Interaction histocompatibility antigens class ii. Medical search. Frequent questions

Superantigens simultaneously bind to major histocompatibility complex class II molecules and T-cell receptor molecules bearing a particular V-β region. (cdc.gov)
Class II molecules are expressed in antigen-presenting cells (APC: B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). (wikipedia.org)
The TCR-CD3 complex is responsible for recognizing antigens bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. (ptglab.com)
However, the diffraction patterns of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules indicate that their ligands are in an extended non-α-helical conformation. (huji.ac.il)
A staphylococcal antigen (eg, enterotoxins C and A and toxic shock syndrome toxin [TSST]-1) act as a superantigen and it can bind directly to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells. (medscape.com)
Whereas binding was undetectable in solution, the affinity of the CD4/pMHC II interaction could be measured in 2D using CD4- and adhesion molecule-functionalized, supported lipid bilayers, yielding a 2 D Kd of ∼5,000 molecules/μm 2 . (lu.se)
Although plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) express major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) molecules, and can capture, process, and present antigens (Ags), direct demonstrations that they function as professional Ag-presenting cells (APCs) in vivo during ongoing immune responses remain lacking. (unige.ch)
The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that signals delivered via the B cell antigen (Ag) receptor (membrane immunoglobulin, mIg) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules enhance B cell responsiveness to CD40‐mediated signals, providing specificity to the Ag‐nonspecific, MHC‐unrestricted CD40 signal. (uthscsa.edu)
Bishop, GA, Warren, WD & Berton, MT 1995, ' Signaling via major histocompatibility complex class II molecules and antigen receptors enhances the B cell response to gp39/CD40 ligand ', European Journal of Immunology , vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 1230-1238. (uthscsa.edu)
MHC class II molecules are comprised of two membrane-spanning chains, alpha and beta, of similar size. (embl-heidelberg.de)
class II molecules present exogenously derived antigenic peptides (~15 amino acids) to helper T cells. (embl-heidelberg.de)
MHC class I and II molecules are assembled and loaded with their peptide ligands via different mechanisms. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Function and regulation of MHC class II molecules in T-lymphocytes: ofmice and men. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Besides antigen presentation, growing evidence is showing thatligation of MHC class II molecules also activates intracellular signalingpathways, frequently leading to apoptosis. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Constitutive expression of MHCclass II molecules is confined to professional antigen-presenting cells(APC) of the immune system, and in nonprofessional APCs MHC class IImolecules can be induced by a variety of immune regulators. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Interestingly,activated T cells from many species, with the exception of mice,synthesize and express MHC class II molecules at their cell surface. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Antibody -B cell-produced molecules encoded by genes that re-arrange during B cell development consisting of immunoglobulin heavy and light chains that together form the central component of the B cell receptor (BCR) for antigen. (mhmedical.com)
Antibody can exist as B cell-surface antigen-recognition molecules or as secreted molecules in plasma and other body fluids. (mhmedical.com)
Antigens -foreign or self-molecules that are recognized by the adaptive and innate immune systems resulting in immune cell triggering, T cell activation, and/or B cell antibody production. (mhmedical.com)
Although it has been shown that a fraction of newly synthesized class I molecules are in physical association with TAP, it is not known whether this interaction is functionally relevant, or where on the class I molecule the TAP binding site might be. (ox.ac.uk)
Wild-type HLA-A2.1 molecules in TAP-deficient cells are retained in the ER, whereas T134K is rapidly released to the cell surface, but is unstable, suggesting a role for the TAP complex as an intracellular checkpoint that only affects the release of class I molecules with stably bound peptide ligands. (ox.ac.uk)
Stimulation of CD28 on type 1 THCs by B7 costimulatory molecules results in the secretion of interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon gamma by type 1 THCs. (medscape.com)
MHC class II molecules are found primarily on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells. (tutorialspoint.com)
MHC class II molecules are heterodimers consisting of two chains: alpha and beta. (tutorialspoint.com)
The peptide-binding groove of MHC class II molecules can accommodate peptides of 13-25 amino acids in length. (tutorialspoint.com)
This ensures that only properly folded MHC class II molecules are transported to the cell surface. (tutorialspoint.com)
MHC class II molecules are essential for initiating and regulating adaptive immune responses. (tutorialspoint.com)
MHC class II molecules are essential for the presentation of exogenous antigens to CD4+ T cells. (tutorialspoint.com)
The peptide-binding groove of MHC class II molecules has a high degree of specificity for certain amino acids, allowing the binding of a wide variety of peptides. (tutorialspoint.com)
Mature messenger RNA species for both class I and class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules were detected by Northern hybridization, and their corresponding cell surface gene products were detected by cytofluorography of MCT cells stained with haplotype-specific antibodies. (rupress.org)
Both the cell surface 3M-1 and the small amounts of detected class II MHC molecules appear to be biologically functional, as MCT cells can support the proliferation of 3M-1-specific, class II MHC-restricted helper T cells in culture. (rupress.org)
Initiation and regulation of immune responses in humans involves recognition of peptides presented by human leukocyte antigen class II (HLA-II) molecules. (biomedcentral.com)
Antigen variation in pathogens and tumor antigens, and extensive polymorphism of HLA molecules increase the number of targets for screening studies. (biomedcentral.com)
Experimental screening methods are expensive and time consuming and reagents are not readily available for many of the HLA class II molecules. (biomedcentral.com)
Full overlapping studies of four antigens identified binding affinity of 103 peptides to seven common HLA-DR molecules (DRB1*0101, 0301, 0401, 0701, 1101, 1301, and 1501). (biomedcentral.com)
Because not all servers have predictors for all tested HLA-II molecules, we assessed a total of 113 predictors. (biomedcentral.com)
CTLs recognize peptide antigens presented by major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules on infected cells or cancer cells and kill them. (biomedcentral.com)
Both these processes are initiated and regulated by T-helper (Th) cells that recognize antigenic peptides presented by MHC class II (MHC-II) molecules. (biomedcentral.com)
MHC-II molecules present antigenic peptides internalized by professional antigen presenting cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, or T lymphocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
Peptides presented by MHC-I molecules are mainly intracellular and those presented by MHC-II molecules originate mainly from or extracellular proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
A distinct characteristic of MHC molecules of either class is a groove that binds peptides in a highly promiscuous manner. (biomedcentral.com)
To reconstitute the human immune system in mice, transgenic mice expressing human CD4 and human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II (DQw6) molecules in an endogenous CD4- and CD8-deficient background (mCD4/8 -/− ), after homologous recombination, have been generated. (elsevierpure.com)
During th e induction phase, antigen/ h aptenspecific T cells are induced by appropriate presentation of the hapten in the context of major histocompatibility co mplex (MHC) class II molecules. (archive.org)
Stimulation ofT cells can also occur in the presence of supera n tigens that bind to the V {3-region of the af3 T -cell receptor [5, 6] and to MHC-class TI molecules outside the regular antigen binding groove [7 ,8]. (archive.org)
Antigens are the molecules that are recognized and stimulate the cells of immune system. (medscape.com)
Immunoglobulins (Igs), the term is sometimes used interchangeably with "antibodies," are glycoprotein molecules produced by B lymphocytes and plasma cells in response to an immunogen or after recognition of specific epitopes on the antigen. (medscape.com)
Variable region constitutes the antibody binding region of the molecule to the different antigens as it consists of about 110 amino acids that vary widely among the different antibody molecules. (medscape.com)
However, most drugs act as haptens, binding covalently to serum or cell-bound proteins, including peptides embedded in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
Haptens may also bind directly to class II MHC molecules, directly activating T cells. (msdmanuals.com)

