EukaryoticPolymerasesFork progressionInitiationForksProcessesRecombinationChromosomesProteinsChromosomePolymeraseHelicaseDeoxyribonucleic AcidGenomic integrityNucleotidesMechanismsRepairEnzymesLesionsOriginsOccursMoleculeMachineryCellularDamageGenome-wideInstabilitySingle-strandedReplicativeSynthesisTelomeresGeneticProteinMutationsStabilityVitroGenesTranscriptionAccumulationLiving organismsCHK1NucleosomeHelicasesDouble-strandedBiologicalEssential
Eukaryotic6
- The origin recognition complex (ORC) is essential for initiation of eukaryotic chromosome replication as it loads the replicative helicase-the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) complex-at replication origins 1 . (nature.com)
- Berbenetz, N. M., Nislow, C. & Brown, G. W. Diversity of eukaryotic DNA replication origins revealed by genome-wide analysis of chromatin structure. (nature.com)
- Organisms within the archaeal domain of life possess a simplified version of the eukaryotic DNA replication machinery. (pasteur.fr)
- DNA replication occurs once and only once per cell cycle mainly regulated by DNA replication initiation factors in eukaryotic cells. (intechopen.com)
- Originrecognitioncomplex(ORC) Actsasthe initiator of eukaryotic DNA replication. (slideshare.net)
- EXO1 codes for a Rad2p family member nuclease that has been implicated in a multitude of eukaryotic DNA metabolic pathways that include DNA repair, recombination, replication, and telomere integrity. (yeastgenome.org)
Polymerases13
- DNA polymerases isolated from cells and artificial DNA primers can be used to start DNA synthesis at known sequences in a template DNA molecule. (wikipedia.org)
- DNA polymerases are a family of enzymes that carry out all forms of DNA replication. (wikipedia.org)
- DNA polymerases in general cannot initiate synthesis of new strands but can only extend an existing DNA or RNA strand paired with a template strand. (wikipedia.org)
- Replicative DNA polymerases have evolved the ability to copy the genome with high processivity and fidelity. (pasteur.fr)
- DNA polymerases (DNAPs) are the key enzymes of DNA replication and diverse DNA repair processes. (pasteur.fr)
- Similar to other replicative DNA polymerases, the activity of PolD is strongly stimulated through its interaction with PCNA. (pasteur.fr)
- DNA polymerases are enzymes that catalyze the synthesis DNA.There are at least fifteen different DNA polymerases known in eukaryotes. (tocris.com)
- DNA polymerases are unidirectional and can only elongate DNA chains in a 5' to 3' direction. (tocris.com)
- DNA polymerases I, II and III have 3' to 5' exonuclease activity and they can remove incorrectly newly incorporated nucleotides. (tocris.com)
- For the future, a more detailed understanding of the paths of the leading and lagging DNA strands running through the CMG helicase complex towards the DNA polymerases is needed. (biomedcentral.com)
- In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , DNA polymerase ε (Pol ε) synthesizes primarily the leading strand, while DNA polymerase δ (Pol δ) synthesizes primarily the lagging strand and the genes encoding the catalytic subunits of these two polymerases are essential for life. (biomedcentral.com)
- FAP may be associated with mutations in the APC gene, but mutations in several other genes, particularly mismatch DNA repair genes, which are primarily responsible for ensuring integrity of polymerases responsible for DNA replication, may also result in familial colonic polyposis. (medscape.com)
- RNA polymerases read the codes from specific areas of the DNA and transcribe the information into a mRNA copy of the DNA. (cdc.gov)
Fork progression3
- RNA:DNA hybrids such as R-loops affect genome integrity and DNA replication fork progression. (biorxiv.org)
- Investigating the mechanism of synthetic lethality, we reveal that CHK1 inhibition in IGF-1R depleted or inhibited cells further downregulated RRM2, reduced dNTP supply and profoundly delayed replication fork progression. (nature.com)
- DNA replication and DSB repair each occur in the context of chromatin, which must be reorganized for all transactions on DNA, including replication fork progression, DSB detection, and recruitment of DNA repair factors. (hhs.gov)
Initiation5
- A number of proteins are associated with the replication fork to help in the initiation and continuation of DNA synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
