HemorrhageMyocardial infarctionInjuriesIntracranial pressureCardiacIschemiaInjuryNeurologicalMorbidity and mortaHemorrhagicComplicationsMortalityTissueAcutePatient'sDeficitsOxygenationStrokeEncephalopathyLesionsShockLiverPatientsArteriesPreventionConsciousnessAdultDysfunctionIncludeDiagnosisConditionsBloodClinicalMagneticStemPatientDirect
Hemorrhage7
- Traumatic hemorrhage, a direct consequence of traumatic injury, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, accounting for 40% of traumatic deaths worldwide and is the leading cause of death in the young. (reliasmedia.com)
- 1 This issue will review the management of traumatic hemorrhage in the emergency department (ED), highlighting prehospital care, recognition of hemorrhagic shock, initial resuscitative measures, massive hemorrhage protocol, reversal agents, and technological advancements in medical and mechanical support for traumatic hemorrhage. (reliasmedia.com)
- This article summarizes the epidemiology and outcomes of AKI in neurocritically ill adults admitted to the ICU, focusing on prevalent ABI conditions like traumatic brain injury (TBI), aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and acute stroke. (beds.ac.uk)
- Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), a subtype of stroke, is a condition wherein a hematoma is formed within the brain parenchyma with or without blood extension into the ventricles. (rnspeak.com)
- Glibenclamide has been shown to improve outcomes in cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury, and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). (thejns.org)
- The causes of disorders of consciousness include traumatic brain injuries, diffuse cerebral ischemia or hypoxia as can follow cardiac arrest, or cerebral infarction or hemorrhage. (medlink.com)
- The most common hemorrhagic stroke happens when a blood vessel inside the brain bursts and leaks blood into surrounding brain tissue (intracerebal hemorrhage). (rudrakshsuperspecialitycare.com)
Myocardial infarction3
- 40-55%) are higher than the mortality rates due to ICU-related myocardial infarction (20%), sepsis without AKI (15-25%), or acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring mechanical ventilation (30-40%) [ 1 ]. (beds.ac.uk)
- My grandfather died of heart disease and my father had an episode of myocardial infarction few days back. (who.int)
- Both American and European cardiological societies ( Circulation 2007, 116:2634-2653 ) are quite clear on this: myocardial infarction is defined by an elevation in cardiac markers, particularly troponin, with suggestive symptoms (i.e. chest pain) or electrocardiographic changes (actually that's just one definition there are others). (mimir.info)
Injuries10
- According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), more than 50,000 individuals die from traumatic brain injuries each year in the United States. (medscape.com)
- Open head injuries involve penetration of the scalp and skull (and usually the meninges and underlying brain tissue). (msdmanuals.com)
- Closed head injuries typically occur when the head is struck, strikes an object, or is shaken violently, causing rapid brain acceleration and deceleration. (msdmanuals.com)
- Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a progressive degenerative brain disorder that may occur after repetitive head trauma or blast injuries. (msdmanuals.com)
- The first human cases of fat embolism syndrome were described by Zenker in 1862 in patients with severe traumatic crush injuries. (e-jyms.org)
- Up-regulated expression of Na-K-Cl Cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) and inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) has been demonstrated to be closely associated with the pathogenesis of cerebral edema resulting from a variety of brain injuries. (biomedcentral.com)
- A variety of injury models have been used to examine the response of the brain such as crush injuries to peripheral nerves, cortical stab wounds, and spinal cord injury (SCI) models. (frontiersin.org)
- A primary survey Primary Survey Thoracic Trauma in Children is the initial evaluation used to identify and manage life-threatening injuries in a trauma patient. (lecturio.com)
- Cardiac tamponade is an uncommon etiology of shock in traumatic injuries, but it can be alleviated with needle aspiration followed by a resuscitative thoracotomy and accounts for the majority of cases in reported thoracotomy survivors. (reliasmedia.com)
- Traumatic brain injury (TBI) prevention programs aim to reduce trauma-related head injuries across the United States. (bvsalud.org)
Intracranial pressure2
- Surgery is often needed in patients with more severe injury to place monitors to track and treat intracranial pressure elevation, decompress the brain if intracranial pressure is increased, or remove intracranial hematomas. (msdmanuals.com)
- RRT can negatively impact cerebral blood flow, intracranial pressure, and brain tissue oxygenation, with effects tied to specific RRT methods. (beds.ac.uk)
