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Morocco's energy policy is set independently by two agencies of the government: the Office of Hydrocarbons and Mining (ONHYM) which sets domestic oil policy, and the Office National de l'Electricité (ONE), which sets policy with regard to electricity. (wikipedia.org)
Morocco's exploration of offshore and onshore oil drilling in Moroccan Sahara, which is believed to contain viable hydrocarbon reserves, has been controversial. (wikipedia.org)
Kerr-McGee's divestiture was followed by an agreement between the US oil company Kosmos Energy and Morocco's Ministry for Natural Resources and Mines along with the Office National des Hydrocarbures et des Mines (ONHYM). (wikipedia.org)
The two operational wind farms, Foum el Oued and Aftissat, serve industrial end-users, such as Morocco's state-owned company OCP's subsidiary Phosboucraa, which illegally exploits the phosphate reserves of the Non-Self-Governing Territory. (wsrw.org)
The same position has also been articulated by UN Treaty Bodies when reviewing Morocco's slate under international law. (wsrw.org)
RABAT, Morocco (AP) - Adidas acknowledged on Friday that the design for its new jersey collection for Algeria's national soccer team was inspired by Morocco's zellige mosaic pattern, resolving a dispute with the Moroccan government that had accused the sport apparel company of "cultural appropriation" of its heritage. (wtrf.com)
Morocco's Ministry of Youth, Culture and Communication demanded last month that Adidas pull the new collection off the market alleging that the design on the jerseys of the rival North African team depicts a traditional mosaic of colored earthenware tiles, known in Morocco as zellige. (wtrf.com)
Christian Juhl, a green-left MP that initiated the motion, told EUobserver his peers were all worried that Morocco's occupation of Western Sahara was getting worse. (euobserver.com)
What followed was a sham effort at 'consultation' by the Commission, involving a strange assortment of groups such as Morocco's largest mining firm, officials elected illegally under Moroccan occupation, Moroccan state-owned companies and private corporate interests. (left.eu)
Companies that want to be perceived as taking human rights responsibly, should not bid on a large tender that will connect Morocco's illegal energy production in Western Sahara to the Moroccan grid, WSRW warns. (einnews.com)
The letter endorses Rabat's position on Western Sahara, describing Morocco's 2007 proposal for Sahrawi autonomy - which would integrate the territory into Morocco - as 'the most serious, realistic, and credible' basis for resolving the conflict. (popularresistance.org)
Spain is now the strongest European supporter of Morocco's autonomy plan - even in comparison to France, a close ally of Morocco. (popularresistance.org)
Un documentaire anglais explore l'immense richesse musicale du Maroc English documentary "Morocco gateway to Africa" explores Morocco's musical and cultural diversity. (jadaliyya.com)
Western Sahara clouds Morocco`s return to African Union RFI reports on Morocco's intention to rejoin the AU and the complications with AU recognition of the Western Sahara and the Polisario Front. (jadaliyya.com)
Morocco's Foreign Ministry issued a strongly worded statement last month deploring what it said was Spain's decision to admit Ghali under a false identity without informing Morocco, warning of repercussions for relations between the countries. (dailymaverick.co.za)
There's a lot going on in Morocco, and the question is how can it leverage what it has to attract American investments to Morocco that can then be directed to a European market or south to the African markets," Jean AbiNader, the executive director of the Moroccan American Trade and Investment Centre, a non-profit established by Morocco's King Mohammed VI, told IPS. (ipsnews.net)
At this week's conference, participating energy companies, such as Dow Chemical, were given the option to attend sessions on Morocco's energy sector, highlighting the potential for both renewable and carbon-based investment in the kingdom. (ipsnews.net)

All eventually ended their operations in Moroccan Sahara amidst protests from the exiled Sahrawi government and pro-Sahrawi groups. (wikipedia.org)
Morocco is systematically breaking the human rights of Sahrawi people. (euobserver.com)
Systematic human rights abuses, police brutality, violations of international law and fundamental rights, the Sahrawi people of Africa's last colony, Western Sahara, have endured decades of repression at the hands of Moroccan occupying forces. (left.eu)
While the 1975 annexation and the resulting conflict forced tens of thousands of Sahrawi people into refugee camps in the desert, European countries and Morocco have remained fixed on exploiting the occupied territory's resources, such as fertile fishing grounds off the coast. (left.eu)
However, while the Court's judgment meant the European Commission would first need to obtain the consent of the Sahrawi people before finalising agreements with Rabat, the Commission went on to relaunch a new trade deal, the EU-Morocco Association Agreement. (left.eu)
This clear violation of international law and the rights of the Sahrawi people to determine their future is extremely damaging to efforts towards peace in this conflict. (left.eu)
Christian Democrat Youth (KrFU) of Norway supports the Sahrawi people's right to self-determination and independence and demand that Norway recognize the Western Saharan republic. (vest-sahara.no)
The Sahrawi people are entitled to a referendum to decide the country's future, but Morocco refuses to give them that possibility. (vest-sahara.no)
reports Fighting has erupted in several areas between the Moroccan military and the Polisario Front, the Sahrawi liberation movement seeking independence, after the Moroccan military broke into a no-go buffer zone in southern Western Sahara. (parkindymedia.org)
Spain has announced that it has endorsed a proposal by the Kingdom of Morocco to designate the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) as an "autonomous" region within the North African state. (popularresistance.org)
Amnesty International on Wednesday broke news that seven Sahrawi hunger strikers had ended their fast, reportedly after being promised better prison conditions, but the victory is a small one and only helps to illustrate the wider abuses going on behind the scenes in the Western Sahara. (middleeasteye.net)
Last Sunday, Moroccan security forces arrested six Sahrawi demonstrators in the occupied territory of Western Sahara after protests broke out in response to the death of a hunger striking Sahrawi prisoner, Hassana al-Wali. (middleeasteye.net)
The Sahrawi government in exile, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), opposes the occupation and claims that 30 Sahrawi political prisoners have gone on hunger strike this year alone. (middleeasteye.net)
In an exclusive interview, we speak with prominent Sahrawi human rights activist Sultana Khaya in occupied Western Sahara. (democracynow.org)
The Moroccan government has targeted advocates like Khaya for their work defending the region's Sahrawi people and advocating for an independent Western Sahara. (democracynow.org)
In 1991, a truce was negotiated with the promise on a referendum on the right to self-determination of Western Saharan inhabitants, the Sahrawi. (lu.se)

