ProteinsPlasma membraneOuter membranePhospholipidsVesiclesSolubleMoleculesEnzymesIntracellularAntigenCellBacteriaEnzymeAntibodiesInvading microorganismsCellsInnateMolecularSmallFunctionProcessGroupActivationLipidsMucous membranesExtracellularJunctionsSerous membraneProteinStructuralMotifsGolgiCompositionInteractionLiverSurfaceEnergySpecific
Proteins5
- Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that are highly specific for sugar groups that are part of other molecules, so cause agglutination of particular cells or precipitation of glycoconjugates and polysaccharides. (wikipedia.org)
- Lectins have a role in recognition at the cellular and molecular level and play numerous roles in biological recognition phenomena involving cells, carbohydrates, and proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- These compounds generally penetrate cell membranes, act on specific target proteins in cells, regulate intracellular signaling pathways, and cause some changes in cell phenotype. (chemscene.com)
- In addition, EVs are mediators of communication between cells in physiological and pathological settings, and they transport a diverse array of biomolecules, including lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and proteins. (encyclopedia.pub)
- Outer membrane proteins are usually antigenic . (amboss.com)
Plasma membrane3
- The effect of N3SP on NHE3 activity was evaluated in NHE3-transfected fibroblasts null for other plasma membrane NHEs, a human colon cancer cell line that models intestinal absorptive enterocytes (Caco-2/BBe), human enteroids, and mouse intestine in vitro and in vivo. (bvsalud.org)
- Describe passive transport, osmosis and active transport in plasma membrane. (psebsolutions.com)
- Passive Transport: The plasma membrane is selectively permeable to some molecules present on either side of it. (psebsolutions.com)
Outer membrane3
- The ligands include molecular patterns like lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which are the constituents of the outer membrane of gram negative bacteria. (fortunejournals.com)
- Mycobacteria are characterized by their impermeable outer membrane, which is rich in mycolic acids1. (regenerativemedicine.net)
- This membrane-associated complex seems to be embedded exclusively in the inner membrane, which indicates that additional components are required to translocate substrates across the mycobacterial outer membrane. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Phospholipids1
- Docosahexaenoic Acid methyl ester is a methylated docosahexaenoic acid analog which can be intercalated into membrane phospholipids without being oxidized or hydrolyzed [1][2]. (medchemexpress.com)
Vesicles2
- Membrane bound minute vesicles that contain various enzymes are called microbodies. (psebsolutions.com)
- Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are mainly featured as a heterogeneous population of membrane-enclosed, non-replicating, and sub-micron sized structures, which are actively secreted by wide variety of eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. (encyclopedia.pub)
Soluble2
- Lectins may bind to a soluble carbohydrate or to a carbohydrate moiety that is a part of a glycoprotein or glycolipid. (wikipedia.org)
- Various cell types can process and present these antigens to T cells, or antigens may be soluble and bound to B-cell receptors. (medscape.com)
Molecules4
- In innate immunity, immune cells are activated by their pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which bind to pattern molecules of invading pathogens. (fortunejournals.com)
- Many molecules can move briefly across the membrane without any requirement of energy and this is called the passive transport. (psebsolutions.com)
- Active Transport: As the polar molecules cannot pass through the nonpolar lipid bilayer, they require a carrier protein of the membrane to facilitate their transport across the membrane. (psebsolutions.com)
- A few ions or molecules are transported across the membrane against their concentration gradient, i.e., from lower to the higher concentration. (psebsolutions.com)
Enzymes1
- Mention a single membrane bound organelle, which is rich in hydrolytic enzymes. (psebsolutions.com)
Intracellular1
- Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. (lookformedical.com)
Antigen2
- Binding of complement to a foreign substance, or antigen, amplifies and augments the body's innate immune system by means of its role as an opsonin (a factor that enhances phagocytosis of unwanted particles) and as a chemoattractant (a factor that recruits cells to areas of inflammation). (medscape.com)
- After a complex process of education and maturation, a circulating lymphocyte can bind to an antigen. (medscape.com)
Cell4
- binding can prevent their attachment to the carbohydrates within the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
- citation needed] Some hepatitis C viral glycoproteins may attach to C-type lectins on the host cell surface (liver cells) to initiate infection. (wikipedia.org)
- To avoid clearance from the body by the innate immune system, pathogens (e.g., virus particles and bacteria that infect human cells) often express surface lectins known as adhesins and hemagglutinins that bind to tissue-specific glycans on host cell-surface glycoproteins and glycolipids. (wikipedia.org)
- Recall that an adhesin is a protein or glycoprotein found on the surface of a pathogen that attaches to receptors on the host cell. (pressbooks.pub)
Bacteria1
- Lectins also mediate attachment and binding of bacteria, viruses, and fungi to their intended targets. (wikipedia.org)
Enzyme1
- α-Glucosidase (α-D-Glucosidase), a carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzyme, catalyzes the liberation of α-glucose from the non-reducing end of the substrate. (medchemexpress.com)
Antibodies1
- Opsonins are often antibodies or components of the complement pathway that bind to the surface of target organisms to facilitate this phagocytosis. (medscape.com)
Invading microorganisms2
- Lectins such as the mannose-binding lectin, help mediate the first-line defense against invading microorganisms. (wikipedia.org)
- The skin and mucous membranes act as physical barriers to invading microorganisms. (medscape.com)
Cells7
- The binding of glycoproteins on the surface of parasitic cells also is believed to be a function. (wikipedia.org)
