Intestinal bacterial pathogens antigens bacterial. Medical search. Frequent questions

Thus additionally, our study indicates that the effects of iron on processes at the intestinal host-pathogen interface may highly depend on host iron status, immune status, and gut microbiota composition. (nih.gov)
Here, we find that bacterial microbiota stimulate a homeostatic ISG signature in the intestine of specific pathogen-free mice. (bvsalud.org)
Dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages are critical to innate and adaptive immunity to the intestinal bacterial microbiota. (tau.ac.il)
The effect of diet on intestinal permeability depends on individual factors, such as the individual's genetic susceptibility, as well as his or her intestinal microbiota. (synlab-sd.com)
Dietary factors can promote an increase in intestinal permeability as a result of changes in intestinal microbiota , such as during metabolic adaptation to a high-fat diet (HFD). (synlab-sd.com)
A recent study showed that fructooligosaccharides (FOS) attenuates liver steatosis, possibly modulating the intestinal microbiota and/or the intestinal barrier function. (synlab-sd.com)
The immune system is trained to ensure a fine balance between the response given to commensal gut microbiota (i.e. homeostatic and healthy situations) and pathogens (i.e. gastrointestinal disorders) [8]. (deepdyve.com)
The intestinal microbiota is recognised as an essential contributor to disease initiation and perpetuation and, therefore, represents an enormous reservoir for the discovery of novel signatures that could be used as biomarkers and predictors for different disease phenotypes or stages. (bmj.com)
Here, alterations in the gut microbiota and intestinal epithelial barrier were investigated as the causes of hippocampal neuroinflammation induced by high-fructose diet. (biomedcentral.com)
Gut microbiota compositional alteration, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) reduction, intestinal epithelial barrier impairment, NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 6 (NLRP6) inflammasome dysfunction, high levels of serum endotoxin, and FITC-dextran were observed in fructose-fed mice. (biomedcentral.com)
Of note, SCFAs, as well as pioglitazone (a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) agonist), shaped the gut microbiota and ameliorated intestinal epithelial barrier impairment and NLRP6 inflammasome dysfunction in fructose-fed mice. (biomedcentral.com)
While the impact of inactivated viral vaccines and live-attenuated bacterial vaccines on the host microbiota have been examined, the potential impact of using subunit vaccines consisting of antigens that are also encoded by commensal organisms has not been investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
Both gut and skin microbiota have essential roles in the protection against invading pathogens, mediating inflammatory conditions, and the modulation of the immune system which is involved in both innate and adaptive immune responses. (encyclopedia.pub)
Intestinal microbiota plays an important role in health. (probioticpack.com)
Hooper, L.V. & Macpherson, A.J. Immune adaptations that maintain homeostasis with the intestinal microbiota. (nature.com)

There, cryptdins, along with other antimicrobial peptides expressed by Paneth cells, contribute to enteric mucosal innate immunity by clearing the intestinal crypt of potential invading pathogens. (wikipedia.org)
Here, we demonstrate that TNF signaling in monocytes is required for bacterial containment following enteric Yersinia infection. (bvsalud.org)
Interferon-lambda (IFN-λ) protects intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) from enteric viruses by inducing expression of antiviral IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). (bvsalud.org)
These pathogens, as well as other enteric bacteria that use contact-dependent secretion systems, represent important threats to food safety, biosecurity, and animal health. (k-state.edu)
MIEP is basically focused on the characterization of the mechanisms underlying immune responses to enteric pathogens by integrating mathematical and computational modeling approaches with experimental data (Figure 2). (nimml.org)