We present two mutually consistent structural explanations for the source of the α-helical periodicity, based on an observation that the side chains of MHC-bound peptides generally partition with hydrophobic (hydrophilic) side chains pointing into (out of) the cleft. (huji.ac.il)
Peptides that are antigenic for T lymphocytes are ligands for two receptors, the class I or II glycoproteins that are encoded by genes in the major histocompatibility complex, and the idiotypic / chain T-cell antigen receptor1-9. (uni-muenchen.de)
From a compilation of known antigenic peptides, two algorithms have been proposed to predict antigenic sites in proteins. (uni-muenchen.de)
Peptides are delivered to the site of MHC class I assembly by the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP), and cell lines that lack this transporter are unable to present endogenous antigens to CTLs. (ox.ac.uk)
Ii is synthesized in the ER and binds to the peptide-binding groove of the MHC class II molecule, preventing it from binding to peptides in the ER. (tutorialspoint.com)
Once the MHC class II molecule has been transported to the cell surface, the invariant chain is cleaved and removed by proteases, allowing peptides to bind to the peptide-binding groove. (tutorialspoint.com)
The peptides that bind to the MHC class II molecule are derived from extracellular proteins that have been internalized by the cell via endocytosis or phagocytosis. (tutorialspoint.com)
MHC class II proteins display these peptides to the immune system. (medlineplus.gov)
These peptides (HLA-II T-cell epitopes) are increasingly important as research targets for the development of vaccines and immunotherapies. (biomedcentral.com)
HLA-II peptide binding studies involve multiple overlapping peptides spanning individual antigens, as well as complete viral proteomes. (biomedcentral.com)