- They infered that the C-terminal PIP-box, plays a dual role in binding either PCNA or primase, and could be a master switch between an initiation phase and a processive phase during replication. (pasteur.fr)
- In this chapter, we mainly discuss the coordination regulations between DNA replication initiation and other cell cycle events that ensure genomic integrity. (intechopen.com)
- The pre-replication complex (pre-RC) assembly or the DNA replication licensing is the first step in DNA replication initiation, characterized by the sequential recruitment of ORCs, Cdc6, Cdt1 and MCMs to the DNA replication origins to form the pre-RC at the end of mitosis ( Bell and Dutta 2002 ). (intechopen.com)
- A global analysis of DNA replication initiation in T. brucei showed that TbORC1 (subunit of the origin recognition complex, ORC) binding sites are located at the boundaries of transcription units. (umass.edu)
Forks4
- Unwinding of DNA at the origin and synthesis of new strands, accommodated by an enzyme known as helicase, results in replication forks growing bi-directionally from the origin. (wikipedia.org)
- Replication forks stall at DNA lesions or as a result of an unfavorable replicative environment. (yeastgenome.org)
- Ku stabilizes replication forks in the absence of Brc1. (thebiogrid.org)
- Katharina Schlacher (Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA), presented elegant single-molecule DNA fiber analysis demonstrating that BRCA2 protects newly synthesized DNA from degradation by the nuclease MRE11 when replication forks are stalled by hydroxyurea. (biomedcentral.com)
Processes12
- DNA is the substrate of many cellular processes including DNA replication, transcription and chromatin remodeling. (umass.edu)
- These processes are coordinated to maintain genome integrity and ensure accurate duplication of genetic and epigenetic information. (umass.edu)
- Further studies are needed to determine how these processes are linked and co-regulated, and how rapidly they are initiated during DNA replication. (umass.edu)
- Defects in the processes that maintain the integrity of our genome contribute to cancer, birth defects, and other disorders. (usc.edu)
- We examine the impact that processes such as transcription and replication have on genome stability. (birmingham.ac.uk)
- Beyond being essential to cellular replication processes, toxins and free radicals are always knocking these methyl groups off of our molecules , degrading and damaging us. (healthy-living.org)
- This step forward has created the world's largest research integrity dataset by applying the processes to over 33 million publications since 2011, resulting in over 200 million trust marker data points which allow researchers to look at the development over time of the portfolios of research organizations, publishers and funders. (scienmag.com)
- A clear trend of this exciting meeting was a further shift from 'ovals and arrows' models to a more mechanistic understanding of the processes underlying DNA replication and recombination. (biomedcentral.com)
- PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Biological processes on nuclear DNA occur in the context of chromatin. (hhs.gov)
- These processes are mediated by chromatin remodelers - ATP-dependent protein complexes that can reposition nucleosomes on DNA, evict nucleosomes from DNA, or exchange histone subunits, thus controlling the accessibility, flexibility, and mobility of chromatin. (hhs.gov)
- Studies in yeast and animals indicate that ASF1 proteins play important roles in various chromatin-based processes, including gene transcription, DNA replication and repair. (nih.gov)
- The BLM protein helps to prevent excess sister chromatid exchanges and is also involved in other processes that help maintain the stability of the DNA during the copying process. (medlineplus.gov)
Recombination9
- Rad51 functions during the high fidelity homologous recombination pathway to find and invade a homologous template for repair and also during replication fork protection and restart. (nih.gov)
- During DNA replication, recombination and DNA repair, double-stranded DNA frequently forms three- or four-way junctions, bubbles, flaps or broken ends with single-stranded extensions. (uu.nl)
- A report of the Keystone Symposium 'DNA Replication and Recombination' held in Keystone, USA, 27 February to 4 March 2011. (biomedcentral.com)
- The triennial Keystone Symposium on 'DNA Replication and Recombination' brought together researchers working on various aspects of genome duplication, recombination and repair. (biomedcentral.com)