These specific Treg will migrate back to the intestinal mucosa. (frontiersin.org)
The hallmark of the pathologic report was the marked infiltration by foamy macrophages of joints and aortic valves, and prominent deposits of fat within intestinal mucosa and mesenteric lymph nodes, which made Whipple consider this case an obscure disease of fat metabolism and propose the name intestinal lipodystrophy. (medscape.com)
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis colonizes the intestinal mucosa and induces recruitment of neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes into organized immune structures termed pyogranulomas that control the bacterial infection. (bvsalud.org)
Here we uncover that Yp also triggers PG formation within the murine intestinal mucosa. (bvsalud.org)
The large number of macrophages in the intestinal tract, play a significant role in maintaining the homeostasis of microorganisms on the surface of the intestinal mucosa and in the continuous renewal of intestinal epithelial cells. (frontiersin.org)
The intestinal mucosa is the first line of defense for organisms against intestinal pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
This immune barrier is made up of the intestinal mucosa, which aims to allow symbiosis (a beneficial association between two organisms) without developing a condition of chronic inflammation and response to the threat of pathogens. (synlab-sd.com)
Innate immune cells play a decisive role in host fate by enabling high bacterial loads and minimizing the immunological impact of this burden in the gastric mucosa. (nimml.org)

Here we investigated the effect of dietary iron on the pathology and local immune responses in intestinal infection models. (nih.gov)
Together, these data show that iron limitation restricts disease pathology upon bacterial infection. (nih.gov)
Development of specific immunity to these antigens plays a role in protecting against infection. (cdc.gov)
Intestinal lamina propria of AIDS patients with concomitant Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) infection may be packed with PAS-positive granules containing macrophages, but the intracellular bacilli are acid fast. (medscape.com)
Murine norovirus (MNoV) is a well-characterized model of norovirus pathogenesis in vivo, and persistent strains exhibit lifelong intestinal infection. (bvsalud.org)
We previously demonstrated that IFN-λ signaling in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) controls persistent MNoV, and here demonstrate that IFN-λ acts on tuft cells, the exclusive site of MNoV persistence, to limit infection. (bvsalud.org)
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine that mediates antimicrobial defense and granuloma formation in response to infection by numerous pathogens. (bvsalud.org)
Altogether, our work reveals a monocyte-intrinsic TNF-IL-1 collaborative circuit as a crucial driver of intestinal granuloma function, and defines the cellular target of TNF signaling that restricts intestinal Yersinia infection. (bvsalud.org)
Granulomas are organized immune cell aggregates formed in response to chronic infection or antigen persistence. (bvsalud.org)
Their assault can either directly kill pathogens or stimulate the phagocytosis of pathogens to interrupt an infection. (microbiologynote.com)
In this review, we discuss the origin and development of macrophages and their role in the intestinal inflammatory response or infection. (frontiersin.org)
Outbreak studies indicate that most patients with an intestinal E. coli infection develop mild, uncomplicated diarrhea. (eurekaselect.com)
During chronic H. pylori infection hosts develop complex immune responses to cope with bacterial persistence that result in a variety of outcomes ranging from peaceful co-existence to detrimental disease. (nimml.org)
In addition, H. pylori infection also involves neutrophils and increased antigen presenting activity of dendritic cells (DC) [ 9 ]. (nimml.org)
A direct lymphatic link between the Peyer patches and mesenteric lymph nodes may result in bacterial dissemination to these sites, resulting in mesenteric lymphadenitis or systemic infection. (diseasesdic.com)
However, where intestinal mucosal defenses are breached or in the presence of a systemic infection, the liver acts as a second 'firewall', because of its enrichment with innate effector cells able to rapidly respond to infections or tissue dysregulation. (ox.ac.uk)
Periodontal disease is a chronic bacterial infection that affects the gingiva and bone that supports the teeth. (bvsalud.org)

