• Redox-sensitive cell signalling Thiol groups and the regulation of gene expression Redox-sensitive signal transduction pathways Protein kinases Protein phosphatases Lipids and phospholipases Antioxidant (electrophile) response element Intracellular calcium signalling Transcription factors NF-?B AP-1 p53 Cellular responses to oxidative stress Cellular responses to change in redox state Proliferation Cell death Immune cell function Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species - good or bad? (healthfully.org)
  • Specifically, UV light induces reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which excite an electron in melanin fragments. (genengnews.com)
  • Dark CPDs arise when UV-induced reactive oxygen and nitrogen species combine to excite an electron in fragments of the pigment melanin. (genengnews.com)
  • Dox-induced over-production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite has been proposed to be the main cause of Dox-induced acute cardiomyocyte toxicity and cell death by damaging various molecular constituents and organelles [ 9 - 12 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Traditionally, MIRI can be due to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) generation, a reduced availability of nitric oxide (NO), Ca 2+ overload, and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening. (hindawi.com)
  • These partially ionized gases deliver a therapeutic cocktail of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species safely at body temperature and without genotoxic side effects. (mdpi.com)
  • There are a number of reactive nitrogen oxide species, such as N2O3 and ONOO-, that can alter critical cellular components under high local concentrations of NO. However, NO can also abate the oxidation chemistry mediated by reactive oxygen species such as H2O2 and O2- that occurs at physiological levels of NO. In addition to the antioxidant chemistry, NO protects against cell death mediated by H2O2, alkylhydroperoxides, and xanthine oxidase. (researchgate.net)
  • Among reactive nitrogen oxide species, the modification of cysteine residues to sulfinamides [RS(O)NH 2 ] is unique to HNO. (jhu.edu)
  • As suggested by the authors, UV DNA damage arising in the dark might also be reduced by agents that scavenge or interfere with superoxide and nitric oxide production, or that quench the excited triplet-state intermediates," Dr. Taylor wrote. (genengnews.com)
  • Preliminary provision for the production of hydroxyl radicals from reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species, which are responsible for tissue injury in free radical-mediated diseases, is the meeting of oxygen with free electrons and production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. (cshd.org.tr)
  • As a whole, Dr. Miranda is interested in elucidating the fundamental molecular redox chemistry of NO and in developing compounds to deliver or scavenge NO and other nitrogen oxides. (bio5.org)
  • Third, it's necessary to describe chemical characterization of these compounds (spectroscopic features, kinetics, mechanisms and profiles of nitrogen oxide release, etc. (bio5.org)
  • Identified TPs contributed to the overall residual antimicrobial activity because phase I metabolites can be more reactive and glucose-conjugated TPs can be transformed back into parent compounds. (bvsalud.org)
  • In his later work, Charles's contributions centred on the study of unusual sulfur-nitrogen heteroaromatic compounds, especially those possessing multiple sulfur atoms within the ring. (chemistryworld.com)
  • Using predicted physiological concentrations of nitric oxide (NO), superoxide and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on low numbers of CFU of B. bronchiseptica, all redox active species displayed dose-dependent antimicrobial activity. (bio5.org)
  • A potential of about-0.8 (±0.2) V (at 1 M versus normal hydrogen electrode) for the reduction of nitric oxide (NO) to its one-electron reduced species, nitroxyl anion ( 3 NO - ) has been determined by a combination of quantum mechanical calculations, cyclic voltammetry measurements, and chemical reduction experiments. (bio5.org)
  • Charles Rees was a renowned synthetic chemist whose work embraced reactive intermediates, unusual extended aromatic systems, and sulfur-nitrogen heterocycles, all of which was underpinned by a rigorous approach to structure and mechanism. (chemistryworld.com)
  • In this area, we have developed a methodology for the incorporation of protected isocyanates into organic molecules and this chemistry is being applied to the synthesis of a diverse set of biologically important, nitrogen-containing heterocycles. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • The second major area of my group's research has involved studies into the use of structurally 'unusual' heterocycles as protected, reactive functional groups in organic synthesis. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • The possible role of these hemoglobins in protecting the microorganisms against attack by reactive nitrogen intermediates will be explored by monitoring NO and O2 consumption in wild-type and hemoglobin knock-out cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Dissolved free amino acids (DFAAs), nitrogen components of EfOM, are essential nitrogen sources for microorganisms and play important roles in global N-cycling in natural aquatic environments. (mtu.edu)
