in the Human Protein Atlas database, and the resulting transcript expression values, denoted normalized expression (NX), were calculated for each gene in every sample. (frontiersin.org)
  • it is reported ARTN could also combine and activate both GFRα1 and GFRα3 [ 4 ]. (medsci.org)
  • We find that expression in the forebrain is promoted by a distinct set of Fgfrs, Fgfr2-4, from the Fgfr1 that maintains levels. (likemap.me)
  • Here we identify an Fgf-responsive promoter and show that Fgfr2-4 and not Fgfr1 regulate expression. (likemap.me)
  • D-2-HG treated LX-2 fibroblasts and controls were then examined for changes in gene expression across 579 immune-related genes using the Nanostring platform. (bmj.com)
  • The roles of b-catenin are 'classically' defined: as an adhesion protein and as a signaling protein, transducing extracellular signals to the nucleus to modify gene expression. (chemdiv.com)
  • 3 Furthermore, the disappearance of melanocytes has been suggested to be the final step of a complex scenario of deregulated biological events involving keratinocytes and fibroblasts as well. (jcadonline.com)
  • Glucose-induced activation of DAG/PKC signaling in microsomes was not associated with a change in the translocation of Glut-4 transporters from microsomes to the plasma membrane, a biological response that is known to be stimulated by agonists, e.g., phorbol esters, which increase DAG/PKC signaling in plasma membranes, as well as in microsomes. (jci.org)
  • The polymorphisms of LOC426217 gene were associated with the beak deformity trait where the SNPs of G-62 T, T24C, G36C, T222C, and T363C loci maybe used as markers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fibroblast growth factor 11 (FGF11) is a member of the intracellular fibroblast growth factor family. (biomedcentral.com)