McCole explained that increased intestinal permeability - or leakiness - is a feature of ulcerative colitis and plays a critical role in promoting inflammation. (scienceblog.com)
His team tested tofacitinib in human intestinal epithelial cell lines, as well as in organoids, or colonoids, that were derived from primary human colonic stem cells isolated from human subjects - primarily patients undergoing elective colonoscopy for colon cancer screening - and found tofacitinib repaired inflammation-induced permeability defects in both. (scienceblog.com)
This reproducible immune reaction results from an impaired induction of oral tolerance, i.e., a suppressive immune process at local and systemic levels that physiologically allows harmless dietary proteins to be tolerated by the immune system, thus avoiding chronic intestinal inflammation due to their regular consumption. (frontiersin.org)
They are not only responsible for innate immunity, but also participate in the development of intestinal inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
In addition, the effects of macrophages in the occurrence and development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and their role in inducing fibrosis, activating T cells, reducing colitis, and treating intestinal inflammation were also reviewed in this paper. (frontiersin.org)
Herb-partitioned moxibustion may inhibit excessively activated autophagy and modulate the expression of immune-related factors by regulating the LKB1-mTOR-PI3KC signal transduction networks, thereby alleviating intestinal inflammation in CD rats. (hindawi.com)
According to one study, bovine IgG binds to human allergens and pathogens, limits gastrointestinal inflammation and neutralizes infections of human cells (3). (solarispremium.com)
Thus, a normal intestinal permeability is defined as a stable permeability found in healthy individuals without signs of intoxication, inflammation or impaired intestinal functions. (synlab-sd.com)
Inflammation can significantly increase intestinal permeability and compromise assimilation of nutrients. (scimedicahealth.com)
The extent of inflammation, whether caused by pathogens or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), can be assessed and monitored by examination of the levels of biomarkers such as lysozyme, lactoferrin, white blood cells and mucus. (scimedicahealth.com)
Inflammation is a protective physiological response of an organism to chemical, physical, infectious agents, environmental toxins, ischemia or an antigen-antibody interaction. (biomedcentral.com)

High-energy, high-fat diets increased intestinal permeability, resulting in metabolic endotoxemia (altered permeability due to LPS, a component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria). (synlab-sd.com)

We conclude that despite the conservation of MipA, Skp, and ETEC_2479 among Gram-negative bacteria, vaccination with these antigens fails to alter significantly the host intestinal microbiome. (biomedcentral.com)
To understand the relationship between our bacterial microbiome and health, it is essential to define the microbiome in the absence of disease. (biomedcentral.com)
We describe the bacterial community composition of ten digestive tract sites from more than 200 normal adults enrolled in the Human Microbiome Project, and metagenomically determined metabolic potentials of four representative sites. (biomedcentral.com)
The bacterial microbiome of the human digestive tract contributes to both health and disease. (biomedcentral.com)
Presenters offered new insights into Big Data and Therapeutic Approaches, Intestinal Immunology, and the Microbiome and Epithelial Issues. (krfoundation.org)

In response to bacterial antigens, Paneth cells release their secretory granules into the lumen of intestinal crypts. (wikipedia.org)
As a result, increased permeability of the tight junctions can lead to additional passage of macromolecules from the intestinal lumen and increased immune activation. (synlab-sd.com)
The ideal probes are not metabolized in the intestinal lumen or in the blood, are easily filtered by the glomerulus and are not actively absorbed or secreted in the kidney. (synlab-sd.com)
Y enterocolitica colonization of the intestinal lymphoid tissues requires transmigration of the bacteria from the intestinal lumen across an epithelial tissue barrier. (diseasesdic.com)

The bacterial pathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (Yp) blocks innate inflammatory signalling and immune defence, inducing neutrophil-rich pyogranulomas (PGs) within lymphoid tissues. (bvsalud.org)
My research team has discovered several mechanisms by which bacterial proteins subvert the host innate immune system to promote bacterial colonization and transmission. (k-state.edu)
One of the largest populations of T cells within the human liver are mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, a novel innate-like T-cell population that can recognize a highly conserved antigen derived from the microbial riboflavin synthesis pathway. (ox.ac.uk)

