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Environmental ExposureInternational CooperationEnvironmental PollutantsEnvironmental HealthInternational AgenciesGene-Environment InteractionCarcinogens, EnvironmentalEnvironmental MonitoringOccupational ExposureInternationalityInternational Normalized RatioPesticidesLeadAir PollutantsRisk FactorsEnvironmentEnvironmental IllnessAir Pollution, IndoorPolychlorinated BiphenylsBenzeneEpidemiologic StudiesDichlorodiphenyl DichloroethyleneEpidemiological MonitoringCadmiumMaternal ExposureUnited StatesGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseCase-Control StudiesZeolitesInternational Classification of DiseasesRisk AssessmentAsthmaUnited States Environmental Protection AgencyEndocrine DisruptorsHazardous SubstancesPolycyclic Hydrocarbons, AromaticTobacco Smoke PollutionEuropeHousingPregnancyNew OrleansInhalation ExposureCadmium PoisoningSmokingEnvironmental PollutionPrenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsAir PollutionGreat Lakes RegionSorbic AcidBody BurdenEpigenesis, GeneticDisease SusceptibilityInternational Educational ExchangeCohort StudiesAllergensInfant, NewbornFood ContaminationArsenicEpigenomicsHypersensitivityPublic HealthNeoplasmsDustGenotypeAsbestos, AmphiboleWorld HealthToxicologyRespiratory Tract DiseasesMultiple Chemical SensitivityWorld Health OrganizationHydrocarbons, ChlorinatedBiological MarkersPrevalenceQuestionnairesChild WelfareRespiratory SoundsCross-Sectional StudiesIndustryMesotheliomaAir Pollutants, OccupationalIncidenceOccupational DiseasesLead PoisoningInsecticidesPolymorphism, GeneticSick Building SyndromeDNA AdductsEpidemiologic MethodsResearch DesignCedrusVehicle EmissionsDioxinsChlorpyrifosAsbestosBelgiumCongresses as TopicAsbestosisMetals, HeavyGeographic Information SystemsReproducibility of Results
AssessmentToxic exposuresEpidemiologyDermal exposureAbstractLead exposureHazardsRisksHumansToxicantSoilNIOSHPesticide exposureBiomarkersPollutants2018ToxicologyParticulate matterOccupational exposu2020ISESAgency for Research on CancerHumanEmissionsFetalAirborneInterplay2023RatiosWorld Health OrganRadiationProgrammeDiseaseRiskAttributableAdultsHarmfulChildhoodIllnessConcentrationsMethodsVitroPollutionConclusionChronicTobaccoPesticidesCadmiumChemicalsPotentiallyConcentrationPermissibleLong-term exposureToxinsAmbientCumulativeResearchWorkplacePreventionNational Center for Environmental Health
Assessment13
  • The formation of this society was at least partially in response to a National Research Committee (NRC) on Exposure Assessment that held a series of meetings and workshops beginning in 1987 that formed the foundation of exposure science and defined basic principles. (wikipedia.org)
  • Brouwer D.H., Kroese R., and van Hemmen J.J. Transfer of contaminants from surface to hands: experimental assessment of linearity of the exposure process, adherence to the skin, and area exposed during fixed pressure and repeated contact with surfaces contaminated with a powder. (nature.com)
  • The use of CDFs in distance-based environmental exposure assessment provides more robust results than the use of discrete buffer distances. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The use of aggregated data at the census tract or block group level introduces substantial bias in environmental exposure assessment, which can be reduced through individual geocoding. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Existing GIS analysis techniques are well suited to determine CDFs as well as reliably geocode large datasets, and computational issues do not present a barrier for their more widespread use in environmental exposure and risk assessment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have been used extensively in recent years for the assessment of exposure to environmental pollution and related health risks. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This book reviews the information necessary to address the steps in exposure assessment relevant to air pollution . (environmental-expert.com)
  • The main objective of the book is to contribute to the existing knowledge and practical application of modern technologies for exposure and risk assessment of chemical environmental pollution with emphasis on methodologies and the models used for environmental security. (environmental-expert.com)
  • All of the necessary components of the risk assessment framework-hazard identification, hazard characterisation, exposure assessment, and risk characterisation-can be used to address cigarette smoke constituents. (bmj.com)
  • Do you want to learn how to apply existing guidance and approaches in exposure assessment? (wur.nl)
  • The online training course on Exposure Assessment of plant protection products offers you an attractive mix of interactive live sessions and online self-study, supporting PDF's and hands-on assignments. (wur.nl)
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY INTRODUCTION The Environmental Health Criteria (EHC) monographs produced by the International Programme on Chemical Safety include an assessment of the effects on the environment and on human health of exposure to a chemical or combination of chemicals, or physical or biological agents. (inchem.org)