- Multiple viruses, including influenza and several viruses in the Paramyxoviridae family, use this mechanism to bind and gain entry to target cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Some of the glycolipids and glycoproteins on an individual's red blood cells can be identified by lectins. (wikipedia.org)
- Microvilli are actin-based microscopic membrane protrusions that are present in a wide variety of immune cells. (bvsalud.org)
- Cells in the epithelial tissue are held together with very little intercellular material (matrix). (psebsolutions.com)
- A membrane-bound organelle that is present in all plant and fungal cells and some protist, animal and bacterial cells. (hokudai.ac.jp)
- Innate immunity resides in the skin, mucous membranes, polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells, complement system, and a select group of cells that possess cytotoxic capabilities. (medscape.com)
Innate1
- Intelectins (X-type lectins) bind microbial glycans and may function in the innate immune system as well. (wikipedia.org)
Molecular1
- Here, we report the molecular architecture of the ESX-5 membrane complex from Mycobacterium xenopi determined at 13 resolution by electron microscopy. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Small1
- E) They trigger binding of the small ribosomal subunit to AUG. (studymoose.com)
Function1
- Once thought to be necessary for rhizobia binding, this proposed function was ruled out through lectin-knockout transgene studies. (wikipedia.org)
Process1
- Osmosis: Neutral solutes may move across the membrane by the process of simple diffusion along the concentration gradient, i.e., from higher concentration to the lower. (psebsolutions.com)
Group1
- A) They bind to the CAP group at the 5' end. (studymoose.com)
Activation1
- The most widely studied TLR associated with LPS ligand binding, interaction and downstream activation, is TLR-4. (fortunejournals.com)
Lipids1
- They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids , although not stored in large amounts in the system. (lookformedical.com)
Mucous membranes2
- Innate immunity resides in the skin, mucous membranes, polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells, complement system, and a select group of cells that possess cytotoxic capabilities. (medscape.com)
- The skin and mucous membranes act as physical barriers to invading microorganisms. (medscape.com)
Extracellular2
- [ 33 ] Furthermore, intravenously administered vectors must navigate through extracellular matrices that occupy intercellular spaces. (medscape.com)
- These methods generally aim to shield the vector from the extracellular environment by attachment of hydrophilic molecules such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), or more recently, by incorporating high densities of cell-binding ligands, such as transferrin, into the complex. (medscape.com)
Junctions2
- For example, intercellular spaces in sinuses of the liver and spleen average around 100 nm in width, while some intercellular junctions of the brain are only 1-2 nm wide. (medscape.com)
- These changes include formation of interdigitating foot processes, replacement of tight junctions with slit diaphragms, and the concomitant opening of intercellular urinary spaces. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Serous membrane5
- 85. The wall of the abdominopelvic cavity is lined by a serous membrane called the A. visceral pleural membrane. (easynotecards.com)
- A.a double-layered serous membrane that anchors some of the abdominal organs to the body wall. (easynotecards.com)
- B. the serous membrane that covers the lungs. (easynotecards.com)
- C. the serous membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities. (easynotecards.com)
- One of the following is NOT a serous membrane. (mypharmaguide.com)
Protein4
- The Biochemistry and Biophysics of Membranes (BBM) Study Section reviews research applications concerned with all biochemical and biophysical aspects of structure and function of biological membranes and of their constituent lipid and protein components. (nih.gov)
- Membrane protein structure determination. (nih.gov)
- Computational modeling and theoretical analysis of membrane environments and membrane protein functioning. (nih.gov)
- Applications where protein and/or nucleic acid function is heavily dependent upon details of membrane association and membrane molecular properties are reviewed in BBM. (nih.gov)
Structural2
- These matrices are typically composed of different combinations of collagens, proteoglycans, hyaluronic acid, fibronectin and other glycoproteins that can affect the structural composition of vectors. (medscape.com)
- Application that emphasize structural and functional analysis of membranes and membrane fusion using biophysical and computational approaches are reviewed in BBM. (nih.gov)
Motifs1
- The N-terminal subdomain includes Walker A and Walker B motifs which function in ATP binding and hydrolysis. (nih.gov)
Golgi1
- The transfer of membranes from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus occurs via 50-70 nm transition vesicles which derive from part-rough, part-smooth transitional elements of the endoplasmic reticulum (tER). (nih.gov)
Composition1
- What is the composition of the intercellular matrix in connective tissue? (mypharmaguide.com)
Interaction1
- P61959.1 MADEKPKEGVKTENNDHINLKVAGQDGSVVQFKIKRHTPLSKLMKAYCERQGLSMRQIRFRFDGQPINETDTPAQLEMEDEDTIDVFQQQTGGVY 1367453_at NP_446195 6.64 hsp90 co-chaperone Cdc37 Cdc37 Rattus norvegicus " Co-chaperone that binds to numerous kinases and promotes their interaction with the Hsp9N/A complex, resulting in stabilization and promotion of their activity. (nih.gov)
Liver1
- citation needed] Some hepatitis C viral glycoproteins may attach to C-type lectins on the host cell surface (liver cells) to initiate infection. (wikipedia.org)
Surface1
- Opsonins are often antibodies or components of the complement pathway that bind to the surface of target organisms to facilitate this phagocytosis. (medscape.com)
Energy1
- membrane-based energy transduction mechanisms. (nih.gov)
Specific1
- The present findings suggest that the detection of immune complexes in unfractionated samples of late tumour-bearer serum using a C1q-binding assay is masked by the increasing production of tumour-specific antibodies and by a shift from complement fixing to non-complement-fixing tumour-specific antibodies. (nih.gov)