Cardiac4
- The most common causes of obstructive shock in trauma are tension pneumothorax/hemothorax and cardiac tamponade. (reliasmedia.com)
- Cardiogenic shock is a rare cause of shock in trauma unless the patient experienced a blunt cardiac injury (BCI), the trauma was precipitated by a heart attack, or the trauma itself caused a stress-induced cardiomyopathy. (reliasmedia.com)
- However, COVID-19 may cause direct damage to the cardiac myocytes via spike protein and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors which can further exacerbate the stressful insult on the patient and lower the threshold for developing TSCM. (bvsalud.org)
- Heart failure commonly begins with an insult to the cardiac tissue such as occurs in an ischemic heart attack where blood flow to the heart muscle itself is blocked or drastically reduced. (ceufast.com)
Ischemia6
- Approximately 3-4 hours after the onset of ischemia, the integrity of the blood-brain barrier becomes compromised, and plasma proteins are able to pass into the extracellular space. (medscape.com)
- This study aimed to investigate whether resuscitation after a hemorrhagic shock (HS) and/or mild cerebral ischemia caused by a unilateral common carotid artery occlusion (UCCAO) can cause brain injury and concomitant neurological dysfunction, and explore the potential mechanisms. (medsci.org)
- OSA is a risk factor for cardiovascular disorders including hypertension, congestive heart failure (CHF), myocardial ischemia, arrhythmias and infarction, and cerebrovascular conditions including stroke [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Recent studies have reported that dexamethasone worsens neuronal injury after brain ischemia. (silverchair.com)
- Brain histopathology was assessed at the time of ischemia-related death or after the examination at 48 h. (silverchair.com)
- In the current study, dexamethasone administration before brain ischemia resulted in a worsening of postischemic outcome that was relate to drug-induced hyperglycemia. (silverchair.com)
Injury19
- In 2018, a commercially available blood test for mild brain injury was approved by the FDA. (medscape.com)
- Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is physical injury to brain tissue that temporarily or permanently impairs brain function. (msdmanuals.com)
- In the first few days after the injury, maintaining adequate brain perfusion and oxygenation and preventing complications of altered sensorium are important. (msdmanuals.com)
- Sports-Related Concussion Sports activities are a common cause of concussion, a form of mild traumatic brain injury. (msdmanuals.com)
- This plasticity of the adult nervous system is particularly important in the context of traumatic brain injury or deafferentation. (frontiersin.org)
- These studies provide insights not only to plasticity in the dentate gyrus, but also to the response of neural circuits to brain injury. (frontiersin.org)
- Reorganization following a brain injury inevitably perturbs the dynamic equilibrium, which can affect many aspects of neuronal structure and function including intrinsic neuronal properties, synaptic interactions, and connectivity within and between networks. (frontiersin.org)
- Here we focus on the perforant path lesion, a brain injury model that interrupts the main excitatory input to the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. (frontiersin.org)
- This classic lesion provided some of the first evidence for structural plasticity following injury in the CNS, and also provides an opportunity to examine the injury response of some of the most highly plastic neurons in the brain, adult-generated newborn granule cells. (frontiersin.org)
- Traumatic injury affects individuals across all ages, races, and socioeconomic backgrounds. (reliasmedia.com)
- When combined with an HS, an UCCAO is associated with ischemic neuronal injury in the ipsilateral hemisphere of adult rat brain, which can be attenuated by therapeutic hypothermia. (medsci.org)
- A resuscitation from an HS regards as a reperfusion insult which may induce neurological injury in patients with an UCCAO disease. (medsci.org)
- The resuscitation after an HS causes a reperfusion or reoxygenation insult [ 2 - 4 ], gut injury, and multiple organ dysfunctions [ 5 , 6 ]. (medsci.org)
- This glossary provides information and definitions of medical terms associated with brain injury and rehabilitation to help you or your family. (brainline.org)
- acquired brain injury - the implication of this term is that the individual experienced normal growth and development from conception through birth, until sustaining an insult to the brain at some later time which resulted in impairment of brain function. (brainline.org)
- Approximately 20% of patients with acute brain injury (ABI) also experience acute kidney injury (AKI), which worsens their outcomes. (beds.ac.uk)