Since 2016, consecutive rulings by the EU Court of Justice have ruled that Western Sahara is a "separate and distinct" territory from any country in the world, including Morocco, and that its people have a right to self-determination - as already concluded by the International Court of Justice in 1975 and repeated in well over 100 UN Resolutions. (wsrw.org)
They stem largely from a dispute over the Western Sahara, a territory annexed by Morocco in 1975. (wtrf.com)
Morocco has occupied the area since 1975. (euobserver.com)
Morocco has since 1975 repeatedly refused to comply with the peace plans under the auspices of the UN, the African Union, and more than one hundred Security Council resolutions. (vest-sahara.no)
The territory was ceded to Morocco and Mauritania after the exit of Spain as a colonial power in 1975. (popularresistance.org)
Western Sahara is a United Nations designated non-self-governing territory that has been subject to an occupation by Morocco since it invaded in 1975. (middleeasteye.net)
Moroccan and POLISARIO forces fought intermittently from 1975, when Spain relinquished colonial authority over the territory, until a 1991 cease-fire and the establishment of a UN peacekeeping mission. (state.gov)
Ms. Finér explained that while the occupation of Western Sahara has been ongoing since 1975, it receives very little international attention. (utblick.org)
Sahara since 1975. (lu.se)

Khalil and the rest of the Saharawi people object to Siemens Gamesa's projects in occupied Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)
The Saharawi people have time and again voiced their opposition against Siemens' activities in Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)
Saharawi protesters stood outside of SGRE's AGM, calling on the company to get out of their occupied homeland. (wsrw.org)
1. In four consecutive rulings, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) has underlined that Western Sahara and Morocco are two 'distinct and separate' territories and that the legal prerequisite for economic activities in Western Sahara is the explicit consent of the Saharawi people. (wsrw.org)
c) Does SGRE consider it necessary to obtain the consent of the Saharawi people for its activities in Western Sahara? (wsrw.org)
d) Does SGRE consider holding talks with Moroccan governmental institutions to be a valid means of obtaining the consent of the Saharawi people? (wsrw.org)
The torture and detention of 10 Saharawi students by Moroccan authorities must be investigated and denounced. (vest-sahara.no)
26 Saharawi associations ask for an immediate release of all Saharawi political prisoners, in view of the corona crisis that is hitting Moroccan jails. (vest-sahara.no)
The UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention this week called on Morocco to release a group of Saharawi students, all political prisoners. (vest-sahara.no)
A shocking video last year showed Saharawi journalist Walid El Batal pulled out of a car and beaten by Moroccan police. (vest-sahara.no)
A judge in occupied Western Sahara today concluded that the verdict in the case against Saharawi journalist Nazha El Khalidi will be announced on 8 July. (vest-sahara.no)
We express our strongest condemnation of the new aggression perpetrated by the Moroccan army against the Saharawi population, as well as our total rejection of the unacceptable behaviour of the Spanish Government in the face of the worrying events in Western Sahara. (pressenza.com)
We urge the Spanish Government to fulfil its obligations as the administering power of the Saharawi territory pending decolonisation so that the Saharawi population can gain access to their freedom and independence and, in turn, we demand that the Spanish Government immediately cease the sale and donation of arms to the Moroccan army. (pressenza.com)
We denounce the crimes against humanity committed by Morocco in the Occupied Territories of Western Sahara and the ongoing harassment and brutality with which the Moroccan apparatus of repression treats the Saharawi civilian population, activists and journalists. (pressenza.com)
We therefore call for the urgent intervention of international human rights observers, the International Committee of the Red Cross and the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights to guarantee the fundamental rights of the Saharawi population. (pressenza.com)
In the same vein, we request the mediation of the Spanish government so that the Saharawi prisoners, many of whom are unjustly sentenced to sentences of between 10 and 30 years, and even life imprisonment, are released as soon as possible. (pressenza.com)
We also urge Spanish companies to stop their plundering activity in Western Sahara, not only because it contravenes international law, but also because the only legitimate owner of these resources and their legal representative is the Saharawi population, whose fundamental rights are being trampled upon. (pressenza.com)
For all these reasons, we demand from the Spanish Government coherence and firmness in its defence of International Law and the support and respect for the legitimate right to freedom of the Saharawi people, as well as the formal recognition of the diplomatic status of the Polisario Front, as the sole and legitimate representative of the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic. (pressenza.com)
A France-based association of friends of the Saharawi Arab Republic (the disputed territory of Western Sahara) is preparing to send a delegation to camps in Algeria to meet refugees and Polisario front leaders. (africaintelligence.com)
Effectively, human rights violations continue unhindered and the UN presence is useless for the Saharawi (Western Saharan) population. (utblick.org)