  • Human exposure assessment. (who.int)
Toxic exposures3
  • From these deeply engaged leadership perspectives, we feel an obligation to point out near-certain outcomes should the bill proceed without ensuring that future reviews directed under the legislation also include both human and animal studies of toxic exposures. (veteransforcommonsense.org)
  • Congress in 1998 established the standard for finding an association between toxic exposures and illness in veterans of the 1991 Gulf War. (veteransforcommonsense.org)
  • For over 20 years we have addressed toxic substances and effects on vulnerable populations, particularly children, finding that many toxic exposures of concern occur in indoor air and dust. (cela.ca)
Epidemiology4
  • ISES hosts an annual conference and is associated with a scientific journal (the Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology, JESEE). (wikipedia.org)
  • In 2018, the annual conference was held in Ottawa, Canada with the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE) and received attention from NIEHS for the broad range of topics to be highlighted at the conference from E-waste to natural disasters. (wikipedia.org)
  • Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology. (wikipedia.org)
  • Systematic reviews play a similar role today as literature reviews in the past in that both attempt to provide an overview of the literature on a particular topic, either within a discipline (e.g., epidemiology) or across disciplines, and typically assess the evidence for causality for the association between exposure and disease. (nih.gov)
Dermal exposure3
  • After dermal exposure, we detected the same metabolites with similar ratios in urine, however, at much lower concentrations and with considerably delayed elimination. (springer.com)
  • The human body is exposed to pollution on a daily basis via dermal exposure and inhalation. (environmental-expert.com)
  • Humans are exposed through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposure during their whole lifetime, starting in the womb. (healthybuilding.net)
Abstract1
  • ABSTRACT To meet the country's health goals for 2011-2016, a qualitative review of exposure to risk factors for cancer in Qatar was conducted in 2013. (who.int)
Lead exposure5
  • Decreased brain volume in adults with childhood lead exposure. (aahd.us)
  • BACKGROUND: Although environmental lead exposure is associated with significant deficits in cognition, executive functions, social behaviors, and motor abilities, the neuroanatomical basis for these impairments remains poorly understood. (aahd.us)
  • In this study, we examined the relationship between childhood lead exposure and adult brain volume using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). (aahd.us)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Childhood lead exposure is associated with region-specific reductions in adult gray matter volume. (aahd.us)
  • Understanding international crime trends: the legacy of preschool lead exposure. (bvsalud.org)
Hazards4
  • Regulating indoor hazards is a complicated mix of federal, provincial and local rules that can inadequately or only indirectly address exposure sources. (cela.ca)
  • Even when action is taken, hazards like old leaded paint or deteriorating but still-useful durable goods, create indoor exposure sources for years to come, again, a disproportionately greater concern in low income circumstances. (cela.ca)
  • The assertion that phthalate esters, which are used to make vinyl soft and flexible, pose considerable health and environmental hazards, is completely untrue. (healthybuilding.net)
  • The target readership includes occupational health services, those in ministries, governmental agencies, industry, and trade unions who are involved in the safe use of chemicals and the avoidance of environmental health hazards, and those wanting more information on this topic. (inchem.org)
Risks10
  • This article provides a summary of many psychosocial and environmental risks during pregnancy. (medscape.com)
  • Assessments of environmental exposure and health risks that utilize Geographic Information Systems (GIS) often make simplifying assumptions when using: (a) one or more discrete buffer distances to define the spatial extent of impacted regions, and (b) aggregated demographic data at the level of census enumeration units to derive the characteristics of the potentially exposed population. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Typically, people with lower educational attainment are less knowledgeable about SHS exposure risks. (tobaccoatlas.org)
  • The limited data on occupational exposure suggests that the greatest risks for workers in the construction industry are likely to be from environmental dust and related air pollutants. (who.int)
  • 1 However, despite the public health significance of these toxicant exposures, comparatively little effort has been spent to assess and quantify the health risks associated with the individual chemicals in cigarette smoke, and almost nothing has been done in terms of product regulation to reduce human exposure to these constituents. (bmj.com)