This class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha (DQA) and a beta chain (DQB), both anchored in the membrane. (wikipedia.org)
That a peptide must bind to an MHC molecule to interact with a T-cell antigen receptor is the molecular basis of the MHC restriction of antigen-recognition by T lymphocytes10,11. (uni-muenchen.de)
We report here that a systematic delimitation of an antigenic site precisely identifies a predicted pentapeptide motif as the minimal antigenic determinant presented by a class I MHC molecule and recognized by a cytolytic T lymphocyte clone. (uni-muenchen.de)
The alpha1 domain is involved in binding to the beta chain and is essential for the stability of the MHC class II molecule. (tutorialspoint.com)
The interactions between the alpha and beta chains are critical for the stability of the MHC class II molecule. (tutorialspoint.com)
The MHC class II molecule is stabilized by disulfide bonds between the alpha and beta chains, as well as interactions with the TMDs. (tutorialspoint.com)
The peptide-binding groove of a MHC molecule consists of a β-sheet and two α-helices. (biomedcentral.com)
Human CD4 + DQw6 + double transgenic mice are tolerant to DQw6 and the DQw6 molecule functions in antigen presentation, effectively generating a human MHC class II-restricted T cell response to streptococcal M6C2 peptide. (elsevierpure.com)
The Ig molecule is a polypeptide heterodimer that is composed of 2 identical light chains and 2 identical heavy chains connected by disulfide bonds (see the image below). (medscape.com)

Class II MHC glycoproteins are expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APC), including macrophages, dendritic cells and B cells. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that have a notable role in the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. (mdpi.com)

In such a trimolecular interaction the amino-acid sequence of the peptide must specify the contact with both receptors: agretope residues bind to the MHC receptor and epitope residues bind to the T-cell antigen receptor12,13. (uni-muenchen.de)
MHC class II receptors display antigens for recognition by helper T cells (stimulate development of B cell clones) and inflammatory T cells (cause the release of lymphokines that attract other cells to site of infection) ( PUBMED:15120183 ). (embl-heidelberg.de)
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) glycoproteins are heterodimeric cell surface receptors that function to present antigen peptide fragments to T cells responsible for cell-mediated immune responses. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Immune responses by these cells are based on specific antigen recognition by clonotypic receptors that are products of genes that rearrange during development and throughout the life of the organism. (mhmedical.com)

Mouse monoclonal to HLA-DR.HLA-DR a human class II antigen of the major histocompatibility complex(MHC),is a transmembrane glycoprotein composed of an alpha chain (36 kDa) and a beta subunit(27kDa) expressed primarily on antigen presenting cells:B cells, monocytes, macrophages and thymic epithelial cells. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)