In February, three Danish journalists who came to see the situation in Western Sahara for themselves were expelled by Moroccan authorities," he added. (euobserver.com)
Moroccan authorities also continued to block journalists and human-rights organisations from entering the territory and investigating abuses. (left.eu)
The Ethiopian government did not respond to requests for comment, but authorities have previously denied targeting civilians in the war. (juancole.com)
To blame for the attack, according to the authorities, was "the Zionist entity [Israel]" and a "North African country," broadly interpreted to have meant Morocco. (dailytelegraph.co.nz)
Videos shared online showed migrants entering Ceuta earlier, by swimming and by climbing over the fence, unimpeded by Moroccan authorities. (dailymaverick.co.za)
This is happening because of the absolute passivity of the Moroccan authorities," Ceuta regional leader Juan Jose Vivas told 24H TV channel, adding that the situation was chaotic and it was now impossible to say how many migrants had entered. (dailymaverick.co.za)
There were no reports of disappearances by or on behalf of government authorities during the year. (state.gov)
Reporters Without Borders (RSF) calls on the Moroccan authorities to stop harassing Omar Radi, an investigative reporter and human right defender who has been summoned for questioning by security officials in Casablanca today. (rsf.org)
The summons came just three days after Amnesty International reported that the Moroccan authorities had used a spyware app called Pegasus developed by the Israeli technology company NSO Group to hack into Radi's phone and monitor his activities. (rsf.org)
Instead of shedding light on the illegal surveillance of Omar Radi, the Moroccan authorities have preferred to target this journalist and initiate proceedings against him on the sole basis of unverified information circulating on social networks ," said Souhaieb Khayati, the head of RSF's North Africa desk. (rsf.org)
Moroccan authorities have held her and her family under de facto house arrest for nearly 500 days, where she has been subjected to harassment and sexual abuse. (democracynow.org)

In 2016, the European Court of Justice reaffirmed that Morocco had no sovereignty over Western Sahara, meaning that the EU's agreements with Morocco cannot cover the territory. (left.eu)
The United States in December recognised Moroccan sovereignty over the Western Sahara territory. (dailymaverick.co.za)
To date, no other state recognises Moroccan sovereignty over the Western Sahara, which is on the United Nations list of Non Self-Governing Territories. (ipsnews.net)

Former laureate of the Rafto Award for Human Rights, Sidi Mohamed Daddach, was this weekend attacked by Moroccan police in occupied Western Sahara. (vest-sahara.no)

Finally, in 1991, the Moroccans and the Polisario Front independent movement signed a ceasefire. (left.eu)
the wall separating the Polisario controlled Western Sahara from Morocco on February 3, 2017. (einnews.com)
Relations between Madrid and Rabat have been frosty since May 2021, when Spain admitted the leader of the Polisario Front, Western Sahara's independence movement, for hospital treatment after he suffered complications related to COVID-19. (foreignpolicy.com)
According to some experts, Morocco uses the tactic of alowing migrants into Ceuta as an instrument of pressure on Madrid, which angered Rabat last month by admitting the leader of Western Sahara's rebel Polisario Front to a Spanish hospital. (dailymaverick.co.za)
The surge in arrivals comes at a time of increased tension between Spain and Morocco over the fate of Brahim Ghali, the leader of the Polisario Front, who is in hospital in Spain. (dailymaverick.co.za)
The Polisario Front wants the Western Sahara to be an independent state rather than part of Morocco. (dailymaverick.co.za)
Following years of armed conflict between Morocco and the Algerian-backed Polisario Front, the international community established the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) in 1991. (ipsnews.net)
Unlike Morocco, the Polisario Front did not want to allow Moroccan settlers in the Western Sahara to participate in the referendum. (ipsnews.net)
The contract will not radically change the military balance between Morocco and Algeria but has been signed just as hostilities are resuming against Polisario in Western Sahara. (africaintelligence.com)
The judicial activism in a relatively uncharted area in this field, external relations, was analyzed through a qualitative case study of the CJEU case Polisario Front , concerning the application of a EU trade agreement to the non-self-governing territory of Western Sahara. (lu.se)
Polisario Front1, the liberation movement of Western Sahara, had fought to claim its independence but failed to do so. (lu.se)

Morocco, however, claims the territory forms its "southern provinces" and is part of a historic "greater Morocco" with Rabat maintaining near full control of the area. (middleeasteye.net)
Rabat has denied most of the charges laid out against it by the Algerian government. (dailytelegraph.co.nz)
Government and business leaders from the United States and Morocco are gathering in Rabat this week for the second annual Morocco-U.S. Business Development Conference. (ipsnews.net)

Foreign Minister Tanja Fajon and Infrastructure Minister Bojan Kumer went to Algeria earlier this month to secure a deal between Sonatrach (Algeria's national state-owned oil company) and Geoplin (Slovenia's largest distributor of natural gas) whereby Algeria will cover one third of the Central European country's gas needs for the upcoming three years beginning on January 1, 2023. (thefrontierpost.com)
All contents (c) 2023, Graham Digital Holding Company. (foreignpolicy.com)

However, government policy is on track to convert to a high renewable mix of 42% installed renewables by 2020, and 52% by 2030. (wikipedia.org)
While past production in the late 1990s and early 2000s was as high as 4,700 barrels per day, as of June 2020, the USEIA reported oil production in Morocco at 160 barrels a day. (wikipedia.org)
In September 2020, SGRE issued a press release on obtaining the contract for the 300-MW Boujdour wind farm, locating it "in the South of Morocco" . (wsrw.org)
b) On what legal basis did SGRE conclude that the Boujdour wind farm is to be located in "the South of Morocco", a view expressed in its press release in September 2020? (wsrw.org)
Former United States President Donald Trump in 2020, recognized Moroccan control over the Western Sahara in an attempt to strengthen relations between the Kingdom and the State of Israel. (popularresistance.org)
The drawn-out case triggered international condemnation, particularly in Italy where he had been studying at Bologna University when he was arrested in 2020. (africacenter.org)
Morocco is ranked 133rd out of 180 countries and territories in RSF's 2020 World Press Freedom Index . (rsf.org)