- Several of the presentations revealed an intimate link between DNA replication and DNA recombination, bringing these two fields closer together than ever. (biomedcentral.com)
- Botchan's work further indicates that Cdc45 has a structure similar to the bacterial recombination protein RecJ, linking replication and recombination. (biomedcentral.com)
- Thus, BRCA2 maintains genomic integrity both through homologous recombination and by the protection of nascent strands during DNA replication. (biomedcentral.com)
- 2020), in which we find dissociable roles for Ino80 in YY1-associated transcriptional regulation and homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair in cortical NPCs. (hhs.gov)
- Furthermore, the Atasf1ab-triggered replication fork stalling constitutively activates the DNA damage checkpoint and repair genes, including ATM, ATR, PARP1 and PARP2 as well as several genes of the homologous recombination (HR) pathway but not genes of the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway. (nih.gov)
Chromosomes3
- Telomeres and DNA Replication Telomeres: Theendsof eukaryoticchromosomes (chromosomes arelinear) Neededfor chromosomal integrity andstability. (slideshare.net)
- When a cell prepares to divide to form two cells, the DNA that makes up the chromosomes is copied so that each new cell will have two copies of each chromosome, one from each parent. (medlineplus.gov)
- Exchange of DNA between chromosomes derived from the individual's mother and father are also increased in people with BLM gene mutations. (medlineplus.gov)
Proteins8
- Recent breakthroughs have uncovered more and more DNA replication licensing machinery proteins (ORC, Cdc6, Cdt1, geminin, etc.) functioning in other cell cycle events, including centrosome replication, mitotic events, transcription and so on. (intechopen.com)
- We performed MS label-free quantification to determine which proteins are enriched in an active replication fork in T. brucei (Chapter 3). (umass.edu)
- We identified 410 proteins, including key DNA replication factors and proteins associated with transcription, chromatin organization, DNA repair and mRNA splicing. (umass.edu)
- Around 25% of the proteins identified were of unknown function that might have the potential to be essential trypanosome-specific replication proteins. (umass.edu)
- and the contribution of chromatin-modifying proteins to replication and repair. (usc.edu)
- We have previously determined the structure of various domains within this family and characterized how these proteins heterodimerize, how they bind to DNA but the catalytic reaction remains elusive and what determines the preferential heterodimer formation is also not known. (uu.nl)
- These studies elucidate the structure-function relationship of these DNA repair proteins. (uu.nl)
- Cells depend on their DNA for coding information to make various classes of proteins that include enzymes, certain hormones, transport proteins, and structural proteins that support life. (cdc.gov)
Chromosome4
- Our results establish that ORC, in addition to its canonical role as the MCM loader, has a second crucial function as a master regulator of nucleosome organization at the replication origin, a crucial prerequisite for efficient chromosome replication. (nature.com)
- My laboratory's long-term research interest is to elucidate cellular mechanisms that govern chromosome inheritance and integrity, with a combination of cell biological, biochemical, and biophysical methods. (packard.org)
- In particular, our research program aims to understand the execution, interplay, and coordination of DNA replication and repair, sister-chromatid cohesion, and chromosome segregation during the cell cycle. (packard.org)
- Uneven distribution of sister chromatids in mitosis or failure to repair DNA breaks results in aneuploidy or chromosome translocations, which are two prevalent forms of genomic instability in cancer cells. (packard.org)
Polymerase6
- Most prominently, DNA polymerase synthesizes the new strands by adding nucleotides that complement each (template) strand. (wikipedia.org)
- Directionality has consequences in DNA synthesis, because DNA polymerase can synthesize DNA in only one direction by adding nucleotides to the 3′ end of a DNA strand. (wikipedia.org)
