• In the mice the thymus is innervated by acetylcholine-esterase-positive fibers of the vagus, the recurrent laryngeal, and the phrenic nerves. (eurotoxpath.org)
  • Nerves such as the phrenic and vagus nerves also pass through this opening. (belmarrahealth.com)
  • Dr. Rosas-Ballinasbegan following the winding path of the vagus nerve to establish the route it follows to reach the spleen (Rosas-Ballina et al 2011). (fliphtml5.com)
  • He was trying, without much luck, to find fibers of the vagus nerve in this organ. (fliphtml5.com)
  • The network of nerves represented on the model includes a combination of cranial nerves and spinal nerves: brachial plexus, phrenic nerve, vagus nerve, accessory nerve (CN XI), and the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII). (anatomywarehouse.com)
  • The vagus nerve acts as a link between the peripheral autonomic nervous system and the brain. (osteopathie-liem.de)
  • Vagus nerve stimulation has been shown to have brain plasticity and memory enhancing effects [69]. (osteopathie-liem.de)
  • Thus, afferent fibres of the vagus nerve metabolically influence the microglia of the brain [108]. (osteopathie-liem.de)
  • The outside branch (back auricular) of the vagus nerve superiorly at the level of the hyoid bone in the wake of entering the stylohyoid tendon in the upper triangle enters a profound belt over sternocleidomastoid muscle and comes out on the backline about an inch underneath the ear cartilage. (worldofmedicalsaviours.com)
  • The inferior part contains the vagus nerve. (worldofmedicalsaviours.com)
  • The carotid triangle incorporates the normal carotid course and its bifurcation into the outside carotid conduit (ECA) and interior carotid corridor (ICA) carotid supply route, the inward jugular vein, and the vagus nerve. (worldofmedicalsaviours.com)
  • The auricular branch of the vagus nerve is a sensory nerve emerging from the superior ganglion of the vagus nerve, joined by branches from the glossopharyngeal (CN IX) and facial nerves, and innervating the lower part of the tympanic membrane and the floor of the external auditory canal. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Parasympathetic innervation is vagal, while sympathetic innervation is by cardiac branches. (semiologiaclinica.com)
  • Deviating towards the celiacganglion, they next join company with the splenic vein, and are eventually distributed to localised parts of the vein.This review article evaluates the conventional knowledge and points to new insights into neural regulation ofspleen.Key Words : Spleen, Suprachiasmatic nucleus, pineal gland, T cells, immune.INTRODUCTIONSplenic immune function is modulated by sympathetic innervation, which in turn is controlled by inputs fromsupraspinal regions. (fliphtml5.com)
  • Sympathetic innervation of the spleenappears to play an important role in the modulation of immune function, since changes in splenic nerve activity altera variety of cellular and humoral immune responses in this organ (Wan et al 1994). (fliphtml5.com)
  • Unopposed cholinergic bronchoconstrictor activity caused by loss of sympathetic innervation of the airway with unopposed parasympathetic activity. (anesthesiastudent.com)
  • The nerve is important for breathing because it provides exclusive motor control of the diaphragm, the primary muscle of respiration. (wikipedia.org)
  • From its origin in the neck, the nerve travels downward into the chest to pass between the heart and lungs towards the diaphragm. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to motor fibers, the phrenic nerve contains sensory fibers, which receive input from the central tendon of the diaphragm and the mediastinal pleura, as well as some sympathetic nerve fibers. (wikipedia.org)
  • The right phrenic nerve passes over the brachiocephalic artery, posterior to the subclavian vein, and then crosses the root of the right lung anteriorly and then leaves the thorax by passing through the vena cava hiatus opening in the diaphragm at the level of T8. (wikipedia.org)
  • The left phrenic nerve passes over the pericardium of the left ventricle and pierces the diaphragm separately. (wikipedia.org)
  • Both of these nerves supply motor fibers to the diaphragm and sensory fibers to the fibrous pericardium, mediastinal pleura, and diaphragmatic peritoneum. (wikipedia.org)
  • Severing the phrenic nerve, or a phrenectomy, will paralyse that half of the diaphragm. (wikipedia.org)
  • The phrenic nerve arises from the neck (C3-C5) and innervates the diaphragm, which is much lower. (wikipedia.org)
  • C3-C5 contribute to the formation of the phrenic nerve and innervate the diaphragm. (medscape.com)