Western Sahara is often referred to as Africa's last colony. (euobserver.com)
Western Sahara is Africa's last colony! (vest-sahara.no)
A nearly thirty-year-old ceasefire has ended in occupied Western Sahara-what many consider to be Africa's last colony. (parkindymedia.org)
Dubbed North Africa's new 'Cold War', the tensions between Morocco and neighboring Algeria threaten to escalate and the consequences of this have a lot more to do with Western meddling in the affairs of the two countries than meets the eye. (dailytelegraph.co.nz)

In collaboration with Dachverband der Kritischen Aktionärinnen und Aktionäre, Western Sahara Resource Watch (WSRW) had - again - submitted questions relating to the legal foundations of SGRE's operations in Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)
WSRW asks UN Member States to raise the rights of the people of Western Sahara, for whom Spain continues to bear responsibility. (wsrw.org)
WSRW has reason to assume that a shipment of fish oil from occupied Western Sahara was discharged this afternoon in the Netherlands. (wsrw.org)
Advocacy groups like the Western Sahara Resource Watch (WSRW) contest the legality of foreign businesses, like Kosmos, working with the Moroccan government to exploit Western Saharan resources. (ipsnews.net)

Our work has also been used in government, primarily in Germany and Belgium where Amnesty International Belgium called establishment of a parliamentary inquiry based on our findings. (bellingcat.com)

Since then, the Kronos company decided to withdraw, also citing the insufficient hydrocarbon resources, but adding the reason that the decision was influenced by "the sensitivity of the area and the requirements of international law" as indicated in the 2002 United Nations legal opinion on resource exploration and development in non-self-governing territories. (wikipedia.org)
Morocco used the accord to sell goods from occupied territories, which is illegal under international law. (euobserver.com)
He has reported from and lived in the occupied Palestinian territories and currently works with Quds News. (dailytelegraph.co.nz)
But it also states that "while the specific contracts … are not in themselves illegal, if further exploration and exploitation activities were to proceed in disregard of the interests and wishes of the people of Western Sahara, they would be in violation of the principles of international law applicable to mineral resource activities in Non-Self-Governing Territories. (ipsnews.net)
The Spanish Moroccan territories were officially declared pacified in 1927. (sofmag.com)
With the end of open hostilities, in 1927 the First and Second Tercios settled into garrison duties in the enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla, the major cities in the Spanish Moroccan territories. (sofmag.com)
However, things are a-changing - in 2011 the EU voted against a treaty with Morocco on fish trade with occupied territories, for the first time opposing French opinion. (utblick.org)

A delegation from the European Parliament's Morocco friendship group is visiting Western Sahara on Saturday and Sunday (4 and 5 June) on Rabat's invitation. (euobserver.com)
The Melilla government delegation spokesman said 86 migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa broke into the enclave, located about 300km east of Ceuta, early on Tuesday, but a larger group had been blocked by Moroccan police. (dailymaverick.co.za)
Alexander Tkachev, the Russian Minister of Agriculture, said during the meetings with the Moroccan delegation last week said that Morocco is one of the suppliers Russia is looking to in order to replace the European Union supplies now subject to counter-sanctions. (johnhelmer.net)

The agreements in question are in the portfolio of Nareva, the wind energy company that is owned by the king of Morocco, who bears a personal responsibility for the continued occupation of the last colony in Africa. (wsrw.org)
Both the United Nations and the African Union (AU) has recognized the SADR as a government in waiting with a legitimate claim to represent the people of the de facto colony. (popularresistance.org)

The company added it has "deep respect for the people and craftsmen of Morocco," prompting officials in the North African country to express pride over its efforts to defend Moroccan cultural heritage on the global stage. (wtrf.com)
MEP Patricia Lalonde, was a board member at a secretive Morocco-based foundation, EuroMedA, alongside former Moroccan government ministers and state officials. (left.eu)
Neither the Turkish nor the Ethiopian governments responded to questions about the flights, but officials in Turkey have previously acknowledged drone sales to Ethiopia. (juancole.com)
The government was working to fix the administrative network that suffered a system failure, officials said Sunday, two days after the breakdown caused disruptions to public access to government-approved papers. (gmmgiftcards.com)
More than 100 government officials and private technicians were working to restore the servers and network systems at the National Information Resources Service in Daejeon, 139 kilometers south of Seoul, the interior ministry said. (gmmgiftcards.com)
Algeria justified its move further by citing examples, such as Morocco using the Israeli Pegasus spyware against Algerian officials, supporting terrorists groups, failing to uphold bilateral commitments, the normalisation of ties with Israel, and refusing to engage diplomatically on the Western Sahara issue. (dailytelegraph.co.nz)
This led to a reported shortage of gas in both Morocco and also Spain, which had previously received gas supplies through the Gazoduc Maghreb Europe (GME) pipeline, despite claims made by Moroccan officials that the move would have little impact. (dailytelegraph.co.nz)
Although his officials meet their Russian counterparts at an annual inter-government ministerial conference, the king hasn't patronized the meeting before. (johnhelmer.net)
There were few examples of investigations or prosecutions of human rights abuses by officials, whether in the security services or elsewhere in the government, which contributed to impunity. (state.gov)

In a letter made public on March 18, Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez endorsed a Moroccan plan of autonomy for Western Sahara, a clear break with Madrid's long-established policy that the disputed territory's status should be decided by a referendum. (foreignpolicy.com)