- By using an integrative approach which combines cryo-electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography, the Unit of Structural Dynamics of Macromolecules deciphered the recruitment and cooperativity mechanisms between DNA polymerase D and PCNA. (pasteur.fr)
- PolD is an archaeal replicative DNA polymerase, which is widely distributed among Archaea and has been shown to be essential for cell viability. (pasteur.fr)
- Tocris offers the following scientific literature for DNA Polymerase to showcase our products. (tocris.com)
- DNA Polymerase III Mainenzymeinvolvedinreplication DIMER. (slideshare.net)
Helicase5
- Predicted to contribute to single-stranded DNA helicase activity. (nih.gov)
- The MCM2-7 protein complex is the precursor of the replicative helicase that unwinds DNA in front of the active replication complex. (biomedcentral.com)
- During the G1 phase of the cell cycle, the helicase is loaded in an inactive form onto DNA. (biomedcentral.com)
- This activation requires the assembly of a large number of replication factors, culminating in the formation of the Cdc45-GINS-MCM2-7 (CMG) complex, which has strong helicase activity in vitro . (biomedcentral.com)
- Thus, the two labs agree that the model in which the double-stranded DNA passes through the central channel of the helicase and becomes separated by a 'plough share' is not feasible. (biomedcentral.com)
Deoxyribonucleic Acid1
Genomic integrity1
- Since this genomic integrity is so fundamental to survival, scientists had assumed that replication mechanisms operate the same way in. (yale.edu)
Nucleotides4
- Each single strand of DNA is a chain of four types of nucleotides. (wikipedia.org)
- Nucleotides in DNA contain a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate, and a nucleobase. (wikipedia.org)
- These nucleotides form phosphodiester bonds, creating the phosphate-deoxyribose backbone of the DNA double helix with the nucleobases pointing inward (i.e., toward the opposing strand). (wikipedia.org)
- MSH2 is involved in the initial recognition of mismatched nucleotides during the replication mismatch repair process. (bdbiosciences.com)
Mechanisms4
- Cellular proofreading and error-checking mechanisms ensure near perfect fidelity for DNA replication. (wikipedia.org)
- If DNA is alkylated during replication, then the replication fork can stall or collapse, and many repair mechanisms can be utilized to tolerate, bypass, or repair the damaged DNA. (nih.gov)
- Although recent studies in T. brucei indicate functional links among DNA replication and transcription, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. (umass.edu)
- Our research is defining the normal mechanisms of DNA replication and repair, with the aim of understanding how it is deregulated in cancer cells. (birmingham.ac.uk)
Repair23
- This is essential for cell division during growth and repair of damaged tissues, while it also ensures that each of the new cells receives its own copy of the DNA. (wikipedia.org)
- We discovered that the budding yeast Shu complex is a conserved regulator of DNA repair through a central role in Rad51 regulation. (nih.gov)
- The proper copying and repair of DNA to maintain the correct sequence and structure of genomes is critical to the proper function of cells, and repair and replication is frequently disrupted in cancers and targeted by cancer treatments. (birmingham.ac.uk)
- In addition, in some patients with a personal or family history of breast and ovarian cancer, the protective role of BRCA1 in DNA-copying is disabled - while its break repair function is still active. (birmingham.ac.uk)
- These enzymes have roles in DNA repair, as well as DNA replication. (tocris.com)
- Creatine is also essential for DNA replication and repair, thus supporting cellular integrity and reducing the likelihood of DNA damage. (eatdrinkbetter.com)
- S. cerevisiae is a model organism commonly used in molecular biology to study basic cellular phenomena such as the regulation of gene expression , DNA replication or, as in the present case, DNA repair. (news-medical.net)
- 2007) A mutation in EXO1 defines separable roles in DNA mismatch repair and post-replication repair. (yeastgenome.org)
- An important lesion bypass mechanism is the highly conserved post-replication repair (PRR) pathway that is composed of error-prone translesion and error-free bypass branches. (yeastgenome.org)
- In this report, we show EXO1 functions in the MMS2 error-free branch of the PRR pathway independent of the role of EXO1 in DNA mismatch repair (MMR). (yeastgenome.org)