1. Major histocompatibility complex class II antigens have the central role in the immune response of 'presenting' antigenic peptide to CD4 + T-cells. (portlandpress.com)
This interaction with a T-cell's receptor may result in activation, but, if recognition occurs without collateral molecular interactions which cause 'co-stimulation', these T-cells will be tolerized. (portlandpress.com)
2. In the light of current interest in muscle cell transplantation, a transformed myoblast, TE671, phenotypically comparable to untransformed cells, transfected to express class II, was studied as a stable model of antigen presentation by muscle cells. (portlandpress.com)
This binding results in the activation of a large proportion of antigen-presenting cells and T cells, with subsequent release of high systemic levels of cytokines ( 12 - 15 ). (cdc.gov)
The major cytokines released from antigen-presenting cells and T cells after activation by SAgs are tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), tumor necrosis factor beta (TNF-β), interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-2 ( 11 - 14 ). (cdc.gov)
The αβ T-cell coreceptor CD4 enhances immune responses more than 1 million-fold in some assays, and yet the affinity of CD4 for its ligand, peptide-major histocompatibility class II (pMHC II) on antigen-presenting cells, is so weak that it was previously unquantifiable. (lu.se)
However, when presented multivalently on magnetic beads, soluble CD4 bound pMHC II-expressing B cells, confirming that it is active and allowing mapping of the native coreceptor binding site on pMHC II. (lu.se)
These interactions promote the selective expansion of myelin-Ag-specific natural regulatory T cells that dampen the autoimmune T cell response. (unige.ch)
To test this hypothesis, both an Ag‐specific mouse B cell clone CH12.LX, and freshly isolated resting splenic B cells were cultured with either soluble or membrane‐bound forms of the T cell ligand for CD40 (CD40L), in the presence or absence of additional signals provided by Ag or anti‐IgM, interleukin‐4, and class II‐specific monoclonal antibody (mAb). (uthscsa.edu)
The ability of class II MHC‐mediated signals to enhance Ag‐specific B cell responsiveness to CD40‐mediated signaling may selectively promote the activation of B cell clones capable of cognate interactions with helper T cells. (uthscsa.edu)
Exosomes are small lipid bilayer-surrounded extracellular vesicles released from cells into the extracellular space or biological fluids ( 1 , 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Cognate MHC-TCR interaction leads to apoptosis of antigen-presenting cells. (ox.ac.uk)
Additional cells of the adaptive immune system include various types of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). (mhmedical.com)
One is the ability to administer large numbers of highly selected cells with high avidity for tumor antigens that can recognize shared and patient-specific mutated (neo) antigens. (biomedcentral.com)
BACKGROUND:Glycoproteins encoded by the major histocompatibility complex class I region (MHC class I) present peptide antigens to cytotoxic T cells (CTLs). (ox.ac.uk)
RESULTS:C1R cells transfected with a mutant HLA-A2.1 heavy chain (HC), where threonine at position 134 in the alpha 2 domain is changed to lysine (T134K), are unable to present endogenous antigens to CTLs. (ox.ac.uk)
We have studied the biochemistry of this mutant in C1R cells, and found that a large pool of unstable empty class I HC-beta 2m (beta-2 microglobulin) heterodimers exist that are rapidly transported to the cell surface. (ox.ac.uk)
The roles of the M cells include absorption, transport, processing, and presentation of antigens to subepithelial lymphoid cells. (medscape.com)
the latter are antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that function as memory cells interacting with type 1 THCs. (medscape.com)
M cells in the intestinal epithelium overlying Peyer patches allow transport of antigens to the lymphoid tissue beneath it. (medscape.com)
They play a critical role in initiating and regulating adaptive immune responses by presenting exogenous antigens to CD4+ T cells. (tutorialspoint.com)
This interaction leads to the activation and differentiation of CD4+ T cells, which subsequently activate other immune cells such as B cells, CD8+ T cells, and natural killer cells. (tutorialspoint.com)
Proximal tubular epithelial cells from mice which develop autoimmune interstitial nephritis were found to express the nephritogenic target antigen, 3M-1. (rupress.org)
The 3M-1 antigen can be found on the MCT cell surface by radioimmunoassay, or deposited in a linear array in the extracellular matrix surrounding the MCT cells in culture by immunofluorescence. (rupress.org)
MHC class II genes provide instructions for making proteins that are present on the surface of certain immune system cells. (medlineplus.gov)
The discovery and characterization of new antigens implicated in the pathogenesis of T1D is a high priority as it can lead to new diagnostic tools and anticipate that studies proposed by Dr. Baker will provide critical information to target autoreactive T cells though antigen-specific therapies. (cuanschutz.edu)
Using HLA-II tetramers, we observed citrullinated vimentin- and aggrecan-specific CD4(+) T cells in the peripheral blood of HLA-DRB1*04:01(+) RA-affected and healthy individuals. (rcsb.org)
The goal of vaccination is to induce immunity against pathogens and cancer cells by stimulating antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) or B cells. (biomedcentral.com)
A vaccine must at minimum contain two antigenic epitopes: one to induce specific B-cell or CTL responses and another to induce specific Th cells that regulate (initiate, enhance, or suppress) immune responses [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Upon vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) challenge, the reconstituted mature T cell population effectively provide T help to B cells in immunoglobulin class switching from IgM to specific IgG-neutralizing antibodies. (elsevierpure.com)
Cells can communicate via physical interactions, in- cluding membrane bridge formation, such as tunneling nanotubes and cytonemes, and/or through the release of soluble factors [1-3]. (unicyte.ch)
Similarly, reprogramming of somatic cells involves a complex interaction among intracellular and extracellular signals leading to epigenetic remodeling [6]. (unicyte.ch)
The cellular response is mainly a lymphocyte-mediated reaction, whereas the humoral response includes production of antibodies against the antigen by the plasma cells. (medscape.com)
2) T cell deficiencies affect the function in killing infected cells or helping other immune cells. (lu.se)
cells are activated by interaction with antigens and obtain T indicated that the cell lines representing a defined cell help, they mature into terminally differentiated plasma stage generally presented a high similarity in over- cells secreting large amounts of antibodies [10 -12]. (lu.se)