But Morocco stopped the UN-negotiated referendum from taking place. (euobserver.com)
However, Morocco has persistently worked to defer the referendum, which has still not taken place. (left.eu)
The UN has been unable to ensure that Morocco holds a national referendum within the Western Sahara over the future of the territory. (popularresistance.org)
MINURSO intended the referendum to determine whether the Western Sahara would become an independent state or part of Morocco, but the vote was never able to be implemented due to disagreements over who was eligible to take part. (ipsnews.net)
After resignation of Personal Envoy of the Secretary General Horst Kohler in May 2019, the UN Security Council returned to one-year renewals of the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara. (state.gov)

Lebovich is currently a doctoral candidate in African History at Columbia University in New York, where he studies religion, politics, and society in North Africa, the Sahara, and the Sahel. (ecfr.eu)
In a bitter response, Morocco lifted border controls into Ceuta, one of Spain's small enclaves in North Africa, allowing some 10,000 migrants to cross the border and effectively creating a humanitarian crisis. (foreignpolicy.com)

Foreign companies operating under Moroccan concession in Moroccan Sahara - companies such as Total, Svitzer, Nopec, and Kerr-McGee - were targets of international protest campaigns over the disputed territory. (wikipedia.org)

For nearly a year, his government had been at war with rebels from the Tigray People's Liberation Front, which was now pushing south from its stronghold near the Eritrean border and threatening to move on the country's capital of Addis Ababa. (juancole.com)
The situation in Ukraine, which dangerously escalates tensions between Russia - Algeria's strategic partner and main arms supplier - and the North African country's Western partners, is a major test for Algerian non-alignment on the international stage. (thefrontierpost.com)
General Diendere and his accomplices will answer for all the offences of which they are accused," the country's interim government said in a statement, adding that a "commission of inquiry" was already "hard at work" investigating the coup. (africacenter.org)
WASHINGTON: Moroccan youth are working to address their country's dire environmental future amid drastic climate change, water scarcity and food production issues. (arabnews.com)
Morocco is one of many countries that have been wrestling with the consequences of climate change and water scarcity, which has the potential to impact population stability and the country's resources. (arabnews.com)

During the week-end of 7-9 December the National Board of the Christian Democrat Youth in Norway passed a resolution demanding recognition of the Western Saharan Republic. (vest-sahara.no)
More controversially, Kosmos now intends to start oil exploration in an area off the Western Saharan coast, known as Cap Boujdour, in October. (ipsnews.net)
After calling for Western Saharan independence from Spain, Morocco took control of the territory, which it calls the Southern Provinces, in 1976 after the Spanish withdrew. (ipsnews.net)
Since then, however, both multinational energy firms and Western Saharan advocacy groups have construed the U.N. opinion to favour their respective stances. (ipsnews.net)
Over the past few days, the Moroccan navy has rescued almost 900 illegal migrants, most of them from sub-Saharan Africa, including 400 in territorial waters, according to a military source, while attempts to cross to Spain have multiplied. (africacenter.org)
Commentary on the news, culture, sports and current events of sub-Saharan Africa from someone who's lived there. (blogspot.com)

Human rights defender Aminatu Haidar from Western Sahara is awarded the prestigious Right Livelihood Award in Sweden for 2019, with, among others environmental activist Greta Thunberg. (vest-sahara.no)

Decades-old tensions between Morocco and Algeria have deepened in recent years. (wtrf.com)
Young refugees in Algeria camps feel betrayed by EU over Western Sahara, threaten attacks on Morocco, as UN chief Ban Ki-moon makes rare trip to 'forgotten' conflict. (euobserver.com)
When Washington sou-ght to rally the international community against Mos-cow at the United Nations General Assembly in early March, Algeria was the one Arab state that abstained from the US-drafted resolution. (thefrontierpost.com)
Some Western pundits and lawmakers in Washington accuse Algeria of backing Russia in this war. (thefrontierpost.com)
Although the Russians do not want to see Algeria uphold its energy agreements with European powers (let alone help them amid the ongoing global energy crisis), Algiers is choosing to play a role that is useful to Western powers amid this war. (thefrontierpost.com)
By the same token, Algeria has not bowed to Western pressure to end its dealings with Russia, nor taken official stances against Moscow over Ukraine. (thefrontierpost.com)
Algiers views growing Western support for Morocco on this front as problematic and reason to safeguard strong relations with Russia despite Moscow not necessarily being too supportive of Algeria on this file. (thefrontierpost.com)
With Israel's normalization, the feud between Algeria and Morocco is escalating. (dailytelegraph.co.nz)
The Moroccan kingdom has never stopped its hostile actions against Algeria," he stated at a press conference at the time. (dailytelegraph.co.nz)
Although many of the accusations made against Morocco by Algeria have been strongly denied, they nonetheless have a real impact on public perception of the two sides. (dailytelegraph.co.nz)
He said that "first you are going to have them [Algeria and Morocco] seeking regional supremacy, through the arms race that we have been seeing for nearly a decade now, but also through the diplomatic race. (dailytelegraph.co.nz)
Mohammed VI's army is about to place a second order for armed Bayraktar TB2 drones manufactured by Turkey's Baykar as tensions mount with Western Sahara and neighbouring Algeria. (africaintelligence.com)
With diplomatic relations with Algeria suspended since August, Morocco has been going ahead with changes to the arrangements for protecting the very strategic border with its neighbour, in part by conducting large-scale mine-clearing operations in order to recover farmable land. (africaintelligence.com)
Furthermore, Emmaus is arranging a trip to Western Sahara, where participants will be guided around the area and visit refugee camps in Algeria. (utblick.org)