- Recently we have implemented an in vitro assay that functionally resembles the DNA repair reaction and assays to study protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. (uu.nl)
- The repair of mismatched DNA is essential to maintaining the integrity of genetic information over time. (bdbiosciences.com)
- Loss of function of DNA repair enzymes can lead to an accumulation of replication errors, resulting in a mutated phenotype. (bdbiosciences.com)
- DNA repair enzymes are highly conserved from bacteria to yeast to mammals. (bdbiosciences.com)
- It is thought that after MSH2 binds to a mismatched DNA duplex, it is joined by a heterodimer of MLH1 and PMS1 which together help facilitate the later steps in mismatch repair. (bdbiosciences.com)
- Fun30 is the prototype of the Fun30-SMARCAD1-ETL subfamily of nucleosome remodelers involved in DNA repair and gene silencing. (dlr.de)
- Deletion of the SAM-key within budding yeast Fun30 leads to a defect in DNA repair and gene silencing similar to that of the fun30Δ mutant. (dlr.de)
- The precise regulation of transcription, DNA replication, and DNA damage repair requires dynamic control of histone mobility orchestrated by chromatin regulation. (hhs.gov)
- Notably, impaired DNA repair is the driver of neuroanatomical phenotypes following Ino80 deletion, thus demonstrating that this underexplored role of chromatin can effect neurodevelopmental consequences. (hhs.gov)
- Importantly, Ino80's DNA repair function is not unique among chromatin remodelers. (hhs.gov)
- In this application, we seek to investigate a potentially wider role of chromatin remodeling in DNA damage and repair in NPCs. (hhs.gov)
- In spite of the activation of repair genes, an increased level of DNA damage was detected in Atasf1ab, suggesting that defects in the mutant largely exceed the available capacity of the repair machinery. (nih.gov)
- Without the BLM protein, the cell is less able to repair DNA damage caused by ultraviolet light, which results in increased sun sensitivity. (medlineplus.gov)
Enzymes1
- The reactive organosulfur compounds form disulfide bonds with free sulfhydryl groups of enzymes and compromise the integrity of the bacterial membrane. (frontiersin.org)
Lesions2
- First, given evidence that IGFs regulate the response to IR, we also found evidence that IGF-1R depletion induced endogenous DNA lesions marked by γH2AX foci in prostate cancer cells [ 10 ]. (nature.com)
- This versatile pathway is able to detect and remove a variety of bulky DNA lesions induced by UV light and environmental carcinogens and thereby maintains genome integrity. (uu.nl)
Origins6
- In a cell, DNA replication begins at specific locations, or origins of replication, in the genome which contains the genetic material of an organism. (wikipedia.org)
- Here, using genome-scale biochemical reconstitution with approximately 300 replication origins, we screened 17 purified chromatin factors from budding yeast and found that the ORC established nucleosome depletion over replication origins and flanking nucleosome arrays by orchestrating the chromatin remodellers INO80, ISW1a, ISW2 and Chd1. (nature.com)
- Fig. 1: ORC is a master regulator of nucleosome organization at origins of replication. (nature.com)
- Localization and sequence analysis of yeast origins of DNA replication. (nature.com)
- Nieduszynski, C. A., Knox, Y. & Donaldson, A. D. Genome-wide identification of replication origins in yeast by comparative genomics. (nature.com)
- The precise regulations of pre-RC protein levels and assembly are effective ways to prevent reassembly of de novo MCM2-7 onto the replicated origins to re-license and re-replicate the genomic DNA in the subsequent phases of the same cell cycle ( Figure 1) . (intechopen.com)
Occurs4
- DNA replication occurs in all living organisms acting as the most essential part of biological inheritance. (wikipedia.org)
- DNA replication occurs during the S-stage of interphase. (wikipedia.org)
- Methylation is absolutely essential during the copying of one DNA strand into another which occurs during cellular replication. (healthy-living.org)
- DNA damage occurs by indirect action (mediated through radiolytic products in water) or direct ionization. (cdc.gov)
Molecule6
- In molecular biology, DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule. (wikipedia.org)
