Insert size chromosomes artificial bacterial. Medical search. Frequent questions

A short piece of the organism's DNA is amplified as an insert in BACs, and then sequenced. (wikipedia.org)
BACs can also be utilized to detect genes or large sequences of interest and then used to map them onto the human chromosome using BAC arrays. (wikipedia.org)
This system, called recombineering, has revolutionized genetic engineering techniques, including the modification of genes on bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) and the generation of conditional knockout mice. (federallabs.org)
We've assigned over 6000 BACs to over 600 markers across almost all chicken chromosomes and linkage groups. (kent.ac.uk)
The length of these sequences has become shorter with each new generation of the technology: originally consisting of bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) with many kilobases of human DNA inserted, they now usually consist of oligonucleotides (oligos) of some 20+ bases. (dnalabsindia.com)
With this in mind the authors have developed a BAC restriction map database containing the restriction maps for both uniquely placed and insert-sequenced BACs from 11 libraries covering the recognition sequences of available restriction enzymes. (sciety.org)

Cosmid End-sequence profiling Fosmid Human artificial chromosome Secondary chromosome Yeast artificial chromosome O'Connor M, Peifer M, Bender W (June 1989). (wikipedia.org)
To overcome the difficulties arising when using artificial yeast chromosomes, alternative vector systems have been designed, among which the most popular at present are systems based on artificial chromosomes of bacteria - BAC. (genomequebecplatforms.com)
YAC (Yeast Artificial Chromosome): A vector of hundreds to kilobases long used for cloning of DNA fragment. (biologyexams4u.com)
We have tremendous experience with plant, animal, yeast and bacterial genomic BAC libraries. (biost.com)
Although this technology was developed much later than Yeast Artificial Chromosome (YAC) and cosmid/fosmid based genome library cloning technologies it soon became popular and tractable because of the technical advantages offered by BAC based cloning over YAC and cosmid/fosmid library cloning systems:1. (biost.com)
Cloning vectors in yeast include yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs). (fullsportpress.net)
Because current machines can only assemble relatively short strings of DNA letters at a time, the researchers inserted the shorter sequences into yeast, whose DNA-repair enzymes linked the strings together. (scienceagogo.com)
They then transferred the medium-sized strings into E. coli and back into yeast. (scienceagogo.com)

F-plasmids play a crucial role because they contain partition genes that promote the even distribution of plasmids after bacterial cell division. (wikipedia.org)
The National Cancer Institute's (NCI) solution is a technology that consists of three specialized bacterial strains and seven plasmids, developed around a genetic system in E. coli that was harnessed into an enabling platform technology, allowing for highly efficient, rapid, and direct manipulation of larger DNA sequences (up to 100kb) than previously enabled by conventional molecular biology methods. (federallabs.org)
Most bacterial plasmids satisfy the first three requirements. (istudy.pk)
Bacterial cloning plasmids often have antibiotic resistance genes that make bacteria resistant to particular antibiotics. (istudy.pk)

T7 & Sp6 phage promoters for transcription of inserted genes. (wikipedia.org)
The vectors of this series contain genes of the moderate bacteriophage P1, which ensure replication of the phage chromosome in infected bacterial cells. (genomequebecplatforms.com)
The heterochromatin consists mainly of short, simple sequence elements repeated for many megabases, occasionally interrupted by inserted transposable elements, and tandem arrays of ribosomal RNA genes. (harvard.edu)
They can carry large inserts of DNA up to 300 kilobases in size, making them ideal for studying the function and organization of genes and genomes. (tutorialspoint.com)
Our library is approximately 10-fold the size of the (AD) 5 -genome (2400 Mb) and provides a 99.7% probability of isolating genes of interest or their sequences. (geneticsmr.com)
In this study, the researchers showed that they could use PASTE to insert genes into several types of human cells, including liver cells, T cells, and lymphoblasts (immature white blood cells). (sflorg.com)
Certain genes or the part of the chromosomes can be introduced in the cells to show the respective feature. (mcqexams.com)
Once a fragment of DNA has been cloned and inserted into a suitable vector, large amounts of DNA can be manufactured, the sequence can be determined, and any genes in the fragment can be expressed in other organisms. (istudy.pk)
The foreign DNA is inserted into one of the antibiotic-resistant genes. (istudy.pk)
The artificial genome was also reorganized using a computer algorithm to place similar genes near each other - like de-fragging a hard drive, but this did not have any obvious effect on the bacterium. (astronomycafe.net)
The plants are transgenic-that is, genes from other organisms have been inserted into their chromosomes. (technologyreview.com)