Juhl hopes that Denmark will take up the vacant leadership role in defending Western Sahara's interests in the EU. (euobserver.com)
Veteran activist Wali died in a military hospital in Western Sahara's second city, Dakhla, on 27 September. (middleeasteye.net)
After being sentenced to jail for "participation in an illegal demonstration" and "forming a gang", Wali was taken to a detention facility in Western Sahara's would-be capital city Laayoune. (middleeasteye.net)
Spain's stance on the matter is especially important, as the country was Western Sahara's colonial ruler until 1976 . (foreignpolicy.com)

Algiers believes it must continue buying Russian arms while feeling increasingly threatened by the situation in Western Sahara and Moroccan-Israeli normalization. (thefrontierpost.com)
Then came normalization between Morocco and Israel, at the expense of U.S. recognition of Moroccan claims to Western Sahara. (nationofchange.org)

Since replacing Spain as coloniser, Morocco has attempted to control a territory about the size of the UK using military force to suppress free speech and pro-independence protests. (left.eu)
Algeria's state and society are highly sensitive about maintaining independence on the international stage. (thefrontierpost.com)
Formerly known as the "Spanish Sahara", the people of the territory have been demanding national independence for decades. (popularresistance.org)
The most progressive states within the AU have supported the SADR in their struggle to win independence from Morocco. (popularresistance.org)
He was detained and sentenced to three years' imprisonment for his involvement in pro-independence, anti-government protests in Dakhla in November 2011. (middleeasteye.net)

At its AGM on 17 March 2021, the company again avoided answering questions related to their controversial operations. (wsrw.org)
By 2021, the new Sudanese government began having second thoughts about the deal and sought new terms that included economic aid ( The Arab Weekly , September 16, 2021). (aberfoylesecurity.com)

that the government follow up the earlier efforts of, among others, [former prime minister,] Mr. Kjell Magne Bondevik and put pressure on Morocco to give the Sahrawis freedom of speech and freedom to organize. (vest-sahara.no)
Sahrawis [indigenous Western Saharans] are standing on the sidelines of this project, waving their arms and telling companies to stop doing this on behalf of the Moroccan government. (ipsnews.net)

CEUTA, Spain, May 18 (Reuters) - Spain has deployed troops to Ceuta to patrol the border with Morocco after thousands of migrants swam into the northern African enclave, in what Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez called a serious crisis for Spain and Europe. (dailymaverick.co.za)
Morocco has a claim on Ceuta and another Spanish enclave, Melilla. (dailymaverick.co.za)
Ceuta, with a population of 80,000, is located on the northern tip of Morocco across from Gibraltar. (dailymaverick.co.za)

c) Locating Boujdour in Morocco is a tacit recognition of the Western Sahara as part of the Moroccan territory. (wsrw.org)
Morocco asks to rejoin the African Union after 32 years Morocco seeks to make a return to the African Union after leaving thirty-two years ago over a rift on the recognition of the Western Sahara by member states. (jadaliyya.com)
It is becoming futile to try to guess Putin's motives, but his misuse of diplomatic recognition symbolizes how international norms are being twisted and manipulated-and how badly the international structure itself is sagging. (foreignpolicy.com)
However, in recent decades, other power brokers have applied diplomatic recognition norms chaotically and manipulatively as well, in ways that undermine the meaning of the act-and the international system. (foreignpolicy.com)

The Kerr-McGee company had been granted exploration contracts by the Moroccan government in 2001, but it withdrew in 2006, reasoning that the possible oil and gas stores were not as promising as earlier data had suggested. (wikipedia.org)
In 2002, Morocco awarded contracts for oil exploration in the Western Sahara to a U.S.-based company, Kerr McGee, and the French-based Total S.A. In response, the United Nations issued what is known as the Corell Opinion regarding the legality of resource extraction in Western Sahara. (ipsnews.net)

Subscribe for a weekly selection of news stories from journalists operating outside traditional corporate systems. (parkindymedia.org)
They are also supporting the publication of a new book, "Tyst Territorium" - a compilation of reports from Western Sahara by noted investigative journalists Fredrik Laurin and Lars Schmidt. (utblick.org)

Remote work trends threaten debt-loaded developers, but give companies leverage to lower real estate costs. (gfmag.com)

International and domestic observers judged the 2016 parliamentary elections credible and relatively free from irregularities. (state.gov)

The jersey dispute has been favorably resolved to underline "the pivotal role Morocco plays in the region in defending the intangible cultural heritage in the face of cultural appropriation attempts," he said. (wtrf.com)
Amid an ongoing dispute on the EU-Morocco trade agreement, the Danish parliament on Thursday (2 June) voted unanimously to warn Danish companies and municipalities from trading with Western Sahara. (euobserver.com)

According to Baikam, Wali was subjected to serious torture in Moroccan detention facilities. (middleeasteye.net)

I do not understand the reasons for the drop in shipments of Moroccan fruit, oranges or tomatoes to Russia, particularly given the limitations in the supply of these products from the European Union countries. (johnhelmer.net)
What this means is that cherry tomatoes from Western Sahara can be sold at the European market labeled as originating from Morocco. (lu.se)

Morocco is a transit center for Algerian gas exports to Spain and Portugal. (wikipedia.org)
A lawyer for the Moroccan government, Mourad Elajouti, sent "a legal warning" to Adidas on Sept. 30, demanding that the German company removed the collection within two weeks or released a statement "to identify the zellige art of Morocco as an inspiration" for the design of the Algerian team's jerseys. (wtrf.com)
The Western Sahara issue is always central to Algerian foreign policy decision-making. (thefrontierpost.com)
The following day, alleged drone strikes carried out by Morocco directly targeted clearly marked Algerian trucks near the Mauritanian border with the disputed Western Sahara region. (dailytelegraph.co.nz)
The"barbaric attack," as described by Ennahar, Algeria's national broadcaster, killed 3 Algerians and generated a large outpour of rage from the Algerian government. (dailytelegraph.co.nz)