  • Anterior magnetic stimulation (aMS) of the phrenic nerves is a new method for the assessment of diaphragm contractility that might have particular applications for the clinical assessment of critically ill patients who are commonly supine. (nih.gov)
  • Twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure (Tw Pdi) measured with magnetic stimulation of the phrenic nerve is used to follow up patients and to assess the effect of clinical treatments on diaphragm function. (nih.gov)
  • At the core of respiratory circuits are Dbx1-derived interneurons, which generate the rhythm and pattern of breathing, and phrenic motor neurons (MNs), which provide the final motor output that drives diaphragm muscle contractions during inspiration. (elifesciences.org)
  • The overarching hypothesis is that cadherin adhesion molecules specify the code that enables the premotor brainstem breathing circuits to innervate the phrenic motor neurons that control the primary breathing muscle, the diaphragm. (elifesciences.org)
  • aimed to identify how phrenic motor neurons connect to and relay signals from other neurons involved in breathing to the diaphragm muscle. (elifesciences.org)
  • Coursing with it as non-medullated fibres, they eventuallyperforate the diaphragm, where for a time they accompany the inferior phrenic artery. (fliphtml5.com)
  • The diaphragm (phrenic nerve). (earthslab.com)
  • They are linked with the parasympathetic system and the phrenic nerve, and play a key role in the homeostasis of neuroimmune modulation. (eurotoxpath.org)
  • Their results indicate that thevagus nerve inherently communicates with the splenic nerve to suppress TNF production by macrophages in thespleen.According to the prevailing paradigm, the autonomic nervous system is anatomically and functionally divided insympathetic and parasympathetic branches, which act in opposition to regulate organ function. (fliphtml5.com)
  • Parasympathetic innervation, arising from the vagal nuclei of the brainstem, remains intact. (anesthesiastudent.com)
  • the much greater anterior rami innervate most other areas of the body other than the head, which is innervated primarily, however not exclusively, by cranial nerves. (earthslab.com)
  • These muscles receive innervation from a number of cranial nerves. (docsbay.net)
  • Which of the following cranial nerves provide innervation to muscles originating from the styloid process? (docsbay.net)
  • Symptoms of nerve injury include paresthesias, loss of sensation and position sense, impaired motor function, cranial nerve malfunction, changes in reflexes, and impairments in glandular secretion. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • cranial nerve for illus. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The components of the eighth cranial nerve (CN VIII) carrying axons that convey information regarding sound and balance between the spiral ganglion in the inner ear and the cochlear nuclei in the brainstem. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Although the nerve receives contributions from nerve roots of the cervical plexus and the brachial plexus, it is usually considered separate from either plexus. (wikipedia.org)
  • We present our initial experience of double fascicular nerve transfer for upper brachial plexus avulsion. (thenerve.net)
  • 8 ) reported the technique of nerve transfer from a redundant fascicle of the ulnar nerve to the biceps brachii branch of the musculocutaneous nerve for restoration of elbow function due to upper brachial plexus avulsion. (thenerve.net)
  • The lateral pectoral nerve is larger than the medial and arises from the upper and middle trunks or by a single branch from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus. (neurol.ru)
  • Manoj G Tyagi and Divya VAutonomic nervous regulation of spleenDespite the demonstrated influence of the splenic nerve on immune responses, little is known about the identity ofcentral nervous system (CNS) cell groups that innervate splenic SPNs. (fliphtml5.com)
  • Posterior branches of spinal nerves innervate the intrinsic muscles of the back and surrounding skin. (earthslab.com)
  • Each of the nerves in turn might have various branches called for the certain structures they innervate. (earthslab.com)