In addition, a 550-kbp contig composed of 6 BAC clones was constructed that encompassed two adjacent RFLP markers on chromosome 2. (johnshopkins.edu)
The minimum tiling path of the contig contains 6 BAC clones spanning an estimated size of 750 kb covering the QTL region. (tamu.edu)
The average contig size is 0.33 Mbp and the N 50 contig size is 0.62 Mbp. (frontiersin.org)

Artificial bacterial chromosomes are often used to sequence the genomes of organisms in various projects, such as the Human Genome project. (genomequebecplatforms.com)
Although avian genomes are only about 40% the size of those of mammals, and despite a separation of about 300 million years from their last common ancestor, local gene order and arrangement can be surprisingly well-conserved between the chicken and human genomes. (kent.ac.uk)
Whole genome profiling (WGP) is a sequence-based physical mapping technology and uses sequence tags generated by next generation sequencing for construction of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) contigs of complex genomes. (frontiersin.org)
To achieve this goal, they turned to a family of enzymes called integrases, which viruses called bacteriophages use to insert themselves into bacterial genomes. (sflorg.com)
Draft genomes of N. sylvestris and N. tomentosiformis were assembled to 82.9% and 71.6% of their expected size respectively, with N50 sizes of about 80 kb. (biomedcentral.com)

Here especially highlighted variations of FISH are molecular combing, chromosome orientation-FISH (CO-FISH), telomere-FISH, parental origin determination FISH (POD-FISH), FISH to resolve the nuclear architecture, multicolor-FISH (mFISH) approaches, among other applied in chromoanagenesis studies, Comet-FISH, and CRISPR-mediated FISH-applications. (frontiersin.org)
A new method was developed for separation of partially digested large-molecular-weight DNA fragments that facilitated library construction with large inserts. (johnshopkins.edu)
A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library was constructed from high molecular weight DNA of HR45 and is composed of 33,024 clones. (tamu.edu)
Standard chromosome analysis by G-banding has a limited resolution, but molecular cytogenetic techniques, such as multi-subtelomeric FISH, microdeletion FISH, multicolour FISH and comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH), have played an important role for the diagnosis of MR during the past decade. (bmj.com)

First, a full-length functional ZIKV cDNA clone was engineered as a bacterial artificial chromosome, with each reporter gene under the cap-independent translational control of a cardiovirus-derived internal ribosome entry site inserted downstream of the single open reading frame of the viral genome. (mdpi.com)

Introduction Retrotransposons are genetic elements that are capable of replicating and inserting themselves into different parts of the genome. (tutorialspoint.com)
Introduction Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) is a powerful tool in Genetic Research Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) is a widely used tool in genetic research for the manipulation and study of DNA. (tutorialspoint.com)
To better understand the relationship between these variants, combining these findings into single visualizations help to observe the relationship between effect size and allele frequency, providing a clearer picture of the genetic architecture of different traits and diseases. (sciety.org)
The new tool combines the precise targeting of CRISPR-Cas9, a set of molecules originally derived from bacterial defense systems, with enzymes called integrases, which viruses use to insert their own genetic material into a bacterial genome. (sflorg.com)
The study of genetic diversity within bacterial species has provided information on aspects such as virulence ( 1 , 2 ), antimicrobial drug resistance ( 3 ), epidemiology, and microbial evolution ( 4 - 7 ). (cdc.gov)

With high quality and broad coverage, this library includes 200,832 clones, with an average insert size of about 122 kb and fewer than 3% empty clones. (geneticsmr.com)
Amount of clones received is based on a guaranteed coverage and 120Kb average insert size. (biost.com)
Figure 2: PFG following NotI digestion of fungal BAC clones P. omnivora) with an average insert size of 185Kb. (biost.com)
Leading up to the publication of the advanced draft assembly of the Human Genome Sequence in 2001, attention switched to the innovative use of fully sequenced clones (principally Bacterial or P1 Artificial Chromosomes, BAC/PACs). (what-when-how.com)
All chromosome imbalances were size mapped using BAC and PAC clones based on clone mapping databases ( www.ensembl.org , July 2003), except for case 9, which was size mapped using a chromosome 22 specific micro-array. (bmj.com)