The gastrointestinal epithelium is comprised of cells that have gaps between them, making them selectively permeable and providing a barrier that keeps out pathogens, toxins, and antigens from entering the gut, while allowing the absorption of nutrients. (scienceblog.com)
We found tofacitinib fixes the leakiness in the intestinal barrier," McCole said. (scienceblog.com)
Due to their immunotoxical and biocidal properties, such exposure may disrupt the host-intestinal microbiota's beneficial exchanges and may interfere with intestinal barrier and gut-associated immune system development in fetuses then the neonates. (frontiersin.org)
The establishment of oral tolerance is dependent on the controlled uptake of food proteins through the intestinal epithelial barrier and its delivery to local dendritic cells (DC) that matured in the intestinal pro-tolerogenic environment. (frontiersin.org)
On a certain genetic background, the excessive inflammatory response induced by the immune imbalance of the intestinal host can damage the intestinal tract and its mucosal barrier, which is a key factor affecting the occurrence and development of CD. (hindawi.com)
Research shows that the performance and health of your gastrointestinal tract is highly influenced by factors such as your diet, genetics, nutritional status, stress levels, immune status, gut barrier, and intestinal bacteria (2). (solarispremium.com)
Intestinal permeability is, therefore, the functional characteristic of the intestinal barrier, which can be measured by analyzing the flow rates along the intestinal wall as a whole or by inert substances during the absorption process. (synlab-sd.com)
In addition to vitamin A, vitamin D also appears to play an important role in intestinal barrier. (synlab-sd.com)
Experiments in mice have shown that vitamin D deficiency can compromise the mucosal barrier, leading to an increased susceptibility to mucosal damage and an increased risk of intestinal barrier diseases. (synlab-sd.com)
Among them, butyrate plays an important role in maintaining the intestinal barrier, in which its deficiency causes lesions in the tight junction, altering intestinal permeability. (synlab-sd.com)
In addition to the effects of the fermentation products of prebiotics such as short-chain fatty acids, prebiotics can stabilize the intestinal barrier. (synlab-sd.com)
Our findings reveal that gut dysbiosis is a critical factor for a high-fructose diet-induced hippocampal neuroinflammation in C57BL/6N mice possibly mediated by impairing intestinal epithelial barrier. (biomedcentral.com)
Mechanistically, the defective colonic NLRP6 inflammasome is responsible for intestinal epithelial barrier impairment. (biomedcentral.com)
SCFAs can stimulate NLRP6 inflammasome and ameliorate the impairment of intestinal epithelial barrier, resulting in the protection against a high-fructose diet-induced hippocampal neuroinflammation and neuronal loss. (biomedcentral.com)

Janelle Ayres, PhD , at the Salk Institute explored the central question of her work: How can we drive the evolution of a pathogen into a commensal? (krfoundation.org)

Against a wide range of bacterial and protozoan infections, this sort of cell-mediated immune response is very crucial. (microbiologynote.com)
He was also a scientist, researching potential therapeutic rehydration solutions for children affected by severe intestinal infections. (pasteur.fr)
As a pathogen, E. coli are the most frequent causes of bacterial infections, including urinary tract infections, diarrheal disease, and other clinical infections such as neonatal meningitis, pneumonia and bacteremia. (eurekaselect.com)
The Drosophila Toll pathway is required in the host defenses against several Gram-positive bacterial infections as well as against fungal infections. (cnrs.fr)
Other viral and bacterial tests for respiratory infections are often limited to testing for one specific pathogen. (medlineplus.gov)

Moreover, genetic and simple obesity share similar structural and functional features of dysbiosis, such as higher production of toxins with known potential to induce metabolic deteriorations (e.g. trimethylamine-N-oxide and indoxyl sulphate), higher abundance of genomes containing genes coding enzymes involved in the production of these toxic co-metabolites and higher abundance of pathways for biosynthesis of bacterial antigens (such as endotoxin) [13-15]. (deepdyve.com)

The goal of this study was to define how bacterial pathogens exploit eukaryotic secretory pathways. (k-state.edu)
This model also permits the quantification of mouse survival, bacterial clearance, and host immune responses, and stimulates mucosal immune responses, especially secretory IgA (sIgA) responses that are important to blocking bacterial adherence to mucosal surfaces. (biomedcentral.com)

MAIT cells are emerging as significant players in the human immune system, associated with an increasing number of clinical diseases of bacterial, viral, autoimmune and cancerous origin. (ox.ac.uk)
However, with the advent of novel diagnostic technologies, viral respiratory pathogens are increasingly being identified as frequent etiologies of CAP. (medscape.com)
The most common viral pathogens recovered from hospitalized patients admitted with CAP include human rhinovirus and influenza . (medscape.com)