A Japanese-Canadian vessel that transported conflict phosphate from occupied Western Sahara was yesterday received by a floating protest in New Zealand. (wsrw.org)
The bay of Mogán at Gran Canary Island will next week be covered in conflict sand from occupied Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)
The Norwegian government has recently changed its rhetoric with regard to the conflict and no longer wants to call Western Sahara occupied. (vest-sahara.no)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs now calls the conflict an "unresolved legal situation", even though the UN treats the country like a decolonizing project and defines Western Sahara as occupied. (vest-sahara.no)
The KrFU's national board agrees with Jan Egeland, the UN's special adviser for conflict resolution, who has declared that the conflict in Western Sahara is the conflict in the world which most urgently needs to be resolved. (vest-sahara.no)
In comments carried by Iraq's state news agency, Prime Minister Mohammed Shia Al-Sudani said the country wants a solution that does not conflict with its constitution or with international law. (arabnews.com)

The Norwegian state-controlled energy company Equinor 'regrets' exports of gas into Western Sahara and promises to never do it again. (vest-sahara.no)
Morocco supplies energy generated from solar sources to Europe via undersea cables, and has ambitious plans to increase these exports. (gfmag.com)
But last year turnover plunged 34%, as Russian exports of oil and petroleum dropped sharply following the bankruptcy of the Moroccan refinery company responsible for handling the Russian products. (johnhelmer.net)

Radi , 33, who is the co-creator of the news website Le Desk and is well known for his coverage of protests and corruption, announced yesterday that he has been summoned for questioning today by a unit at the Directorate General for National Security. (rsf.org)

Consequently, Morocco is the largest energy importer in northern Africa. (wikipedia.org)
The 'New Colonialism': the case of Western Sahara Senior International Program Officer (Africa) at War on Want Tom Lebert writes on permits given to British companies by the Moroccan government to explore for oil and gas in the Western Sahara. (jadaliyya.com)
Keen to reassert Turkey's international status, and also to help Turkish companies to break into the African market, the Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdogan has been spearheading a major diplomatic and business drive in Africa. (africaintelligence.com)
As the insurgents continued to advance, the government called upon the Army of Africa, the only combat-tested regulars in the largely short-service conscript Spanish Army. (sofmag.com)

The Moroccan economy rests on four pillars, with a fifth one gradually taking shape, explains Lebanese-born Atif Kubursi, professor emeritus of Economics at McMaster University and former acting executive secretary of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission. (gfmag.com)
Sure, the Palestinians have international law, the United Nations, and a large swath of public opinion on their side. (nationofchange.org)
Operation 1325 is an umbrella organisation working for full international implementation of Resolution 1325 , adopted by the United Nations' Security Council in 2000. (utblick.org)

The former Legal Counsel to the UN Security Counsel, Mr. Hans Corell, comments on the EU's fisheries activities in Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)

The Corell Opinion recognises Morocco as the de facto administrative power of Western Sahara. (ipsnews.net)

I knew Hassana for decades, he was a brave campaigner, especially on the issue of removing the landmines laid by the Moroccan army in Western Sahara because his father was killed by a landmine," said Mohammed al-Baikam, the secretary-general of the fishing associations of Dakhla and a friend of the deceased. (middleeasteye.net)

Algiers has an opportunity here, and to some degree pursued it, to really kind of explore and signal to Europe and Western capitals what neutrality looks like," Lawrence told Responsible Statecraft. (thefrontierpost.com)

The Western Sahara is the only country which has not been declared independent within the AU, whose predecessor, the Organization of African Unity (OAU) after contentious debate, has advocated for the total liberation of the Western Sahara for nearly four decades. (popularresistance.org)

The territory in this case is Western Sahara, South of Morocco, who includes the territory as part of its own country. (lu.se)

Nonetheless, in response to the seating of the SADR by the OAU/AU, Morocco withdrew its membership from the continental organization. (popularresistance.org)

Mauritania relinquished its falsely designated authority over the Western Sahara, while the Kingdom of Morocco, one of the few remaining monarchies on the continent, has refused to allow the people of the territory to even conduct an internationally supervised and monitored election on the status of their own country. (popularresistance.org)
The Kingdom of Morocco claims the territory of Western Sahara and administers the territory that it controls. (state.gov)

In December 2015, the European Court of Justice cancelled an EU-Morocco trade agreement. (euobserver.com)

The Moroccan ambassador in Oslo stated that Norwegian observers cannot attend trials in Western Sahara, as courtrooms are always closed, including in Norway. (vest-sahara.no)
Last December the Moroccan ambassador to Russia, Abdelkader Lecheheb, told the state press agency Sputnik that trade was the priority in the relationship between the governments. (johnhelmer.net)

Tunisian troops stopped two bomb-laden cars crossing from Libya and seized arms and documents bearing the symbol of Islamic State, as security tightened following two major attacks this year, the government said on Thursday. (africacenter.org)

Representatives from all nine political parties at the Norwegian parliament today established a friendship group for Western Sahara. (vest-sahara.no)

Mohammed, whose Alouite dynasty has ruled Morocco for 350 years, hasn't been to Moscow since 2002. (johnhelmer.net)

Other units were sent to Spanish colonial possessions in the Spanish Sahara (today's Western Sahara), the Canary Islands, Sidi Ifni, and to Spain's African colonies such as Equatorial Guinea. (sofmag.com)

So what exactly did King Mohammed VI of Morocco negotiate with President Putin at the Kremlin last week? (johnhelmer.net)
The Russian government of President Putin has steadfastly denied any involvement in the downing of the aircraft. (sofrep.com)