Abstract: '[Researchers] have determined the nucleotide sequence of nearly all of the approximately 120-megabase euchromatic portion of the Drosophila genome using a whole-genome shotgun sequencing strategy supported by extensive clone-based sequence and a high-quality bacterial artificial chromosome physical map. (harvard.edu)
P. 2194 middle column 2nd paragraph: 'Genome assembly relied on the use of several types of data, including clone-based sequence, whole-genome sequence from libraries with three insert sizes [2 kb, 10 kb, and 130 kb], and a Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC)-based sequence-tagged site (STS) content map. (harvard.edu)
A vector used to clone DNA fragments of 100-300 kb insert size in E.coli cells. (biologyexams4u.com)
The size of individual BAC clone inserts ranges from 30 kb to 280 kb with an average size of 107 kb. (tamu.edu)
Graph 1: BAC clone insert size distribution (average of 140Kb) of a Soybean BAC library (Glycine max). (biost.com)
31, 32 In this report we used a cDNA micro-array and two BAC clone micro-arrays on 10 previously identified cases containing 16 cryptic chromosome aberrations, to test their performance for the detection of small imbalances. (bmj.com)

However, unlike the bacteriophage, which, during a latent (lysogenic) state, integrates its chromosome into the chromosome of the host bacteriophage, the P1 phage maintains the chromosome in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells in the form of a circular covalently closed molecule resembling a plasmid, the size of which is 100 kbp. (genomequebecplatforms.com)
A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) is a vector system based on the E. coli F-plasmid, cos sites of the lambda phage and loxP of the P1 phage, used for cloning long (150-350 kbp) DNA sequences. (genomequebecplatforms.com)
A similar vector system called PAC (p1-derived artificial chromosome) was made on the basis of a bacterial P1 plasmid from the DNA of the P1 phage. (genomequebecplatforms.com)

Despite the large chromosome fragments involved in the unbalanced translocation in this case, repeated standard G-band analysis could not reveal this rearrangement due to the similarity in the banding pattern of the chromosome fragments involved. (bmj.com)
Array CGH itself must be regarded as a provisional or transitional technology, however, as it will become feasible to replace it with whole-genome sequencing (WGS), as the junction fragments resulting from each site of a chromosome breakpoint will reveal even complex cytogenetic rearrangements. (dnalabsindia.com)
These cells are subjected to hypotonic lysis and individual chromosomes or fragments are isolated. (mcqexams.com)
The fragments of the chromosomes are incubated with whole cells/ eggs for transfection. (mcqexams.com)

He suggested to introduce the term chromosomics being equal to cytogenomics to bring the three-dimensional morphologically of chromosomes into the focus of research, as this is essential for gene regulation. (frontiersin.org)
Expression vectors are designed for expressing the protein encoded by the inserted gene. (biologyexams4u.com)
Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) cloning technology was developed in the early 1990s and quickly gained popularity among scientists whose requirement included developing a thorough understanding of gene network topology based effects, with particular emphasis on gene dosage and gene cassette orientation. (biost.com)
Chromosome markers such as translocation breakpoints found in patients with abnormal phenotypes were often pivotal in identifying the chromosomal region of interest following which positional cloning methods resulted in the identification and characterization of the gene(s) of interest (Tommerup, 1993). (what-when-how.com)
The vector has a short portion of the β -galactosidase gene (the alpha fragment), and the bacterial chromosome has the rest of the gene. (istudy.pk)
If DNA is inserted into the plasmid-borne gene segment, the encoded subunit is not made and β -galactosidase is not produced. (istudy.pk)
If a piece of DNA is inserted into the alpha fragment gene, the bacteria cannot split X-gal and stay white. (istudy.pk)
Once an appropriate vector has been chosen for the gene of interest or other insert, the two pieces are ligated into one construct. (istudy.pk)
By 2008 the researchers had artificially synthesized the complete 482-gene, circular chromosome of M. genitalium , however, M. genitalium is a slow-growing bacterium so by 2010 the research switched to another simple organism called M. mycoides with a faster reproduction cycle. (astronomycafe.net)

A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) is a DNA construct, based on a functional fertility plasmid (or F-plasmid), used for transforming and cloning in bacteria, usually E. coli. (wikipedia.org)
First artificial cloning vector (1977) constructed by Boliver & Rodriguez from E .coli plasmid. (biologyexams4u.com)
In cells without an insert in the plasmid, β -galactosidase is active and splits X-gal to form a blue dye. (istudy.pk)
A cloning vector is a small piece of DNA, taken from a virus, a plasmid, or the cell of a higher organism, that can be stably maintained in an organism, and into which a foreign DNA fragment can be inserted for cloningpurposes. (fullsportpress.net)