  • While outdoor environmental risks are more commonly recognized, CELA's many years of research and policy analysis highlights the equal importance of the indoors, where we spend 80 to 90% of our time. (cela.ca)
  • The probabilistic model showed that 93.4% of the population did not have any health risks from dietary cadmium exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dr. Baccarelli said the study results indicate that early interventions might be designed which would reverse gene programming to normal levels, reducing the health risks of exposure. (scienceblog.com)
  • The risks involved, exposure to violence and other social vices were enormous. (researchsquare.com)
  • The Convention, which Malawi ratified in August 2023, is a crucial international treaty designed to address the severe public health risks associated with tobacco consumption and exposure to tobacco smoke. (who.int)
Humans7
  • Two determinations must be made when a physician responds to a patient's concerns about a specific exposure: (1) whether any quantity of the toxicant has known adverse effects on reproduction in humans and (2) whether the substance is present in sufficient quantity to affect the patient or population exposed. (medscape.com)
  • The International Agency for Research on Cancer has determined that nitrobenzene is possibly carcinogenic in humans. (cdc.gov)
  • The review included exposure to environmental agents carcinogenic to humans (International Agency for Research on Cancer classification), as well as lifestyle factors known to affect cancer risk. (who.int)
  • Lead (Pb) exposure is known to induce a wide range of physiological and biochemical dysfunctions in humans and animals. (novapublishers.com)
  • Cigarettes are probably the single most significant source of toxic chemical exposure and chemically mediated illness in humans. (bmj.com)
  • Congress directed that VA and the National Academy of Sciences consider the exposure of humans and animals to specified toxins, the occurrence of illness in both humans and animals , and the associations between occurrence of illness in both humans and animals [38 U.S.C. 1118]. (veteransforcommonsense.org)
  • 3] "Aggregate Exposures to Phthalates in Humans," Health Care Without Harm, July 2002. (healthybuilding.net)
Toxicant1
  • Reproductive risk of toxicant exposure includes fetal effects, especially congenital anomalies. (medscape.com)
Soil3
  • People living near hazardous waste sites could be at higher risk of exposure since it is possible for groundwater and soil to become contaminated with nitrobenzene. (cdc.gov)
  • Read on to learn more about how I helped teach urban residents to reduce their exposure to lead in city soil in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. (cdc.gov)
  • Get up to date with the latest developments in exposure in the top layer of the soil (PEARL soil exposure), optimization of parameters for non-equilibrium sorption (PEARLNEQ) and FOCUS surface water models (including TOXSWA). (wur.nl)
NIOSH7
  • The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) held a public meeting on February 13, 2014 in Cincinnati, OH to discuss and obtain comments on the draft document, "Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Exposure to Heat and Hot Environments. (cdc.gov)
  • The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) requests assistance in preventing asthma, other respiratory disease, and death from diisocyanate exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • In two separate criteria documents, NIOSH has recommended that TDI exposure be limited to 0.005 ppm (0.036 mg/m3) as a TWA for up to a 10-hour workday during a 40-hour workweek, with a ceiling concentration of 0.02 ppm (0.14 mg/m3) for any 10-minute period [NIOSH 1973, 1978]. (cdc.gov)
  • This NIOSH recommended exposure limit (REL) was intended to prevent acute and chronic irritation and sensitization of workers but not to prevent responses in workers who are already sensitized. (cdc.gov)
  • NIOSH further recognized the carcinogenic potential of TDI and its isomers and recommended that exposures be reduced to the lowest feasible concentrations [NIOSH 1989]. (cdc.gov)
  • In August 2001, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) received a request from the San Diego District of the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) for technical assistance in evaluating reports of skin and eye problems among Immigrations Inspectors at the San Diego International Airport. (cdc.gov)
  • NIOSH was then asked to further evaluate potential UV radiation exposures to INS Inspectors. (cdc.gov)
Pesticide exposure7
  • Plausible physiologic and biologic mechanisms: For example, positing that a major change in organ formation was due to late-trimester pesticide exposure would not be plausible because organogenesis would have been completed before the exposures. (medscape.com)
  • Combined with re-entry intervals, these regulations are designed to reduce pesticide exposure. (nature.com)
  • These findings suggest that wearing gloves reduces pesticide exposure to workers contacting strawberry foliage containing dislodgeable residues. (nature.com)