- Each strand of the original DNA molecule then serves as a template for the production of its counterpart, a process referred to as semiconservative replication. (wikipedia.org)
- When toxins and free radicals knock methyl groups off a molecule, amino acid or DNA strand, methlyation adds the methyl group back. (healthy-living.org)
- making the molecule or DNA strand perfect, again. (healthy-living.org)
- This shift has been made possible in part by a growing number of solved protein structures, often in complex with DNA, and elegant single-molecule approaches. (biomedcentral.com)
- of the DNA molecule. (medlineplus.gov)
Machinery3
- disorders of the DNA replication machinery. (nih.gov)
- The DNA within the nuclei of our cells carries the information to generate the machinery of the cell, the cell itself, our tissues and then the whole human. (birmingham.ac.uk)
- Results showed BRCA1 changes shape in order to protect vulnerable DNA until the copying machinery can be restarted. (birmingham.ac.uk)
Cellular2
- We found that disruption of the yeast Shu complex leads to cellular death specifically upon exposure to alkylation induced DNA damage. (nih.gov)
- One thing Methylation does is to ensure correct DNA replication during apoptosis and cellular renewal . (healthy-living.org)
Damage6
- MCM8- and MCM9 Deficiencies Cause Lifelong Increased Hematopoietic DNA Damage Driving p53-Dependent Myeloid Tumors. (nih.gov)
- 7. Project Summary Misrepair of DNA damage is a hallmark of cancer. (nih.gov)
- DNA alkylation leads to replication stress and DNA damage. (nih.gov)
- In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the DNA damage response protein Brc1 binds phospho-histone H2A (γH2A)-marked chromatin during S-phase, but how Brc1 protects genome integrity remains unclear. (thebiogrid.org)
- Researchers suggest that these exchanges may be a response to DNA damage during the copying process. (medlineplus.gov)
- A number of direct and indirect radiation interaction pathways can produce damage to the DNA of irradiated cells. (cdc.gov)
Genome-wide2
- Genome-wide studies have provided evidence of the relationship between transcription and DNA replication timing. (umass.edu)
- Here, we investigate the contributions of RNases HII (RnhB) and HIII (RnhC) to hybrid removal, DNA replication, and mutagenesis genome-wide. (biorxiv.org)
Instability2
- The Forsburg lab uses a mixture of classical genetics, molecular biology, and state-of-the-art microscopy to investigate how defects in replication contribute to genome instability during normal cell growth and during the differentiation process of meiosis. (usc.edu)
- DNA replication errors are a major source of genome instability in all organisms. (thebiogrid.org)
Single-stranded4
- and single-stranded DNA binding activity. (nih.gov)
- These effects resulted in significant accumulation of unreplicated single-stranded DNA and increased cell death, indicative of replication catastrophe. (nature.com)
- Cdc45 might be able to bind single-stranded DNA, which suggests that the lagging strand is channeled through Cdc45, whereas the leading strand passes through the center of the MCM ring. (biomedcentral.com)
- Stephen Kowalczykowski (University of California, Davis, USA) described for the first time the purification of this impressive 3,418-amino-acid protein and reported that it binds RAD51 (the human homolog of bacterial RecA) and promotes RAD51 assembly onto single-stranded DNA. (biomedcentral.com)
Replicative1
- Genomic DNA replication is carried out by so-called replicative DNAPs, which have evolved to copy the genome with high processivity and fidelity. (pasteur.fr)
Synthesis1
- In eukaryotes and archaea, PCNA stimulates processive DNA synthesis of both lagging and leading strands. (pasteur.fr)
Telomeres1
- Without the protection of methylation we would lose telomeres and DNA integrity at each replication and quickly degrade and die (in just a few years). (healthy-living.org)
Genetic6
- It ensures the integrity of the genome and the accurate transfer of genetic information. (pasteur.fr)
- DNA, which forms the genetic material of our cells, is continuously under stress challenging its integrity. (news-medical.net)
- In cell division, nothing is as important as the precise replication of billions of genetic letters that make up DNA. (yale.edu)
- We recently reported that genetic or pharmacological inhibition of insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) slows DNA replication and induces replication stress by downregulating the regulatory subunit RRM2 of ribonucleotide reductase, perturbing deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) supply. (nature.com)