Antibodies identify microbial antigens, combine precisely with the antigens, counteract the infectiousness of microorganisms, and target bacteria for elimination via a variety of effector mechanisms. (microbiologynote.com)
On the other hand, phagosomes are formed when the pathogen is engulfed by macrophages and fuse with lysosomes to release enzymes and toxic substances, resulting in killing or having cytotoxic effects on bacteria and tumor cells. (frontiersin.org)
When your immune system is impaired or compromised, it does not respond as efficiently to pathogens that might make you sick or leave you feeling run down, such as bacteria or viruses. (solarispremium.com)
Moreover, although the abundance of most protein groups reflected that of related bacterial populations, we found a specific independent regulation of bacteria-derived cell envelope proteins. (bmj.com)
Culture-independent diagnostic tests (CIDTs) have changed the way that laboratory tests identify pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. (cdc.gov)
An alteration of the intestinal bacteria results in microbial dysbiosis. (encyclopedia.pub)
A state of dysbiosis is characterized by a reduction in bacterial species diversity and a decrease in beneficial bacteria. (encyclopedia.pub)
A pathogen is a virus, bacteria, or other organism that causes an illness. (medlineplus.gov)

These organic acids include acetate, propionate, butyrate and valerate, which are produced by intestinal microbial fermentation of undigested carbohydrates in the colon. (synlab-sd.com)
Moreover, it is well recognized that the excessive use of broad-spectrum antibiotics can affect the relative proportions of gut microbial populations and foster bacterial resistance [24]. (deepdyve.com)

The "pro-tolerogenic" antigen-loaded DC will migrate to draining mesenteric lymph nodes, where they will present the food protein-derived peptides to naive T cells and favour the induction of a subpopulation of T cells, namely regulatory T cells (Treg). (frontiersin.org)

There is a vast selection of vaccines against numerous microbiological pathogens. (microbiologynote.com)
These vaccines may be live, dead, or comprised of bacterial components. (microbiologynote.com)
both bacterial ghost vaccines (BGVs) were safe and effective, according to the results of the safety check tests and histopathological analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
In many cases, vaccines are not available or are ineffective, and the basic molecular microbiology of the host-pathogen interaction is relatively poorly understood. (k-state.edu)
The goal of this study was to identify protective antigens for future development of ETEC vaccines. (k-state.edu)
Conjugate vaccines in which polysaccharide antigens are covalently linked to carrier proteins belong to the most effective and safest vaccines against bacterial pathogens. (biomedcentral.com)
In contrast to isolated bacterial polysaccharides, conjugate vaccines induce a long-lasting T-lymphocyte dependent immunological memory [ 4 , 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However, these conventional vaccines require a large supply of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) embryonated eggs and vaccine production requires a long timeline that could be threatened during pandemic situations. (biomedcentral.com)

The resulting dysregulated intestinal homeostasis in the infant may significantly impede the induction of oral tolerance, a crucial process of immune unresponsiveness to food antigens. (frontiersin.org)

In ulcerative colitis, this epithelial permeability becomes leaky, allowing bacterial products to cross into the gut and nutrients and water to leak out. (scienceblog.com)
Specifically, it fixes intestinal epithelial permeability defects caused by 'interferon-gamma,' an inflammatory cytokine involved in autoimmune diseases such as ulcerative colitis and rheumatoid arthritis. (scienceblog.com)
Intestinal permeability: Everything you need to know about the root of many diseases. (synlab-sd.com)
Intestinal permeability refers to the property of the membranes of the intestinal tract in allowing the passage of different macromolecules. (synlab-sd.com)
The interaction of physical and immunological barriers allows to maintain the intestinal permeability balance. (synlab-sd.com)
What is intestinal permeability? (synlab-sd.com)
Fractional urinary excretion can, therefore, be used as an indirect measure of intestinal permeability. (synlab-sd.com)
What are the causes of the change in intestinal permeability? (synlab-sd.com)
What are the effects of diet, use of prebiotics and probiotics on intestinal permeability? (synlab-sd.com)
Studies with children with subclinical vitamin A deficiency have shown that serum retinol concentrations are inversely correlated with intestinal permeability. (synlab-sd.com)
Celiac disease (CD) is often undiagnosed and is caused in genetically predisposed individuals by abnormal intestinal permeability and abnormal immune response to gluten, a protein complex found in wheat, barley, spelt and rye. (scimedicahealth.com)

The term "typical" CAP refers to a bacterial pneumonia caused by pathogens such as S pneumoniae , H influenzae , and M catarrhalis . (medscape.com)