- The metabolic and inflammatory changes associated with AKI likely contribute to prolonged brain injury and edema. (beds.ac.uk)
- In the context of neurocritical care, AKI diagnosis holds significance for acute brain injury (ABI) management. (beds.ac.uk)
- small artery or anterior spinal artery occlusion, "…microthrombi, and altered perfusion due to internal recoil of the spinal architecture following decompression", "… direct trauma from blood flow itself or by the oxygen free radicals…", or "…lipid peroxidation of the neuronal membrane…as a main cause in the secondary injury-induced degenerative cascade. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Neurological1
- Neurological manifestations usually occur 12 to 72 hours after the initial insult. (e-jyms.org)
Morbidity and morta2
- Aggressive hemodynamic and respiratory support from the beginning and consideration of orthopedic surgical intervention within the first 24 hours after trauma are critical to decreased morbidity and mortality. (e-jyms.org)
- Non-traumatic ICH comprises 10-15% of all strokes and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. (rnspeak.com)
Hemorrhagic4
- Post-traumatic heart rate patterns in the setting of hemorrhagic shock typically present as biphasic or triphasic rather than a linear increase as suggested by ATLS. (reliasmedia.com)
- The most common reason for shock in the trauma patient is hemorrhagic shock. (reliasmedia.com)
- Hemorrhagic shock (HS) is regarded as the leading cause of death in trauma patients [ 1 ]. (medsci.org)
- A hemorrhagic stroke is either a brain aneurysm burst or a weakened blood vessel leak. (rudrakshsuperspecialitycare.com)
Complications1
- Resuscitation efforts for trauma-associated hypotension should have a goal of 80 mmHg to 90 mmHg systolic, since levels above that may lead to rebleeding and other complications. (reliasmedia.com)
Mortality2
- Tranexamic acid may decrease mortality from severe trauma but needs to be given within three hours of the acute trauma. (reliasmedia.com)
- This high mortality rate is attributed to the systemic impact of AKI on the brain, heart, lungs, liver, and gastrointestinal tract, linking AKI to various syndromes (Additional file 1 ) [ 2 ]. (beds.ac.uk)
Tissue2
- Blood spills into or around the brain and creates swelling and pressure, damaging cells and tissue in the brain. (rudrakshsuperspecialitycare.com)
- This type of stroke involves bleeding in the area between the brain and the tissue covering the brain, known as the subarachnoid space. (rudrakshsuperspecialitycare.com)
Acute3
- Acute abdominal trauma c. (babelouedstory.com)
- Acute genitourinary trauma b. (babelouedstory.com)
- It is most likely due to the inability of the posterior circulation of the brain to auto-regulate with acute changes in blood pressure resulting in hypoperfusion and disruption of the blood-brain barrier with resultant vasogenic edema without infarction. (bvsalud.org)
Patient's1
- Clinical dementia is a fairly broad-based decline of brain function, and most definitions center on the patient's intellectual decline and memory dysfunction. (medscape.com)
Deficits1
- Caused by damage to brain cells rather than deficits in speech or hearing organs. (brainline.org)
Oxygenation1
- Based on the relative transparency of tissues to this spectra, it has been used to monitor local oxygenation, brain and joints. (lookformedical.com)
Stroke9
- Aim of this project is to characterize the entire imaging spectrum of brain health in stroke and TIA patients in collaboration with Department of Neurology's* large population based study. (uc.edu)
- Stroke happens when the blood supply to part of the brain is cut of. (rudrakshsuperspecialitycare.com)
- When brain cells die during a stroke, abilities controlled by that area of the brain such as memory and muscle control are lost. (rudrakshsuperspecialitycare.com)
- How a person is affected by their stroke depends on where the stroke occurs in the brain and how much the brain is damaged. (rudrakshsuperspecialitycare.com)
- Ischemic stroke occurs when a blood vessel carrying blood to the brain is blocked by a blood clot. (rudrakshsuperspecialitycare.com)
- In an embolic stroke, a blood clot or plaque fragment forms somewhere in the body (usually the heart) and travels to the brain. (rudrakshsuperspecialitycare.com)
- A thrombotic stroke is caused by a blood clot that forms inside one of the arteries supplying blood to the brain. (rudrakshsuperspecialitycare.com)
- When blood flow to part of the brain stops for a short period of time, also called transient ischemic attack (TIA), it can mimic stroke-like symptoms. (rudrakshsuperspecialitycare.com)
- While TIAs generally do not cause permanent brain damage, they are a serious warning sign that a stroke may happen in the future and should not be ignored. (rudrakshsuperspecialitycare.com)
Encephalopathy1
- Encephalopathy represents a brain state in which normal functioning of the brain is disturbed temporarily or permanently. (medscape.com)