  • There are many microorganisms colonized in the human intestine, and more than 1000 bacterial species in the intestinal ecosystem of a single individual. (frontiersin.org)
  • is a relative unreactive radical, it is able to form other reactive intermediates, which could have an effect on protein function and on the function of the entire organism. (healthfully.org)
  • Carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, methylene chloride, nitrogen dioxide, and tetrachloroethylene were chosen as the subject for this interaction profile based on the likelihood of co-exposure to these chemicals in the home. (cdc.gov)
  • It has been suggested that such chemicals must contain multiple "reactive" functional groups to elicit an immune response. (cdc.gov)
  • The analysis has been supported by quantum chemical calculations probing the electrophilicities of the reactive chemicals. (cdc.gov)
  • NO can also be readily converted to higher nitrogen oxides such as N2O3 or ONOOH, which have very different chemical and biological properties. (bio5.org)
  • First, she will work on the development and utilization of analytical techniques for detection and measurement of NO and other nitrogen oxides as well as the resultant chemistry of these species. (bio5.org)
  • Second, she will synthesize potential donors or scavengers of NO and other nitrogen oxides. (bio5.org)
  • Recently, we published an expansion of these studies with other reactive sulfur species: H 2 S and RSSH. (jhu.edu)
  • An assay for RNA oxidation induced abasic sites using the Aldehyde Reactive Probe. (ouhsc.edu)
  • Abiotic oxidation of Fe( II ) by reactive nitrogen species in cultures of the nitrate‐reducing Fe( II ) oxidizer A cidovorax sp. (sagepub.com)
  • Following activation, eosinophils effector functions include production of the following: Cationic granule proteins and their release by degranulation Reactive oxygen species such as hypobromite, superoxide, and peroxide (hypobromous acid, which is preferentially produced by eosinophil peroxidase) Lipid mediators like the eicosanoids from the leukotriene (e.g. (wikipedia.org)
  • reactive oxygen species such as superoxide . (wikidoc.org)
  • Whilst much has been written about this reaction, relatively little characterisation has been carried out on the reaction intermediates. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • Susceptibility to individual redox active species was significantly increased upon introduction of a second species at subantimicrobial concentrations. (bio5.org)
  • Thus, the formation of an unprecedented uranium tris(imido) species via multi-electron redox chemistry mediated by redox-active ligands as well as its bonding properties will be discussed. (purdue.edu)
  • Additionally, the synthesis and characterization of other novel uranium imido species absent of redox active ligands will be presented, along with investigations of the reactive intermediates in solution. (purdue.edu)
  • Unlike that of other anti- oxygen and nitrogen intermediates tuberculosis drugs, resistance to inside host macrophages. (cdc.gov)
  • Macrophages play a significant role in many processes, such as the human immune function, parasite infection, and tissue remodeling by secreting cytokines and producing reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates. (frontiersin.org)
  • Upon initial interaction with the host upper respiratory tract mucosa, B. bronchiseptica are subjected to antimicrobial reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), effector molecules of the innate immune system. (bio5.org)
  • The UvrA NER system contributes to repair DNA oxidative damages It is hypothesized that inside the granuloma, dormant bacilli are continuously exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Reactive Nitrogen Intermediates (RNI) [23-27], lipo-soluble molecules that can enter the mycobacterial waxy cell wall, thus causing DNA damages. (faksignaling.com)
  • Many proteins, largely derived from Bacteroides species, were over-represented, while under-represented proteins were mostly from Firmicutes and some Prevotella members. (bmj.com)
  • Though not completely understood due to the incalculable number of pathways involved, the number of manuscripts that facilitate the understanding of the underlying effects of reactive radical species on the oxidative stress on lipids, proteins, and DNA and its contribution to the aging process increases nearly exponentially each year. (healthfully.org)
  • These reactive intermediates can trigger nitrosative damage on biomolecules, which in turn may lead to age‐related diseases due to structural alteration of proteins, inhibition of enzymatic activity, and interferences of the regulatory function. (healthfully.org)
  • The resulting capable of eliciting respiratory sensitization it must be able to models from these studies frequently highlight the importance bind covalently to proteins in a similar fashion to the formation of more than a single "reactive" functional group such as more of protein-haptan adducts that lead to skin sensitization ( 3, 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The role of reactive oxygen species and its effects on aging has received considerable attention in the past 47 years since Dr. Denham Harman first proposed the "free radical theory of aging. (healthfully.org)