  • the inferior alveolar nerves innervate the lower teeth and gingivae. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The anterior superior alveolar nerves, branches of the infraorbital nerve (from CN V2), run in canals in the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus and innervate the upper incisors, canines, premolars, and often part of the first molar. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The posterior superior alveolar nerves (also from CN V2) innervate the rest of the upper molars. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • On both sides, the phrenic nerve usually runs posterior to the subclavian vein as it enters the thorax where it runs anterior to the root of the lung and between the fibrous pericardium and mediastinal parietal pleura. (wikipedia.org)
  • Notably, there may be variability in the course of the phrenic nerve in the retro-clavicular region such that the nerve courses anterior to the subclavian vein, rather than its typical position posterior to the vein (between the subclavian vein and artery). (wikipedia.org)
  • The anterior and posterior nerve rootlets emerge at the anterolateral and posterolateral sulci. (medscape.com)
  • There is sensory innervation in the inferior and posterior portions of the parietal pericardium, and because it is in close contact with the left diagrammatic pleura, it receives fibers from the phrenic nerve. (semiologiaclinica.com)
  • And then hewent a little further posterior to the splenic nerve, the nerve that innervates the spleen. (fliphtml5.com)
  • The anterior and posterior triangles feature muscles, nerves, vasculature, and other structures located in their respective regions. (anatomywarehouse.com)
  • Distal nerve blocks do not prevent tourniquet pain since the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve of forearm (musculocutaneous nerve), the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm, the posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm, and the intercostobrachial nerve that provide cutaneous innervation of the upper arm are not blocked [4]. (ijrajournal.com)
  • Anatomy of the Posterior Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve, Revisited.Scientific Article Volume 45,Issue4,April 2020. (ijrajournal.com)
  • Each nerve is connected to the spinal cord by a posterior root and an anterior root. (earthslab.com)
  • The sympathetic trunks and first thoracic nerves are found posterior to the cupola. (dartmouth.edu)
  • The posterior auricular nerve is a motor branch of the facial nerve (CN VII) that innervates the posterior and intrinsic auricular muscles. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The pericardiacophrenic arteries and veins travel with their respective phrenic nerves. (wikipedia.org)
  • This chapter gives an overview of the important structures, muscles, fasciae , and vessels ( arteries , veins , lymph , nerves) of the head and neck region. (amboss.com)
  • The Axis Scientific Human Neck and Throat Model with Muscles, Veins, and Arteries provides a detailed study of the neck and throat musculature, complete with the nerves and vessels that transport blood through the neck. (anatomywarehouse.com)
  • Gain a deeper understanding of the muscles of the neck and throat, and how they function in supporting the weight of the head while acting as a channel for nerves and arteries to pass through. (anatomywarehouse.com)
  • In addition to major arteries and veins, this neck and throat model also displays the nerves, glands, and other vessels that support the flow of blood through the chest and into different parts of the body. (anatomywarehouse.com)
  • The pleura is supplied by adjacent arteries and nerves and has numerous lymphatics. (dartmouth.edu)
  • To confirm the identity of the phrenic nerve, a doctor may gently manipulate it to elicit a dartle (diaphragmatic startle) response. (wikipedia.org)
  • Venous drainage is carried out through the acygos system, and the superior diaphragmatic veins, while the lymphatics are a tributary of tracheobronchial phrenic chains and infradiaphragmatic nodes. (semiologiaclinica.com)
  • Injury to the phrenic nerve via surgical injury or otherwise can lead to severe diaphragmatic pain. (belmarrahealth.com)
  • Phrenic nerve conduction abnormalities correlate with diaphragmatic descent in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (elispot.biz)
  • 22. Bałkowiec A, Kukuła K, Szulczyk P. Functional classification of afferent phrenic nerve fibres and diaphragmatic receptors in cats. (elispot.biz)
  • Does not directly affect diaphragmatic contraction (the phrenic nerve is formed by the C3, C4 and C5 nerve roots). (anesthesiastudent.com)
  • C1 participates in the innervation of neck muscles, including the semispinalis capitis muscle. (medscape.com)
  • C2 carries sensation from the back of the head and scalp, along with motor innervation to several muscles in the neck. (medscape.com)