The protein encoded by this gene is one of two proteins that are required to form the DQ heterodimer, a cell surface receptor essential to the function of the immune system. (wikipedia.org)
Exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular protein domains, exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and the cytoplasmic tail. (wikipedia.org)
CD4 is an accessory protein for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-II antigen/T-cell receptor interaction. (ptglab.com)
Exosomes are one of the most researched classes of extracellular vesicles because they are carriers of targeted protein and DNA/RNA loads. (spandidos-publications.com)
methylation at certain residues of histones can regulate gene expression [ 4 ], and glycosylation is responsible for targeting substrates and changing protein half-life [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Click on the protein counts, or double click on taxonomic names to display all proteins containing MHC_II_alpha domain in the selected taxonomic class. (embl-heidelberg.de)
High-resolution mapping of the protein interaction network for the human transcription machinery and affinity purification of RNA polymerase II-associated complexes. (genscript.com)
The localization of the HKE2 gene to the class II region, its cytoplasmic expression and putative protein-binding domain suggest that HKE2 may function in adaptive immunity and cancer. (genscript.com)
The association is mediated by a chaperone protein called the invariant chain (Ii). (tutorialspoint.com)
The HLA-DQA1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that plays a critical role in the immune system. (medlineplus.gov)
The protein produced from the HLA-DQA1 gene attaches (binds) to the protein produced from another MHC class II gene, HLA-DQB1 . (medlineplus.gov)
Together, they form a functional protein complex called an antigen-binding DQαβ heterodimer. (medlineplus.gov)
This perspective focuses on two areas that have yielded new useful information during the last 20 years: (i) structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of contact allergy based on the concept of hapten-protein binding and (ii) mechanistic investigations regarding activation of nonsensitizing compounds to contact allergens by air oxidation or skin metabolism. (cdc.gov)
Antibodies belong to immunoglobulin family of protein and have 5 isotypes (G, A, M, E, D) with further subclasses of G and A. The classes are differentiated with the characteristics of the Ig heavy chain of the antibody. (medscape.com)

Antigen presentation to T lymphocytes has been characterized extensively in terms of T lymphocyte activation and eventual cell death. (ox.ac.uk)
The main function of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class IImolecules is to present processed antigens, which are derived primarilyfrom exogenous sources, to CD4(+) T-lymphocytes. (embl-heidelberg.de)
McIntosh R.S., Tandon N., Pickerill A.P., Davies R., Barnett D., Weetman A.P. IL-2 receptor-positive intrathyroidal lymphocytes in Graves' disease. (rusmedserv.com)
Differentiation antigens found on thymocytes and on cytotoxic and suppressor T-lymphocytes. (bvsalud.org)

MHC II proteins present peptide antigens that originate extracellularly from foreign bodies such as bacteria. (embl-heidelberg.de)