For the first time, scientists were able to cut DNA at specific sites and insert sequences with matching ends. (federallabs.org)
The two probes carry an additional sequence, not complementary to human DNA sequences, including PCR primer binding sites and additional 'stuffer sequences' designed so that the PCR product is of a very specific size. (dnalabsindia.com)
Because the MLPA amplicons (the sequences being amplified by PCR) can be designed to be of different sizes, it is possible to amplify many such pairs of ligated probes in the same reaction and with the same primers and primer sites for each of the different target sites of interest: the length of the product obtained from each site is distinct. (dnalabsindia.com)
However, understanding of quantitative traits and use of genomic tools for breeding is partly restricted by the large expected genome size of 3,947 to 4,397 Mbp/1C ( Arumuganathan and Earle, 1991 ) and the occurrence of highly repetitive sequences in the pea genome. (frontiersin.org)

It is worth mentioning that among the participants in this project was our Chief Technical Officer, Vincenzo Cirigliano , who participated in the sequencing of a fragment of the X chromosome. (veritasint.com)
A cloning vector is a small piece of DNA into which a foreign DNA fragment can be inserted. (fullsportpress.net)

It is the first artificial cloning vector constructed in 1977 by Boliver and Rodriguez. (cbsetuts.com)

This type of library is especially useful when genome size is large and creating an arrayed library is cost-prohibitive. (biost.com)
Price per screening is dependent on genome size. (biost.com)
N. sylvestris and N. tomentosiformis are diploid species with an estimated 1C genome size of about 2,650 Mb. (biomedcentral.com)
That's a lot of information for a complex organism like humans, but when it comes to genome size, a rare Japanese flower, called Paris japonica , is the current heavyweight champ, with 50 times more DNA than humans. (astronomycafe.net)

When β -galactosidase is expressed, the bacteria can degrade X-gal, which turns the bacterial colony blue. (istudy.pk)
Since its genome was sequenced in 1999, we now know of five additional bacteria with even smaller genome sizes. (astronomycafe.net)

Seven of eight simple sequence repeats markers that are located on five different chromosomes and linked with resistance to Verticillium wilt could amplify the 50 superpools and obtained one to five hits. (geneticsmr.com)

Several terminal, or more correctly, subtelomeric deletions have been described following analysis of patients with normal karyotypes using chromosome-specific sub-telomere FISH probes (Knight et al. (what-when-how.com)
In the process, chromosomal fusions occurred in the equidae, causing karyotypes to evolve that range from 66 to 32 chromosomes, whilst preserving the same amount of DNA. (ivis.org)

Venter's research team had already chemically synthesized a bacterial genome, and it has transplanted the genome of one bacterium to another. (scienceagogo.com)
In at least one case, a 'watermark' sequence was inserted into the genome of an earlier synthetic bacterium called M. laboratorium . (astronomycafe.net)

Some vectors have ways to detect whether or not they contain an insert. (istudy.pk)

A short piece of DNA from the organism under study is inserted into the chromosome and then amplified and sequenced. (genomequebecplatforms.com)

3- 16 However, these probes only reveal chromosome rearrangements located in the subtelomeric region. (bmj.com)

To facilitate M. grisea genome analysis, physical mapping, and positional cloning, we have constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library from the rice infecting strain 70-15. (johnshopkins.edu)
To be able to directly compare the impact of the PC on the levels of neutralizing antibody (NT-abs) responses, a PC-positive variant of the HCMV laboratory strain Towne was established by bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) mutagenesis (Towne-UL130rep). (asm.org)

In this paper, we propose a standardized approach for visualizing the effect size of risk variants across the allele frequency spectrum, generate plots for over a hundred traits in the UK Biobank, and provide to the field a R package and R Shiny application to explore their own results. (sciety.org)

A major quantitative trait loci (QTL) conditioning common bacterial blight (CBB) resistance in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) lines HR45 and HR67 was derived from XAN159, a resistant line obtained from an interspecific cross between common bean lines and the tepary bean (P. acutifolius L.) line PI319443. (tamu.edu)

Both bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) and small insert sequencing libraries have been constructed from DNA of a single female inbred Red Jungle Fowl, the nearest wild relative of domestic chickens. (kent.ac.uk)
Table 1: A few libraries constructed in the past with obtained average insert sizes. (biost.com)
While Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes libraries were once a key resource for building the human genome project over time they have been rendered relatively obsolete by long-read technologies. (sciety.org)

For this study, the researchers focused on serine integrases, which can insert huge chunks of DNA, as large as 50,000 base pairs. (sflorg.com)

The 120 Mb of euchromatin is on two large autosomes and the X chromosome. (harvard.edu)
We guarantee a quick turnaround-time, unbeatable pricing and large inserts. (biost.com)