Above: Khalil Dambar lost his brother Said in 2010 to the gun of a Moroccan police officer. (wsrw.org)
The Moroccan government wanted him in prison for years because of his stand against torture and police violence, they wanted him silenced and now they have finally succeeded," Baikam told Middle East Eye. (middleeasteye.net)
The passivity of Moroccan police is a direct consequence of the hospitalisation of Ghali in Spain," said Rafael Calduch, professor of international law at Madrid's Complutense University, adding that attempts by Spain to minimise the issue had backfired. (dailymaverick.co.za)
A Gibraltar government spokesman commented, "The mayor must find means of conducting domestic politics with his central government that does not involve instructing his police to harass Gibraltarians. (theolivepress.es)

Two international observers accredited by the Norway-based Rafto Foundation for Human Rights were today prevented from entering El Aaiún, Western Sahara. (vest-sahara.no)

At the same time investigators raided the offices of the international NGO Fight Impunity, an organisation set up to promote the fight against impunity for serious violations of human rights and crimes against humanity, of which Panzeri is the president. (moroccomail.fr)

More international support is needed for refugees and their host communities, she said. (africacenter.org)

Our most recent project, #SpanishArms, documents where Spain has approved export licences for arms sold to countries such as Saudi Arabia, Morocco, and Nicaragua, and how those arms have been used in the facilitation of oppression or human rights violations. (bellingcat.com)
This recent proclamation by Spain is clearly a manifestation of the legacy of neo-colonialism, where even independent governments are subjected to the economic domination of the imperialist states. (popularresistance.org)

Swedish news outlets, parliament seminars, debate articles as well as active participation at events such as Bokmässan. (utblick.org)

Morocco is not willing to allow the people the right to self-determination today, and the oil industry is becoming an obstacle in terms of putting pressure in Morocco to accept that right. (ipsnews.net)

Syria's SANA state news agency reported Israeli strikes on Wednesday targeting multiple locations in Damascus including near its airport. (dailyalert.org)
But if it's true that Hamas had been planning this assault for one or even two years, then it's necessary to look at the other geopolitical conditions that have pushed Palestinian militants to act and the Israeli government, equally militant under Netanyahu's extremist reign, to wage war in return. (nationofchange.org)

Israel is concerned that weapons provided by the U.S. and other Western nations to Ukraine will end up in the hands of Israel's foes in the Middle East, including Iran. (dailyalert.org)
The world reacted with horror over the mistaken shootdown of Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 by the Iranians. (sofrep.com)

Fatna Ikrame El Fanne, an environmental engineer and climate activist, said that the Moroccan government had recently started paying attention to the issue. (arabnews.com)

a) Does SGRE agree with the ECJ, the UN and the International Court of Justice that Western Sahara is a Non-Self-Governing Territory, and not a region of another country? (wsrw.org)
As the weapon spreads across the globe, some U.S. lawmakers seek to crack down on the country, saying it's exploiting its NATO status to obtain key parts from Western manufacturers. (juancole.com)
The system failure paralyzed both offline and online issuances of the civil documents, with the suspension of the widely used online portal, Government 24, causing massive delays in and disruptions to public access across the country. (gmmgiftcards.com)
that Norwegian companies involved in the unlawful exploitation of Western Sahara s natural resources withdraw from the country. (vest-sahara.no)
Criterion Two: Respect for human rights in the country of final destination as well as respect by that country of international humanitarian law. (bellingcat.com)
The real reason the EU can`t stop human smuggling from Libya Independent Libyan academic Mustafa Fetouri argues that the European Union mission will not be able to put an end to human smuggling on the Libya coasts as long as "there is no strong central government in Libya with effective coast guard forces capable of patrolling the country`s 1,900 kilometers (1,180 miles) of ocean shoreline. (jadaliyya.com)
The decline in shipments in the traditional Moroccan positions - tomato and tangerine - is due to a decrease in the consumption of these products in the whole country. (johnhelmer.net)
The Moroccan government hopes to capitalise on its 2006 free trade agreement with the United States and encourage U.S. investment in the country by presenting it as a gateway to European, Middle Eastern and African markets. (ipsnews.net)
In recent years, the Moroccan government has enacted a number of policies that are aimed at improving water management and availability within the country," she said. (arabnews.com)

Hundreds of other potential migrants stood on the Moroccan side of the fence that separates the Spanish enclave from Morocco. (dailymaverick.co.za)

Following Zaki's condemnation, three liberal opposition figures immediately announced that they were withdrawing from the national dialogue, launched at the beginning of May by the government, less than one year before presidential elections. (africacenter.org)

In over 10 years, Siemens' assessment of its involvement in Western Sahara has not evolved, despite growing criticism from civil society organisations and the people holding the sovereign rights to the land: the Saharawis. (wsrw.org)
King Mohammed VI said two years ago that "[Western] Sahara will remain a part of Morocco until the end of time. (euobserver.com)
Western Sahara has been unlawfully occupied by Morocco for almost 40 years. (vest-sahara.no)
The third pillar is the agricultural sector, which has provided an estimated 250,000 new jobs during the past 10 years and is targeted for further growth by the World Bank and Morocco government. (gfmag.com)
In most years, a presidential impeachment trial would top the year-end list of biggest news stories. (cfr.org)
Western Sahara, a former Spanish province, has been in exile, repression and occupation for 45 years, without having been given a solution in accordance with international law. (pressenza.com)

Organisms2

Chemicals and Drugs1

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes3

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena8

Humanities1

Information Science3

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Health Care7

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Morocco's17

Sahrawi16

19759

Saharawi20

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Attacked by Moroccan police1

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20232

20207

Africa's4

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20191

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20212

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20161

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20021

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President Putin2

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Israeli2

Ukraine2

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Country9

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Years6