  • Electrical activity recorded from these cells showed that phrenic motor neurons lacking cadherins could not receive the signals required to activate the breathing muscles. (elifesciences.org)
  • Both C760R and G607S knock-in mouse embryos showed similar axonal arborization defects with normal trajectory patterns from the spinal cord to the target hindlimb muscles, as well as axon guidance defects of the abducens nerves. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This is a heterogeneous group of syndromes resulting from aberrant wiring of motor nerves in the head muscles [ 6 , 26 ], and not from malformations of the eye itself. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The facial nerve (VII) innervates all muscles of facial expression . (amboss.com)
  • Lower thoracic spinal nerves T6-12 supply power to abdominal muscles. (earthslab.com)
  • Motor root avulsion of the C5 and C6 roots results in Erb palsy, with loss of supply to muscles innervated by the suprascapular nerve, axillary nerve, and musculocutaneous nerve 3 ). (thenerve.net)
  • However, the importance of the brachial muscle in elbow flexion was subsequently confirmed and the technique for the transfer of double fascicular nerves to both the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles was introduced 7 ). (thenerve.net)
  • Sensory nerves are responsible for carrying sensory information from the body's various sensory receptors (such as skin, muscles, and organs) to the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). (bioguideline.com)
  • This intricate network serves to provide sensory and motor innervation to various structures within the neck and surrounding areas. (libsyn.com)
  • These nerves typically run posteriorly and then penetrate the prevertebral fascia before reaching the skin and superficial structures. (libsyn.com)
  • Signals that allow axons to locate themselves in space, called topographic or guidance signals, are also used by cells that migrate to build nerve structures. (inmg.fr)
  • The advantage of these distal blocks is preservation of proximal motor function and avoidance of central structures such as the pleura, subclavian or axillary artery and the phrenic nerve. (ijrajournal.com)
  • Axons via the anterior rami of spinal nerves, except for thoracic nerves T2-T12, do not go straight to the body structures they supply. (earthslab.com)
  • At the peripheral ends of nerves, specialized structures called nerve endings or receptors are present. (bioguideline.com)
  • Structures running behind it are extra spinal nerve, prevalent laryngeal vein, phrenic vessels, ansa cervicalis. (worldofmedicalsaviours.com)
  • The inferior alveolar nerve (from CN V3) runs in the mandibular canal, giving off branches to the lower teeth and gingivae as it passes. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Although aMS was not demonstrably supramaximal in normal subjects, the mean value of twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure (Tw Pdi) obtained at 100% of stimulator output, 23.7 cmH2O, did not differ significantly from that obtained with bilateral supramaximal electrical stimulation (ES), 24.9 cmH2O, or bilateral anterior magnetic phrenic nerve stimulation (BAMPS), 27.3 cmH2O. (nih.gov)
  • We investigated 32 normal subjects, measuring Tw Pdi elicited by bilateral magnetic stimulation of the phrenic nerves on two to 14 occasions. (nih.gov)
  • Usually require long-term mechanical ventilation or phrenic nerve stimulation. (anesthesiastudent.com)
  • The present benign schwannoma may have arised from this complex and branched intrinsic innervation. (eurotoxpath.org)
  • Mignini F, Sabbatini M, D'Andrea V, Cavallotti C (2010) Intrinsic innervation and dopaminergic markers after experimental denervation in rat thymus. (eurotoxpath.org)
  • 1. _____ Palsy of the hypoglossal nerve can often be difficult to diagnose. (docsbay.net)
  • Head anatomy1) Trigeminal nervea-branchesb-actions2) Facial nervea-branchesb-actions3) Glossopharyngeal nervea-actionsb-what does injury affect4) hypoglossal nervea-actionsb-findings in hypoglossal nerve injury5) recurrent laryngeal nerve- innervates all of larynx except what muscle? (brainscape.com)
  • The phrenic nerve is a mixed motor/sensory nerve that originates from the C3-C5 spinal nerves in the neck. (wikipedia.org)
  • As with most nerves in the neck, multiple anatomic variants have been described. (wikipedia.org)
  • David Rosenblum, MD Garden City and Brooklyn Pain Physician, world renown for his work on the PainExam Podcast, PainExam Pain Management Board Review and NRAP Academy's Continuing Medical Education Programs , discusses: a case of paresthesia in the upper neck realted to C3 and C4 stenosis and considers a selective nerve root block while wondering if a deep cervical plexus block would suffice. (libsyn.com)