  • Objectives Occupational pesticide exposure is associated with a wide range of diseases, including lung diseases, but it is largely unknown how pesticides influence airway disease pathogenesis. (bmj.com)
  • Associations between pesticide exposure and 420 938 methylation sites (CpGs) were assessed using robust linear regression adjusted for appropriate confounders. (bmj.com)
  • Several of the identified genes, for example, RYR1 , ALLC , PTPRN2 , LRRC3B , PAX2 and VTRNA2-1 , are genes previously linked to either pesticide exposure or lung-related diseases. (bmj.com)
  • Millions of workers worldwide are exposed daily to occupational pesticide exposure, but it is largely unknown how pesticides influence airway disease pathogenesis. (bmj.com)
Biomarkers2
  • Urine samples (27 workers) were collected after 8 h exposure and analyzed for PAH metabolites and effect biomarkers (8-oxodG for DNA oxidative damage, 4-HNE-MA for lipid peroxidation, 3-HPMA for acrolein). (lu.se)
  • We aimed to assess the associations of use of personal care products with urine biomarkers levels of phenols and paraben exposure, and whether urine levels (reflecting body burden of this chemical exposures) are associated with eczema, rhinitis, asthma, specific IgE and body mass index. (biomedcentral.com)
Pollutants2
20181
  • Apel C, Joerss H, Ebinghaus R (2018) Environmental occurrence and hazard of organic UV stabilizers and UV filters in the sediment of European North and Baltic Seas. (springer.com)
Toxicology1
  • S. S. Al-Ghamdi, M. J. Raftery and M. M. Yaqoob, "Acute Solvent Exposure Induced Activation of Cytochrome P4502E1 Causes Proximal Tubular Cell Necrosis by Oxidative Stress," Toxicology in Vitro, Vol. 17, 2003, pp. 335-3412. (scirp.org)
Particulate matter4
  • Air pollution has emerged as a plausible risk factor for AD, but studies estimating dementia cases attributable to exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) air pollution and resulting monetary estimates are lacking. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Exposure to particulate matter has been recognized as a contributing factor to lung cancer development for some time, but a new study indicates inhalation of certain particulates can actually cause some genes to become reprogrammed, affecting both the development and the outcome of cancers and other diseases. (scienceblog.com)
  • We aimed at investigating whether exposure to particulate matter induced changes in DNA methylation in blood from healthy subjects who were exposed to high levels of particulate matter in a foundry facility. (scienceblog.com)
  • The changes were detectable after only three days of exposure to particulate matter, indicating that environmental factors need little time to cause gene reprogramming which is potentially associated with disease outcomes," Dr. Baccarelli said. (scienceblog.com)
Occupational exposu2
  • Under typical conditions of use, results indicated that exposure to the employees' eyes would not likely exceed the applicable occupational exposure limits for UV-A radiation. (cdc.gov)
  • GM) of the participating miners were 7 µg EC m-3 and 153 µg NO2 m-3, which are below the EU occupational exposure limits. (lu.se)
20201
  • Washington - September 23, 2020) - The leaders of Veterans for Common Sense co-authored written testimony for today's Congressional hearing on the military toxic exposure research. (veteransforcommonsense.org)
ISES2
  • The International Society of Exposure Science (ISES), (formally known as the International Society of Exposure Analysis (ISEA)) is a non-profit organization established in 1990 by a group of scientists and engineers, including Paul Lioy. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 2019, ISES partnered with the International Society for Indoor Air Quality (ISIAQ), and the conference was held in Lithuania focusing on air pollution and associated impacts on the built, natural, and social environments. (wikipedia.org)
Agency for Research on Cancer1
  • More than 70 of these compounds are carcinogens, which has led the US Environmental Protection Agency and the International Agency for Research on Cancer to classify SHS as a group A and group 1 carcinogen, respectively, indicating the most hazardous cancer-causing compounds. (tobaccoatlas.org)
Human21
  • In both human and animal studies, exposure to radiofrequency radiation emitted from wireless devices is absorbed by the body and can harm the reproductive system. (ewg.org)
  • Exposure to radiofrequency radiation is associated in human studies with lower sperm concentration, viability, and motility. (ewg.org)
  • The environment of Iquitos, Peru, in the Amazon Basin, based, cross-sectional seroepidemiologic study in Peru to is ideal for the transmission of Leptospira with its hot, determine potential relationships of environmental context humid tropical conditions and dense human and potential to human exposure to Leptospira and disease associated with seroconversion. (cdc.gov)
  • Our objective was to determine potential relationships verted between dry and wet seasons (an incidence rate of of environmental context to human exposure to 288/1,000). (cdc.gov)