Lesions1
- Gross structural brain lesions and serious neurologic residua are not part of concussion, although temporary disability can result from symptoms (such as nausea, headache, dizziness, memory disturbance, and difficulty concentrating [postconcussion syndrome]), which usually resolve within weeks. (msdmanuals.com)
Shock3
- 2 It is the most common cause of shock in the trauma patient. (reliasmedia.com)
- 5 While this represents the overwhelming etiology of hypotension in this patient population, it is important to keep a broad differential for shock in trauma. (reliasmedia.com)
- Alternative etiologies of shock in trauma include obstructive shock, cardiogenic shock, and distributive shock. (reliasmedia.com)
Liver1
- It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain , liver, and thyroid gland. (lookformedical.com)
Patients3
- Some patients acutely recovering from head trauma demonstrate no ability to retain new information. (medscape.com)
- It is used in patients with cognitive dysfunction involving either a general decline of overall brain function or a localized or lateralized deficit. (medscape.com)
- Patients with VS/UWS and MCS have severe brain damage who survive initial periods of coma (usually 1 to 3 weeks), can maintain brainstem functions, do not require mechanical respiratory support, and redevelop sleep-wake cycles, including prolonged periods of eye-opening, but have no (vegetative state) or intermittent but definite clinical evidence of consciousness (MCS). (medlink.com)
Arteries1
- AVM is a genetic condition of abnormal connection between arteries and veins and most often occurs in the brain or spine. (rudrakshsuperspecialitycare.com)
Prevention1
- In these circumstances, the prevention of TBI is an important element in reducing the occurrence of post-traumatic health consequences in all settings and beyond. (bvsalud.org)
Consciousness1
- Symptoms include loss of consciousness, confusion, memory difficulties, and other signs of brain dysfunction. (msdmanuals.com)
Adult4
- The adult brain is in a continuous state of remodeling. (frontiersin.org)
- Early studies revealed that in response to deafferentation, axons of remaining fiber systems and dendrites of mature granule cells undergo lamina-specific changes, providing one of the first examples of structural plasticity in the adult brain. (frontiersin.org)
- The cellular and molecular landscape can impose limits on plasticity and regenerative capacity of the adult brain. (frontiersin.org)
- A parent or other adult in your home ever swore at you, insulted you, or put you down. (iiab.me)
Dysfunction1
- which results in severe brain dysfunction. (msdmanuals.com)
Include1
- These include brain death (1968), the vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (1972), and, later, the minimally conscious state (2002), in addition to the previously recognized state of unarousable-unresponsive-unconsciousness known as coma. (medlink.com)
Diagnosis1
- Neuroimaging using brain magnetic resonance imaging is of paramount importance in establishing a diagnosis. (e-jyms.org)
Conditions2
- For some time, electroencephalography (EEG) has been employed clinically as a measure of brain function in the hope of determining and differentiating certain functional conditions of the brain. (medscape.com)
- However, equally important are enduring negative (maladaptive) effects that are associated with experience-dependent changes including benign habits as well as more disruptive conditions such as anxiety, post-traumatic stress, and drug addiction. (frontiersin.org)
Blood5
- A common four-tier classification system proposed by Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) can be used to estimate the percentage of blood loss and guide initial therapy based on presenting signs and symptoms. (reliasmedia.com)
- When blood flow to the brain is reduced or when oxygen in the blood is too low, brain cells are damaged. (brainline.org)
- Without blood, brain cells can be damaged or die. (rudrakshsuperspecialitycare.com)
- It occurs when blood flow to an area of brain is cut off. (rudrakshsuperspecialitycare.com)
- Once in the brain, the clot travels to a blood vessel small enough to block its passage. (rudrakshsuperspecialitycare.com)
Clinical1
- E - Clavicle fractures are a common birth trauma of no long-term clinical significance. (benwhite.com)
Magnetic1
- Individual 3-D brain magnetic resonance images (MRI) were used for realistic head modeling and for source localization. (neurotransmitter.net)
Stem1
- Arousal is a primitive state of alertness managed by the reticular activating system (extending from medulla to the thalamus in the core of the brain stem) activating the cortex. (brainline.org)
Patient1
- For excellent patient education resources, visit eMedicineHealth's Brain and Nervous System Center. (medscape.com)
Direct1
- This damage can have direct efects depending on where it happens in the brain. (rudrakshsuperspecialitycare.com)