  • The cervical plexus is a complex network of nerves located in the neck region, originating from the anterior rami (branches) of the cervical spinal nerves, specifically those stemming from the upper cervical segments (C1 to C4). (libsyn.com)
  • The superficial sensory branches originating from adjacent anterior spinal nerves (C2 to C4) are responsible for providing sensation to specific areas of the skin, particularly in the head, neck, and shoulder regions. (libsyn.com)
  • The scalene muscle group's relationship to the nerve and vessel networks in the neck create the interscalene block, an anesthetic technique for the shoulder and upper arm. (anatomywarehouse.com)
  • The neck and throat model displays major nerves responsible for innervation of the neck, upper limbs, tongue, and respiration. (anatomywarehouse.com)
  • 2. _____ Spinal nerve C2 forms part of the cervical plexus which provides innervation to the skin of the neck. (docsbay.net)
  • Bulloch K, Pomerantz W (1984) Autonomic nervous system innervation of thymic-related lymphoid tissue in wildtype and nude mice. (eurotoxpath.org)
  • A spinal nerve is composed of many nerves, which carries motor, sensory, and autonomic signals between the spinalcord and the body. (earthslab.com)
  • In humans, the right and left phrenic nerves are primarily supplied by the C4 spinal nerve, but there is also a contribution from the C3 and C5 spinal nerves. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cauda equina (Latin for horse tail) is the collection of lumbar and sacral spinal nerve roots that travel caudally prior to exiting at their respective intervertebral foramina. (medscape.com)
  • Any pathology that occludes or decreases the size of an intervertebral foramen, such as bone loss, herniation of the intervertebral disc, or dislocation of the zygapophysial joint (the joint in between the articular procedures), can impact the function of the associated spinal nerve. (earthslab.com)
  • Each spinal nerve includes a dorsal root (containing afferent fibers) and a ventral root (consisting of afferent fibers). (earthslab.com)
  • The common spinal nerve trunk is gotten in touch with the sympathetic chain of paravertebral ganglia that lie on either side of the vertebral column via the white and gray rami. (earthslab.com)
  • The dorsal and ventral roots create the common spinal nerve trunk and are signed up with distal to the spinal ganglion. (earthslab.com)
  • Two weeks after the first transfer surgery, the distal accessory nerve was transferred to the suprascapular nerve to ensure shoulder function. (thenerve.net)
  • They are covered by a fatty substance called myelin, which acts as an insulating layer to facilitate the rapid conduction of nerve impulses. (bioguideline.com)
  • The assessment of nerve injury includes a careful neurological examination, sometimes accompanied by tests, e.g., electromyography or nerve conduction studies. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • 1) takes omohyoid, submandibular gland, sensory nerves C2-C5, cervical branch of facial nerve, and ipsilateral thyroid2) same as above + accessory nerve (CN XII), SCM, and internal jugular resection. (brainscape.com)
  • After lesioning of the dorsal root entry zone due to painful avulsion, double fascicles (flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris) of the median and ulnar nerve) were transferred to the biceps brachii and brachialis branches of the musculocutaneous nerve to restore elbow flexion. (thenerve.net)
  • The so-called 'double fascicular nerve transfer' entails a surgical transfer of the flexor carpi radialis (FCR) and flexor carpi ulnar (FCU) branches of the median and ulnar nerves to the biceps brachii and brachialis branches of the musculocutaneous nerve for functional restoration of elbow flexion 2 - 4 , 6 , 7 , 12 - 15 ). (thenerve.net)
  • If the needle is inserted too laterally, it may be in the coracobrachialis or the short head of the biceps, which are supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve. (neurol.ru)
  • Unmyelinated fibres, mainly originating from the dorsalis nervi vagi nerve, regulate blood flow and activity of the abdominal organs, while myelinated fibres, originating from the ambiguus nerve, regulate the thoracic organs of the heart and lungs as well as speech (superior laryngeal and recurrent nerve) and the hearing of human speech (including the stapedius nerve after connection with the facial nerve). (osteopathie-liem.de)