Lamina propria DCs were found to depend on the chemokine receptor CX 3 CR1 to form transepithelial dendrites, which enable the cells to directly sample luminal antigens. (tau.ac.il)
The lamina propria of the small intestine is the main site of the intestinal immune system, which contains a large number of macrophages, CD4 T cells, and dendritic cells. (frontiersin.org)

Identifying broadly conserved, protective antigens is important to vaccine development. (biomedcentral.com)

Adaptive immunity not only involves a memory to protect the host from reinfection with the same type of pathogen, but also to promote an effective and rapid response upon re-exposure. (microbiologynote.com)
Active immunity is the immunity induced by exposure to a foreign antigen. (microbiologynote.com)
Active immunity is the resistance that an individual develops in response to encounter with external antigens, such as microbes. (microbiologynote.com)
After a latent period during which the host's immunity is primed to operate against the pathogen, active immunity emerges. (microbiologynote.com)
When one or more of these factors is disrupted, it can compromise your immune system response and lead to immunity or intestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (2). (solarispremium.com)
Identifying and characterizing conserved ETEC antigens that induce protective immunity is therefore of interest. (biomedcentral.com)

What is a respiratory pathogens (RP) panel? (medlineplus.gov)
A respiratory pathogens (RP) panel checks for pathogens in the respiratory tract. (medlineplus.gov)
Why do I need a respiratory pathogens panel? (medlineplus.gov)
What happens during a respiratory pathogens panel? (medlineplus.gov)
You don't need any special preparations for a respiratory pathogens panel. (medlineplus.gov)

Shigella organisms are a group of gram-negative, facultative intracellular pathogens. (medscape.com)

The gut needs to produce a strong protective immune response to resist the invasion of pathogenic antigens, while similar reactions to harmless antigens such as dietary proteins or symbiotic microorganisms, may lead to chronic inflammatory diseases. (frontiersin.org)
Additionally, bacterial virulence proteins utilize many molecular mechanisms that are also conserved among viruses of importance to biosecurity. (k-state.edu)
Two different periplasmic carrier proteins, AcrA from C. jejuni and a toxoid form of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin were glycosylated with Shigella O antigens in E. coli . (biomedcentral.com)
Y enterocolitica and the related pathogen Y pseudotuberculosis produce at least 3 invasion proteins, Ail, YadA, and the aforementioned invasin, which could potentially promote adherence to and invasion of M cells. (diseasesdic.com)

He identified periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-staining granules, most likely representing degenerating bacterial forms, within macrophages isolated from the small bowel as well as other tissue and fluid specimens (eg, pericardium, endocardium, lymph nodes, synovia, lung, brain, meninges) obtained from patients in whom Whipple disease was suspected. (medscape.com)
A clear understanding of the function of macrophages, as well as their role in pathogens and inflammatory response, will delineate the next steps in the treatment of intestinal inflammatory diseases. (frontiersin.org)
Besides the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6), the increased expression of receptor repertoire (pattern recognition receptors, PRR) on APCs, mostly macrophages and dendritic cells, occurs as a result of the release of endogenous and exogenous antigens (damage-associated molecular patterns, DAMPs, and pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs). (hindawi.com)
We performed a time series RNAseq experiement on macrophages infected with H. pylori to gain a global perspective of host-pathogen interactions. (nimml.org)

We report that bacterial interaction with the host intracellular environment caused significant suppression of regulatory NLRC3 and NLRX1 in a pattern inverse to early regulatory responses. (nimml.org)
As shown in figure 1, the inflammatory response towards H. pylori is initiated through the interaction between the pathogen lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and the Toll-like receptors (TLR) expressed on gastric epithelial cells [ 6 ]. (nimml.org)

We compared the frequency of sIgA to major surface antigens of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) in milk of 123 women from the United States and Mexico to determine whether regional differences existed in the frequency of antibodies to these surface antigens. (cdc.gov)
Proteomic analysis of the intestinal epithelial cell response to enteropathogenic Escherichia coli . (k-state.edu)
Heat-labile enterotoxin promotes Escherichia coli adherence to intestinal epithelial cells. (k-state.edu)