Array Matrix-96 microarrays including 50 mer probes focusing on 697 genes highly relevant to tumor research [discover Additional document 2]. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a group of genes that encode for cell-surface proteins involved in antigen presentation to the immune system. (tutorialspoint.com)
The HLA-DQA1 gene is part of a family of genes called the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex. (medlineplus.gov)
The HLA-DQA1 gene belongs to a group of MHC genes called MHC class II. (medlineplus.gov)
Type 1 diabetes risk is most increased by two HLA haplotypes involving variations of the HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 genes and another HLA gene called HLA-DRB1 . (medlineplus.gov)
12 - 15 These studies focused mainly on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genes, and found evidence that class II alleles such as HLA-DRB1*03:01 are associated with auto-antibody production. (cdc.gov)

The extracellular domain of the alpha chain is composed of two immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains, called alpha1 and alpha2 domains. (tutorialspoint.com)
The extracellular domain of the beta chain is composed of one immunoglobulin-like domain, called the beta1 domain, and one MHC class II-specific domain called the "β2 domain. (tutorialspoint.com)
T8 antigens are members of the immunoglobulin supergene family and are associative recognition elements in MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) Class I-restricted interactions. (bvsalud.org)
The use of cell lines does, however, introduce a risk the immunoglobulin (Ig)-secreting plasma cell in the spleen, of obtaining cell line-specific features as a result of the trans- gut, or BM [1, 2]. (lu.se)

Here, we report that a soluble form of CD4 failed to bind detectably to pMHC II in surface plasmon resonance-based assays, establishing a new upper limit for the solution affinity at 2.5 mM. (lu.se)
Proteins from the pathogen are degraded into peptide fragments within the APC, which sequesters these fragments into the endosome so they can bind to MHC class II proteins, before being transported to the cell surface. (embl-heidelberg.de)
The T134K mutant seemed to bind peptide antigens and assemble with beta 2m as efficiently as wild-type HLA-A2.1. (ox.ac.uk)
The antibodies then specifically bind to only those particular antigens. (medscape.com)

Each chain has two domains: an extracellular domain (ECD) and a transmembrane domain (TMD). (tutorialspoint.com)
HLA-DR is a transmembrane human major histocompatibility complex 2 (MHC II) family member and consists of a 34 kDa (alpha) subunit and one of several 28 kDa (beta) subunits. (rndsystems.com)

We demonstrate that specific T lymphocyte interaction with peptide-presenting APCs led to apoptosis in the APC population. (ox.ac.uk)
In contrast, T lymphocyte interaction with nonpeptide-loaded APCs or APCs loaded with monosubstituted peptide failed to induce T lymphocyte secretion of interleukin-2 and APC apoptosis. (ox.ac.uk)
Antigen presentation leading to T lymphocyte activation is therefore coordinated with apoptosis in the APC population and could provide a mechanism of immune response regulation by eliminating APCs, which have fulfilled their role as specific ligands for T lymphocyte activation. (ox.ac.uk)

However, we show here that the inefficiency with which T134K presents intracellular antigen is associated with its inability to interact with the TAP heterodimer. (ox.ac.uk)

In contrast, little is known about the consequences of antigen presentation for the antigen-presenting cell (APC). (ox.ac.uk)
We have determined the outcome of major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted peptide presentation to a specific T cell. (ox.ac.uk)
However, the tumor microenvironment (TME) imposes different mechanisms that facilitate the impairment of DC functions, such as inefficient antigen presentation or polarization into immunosuppressive DCs. (mdpi.com)
CONCLUSIONS:These experiments establish that the class I-TAP interaction is obligatory for the presentation of peptide epitopes delivered to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by TAP. (ox.ac.uk)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is strongly associated with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1 locus that possesses the shared susceptibility epitope (SE) and the citrullination of self-antigens. (rcsb.org)
Currently available HLA-II prediction servers offer only a limited prediction accuracy and the development of improved predictors is needed for large-scale studies, such as proteome-wide epitope mapping. (biomedcentral.com)

Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ alpha 1, also known as HLA-DQA1, is a human gene present on short arm of chromosome 6 (6p21.3) and also denotes the genetic locus which contains this gene. (wikipedia.org)
The interactions of genetic susceptibility, immunity, and environmental factors are important in the pathogenesis of CD. (hindawi.com)
Tomer Y., Barbesino G., Greenberg D.A., Concepcion E., Davies T.F. Mapping the major susceptibility loci for familial Graves' and Hashimoto's diseases: Evidence for genetic heterogeneity and gene interactions. (rusmedserv.com)
Our findings may help to explain the link between MHC class I responses that are involved in major autoimmune diseases and the well-established genetic linkage of these diseases with MHC class II. (umass.edu)
Although genetic variation within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is associated with SLE, its role in the development of clinical manifestations and autoantibody production is not well defined. (cdc.gov)

CD4 + TIL demonstrated an effector T cell response with cytotoxicity toward autologous tumor in a major histocompatibility complex class II-dependent manner. (bmj.com)

We found that mice with an MHC class II-peptide repertoire reduced to a single complex demonstrated various autoimmune reactions. (umass.edu)
Furthermore, mice with a limited MHC-peptide repertoire selected elevated numbers of TCRs with dual MHC class I/MHC class II restriction, a likely source of autoreactivity. (umass.edu)
Inhibition of contact sensitivity to 2,4-dinitroAu o rb e n zene (DNFB) has b een desc1·ibed in only one investigation u sin g C57BL/6 mice utilizing SEA as a superantigen [24] , but no ana lys is ofVf3 T-cell populations was included in tlus study. (archive.org)

Whereas binding was undetectable in solution, the affinity of the CD4/pMHC II. (lu.se)
Calculations indicated, however, that CD4/pMHC II binding would increase rates of T-cell receptor (TCR) complex phosphorylation by threefold via the recruitment of Lck, with only a small, 2-20% increase in the effective affinity of the TCR for pMHC II. (lu.se)
The affinity of CD4/pMHC II therefore seems to be set at a value that increases T-cell sensitivity by enhancing phosphorylation, without compromising ligand discrimination. (lu.se)

The classic example observed in poststreptococcal GN involves an antigen-antibody reaction, which may occur in the circulation or in the glomerulus. (medscape.com)
The major antibody class found in the blood, IgG, has a remarkable persistence, with a serum half-life of 20-23 days, compared with only hours or a few days for other circulating proteins 5 . (nature.com)

CD3 is a complex of proteins (gamma, delta, and two epsilon chains) that directly associates with the T-cell receptor (TCR) to regulate T-cell activation. (ptglab.com)
Rapoport B., Chazenbalk D., Jaume J.C., McLachlan S.M. The thyrotropin (TSH) receptor: Interaction with TSH and autoantibodies. (rusmedserv.com)
Chazenbalk G.D., McLachlan S.M., Pichurin P., Yan X-M., Rapoport B. A prion-like shift between two conformational forms of a recombinant thyrotropin receptor receptor A-subunit module: Purification and stabilization using chemical chaperones of the form reactive with Graves' autoantibodies. (rusmedserv.com)
Presently, dual-immune checkpoint inhibition with anti-programmed death receptor-1/programmed cell death receptor- ligand-1 (anti-PD-1/PD-L1) plus anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (anti-CTLA-4) monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) is being evaluated for a wide range of tumor histologies. (biomedcentral.com)
In both cases, the long half-life is due to their molecular size above the renal clearance threshold and their interaction with a membrane-bound receptor named the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). (nature.com)

The classical case definition for STSS is similar to staphylococcal toxic shock, caused by Staphylococcus aureus, but the outcome is more serious in STSS, with a reported death rate of 30% to 70% ( 2 , 5 , 6 ). (cdc.gov)
Key words: cor1tact settsitivity!Sitperatttigert!staphylococcal et~terotoxirt B/2,4-dittitro.fluorbenzet~e. (archive.org)