  • Reactive free radicals are reduced by vitamin C, and the less reactive ascorbate radical is formed in their place. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • 10 -3 seconds) of most free radicals, they cannot be measured directly and instead are measured indirectly by using other agents that form radical species with longer half-lives. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Uranium imido complexes, in particular, are the subject of much research to determine the degree of f-orbital involvement in the uranium-nitrogen multiple bonds. (purdue.edu)
  • Gene expression analysis suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels are increased in both models, and we confirmed this through measures of cellular redox state. (healthfully.org)
  • The aim of these studies has been to develop a much-needed general synthetic route to amino acids (and other amine derivatives) possessing a quaternary chiral centre alpha -to the nitrogen atom and in particular, alpha , alpha -disubstituted alpha -amino acids. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • In contrast to oxygen, nitrogen transport occurs uniformly creating a plane-wave-like migration front, without assistance of diffusion channels. (nature.com)
  • Fifth, she will identify of potential targets, such as enzymes, for treatment of disease through exposure to nitrogen oxide donors. (bio5.org)
  • Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of ZDTPs, calcium alkyl phenates, and magnesium, sodium, and calcium sulphonates had significant effects on the reproductive organs of male rabbits (testicular atrophy and reduction or absence of spermatozoa) which appeared to be species specific. (cdc.gov)
  • Additional factors may include aqueous-phase competition reactions for the nitronium ion intermediate and/or direct ClNO2 loss mechanisms. (nasa.gov)
  • selection of hypermutable (mutator) increased risk for deamination [email protected] alleles based on alterations in DNA because of the production of reactive repair genes. (cdc.gov)
  • For all species unable to synthesize ascorbate, it is a vitamin by definition and must be obtained exogenously. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Six diatom species displayed specific anti-inflammatory, anticancer (blocking human melanoma cell proliferation), and anti-biofilm (against the bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis ) activities whereas, none of the other microalgae were bioactive against the conditions tested for. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this study, 21 diatoms, 7 dinoflagellates, and 4 flagellate species were grown in three different culturing conditions and the corresponding extracts were tested for possible antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-diabetes, antibacterial, and anti-biofilm activities. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, the responses of B. bronchiseptica to redox species at physiologically relevant concentrations (nM-microM) have not been investigated. (bio5.org)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Reactive Nitrogen Species" by people in this website by year, and whether "Reactive Nitrogen Species" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (ouhsc.edu)
  • Halving FLW in 2030 will reduce years of life lost by 0.5-0.8 million years and nitrogen deposition by 4.7-6.0 Tg N per year (4%) (range for socioeconomic pathways). (noaa.gov)
  • Gluconeogenic carbon flow of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates is critical for Mycobacterium tuberculosis to establish and maintain infection. (cornell.edu)
  • Furthermore, none of the 6 diatom species tested were toxic on normal human cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • As a rule, the width of an inflammatory halo (i.e., the space between the nucleus and cytoplasm) is less than the diameter of an intermediate cell nucleus and the outline or the boundary of this halo is often vague or poorly defined, These are also known as the pseudokoilocytes, The halos of koilocytes are much larger, more sharply defined and their nuclei are big and dark. (com.ng)
  • Reactive nitrogen species is required for the activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase by statin in vivo. (ouhsc.edu)
  • After a period of leisure time in a beautiful environment the scientific part of the day continued by lectures about N 2 activation and reactive nitrogen species. (fusion-conferences.com)
  • This is due to the lower activation energy for ion diffusion and the lower electronegativity of nitrogen compared to oxygen. (nature.com)
  • CoN and Co 3 O 4 single-layer films are voltage-actuated to compare nitrogen vs. oxygen magneto-ionic performances. (nature.com)
  • In general, the larger diameter MWs (MW #5-7, including Mitsui-7) and CNF #1 induced greater histopathology changes compared to MW #1 and #3 while MW #4 and CNF #2 were intermediate in effect. (cdc.gov)
  • Several DFAAs including histidine, methionine, and tyrosine in sunlit surface waters are susceptible to direct and indirect photochemical transformation with reactive oxygen species. (mtu.edu)