  • Human exposure to Leptospira in the Iquitos region is high, likely miologic study was conducted in three contrasting epi- related both to the ubiquity of leptospires in the environ- demiologic contexts in Peru, where leptospirosis ment and human behavior conducive to transmission from transmission would be predicted to be high (Belen, an infected zoonotic sources. (cdc.gov)
  • This review paper will 1) present an overview of human physiological responses to cold exposure, 2) present the human studies examining the effects of cold exposure on immune responses, and 3) summarize recent experiments from our laboratories examining the effects of exercise and fatigue on immune responses during subsequent cold exposure. (researchgate.net)
  • 12] However, the findings concerning the effects of cold exposure on human immune function are inconsistent. (researchgate.net)
  • The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has classified nitrobenzene as a likely human carcinogen. (cdc.gov)
  • Human exposure can lead, however, to a wide range of biological effects. (novapublishers.com)
  • NIEHS research uses state-of-the-art science and technology to investigate the interplay between environmental exposures, human biology, genetics, and common diseases to help prevent disease and improve human health. (nih.gov)
  • The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) is expanding and accelerating its contributions to scientific knowledge of human health and the environment, and to the health and well-being of people everywhere. (nih.gov)
  • The major problem with this recent NAM report on veterans' respiratory health issues, and with the related 2011 IOM burn pits report, [iv] and with the entire compendium of NAM/IOM reports related to burn pits exposure and Gulf War exposures and health is not that there are no good human studies - though that is indeed a true statement. (veteransforcommonsense.org)
  • Consumer products containing phthalates can result in human exposure through direct contact and use, indirectly through leaching into other products, or general environmental contamination. (healthybuilding.net)
  • A 2007 study concluded that the exposure of children to phthalates exceeds that in adults, warning, "Current human biomonitoring data prove that the tolerable intake of children is exceeded to a considerable degree, in some instances up to 20-fold" [ 4 ]. (healthybuilding.net)
  • Chronotype and cognitive ability are two human phenotypes with an uneven geographic distribution due to both selective migration and causal environmental effects. (researchgate.net)
  • They are never protect the download Environmental Toxicants: Human Exposures and Their Health Effects, for themselves. (elitebath.com)
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Emissions4
  • The results indicate that secondary emissions can be an important source of gaseous PAH exposure in the mine. (lu.se)
  • [ii] Similarly, a 2011 National Academies (Institute of Medicine (IOM)) committee concluded there is, "[i]nsufficient data on service members' exposures to emissions from open-air burn pits," and that this, "is one of the reasons why it is not possible to say whether these emissions could cause long-term health effects. (veteransforcommonsense.org)
  • The content of the course focuses on leaching to groundwater and aquatic exposure, including emissions from greenhouses, of plant protection products. (wur.nl)
  • ENERGY STAR was introduced by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 1992 as a voluntary market-based partnership to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through increased energy efficiency. (merck.com)
Fetal3
  • Exposure to radiofrequency radiation during pregnancy is associated with increased fetal and newborn heart rate and decreased fetal cardiac output. (ewg.org)
  • Certain fetal and maternal conditions have been shown to have environmental and genetic components. (medscape.com)
  • For example, federal regulation of toxic chemicals in consumer products has often been far too slow and when taken, too limited, (think Bisphenol A in baby bottles when fetal exposure to pregnant women is the exposure window of greatest concern). (cela.ca)
Airborne2
  • Exposures to airborne isocyanates may also occur from the melting or burning of polyurethane foams during fire fighting. (cdc.gov)
  • Semi-volatile PAHs may not be effectively reduced by the aftertreatment systems, and ambient area sampling did not predict the personal airborne PAHs exposure well, neither did the slightly elevated concentration of urinary PAH metabolites correlate with airborne PAH exposure. (lu.se)
Interplay1
  • The complex interplay of (1) genetic, (2) environmental, and (3) social factors requires sophisticated and thoughtful interventions on the part of health care providers. (medscape.com)
20232
  • Environmental Science & Technology Letters 2023 , 10 (3) , 214-221. (acs.org)
  • The IIIEE alumna Iryna Stavchuk, student in our Master in Environmental Management and Policy, 2004-2005, is nominated as one of the BBC 100 most inspiring and influential women 2023! (lu.se)
Ratios1
  • Ratios between personal exposures and ambient concentrations were similar and close to 1 for EC and NO2, but significantly higher for PAHs. (lu.se)
World Health Organ2
