The integration of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from microorganisms with their surface receptors in the immune cells, induces the production of several cytokines and chemokines that presents either a pro- and/or anti-inflammatory role by stimulating the secretion of a great variety of antibody subtypes and the activation of mechanisms of controlling the disease, such as the regulatory T cells. (bvsalud.org)
Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist R848 alters the immune tumor microenvironment and enhances SBRT-induced antitumor efficacy in murine models of pancreatic cancer. (rochester.edu)
Stereotactic Body Radiation and Interleukin-12 Combination Therapy Eradicates Pancreatic Tumors by Repolarizing the Immune Microenvironment. (rochester.edu)
Several molecules expressed by macrophages and T cells including interleukin-12 (IL-12), interferon-γ, IL-10, and Foxp3 are critical for the intestinal balance between immune attack and tolerance. (nature.com)
In contrast to CD44s, the CD44 isoforms containing variable regions are expressed only in distinct epithelial cell types (e.g., keratinocytes), activated immune cells, and several types of cancers. (nature.com)
Tumor5
Following successful antigen-specific activation in secondary lymphoid tissues, T cells begin to produce numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-2, -4, -5, -6 and -8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon γ (IFN-γ), etc. (3). (biochemia-medica.com)
Interleukin-1--a major pleiotropic cytokine in tumor-host interactions. (biologicalworld.com)
IL-1 is abundant at tumor sites, where it may not only affect the growth and invasiveness of malignant cells, but where it may also induce antitumor immunity. (biologicalworld.com)
Here we review the effects of microenvironmental and tumor cell-associated IL-1 on malignant processes, in experimental tumor models and in cancer patients. (biologicalworld.com)
These pro-inflammatory cytokines are soluble mediators with pleiotropic effects on different types of cells. (biochemia-medica.com)
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) represents a family of two agonistic proteins, IL-1alpha and IL-1beta, that are pleiotropic and affect hemopoiesis, inflammation, and immunity. (biologicalworld.com)
Immune cells2
In addition, different immune cells such as macrophages, B lymphocytes, mast cells, natural killer cells (NK), etc. have been shown to influence bone cells as well. (biochemia-medica.com)
The integration of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from microorganisms with their surface receptors in the immune cells, induces the production of several cytokines and chemokines that presents either a pro- and/or anti-inflammatory role by stimulating the secretion of a great variety of antibody subtypes and the activation of mechanisms of controlling the disease, such as the regulatory T cells. (bvsalud.org)
Inflammatory7
It has been shown that some pro-inflammatory cytokines could possess osteoclastogenic and/or anti-osteoclastogenic properties and can target osteoclasts directly or via receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK)/RANK ligand(RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) system. (biochemia-medica.com)
In the second part, the evidence on the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in osteoporosis and osteoarthritis is reviewed to show that unravelling the mechanisms beyond such complex bone diseases, is almost impossible without considering skeletal and immune systems as an indivisible integrated system. (biochemia-medica.com)
The pro-inflammatory cytokines can be classified either based on the primary source of their production, i.e. the type of immune cell or their specific targets in bone, i.e. bone cells and thus the process they affect, i.e. bone resorption or formation. (biochemia-medica.com)
genetic and environmental factors seem to increase the susceptibility of some individuals in developing this severe inflammatory disease (1) ( Fig. 1 ). (bvsalud.org)
Many different cell types in the brain express the IL-1 receptor and respond to this cytokine by activating cell-type-specific signaling pathways leading to distinct functional responses, which collectively comprise the inflammatory response in the brain. (biologicalworld.com)
We characterized adiposity along with metabolic and inflammatory phenotypes in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice fed 1 of 3 high fat diets (45% energy) for 12 wk: control ( n = 29), high-Ca ( n = 30), or high-Ca + nonfat dry milk (NFDM) ( n = 30). (biomedcentral.com)
co-culture of both cell types increased gene expression and protein secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which was further enhanced by calcitriol [ 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Protein1
Other signs of inflammation, including elevated levels of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, sometimes develop in patients with severe COVID-19 [ 2 ]. (nih.gov)
Inflammation1
Interleukin (IL)-1 is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a key role in mediating inflammation in the brain. (biologicalworld.com)
Severe1
COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in 2019 and has infected more than 650 million people worldwide as of January 1, 2023 [ 1 ]. (nih.gov)
Research from one group has provided evidence in vitro and in the aP2-agouti transgenic mouse model of diet-induced obesity for a potential role of the calcitrophic hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) in promoting adipocyte lipogenesis and inhibiting lipolysis, thus encouraging adipocyte lipid accumulation [ 9 - 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Article1
This article examines the interaction of IL-1 with different trophic factors in the brain. (biologicalworld.com)
Production1
One key effect of IL-1 in the brain is the induction of trophic factor production by glial cells, which has traditionally been considered a neuroprotective response to injury or disease. (biologicalworld.com)
Factor1
However, recent studies have shown that nerve growth factor, which is regulated by IL-1, can induce neuronal survival or apoptosis via different receptors. (biologicalworld.com)
Affect1
IL-1 is abundant at tumour sites, where it may affect the process of carcinogenesis, tumour growth and invasiveness and the patterns of tumour-host interactions. (biologicalworld.com)