Pathogens are countered by a proliferation of T cells and B cells that have been activated and are specific to molecular structures on the invading pathogen. (microbiologynote.com)
Conclusions This study provides the first evidence that quantifiable bacterial protein signals are associated with CD, which can have a profound impact on future molecular diagnosis. (bmj.com)
Dozens of bacterial factors are involved in H. pylori molecular pathogenesis (i.e. flagella, urease, catalase, neutrophil-activating protein Nap-A, vacA and cagA). (nimml.org)
The integration of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from microorganisms with their surface receptors in the immune cells, induces the production of several cytokines and chemokines that presents either a pro- and/or anti-inflammatory role by stimulating the secretion of a great variety of antibody subtypes and the activation of mechanisms of controlling the disease, such as the regulatory T cells. (bvsalud.org)

Cathelin-related antimicrobial peptide antigens in neutrophils were detected by indirect immunofluorescence. (casr-signal.com)

Various environmental factors during perinatal life may alter the establishment of intestinal homeostasis, thereby predisposing individuals to the development of such immune-related diseases. (frontiersin.org)
After university, Javier attended a school of veterinary medicine, where he began his research on bacterial diseases with Dr. Edgardo Moreno. (pasteur.fr)
A disruption of the intestinal microflora and its associated consequences can influence the pathology of various diseases, including aging [ 10 ] [ 11 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
As a medical epidemiologist at CDC since 2012 she is a subject matter expert on various bacterial vector-borne diseases including Lyme disease. (cdc.gov)

Yersinia lacking virulence factors that target actin polymerization to block phagocytosis and reactive oxygen burst do not induce PGs, indicating that intestinal PGs form in response to Yp disruption of cytoskeletal dynamics. (bvsalud.org)
As a foodborne pathogen, Y enterocolitica can efficiently colonize and induce disease in the small intestine. (diseasesdic.com)

Homeostatic regulation of intestinal epithelia by intraepithelial γδ T cells. (nature.com)

Colonization by EHEC is related to the pathogen's ability to form attaching and effacing lesions (intestinal mucosal changes seen in transmission electron microscopy and originally seen in intestines of animals infected with enteropathogenic E. coli [EPEC]) ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)

Food allergy (FA) is an inappropriate immune response against dietary antigens. (frontiersin.org)

My laboratory is interested in understanding, treating, and preventing diarrheal disease caused by bacterial pathogens. (k-state.edu)

Results Our 2D-DIGE-based discovery approach revealed an imbalance of intestinal bacterial functions in CD. (bmj.com)
The augmented water content in the stools (above the normal value of approximately 10 mL/kg/d in the infant and young child, or 200 g/d in the teenager and adult) is due to an imbalance in the physiology of the small and large intestinal processes involved in the absorption of ions, organic substrates, and thus water. (medscape.com)

Mice were held on iron-deficient, normal iron, or high iron diets and after 2 weeks they were orally challenged with the pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. (nih.gov)
However, our data also showed decreased intestinal inflammatory responses of mice fed on high iron diets. (nih.gov)

In this study we describe the in vivo biosynthesis of two novel conjugate vaccine candidates against Shigella dysenteriae type 1, an important bacterial pathogen causing severe gastro-intestinal disease states mainly in developing countries. (biomedcentral.com)

These cells play a key role in early resistance to intestinal pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
WGS data is also used to identify pathogen characteristics, such as serotype, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance. (cdc.gov)
In addition, the toxin does not appear to be produced at temperatures higher than 30°C. The plasmid-mediated outer membrane antigens are associated with bacterial resistance to opsonization and neutrophil phagocytosis. (diseasesdic.com)

The intestinal tract is the largest independent immune system in the body. (frontiersin.org)
The digestive tract includes diverse habitats and hosts the human body's greatest bacterial density. (biomedcentral.com)

It occurs in response to exposure to a pathogen and is mediated by antibodies and T lymphocytes (helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells). (microbiologynote.com)
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes were determined as the cellular effectors of GVHD, and the key role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in T-lymphocyte activation was established during the following years [ 11 , 12 ]. (hindawi.com)