  • Comments on any difficulties encountered in using the Guide would be very helpful and should be addressed to: The Director International Programme on Chemical Safety World Health Organization 1211 Geneva 27 Switzerland 1. (inchem.org)
  • Ultraviolet radiation : an authoritative scientific review of environmental and health effects of UV, with reference to global ozone layer depletion / published under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection and the World Health Organization. (who.int)
Radiation12
  • Sperm cells are particularly susceptible to damage from free radicals that can be generated from radiofrequency radiation exposure, since they lack the protective antioxidants typical of other cells in the body. (ewg.org)
  • Prenatal exposure to radiofrequency radiation in laboratory mice was associated with lower levels of testosterone and behavioral anomalies. (ewg.org)
  • Changes to ovary cells have been associated with radiofrequency radiation exposure in laboratory rats. (ewg.org)
  • Prenatal exposure to radiofrequency radiation in laboratory rats was associated with follicle degeneration and structural changes of ovary cells that produce estrogen. (ewg.org)
  • Exposure to radiofrequency radiation from cell phones was associated with the death of the uterine lining in laboratory rats. (ewg.org)
  • Evidence of the effects of radiofrequency radiation exposure on sperm quality has also been observed in animal studies. (ewg.org)
  • In animal studies, changes in the concentration of testosterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in serum or in testicular samples have also been linked to exposure to radiofrequency radiation. (ewg.org)
  • X-rays are measured in several types of units, the most important of which are the radiation-absorbed dose (rad), which is a US measurement, and the gray (Gy), which is an international measurement. (medscape.com)
  • The roentgen equivalent man (rem) unit of measure and sievert (Sv) unit are used to quantify radiation exposure over time (eg, environmental releases). (medscape.com)
  • The number of nuclear medicine procedures performed has increased substantially over the past several decades, resulting in potentially greater radiation exposure to the technologists who perform them. (bmj.com)
  • The environmental measurements indicate that the UV lamps used by INS Inspectors at the San Diego International Airport in March 2001 emitted high levels of UV-C radiation, representing a health hazard to those with close and direct contact with the lamps. (cdc.gov)
  • Toxins include pesticides/herbicides, heavy metals, air and noise pollution, non-ionizing radiation, radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation from laptops and cellphones, and natural gas/oil exposure. (healthnews.com)
Programme1
  • International Programme on Chemical Safety. (who.int)
Disease3
Risk15
  • Because the baseline risk is small, if an exposure conveys a modestly increased risk, a large population of infants is required to detect an increase in anomalies. (medscape.com)
  • Most GIS-based analyses of environmental risk follow a consistent outline. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We review the strengths and limitations of risk of bias assessments, in particular, for reviews of observational studies of environmental exposures, and we also comment more generally on methods of evidence synthesis. (nih.gov)
  • It is commonly believed that exposure to cold environmental temperatures depresses immune function and increases the risk for infection. (researchgate.net)
  • There is some risk of exposure by eating plants that have been exposed to nitrobenzene since plants can absorb nitrobenzene. (cdc.gov)
  • Infants younger than 6 months can be at an increased risk of serious health problems from the lack of oxygen caused by nitrobenzene exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Methods: calculating the incidence of cancer attributable to occupational exposure involved three steps of defining relative risk, assessing the prevalence of exposure and population modelling. (iwh.on.ca)
  • Exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) was one of the leading risk factors for deaths globally in 2019, accounting for approximately 1.3 million deaths and contributing to 37 million Disability-Adjusted life years (DALYs), with 11.2% of the burden in children under the age of 5 years. (tobaccoatlas.org)
  • a two-fold increase in risk was seen with paraquat or maneb / mancozeb exposure. (wikipedia.org)
  • PURPOSE: Underground diesel exhaust exposure is an occupational health risk. (lu.se)
  • The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of dietary cadmium exposure in environmental cadmium exposure and its health risk among adults in Shanghai, China. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It has been suggested that there is no increased health risk among adult residents in Shanghai, China because of recent total cadmium exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, it was necessary to evaluate dietary cadmium exposure and its health risk for future policymaking on cadmium contamination prevention. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Whether metal exposures contribute to kidney dysfunction in populations at risk for CKDu remains unresolved. (cdc.gov)