May bind bacterial antigens in the protein MARCO. (embl.de)
The results suggest that the novel protein is a macrophage-specific membrane receptor with a role in host defense, as it shows postnatal expression in macrophages, which are considered responsible for the binding of bacterial antigens and phagocytosis. (embl.de)

Routine chromosome analysis (450-500 bands) had failed to detect the rearrangements in all cases. (bmj.com)
The karyotype is still required for studies of specific chromosome rearrangements, such as inversions and reciprocal translocations, but array CGH is also replacing FISH and related investigations, such as searches for subtelomeric deletions. (dnalabsindia.com)

Chromosome specific micro-arrays have however been used in a few cases to determine the critical regions in microdeletion disorders. (bmj.com)

This is the first synthetic cell that's been made, and we call it synthetic because the cell is totally derived from a synthetic chromosome, made with four bottles of chemicals on a chemical synthesizer, starting with information in a computer," said Venter. (scienceagogo.com)

Recombinant DNAs based on them (insert size 150-200 kbp) are introduced into bacterial cells using electroporation. (genomequebecplatforms.com)
The main part deals with examples of modern FISH-applications, highlighting unique possibilities of the approach, like the possibility to study individual cells and even individual chromosomes. (frontiersin.org)
For the transfer of whole chromosomes, metaphase cells are selected. (mcqexams.com)
This allows the egg cells to take up the chromosomes from the medium. (mcqexams.com)
Cells with an insert become sensitive to the second antibiotic. (istudy.pk)
Cells without an insert remain resistant to the antibiotic. (istudy.pk)
It makes up 25% of all bacterial plankton cells in the ocean. (astronomycafe.net)

The size of the replicon, which is able to provide replication of the P1 chromosome in the lysogenic state, is only 1.5 kb. (genomequebecplatforms.com)

The small fourth chromosome contains only ~1 Mb of euchromatin. (harvard.edu)
Small size of vector. (cbsetuts.com)

In this method, separation is based on charge and size of the molecules. (mcqexams.com)

However, the technology was limited to insertion at particular sites in the host vector, and the size of the inserted DNA quickly became a limiting factor. (federallabs.org)

The combination of these resources resulted in a set of ordered contigs spanning nearly all of the euchromatic region on each chromosome arm. (harvard.edu)
It can be thought of as if FISH or MLPA were being applied to every region of every chromosome at the same time. (dnalabsindia.com)

Ligase connects the vector and insert. (istudy.pk)

The MIT team realized that combining these enzymes with a CRISPR-Cas9 system that inserts the correct landing site would enable easy reprogramming of the powerful insertion system. (sflorg.com)

PAC (P1-derived artificial chromosome) is commonly used in modern research. (genomequebecplatforms.com)

The development and applications of the bacterial artificial chromosome cloning system" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
But rejecting what is foreign, no matter the size, is not just a nice thing or just "how the immune system protects the body" but it does so for a cardinal purpose - to maintain bodily integrity. (blogs.com)

Under this generic term, all chromosome-related studies should be summarized to introduce novel ideas and concepts in biology and medicine, thus having an integrative effect on the field. (frontiersin.org)
Testicular biopsy is indicated in azoospermic men with a normal-sized testis and normal findings on hormonal studies to evaluate for ductal obstruction, to further evaluate idiopathic infertility, and to retrieve sperm. (medscape.com)

This method gives information about the number of copies of the sequence of interest and shows on which chromosomes they are found. (dnalabsindia.com)

The NCI team continues to develop the technology, making improvements to the initial bacterial strains that have resulted in a "second generation" set. (federallabs.org)

High average insert and even insert size distribution (see Graph 1 below). (biost.com)
19- 22 Yet none of these techniques is able to offer a high resolution screening of the whole genome for chromosome imbalances. (bmj.com)

Anatomy67

Organisms8

Diseases26

Chemicals and Drugs30

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes174

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science4

BACs6

Yeast8

Plasmids4

Genes11

Contig3

Genomes5

Molecular4

CDNA clone1

Genetic5

Clones5

Clone6

Phage3

Fragments4

Gene9

Plasmid4

Sequences4

Fragment2

Cloning vector1

Genome size4

Bacteria2

Markers1

Karyotypes2

Bacterium2

Vectors1

Organism1

Probes1

Strain2

Variants1

Resistance1

Libraries3

Researchers1

Large2

Protein2

Rearrangements2

Arrays1

Synthetic1

Cells7

Replication1

Small2

Molecules1

Host1

Region2

Ligase1

Enzymes1

Research1

System2

Studies2

Interest1

Technology1

High2