However, CIDTs usually do not provide important information such as whether the pathogen is a particularly harmful strain, how it will respond to antimicrobial agents, or if it recently has been found in others who are sick, suggesting an outbreak might be occurring. (cdc.gov)

1907: Whipple proposed the name of "intestinal lipodystrophy" for a new, distinctive clinical syndrome. (medscape.com)
Historical clues and physical examination findings may suggest a causative pathogen, but the clinical signs and symptoms of CAP are not sufficiently specific to reliably differentiate the exact etiologic agent. (medscape.com)

Changes to healthy intestinal balance may result in the development of liver disorders including fatty liver disease, hepatic encephalopathy, and liver cirrhosis. (probioticpack.com)
The gut supplies blood to the portal system and intestinal blood content activates liver functions. (probioticpack.com)
Going the other way, the liver secretes bile and influences intestinal function. (probioticpack.com)

Helicobacter pylori is a common gastric pathogen that causes gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma, and low-grade gastric lymphoma. (msdmanuals.com)

Based on biochemical variations and O-antigen variants, these species are further split into different serotypes. (biomedcentral.com)
There are many microorganisms colonized in the human intestine, and more than 1000 bacterial species in the intestinal ecosystem of a single individual. (frontiersin.org)

Diagnosis is by urea breath test, stool antigen test, and testing of endoscopic biopsy samples. (msdmanuals.com)

Although it takes much longer-days or weeks-for the adaptive, or acquired, immune response to become established, it is more specific to pathogens and has memory. (microbiologynote.com)
CIDTs work by detecting the presence of a gene or antigen associated with a specific pathogen. (cdc.gov)
As a systemic pathogen, it has to cope with a scarcity of specific nutrients in the host environment, chief among them iron. (prelekara.sk)
A positive result means a specific pathogen was found. (medlineplus.gov)

At the site of bacterial attachment, the host cell membrane forms a pedestal-like structure. (cdc.gov)
The EspA organelle is used to transfer the translocated intimin receptor (Tir), which is then inserted into the host cell membrane, where it binds to intimin, a bacterial outer membrane protein ( 9 , 10 ) and triggers the host cytoskeletal events that lead to attaching/effacing lesion formation. (cdc.gov)
This work reveals an unappreciated site of Yersinia intestinal invasion and defines host and pathogen drivers of intestinal granuloma formation. (bvsalud.org)
They correspond to functions allowing opportunistic pathogens to colonise the mucus layers, breach the host barriers and invade the mucosae, which could still be aggravated by decreased host-derived pancreatic zymogen granule membrane protein GP2 in CD patients. (bmj.com)
This study extends our understanding of the pathway of host heme utilization by fungal pathogens, and provides new insights into the question of how nutrients such as heme cross the fungal cell wall. (prelekara.sk)
13. DohertyCP (2007) Host-pathogen interactions: the role of iron. (prelekara.sk)
Cooperative strategies use adaptation mechanisms that tolerate the pathogen while defending against damage to the host. (krfoundation.org)
Once inside the host cells, it localizes under the point of bacterial attachment and interacts with the protein zonulin (ZO-1) and the junctional adhesion molecule (JAM) [ 4 ]. (nimml.org)

Anatomy19

Organisms57

Diseases22

Chemicals and Drugs88

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Phenomena and Processes45

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science4

Health Care4

Microbiota15

Enteric5

Mucosa8

Infection17

Inflammation11

Increased intestinal permeability1

Microbiome5

Lumen4

Innate3

Barrier14

Commensal1

Infections5

Toxins1

Secretory2

Viral3

Bacteria8

Microbial2

Mesenteric lymph1

Vaccines8

Food antigens1

Permeability11

Pneumonia1

Lamina propria2

Protective antigens1

Immunity6

Respiratory pathogens5

Intracellular pathogens1

Proteins4

Macrophages4

Interaction2

Escherichia3

Molecular4

Neutrophils1

Diseases4

Induce2

Homeostatic1

Coli1

Dietary1

Diarrheal disease1

Imbalance2

Mice2

Shigella1

Resistance3

Tract2

Lymphocytes2

Antimicrobial1

Clinical2

Liver3

Helicobacter1

Species2

Stool1

Specific4

Host8