- 2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)
- Direct and indirect ionization of DNA is ultimately responsible for the DNA alterations that adversely affect the structural and genetic integrity of the system. (cdc.gov)
Protein5
- In their work, the Unit of Structural Dynamics of Macromolecules presented the structure of the DNA-bound PolD-PCNA complex from P. abyssi at 3.77 Å using an integrative structural biology approach, combining cryo-EM, X-ray crystallography, protein-protein interaction measurements and activity assays. (pasteur.fr)
- This click chemistry reaction yields a stable covalent linkage, facilitating streptavidin capture of cross-linked biotinylated DNA-protein complexes. (umass.edu)
- These are a protein annotated as a Replication Factor C subunit (Tb927.10.7990), and a protein of unknown function (Tb927.3.5370). (umass.edu)
- Here we report that the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) protein Ku becomes critical for survival of replication stress in brc1∆ cells. (thebiogrid.org)
- In vitro, Fun30 protein lacking the SAM-key is able to bind nucleosomes but is deficient in DNA-stimulated ATPase activity and nucleosome sliding and eviction. (dlr.de)
Mutations4
- These mutations impaired replication through chromatin in vitro and were lethal in vivo. (nature.com)
- Fig. 3: Effects of Orc1 mutations on cell viability, complex formation, origin DNA binding and MCM loading. (nature.com)
- Fig. 4: Chromatin defects due to Orc1 mutations correlate with replication defects. (nature.com)
- We are investigating the impact of specific classes of gene mutations, such as ATM, BRCA1, and MYBL2 on genome integrity. (birmingham.ac.uk)
Stability2
- Forsburg takes a holistic approach to studying how DNA replication stress contributes to genome stability. (usc.edu)
- These irregular structures must be corrected to maintain genome stability, integrity and fidelity. (uu.nl)
Vitro1
- DNA replication (DNA amplification) can also be performed in vitro (artificially, outside a cell). (wikipedia.org)
Genes2
- The way the DNA is structured, wrapped and read is fundamental to how and when the blueprint genes are read. (birmingham.ac.uk)
- Taken together, our study establishes crucial roles for the AtASF1A and AtASF1B genes in chromatin replication, maintenance of genome integrity and cell proliferation during plant development. (nih.gov)
Transcription1
Accumulation1
- Deletion of either rnhB or rnhC triggers RNA:DNA hybrid accumulation, but with distinct patterns of mutagenesis and hybrid accumulation. (biorxiv.org)
Living organisms1
- DNA replication is one of the most important functions in living organisms and viruses. (pasteur.fr)
CHK11
- Exogenous RRM2 expression rescued hallmarks of replication stress induced by co-inhibiting IGF with CHK1 or WEE1, identifying RRM2 as a critical target of the functional IGF:CHK1 and IGF:WEE1 interactions. (nature.com)
Nucleosome2
- However, how this nucleosome organization is established and whether this organization is required for replication remain unknown. (nature.com)
- Mutation of the interaction interface phenocopies the domain deletion with a lack of DNA-stimulated ATPase activation and a nucleosome-remodeling defect, thereby confirming a role of the SAM-key helix in regulating ATPase activity. (dlr.de)
Helicases1
- Because RecQ helicases help maintain the structure and integrity of DNA, they are known as the "caretakers of the genome. (medlineplus.gov)
Double-stranded2
- The double helix describes the appearance of a double-stranded DNA which is thus composed of two linear strands that run opposite to each other and twist together to form. (wikipedia.org)
- DNA exists as a double-stranded structure, with both strands coiled together to form the characteristic double helix. (wikipedia.org)
Biological1
Essential3
- The cell possesses the distinctive property of division, which makes replication of DNA essential. (wikipedia.org)
- Tb927.10.7990 proved to be essential since its silencing caused a growth defect and impaired DNA replication. (umass.edu)
- In particular, ubiquitin-mediated degradation is critically important at transition points where it provides directionality and irreversibility to the cell cycle, which is essential for maintaining genome integrity. (intechopen.com)