  • Significance: Our findings suggest that exposures to metals, including cadmium and arsenic, might contribute to kidney toxicity seen in workers at risk for CKDu. (cdc.gov)
Attributable4
  • Objective: the aim of this study was to estimate the incidence and economic burden of newly diagnosed cases of NPC and SNC in 2011 in Canada, attributable to occupational exposures to wood dust. (iwh.on.ca)
  • To estimate the annual number of dementia cases attributable to air pollution in the Swedish population above 60 years of age, we used the latest concentration response functions (CRF) between PM 2.5 exposure and dementia incidence, based on ten longitudinal cohort studies, for the population above 60 years of age. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The annual number of dementia cases attributable to PM 2.5 exposure was estimated to be 820, which represents 5% of the annual dementia cases in Sweden. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 5 6 Some strong evidence supports that disparities in birth outcomes are largely attributable to environmental, as opposed to genetic variation. (bmj.com)
Adults1
  • For myriad reasons related to developmental stages, physiological and behaviour differences, children are more vulnerable and have higher exposures than adults potentially creating lifelong health concerns . (cela.ca)
Harmful4
  • Read about how he helped stop harmful hydrogen sulfide exposures in Detroit, Michigan. (cdc.gov)
  • Cadmium contamination is a major environmental health problem, and is potentially harmful to the broader population through the food chain [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These conditions have far-reaching environmental, social, agricultural and economic effects and are ultimately harmful to our health and well-being. (nihcm.org)
  • What is the influence of non-genetic factors on our health, such as lifestyle, diet and exposure to harmful substances? (uu.nl)
Childhood2
  • The review set comprises primarily longitudinal studies, with several cross-sectional studies using retrospective measures of childhood nature exposure. (mdpi.com)
  • Other studies have documented links between childhood asthma and phthalate exposure from vinyl flooring . (healthybuilding.net)
Illness1
  • Chronic manganese (Mn) exposure has been shown to produce a parkinsonism-like illness characterized by movement abnormalities. (wikipedia.org)
Concentrations1
  • We characterized these effects on multipollutant personal exposure to diesel exhaust and underground ambient air concentrations in an underground iron ore mine. (lu.se)
Methods3
  • Methods 1561 subjects of LifeLines were included with either no (n=1392), low (n=108) or high (n=61) exposure to any type of pesticides (estimated based on current or last held job). (bmj.com)
  • Transmission of Leptospira and the clinical expression of Patients and Methods leptospirosis seem to vary in different environmental and socioeconomic contexts. (cdc.gov)
  • Principles and methods for assessing allergic hypersensitization associated with exposure to chemicals. (who.int)
Vitro2
  • Relating in vitro to in vivo exposures with physiologically based tissue dosimetry and tissue response models. (cdc.gov)
  • moreover, the exposure of peritoneal macrophages (in vitro) to temperatures of 4, 10, 24, and 37°C for 1 hour suggested a close inverse association between incubation temperature and the number of cells capable of phagocytosis. (researchgate.net)
Pollution3
  • Exposure potential for 159,923 school children was determined at the childrens' home residences and at school locations by determining the distance to the nearest gasoline station, stationary air pollution source, and industrial facility listed in the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI). (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is also referred to as passive smoking, environmental tobacco smoke, and tobacco smoke pollution. (tobaccoatlas.org)
  • This volume contains the papers and poster abstracts presented at the 25th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modelling and Its Application held in Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, during 15-19 October 2001. (environmental-expert.com)
Conclusion1
  • CONCLUSION: Miners' exposures to EC and NO2 were lower than those in older studies indicating the effect of sharpened emission legislation and new technologies. (lu.se)
Chronic1
  • These findings support the hypothesized association of solvent exposure with the development of chronic renal failure. (scirp.org)
Tobacco7
  • There is no safe level of exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) from combustible tobacco products. (tobaccoatlas.org)
