• The brain modulates various aspects of metabolism, such as food intake, energy expenditure, insulin secretion, hepatic glucose production and glucose/fatty acid metabolism in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. (nature.com)
  • They're known to increase insulin secretion, but excessive intake leads to prevention of insulin release. (medicinenet.com)
  • Risk of circadian cortisol secretion and insulin-like growth hormone, the efficacy and 2 dm or isoproterenol. (lorenzopetrantoni.com)
  • An OGTT was performed on participants without diabetes, and peripheral insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index), HOMA-IR, basal insulin clearance, insulin secretion (C-peptide index) and beta cell function (disposition index) were estimated. (lu.se)
  • In contrast, most of the associations between IGFBP2 and insulin dynamics, except for insulin secretion, were mediated by either fat mass index or visceral adipose tissue in men and women. (lu.se)
  • We found that neonatal androgenization induced adult animals displaying higher visceral adiposity mass, body weight and leptinemia than CT rats. (nel.edu)
  • Conclusions/interpretation: We validated 34 proteins that were associated with type 2 diabetes, of which 11 were associated with measures of type 2 diabetes pathophysiology such as peripheral insulin sensitivity and beta cell function. (lu.se)
  • We established that a loss of central leptin action during obesity leads to impaired insulin action, which might explain the striking correlation of obesity and type 2 diabetes. (otago.ac.nz)
  • According to the American Diabetes Association 17 , DM is a disease in which the body does not produce insulin or does not produce it correctly. (bvsalud.org)
  • Physical activity can be a protective factor for NCDs, helping to prevent and treat diseases and functional disability, by reducing body adiposity and blood pressure, improving lipid profile and insulin sensitivity, among other benefits. (bvsalud.org)
  • Bacha F, Saad R, Gungor N, Arslanian SA " Does adiponectin explain the lower insulin sensitivity and hyperinsulinemia of African-American children? . (bcm.edu)
  • An important clue came from Porte's work demonstrating that both basal insulin levels and glucose-stimulated insulin responses are directly proportional to body weight [7]. (ssib.org)
  • Lee S, Bacha F, Gungor N, Arslanian SA " Cardiorespiratory fitness in youth: relationship to insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function. . (bcm.edu)
  • The brain integrates multiple metabolic inputs from the periphery through nutrients, gut-derived satiety signals and adiposity-related hormones. (nature.com)
  • These neurons are the first-order neurons on which peripheral metabolic hormones, including leptin, insulin, ghrelin and nutrients, primarily act. (nature.com)
  • In the context of calorie-restricted diets, adding nuts produces a more lasting and greater magnitude of weight loss among obese subjects while improving insulin sensitivity. (cambridge.org)
  • The exact actions of PPARbeta/delta are still being researched, though in obese animals it appears to decrease adiposity. (bodybuilding.com)
  • We were specifically interested in whether intravenously administered insulin could penetrate the blood-brain barrier and trigger neural reflexes to the pancreas. (ssib.org)
  • Insulin is released by the pancreas in response to carbohydrates consumed in the diet. (wikipedia.org)
  • Among these validated proteins, 11 were associated with various measures of insulin dynamics, with the largest number of proteins being associated with HOMA-IR. (lu.se)
  • At a HOMA-IR cutoff of 2.17, 198 (20.0%) were classified as insulin resistant. (medscape.com)
  • The resemblance between the metabolic abnormalities of these extreme states of adiposity underscores the importance of fat tissue in energy homeostasis. (medscape.com)
  • Further studies are needed to clarify the effect of long-term (≥ year) consumption of nuts on body weight and their role in altering insulin sensitivity both in normal and type-2 diabetics. (cambridge.org)
  • Neonatal hypothalamic androgenization in the female rat induces changes in peripheral insulin sensitivity and adiposity function at adulthood. (nel.edu)
  • By using the neonatally androgenized female rat we explored whether this treatment modifies peripheral insulin sensitivity and visceral fat function at adulthood. (nel.edu)
  • Perelló M, Castrogiovanni D, Moreno G, Gaillard R, Spinedi E. Neonatal hypothalamic androgenization in the female rat induces changes in peripheral insulin sensitivity and adiposity function at adulthood. (nel.edu)
  • Based on that, we reasoned that any cell expressing insulin receptors might respond to a change of insulin level as if there had been a change of adiposity. (ssib.org)
  • This, in turn, suggested the hypothesis that an experimentally-induced increase of brain insulin would be perceived as an increase of body fat when detected by brain cells expressing insulin receptors, and this would lead to decreased food intake. (ssib.org)
  • We, as well as many other labs, systematically identified the distribution of brain insulin receptors and the mechanism by which insulin enters the brain from the blood. (ssib.org)
  • Leptin is involved in regulating food intake, energy expenditure, and adiposity through hypothalamic leptin receptors. (thermofisher.com)
  • Chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of insulin reduces food intake and body weight of baboons. (ssib.org)
  • Insulin infusion led to significant, dose-related reductions in food intake and body weight in comparison to baseline periods during which artificial CSF was infused. (ssib.org)
  • Furthermore, infusion of pancreatic glucagon in the same molar dose as the largest insulin dose had no significant effect on food intake or body weight. (ssib.org)
  • Over the next couple of decades, Dan Porte and myself and our colleagues developed optimal parameters for administering insulin into the brain and assessing its effects using rodent models, as well as the controls necessary to rule out illness or other alternative explanations for the altered food intake. (ssib.org)