DQ1 is a serotype, rare among serotypes for human class II antigens, in that the antibodies to DQ1 react to the alpha chain of HLA DQ, these DQA1 allele gene products. (wikipedia.org)
Some human inherited diseases or cancers may be the consequences of the interactions of damaged PTMs, rather than the result of single damaged PTM site. (hindawi.com)
Linkage disequilibrium between the human leukocyte antigen class II region of the major histocompatibility complex and Graves' disease: Replication using a population case control and family-based study. (rusmedserv.com)
The HLA complex is the human version of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), a gene family that occurs in many species. (medlineplus.gov)
This animal model provides a powerful in vivo tool to dissect the human CD4-human class II MHC interaction, especially its role in human autoimmune diseases, superantigen-mediated diseases, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). (elsevierpure.com)
An adult human produces approximately 2-3 grams of Ig every day. (medscape.com)
We conducted a meta-analysis of four independent European SLE case collections for associations between SLE sub-phenotypes and MHC single-nucleotide polymorphism genotypes, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and variant HLA amino acids. (cdc.gov)
13 Our study substantially expands this work by not only analysing imputed classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles, but also examining variant HLA amino-acid positions in conjunction with single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes across the extended MHC region (chromosome 6: 26-34 Mb). (cdc.gov)

The interaction results in massive T-cell activation and a subsequent cytokine burst. (medscape.com)
Fas/Fas ligand interactions were not required, but cytoskeletal integrity and caspase activation were essential for APC apoptosis. (ox.ac.uk)
This interaction can .l ead to activation, cytokine production, and proliferation or to anergy and deletion of the responsive Vf3 T-cell subsets [9-1.7]. (archive.org)

On this basis, it was established that DRα makes significant contributions to peptide binding and that its α 2 domain is also important in T-cell recognition, possibly through CD4 binding. (portlandpress.com)

Macrophage-lymphocyte interactions in immune induction. (ox.ac.uk)
There is also a need for rational combinations beyond interleukin (IL)-2 and programmed death (PD)-1/ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA)-4 immune checkpoint blockade and to combat exhaustion and restore costimulatory functions, e.g., with gene-engineered or pharmacologic agent-treated TILs. (biomedcentral.com)

Anti-3M-1 mAbs (alpha 3M-1-Ab) were used to positively select for 3M-1-secreting tubular epithelium and, after stabilization in culture, this new cell line (MCT) was examined for the production of several moieties important to either immune interactions or to the development of extracellular matrix. (rupress.org)

Most patients with primary Sjogren syndrome have two specific antibodies: against Ro (SS-A) and La (SSB) antigens. (medscape.com)

Characterization of a renal tubular epithelial cell line which secretes the autologous target antigen of autoimmune experimental interstitial nephritis. (rupress.org)

The multi‑dimensional nature of their roles in cellular homeostasis, cell‑to‑cell and tissue‑to‑tissue communication at the level of the organism, as well as their actions on the holobiome (intra‑/interspecies interaction), have garnered the interest of a large number of researchers. (spandidos-publications.com)
The body's immune system can react adaptively against the antigen via 2 pathways: cellular or humoral. (medscape.com)
Epitopes are a component of the antigen that are recognized by the immune system and determine whether the cellular or the humoral arm of the immune system shall be activated against that particular antigen. (medscape.com)

Characterization of HKE2: an ancient antigen encoded in the major histocompatibility complex. (genscript.com)

It was established that MM14.4+ is a highly promiscuous TCR with dual MHC class I/MHC class II restriction. (umass.edu)

This value is two to three orders of magnitude higher than previously measured 2D K d values for interacting leukocyte surface proteins. (lu.se)

This interaction is central to antigen specificity in the adaptive immune response. (rndsystems.com)

Regulation of the immune response involves the suppression of type 2 THCs (involved in humoral immunity) by interferon gamma and the production of IL-10 by type 2 THCs, which inhibits type 1 THCs. (medscape.com)

Anatomy32

Organisms14

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs110

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment35

Phenomena and Processes54

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science3

Named Groups1

Health Care2

Molecules49

Peptides10

Molecule9

Dendritic cells2

Receptors4

Primarily on antigen prese1

Cells35

Protein14

Lymphocytes4

Present peptide antigens1

Genes6

Immunoglobulin4

Bind4

Transmembrane2

APCs3

Intracellular antigen1

Presentation4

Epitope2

Genetic5

Major histocompatib1

Mice3

Affinity3

Antibody2

Receptor5

Staphylococcal2

Human8

Activation3

Recognition1

Lymphocyte2

Extracellular1

Antibodies1

Autologous1

Cellular3

Characterization1

Restriction1

Surface1

Adaptive1

Involves1