  • The food frequency questionnaire was combined with food, tobacco and water cadmium exposure to estimate the daily environmental cadmium exposure in both point and probabilistic estimations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dietary and tobacco cadmium exposure approached 25.8% and 7.9% of the PTDI, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By sensitivity analysis, tobacco consumption, tobacco cadmium level, cadmium in vegetables and cadmium in rice accounted for 27.5%, 24.9%, 20.2% and 14.6% of the total cadmium exposure, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tobacco cadmium exposure, which accounted for approximately 25% of the total dietary cadmium exposure, was another important source of non-occupational cadmium exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Its ratification by Malawi demonstrates the country's determination to protect present and future generations from the devastating health, social, environmental and economic consequences of tobacco consumption and exposure to tobacco smoke. (who.int)
  • Health effects of interactions between tobacco use and exposure to other agents. (who.int)
Pesticides2
Cadmium9
  • Environmental exposure to cadmium causes renal dysfunction and bone damage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cadmium contamination in food is regarded as the main environmental source of non-occupational exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Urine and blood samples of the participants were analyzed for internal exposure to total cadmium. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Correlation analysis was conducted between the internal cadmium exposure and environmental cadmium exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • According to the point estimation, average daily environmental cadmium exposure of the participants was 16.7 μg/day and approached 33.8% of the provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Males had higher levels of dietary cadmium exposure than females (p? (biomedcentral.com)
  • Positive correlations were observed between environmental cadmium exposure and blood cadmium (R? (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recent studies have shown that dietary cadmium exposure is associated with the development of postmenopausal breast cancer in women [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As reported, food is the main source of cadmium exposure for the non-occupationally exposed population (WHO 1992). (biomedcentral.com)
Chemicals3
  • The research focus on indoor environmental health is often on indoor air, for example if mould spores are present or if consumer products are releasing volatile chemicals. (cela.ca)
  • The section on regulatory information has been extracted from the legal file of the International Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals (IRPTC) and from other United Nations sources. (inchem.org)
  • The exposome is a new science to understand which chemicals, occupational and social exposures, or combination of bacteria in our gut, are beneficial or detrimental to our health, and how we can prevent them. (uu.nl)
Potentially1
  • The use of discrete buffers distances in proximity-based exposure analysis introduced substantial bias in terms of determining the potentially exposed population, and the results are strongly dependent on the choice of buffer distance(s). (biomedcentral.com)
Concentration2
  • Hypothermic stress as a result of exposure to cold environments and cold water has been shown to increase circulating catecholamine concentration and subsequently influence lymphocyte mobilisation (Jansky et al. (researchgate.net)
  • Using modern vehicles with diesel particulate filter (DPF) may have contributed to the lower ambient underground PM concentration and exposures. (lu.se)
Permissible3
  • The current Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) permissible exposure limit (PEL) for TDI is 0.02 part per million parts of air (0.02 ppm), or 0.14 milligram per cubic meter of air (0.14 mg/m3) as a ceiling limit [29 CFR* 1910.1000]. (cdc.gov)
  • This irradiance level results in a permissible exposure time of less than 15 seconds for workers with unprotected eyes and skin. (cdc.gov)
  • At 18 inches from the lamp and a height of 56 inches above the floor (approximating the potential exposure to the eyes) the measured irradiance was around 5 FW/cm2 corresponding with a permissible exposure time of approximately 20 minutes. (cdc.gov)
Long-term exposure1
  • Accumulated long-term exposure to workplace bullying impairs psychological hardiness: A five-year longitudinal study among nurses. (uib.no)
Toxins1
Ambient1
  • We used data on average population-weighted exposure to ambient PM 2.5 for the entire population of Sweden above 30 years of age. (biomedcentral.com)
Cumulative1
  • We propose that racial disparities in PTB are a cumulative biosensor of exposures that vary by race, arising from long-standing inequities. (bmj.com)
Research8
Workplace2
  • The primary exposures include diagnostic radiographs, radiopharmaceuticals, workplace exposures, and environmental exposures such as those that occurred after the Three Mile Island and Chernobyl nuclear reactor accidents. (medscape.com)
  • Associations between exposure to workplace bullying and insomnia. (uib.no)
Prevention1
  • We can't (easily) change our genes, but if we are serious about the prevention of diseases, we need to know the modifiable part - that is, the environmental factors. (uu.nl)
National Center for Environmental Health1