  • additionally circulating levels of insulin, leptin, ACTH and B were measured. (nel.edu)
  • At first, this leads to chronically elevated levels of insulin, and eventually - as your cells become "immune" to the constant presence of insulin - even these high levels of insulin fail to control blood sugar, leading to the high blood sugar levels that result in a prediabetes diagnosis. (dietdoctor.com)
  • using MRI-cerebral blood flow (CBF) during rest: here, changes of insulin levels were negatively associated with changes of CBF signals in the caudate and the putamen in response to glucose administration. (frontiersin.org)
  • Regional adiposity [trunk fat mass (TFM), lower- body fat mass (LFM), and arm fat mass (AFM)] was evaluated using the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method . (bvsalud.org)
  • It should be noted that although several other groups found that administering insulin into the ventricles or directly into brain neuropil elicited hypophagia and loss of body fat, insulin action in the brain remained a somewhat controversial topic to many. (ssib.org)
  • Figure 2: Complex relationships between insulin signalling in the brain and elsewhere in the body in health and disease. (nature.com)
  • Traditionally, nuts have been considered a staple food, but because of their high energy and fat content are not considered good for body weight control or insulin sensitivity. (cambridge.org)
  • It can be caused by a variety of reasons and pushes the body to compensate by producing too much insulin to keep the blood sugar within a normal range. (frontiersin.org)
  • C-reactive protein level had a significant association with body mass index ( r = 0.18), adiposity ( r = 0.23), smoking ( r = 0.20), carbohydrate intake ( r = 0.19) and saturated fatty acid ( r = 0.20). (who.int)
  • DHEA can affect how insulin works in the body. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Glucocorticoid-dependency of increased adiposity in a model of hypothalamic obesity. (nel.edu)
  • It is known that rats treated, at neonatal age, with monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) develop neuroendocrine and metabolic abnormalities, resulting in a phenotype of hypothalamic obesity, characterized by increased adiposity, corticosteronemia and leptinemia. (nel.edu)
  • Perelló M, Moreno G, Gaillard R, Spinedi E. Glucocorticoid-dependency of increased adiposity in a model of hypothalamic obesity. (nel.edu)
  • IR also modifies the association between excessive adiposity and respiratory function in asthmatic adult. (londonmet.ac.uk)
  • Strikingly, differences in plasma insulin levels between hunger and satiety states after glucose administration at the time of the scan were negatively related to brain activity in the posterior insula and superior frontal gyrus (SFG), while plasma glucose levels were positively associated with activity changes in the fusiform gyrus. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our results indicate that hormonal signals like insulin alleviate an acute hemostatic energy deficit by modifying the homeostatic and frontal circuitry of the human brain. (frontiersin.org)
  • Metabolic state, insulin levels and glucose administration interact in their effects on brain activation patterns. (frontiersin.org)
  • To avoid these disadvantages in the present investigation, we used resting-state fMRI in order to reveal potential links between whole brain activity and insulin and glucose levels in different metabolic states. (frontiersin.org)
  • Several studies using rs-fMRI revealed associations of insulin or glucose levels with the functional connectivity (FC) of particular brain networks or brain sites that are related to homeostatic regulation but not without contradictions. (frontiersin.org)
  • A dahlia flower extract has anti-diabetic properties by improving insulin function in the brain. (otago.ac.nz)
  • In A. Kleinridders (Ed.), Physiological consequences of brain insulin action . (otago.ac.nz)
  • Importantly, both lifestyle (diet and exercise) and pharmacological interventions that are known to alleviate peripheral IR effectively restore hippocampal neuroplasticity in rodent models of T2DM and AD, and this effect may be due to restoration of insulin signalling in the hippocampus. (nature.com)
  • This Review highlights these observations and discusses intervention studies which suggest that the restoration of insulin activity in the hippocampus may be an effective strategy to alleviate the cognitive decline associated with T2DM and AD. (nature.com)
  • Burns SF, Bacha F, Lee SJ, Tfayli H, Gungor N, Arslanian SA " Declining {beta}-Cell Function Relative to Insulin Sensitivity With Escalating OGTT 2-h Glucose Concentrations in the Nondiabetic Through the Diabetic Range in Overweight Youth. . (bcm.edu)
  • At about the same time, Dan Porte and I were exploring the relationship between the pancreatic hormone insulin and autonomic nervous system function using a dog model in Dan's lab at the Seattle Veterans Administration Hospital. (ssib.org)
  • Insulin produces the dephosphorylation of only a small subset of proteins at discrete locations, whereas PP1 is ubiquitously expressed and is found in virtually all cellular compartments, suggesting that mechanisms exist for the targeted regulation of PP1 in insulin-responsive cells that selectively permit activation of the enzyme only at these sites. (jci.org)
  • Immediately after sacrifice, freshly dissected visceral fat pads were used for isolation of adipocytes, these cells were then incubated with medium alone or containing different concentrations of insulin in order to determine leptin secreted into the medium. (nel.edu)
  • The results of the high glucose load 90-min test indicated that TP and CT rats developed similar glycemia but this accounted because of an early significantly higher peak values of circulating insulin in TP than in CT rats, regardless of similar enhancement in circulating glucocorticoid concentrations in both groups. (nel.edu)