  • In the rat, catecholaminergic and cholinergic nerve fibers are detected along the vessels and in the thymic parenchyma in specific locations. (eurotoxpath.org)
  • Nerves are supplied with blood vessels that deliver oxygen, nutrients, and remove waste products. (bioguideline.com)
  • Blood vessels travel alongside or within the connective tissue layers, ensuring the metabolic needs of the nerves are met. (bioguideline.com)
  • Therefore, nerve transfer surgery to restore elbow and shoulder function is rarely reported. (thenerve.net)
  • Six months after the nerve transfers, elbow flexion recovered to Medical Research Council grade 3, but shoulder function did not show any improvement. (thenerve.net)
  • An additional nerve transfer (triceps branch of the radial nerve to the axillary nerve) was planned for shoulder function. (thenerve.net)
  • For shoulder function, it is recommended to perform radial nerve transfer at the time of the first surgery. (thenerve.net)
  • In the case of root avulsion, the absence of proximal nerve stump prevents nerve graft reconstruction and no spontaneous recovery of the shoulder and elbow function is anticipated 13 ). (thenerve.net)
  • Therefore, nerve transfer should be considered for restoration of the elbow and shoulder function. (thenerve.net)
  • New Periarticular Vasoconstrictor Infiltration (PVI) technique for shoulder surgery, a promising option without phrenic blockage and minimal bleeding? (e-congres.com)
  • Is the continuous nerve catheter analgesia the gold standard in shoulder surgery today? (e-congres.com)
  • Primarily significant visceral parts of the PNS (sympathetic trunk and prevertebral plexus) of the body are likewise connected with the anterior rami of spinal nerves. (earthslab.com)
  • 20. Chandler MJ, Qin C, Yuan Y, Foreman RD. Convergence of trigeminal input with visceral and phrenic inputs on primate C1-C2 spinothalamic tract neurons. (elispot.biz)
  • Anatomy of the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve in relation to the lateral epicondyle and cephalic vein. (ijrajournal.com)
  • It curves forward to join the branch from the lateral pectoral nerve, entering the deep surface of the pectoralis minor to supply it. (neurol.ru)
  • Sternocostal part: Innervation is via the lateral and medial pectoral nerves, lateral and medial cords, middle and lower trunks, and roots C7, C8, T 1. (neurol.ru)
  • An isolated lesion of the lateral or medial pectoral nerves is rare. (neurol.ru)
  • It sends a small branch to the medial pectoral nerve, forming a loop in front of the first part of the axillary artery, to supply fibers of the pectoralis minor. (neurol.ru)
  • If the needle is inserted too superiorly, it may be in the anterior fibers of the deltoid, which is supplied by the axillary nerve. (neurol.ru)
  • surprisingly, however, cell body position appears to be dispensable for the targeting of phrenic MNs by descending respiratory inputs. (elifesciences.org)
  • There are three main types of nerves in the human body: sensory nerves, motor nerves, and mixed nerves. (bioguideline.com)
  • Instead, by accompanying numerous varieties of axons via anterior rami of surrounding nerves they create systems on both the left and right sides of the body. (earthslab.com)
  • The cell bodies of the sensory nerves are located in the dorsal root ganglia. (medscape.com)
  • Konnova EA, Deftu AF, Chu Sin Chung P, Pertin M, Kirschmann G, Decosterd I, Suter MR. Characterisation of GFAP-Expressing Glial Cells in the Dorsal Root Ganglion after Spared Nerve Injury. (unil.ch)
  • Pereira, P.A. Superior Gluteal Nerve Anatomy and Its Injuries: Aiming for a More Secure Surgical Approach of the Pelvic Region. (libsyn.com)
  • Lung K, Lui F. Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis: Superior Gluteal Nerve. (libsyn.com)
  • Hadzic's Nerve Blocks and Anatomy for Ultrasound Guided Regional Anesthesia, 2e. (ijrajournal.com)
  • Hip joint innervation and anatomy, what should be considered for RA? (e-congres.com)
  • A nerve corresponds to an organ of the peripheral nervous system, composed of neurons often grouped together in ganglia and projecting their axons through the tissues. (bioguideline.com)
  • When medical professionals use the term "nerve," they typically refer to the portion of the nervous system located outside of the brain and spinal cord, which is known as the peripheral nervous system. (bioguideline.com)
  • The neuronal cell bodies of a nerve's axons are in the brain, the spinal cord, or ganglia, but the nerves run only in the peripheral nervous system. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • 4) Herman Sehmbi,Caveh Madjdpour,Ushma Jitendra Shah,Ki Jinn Shin.Ultrasound guided distal peripheral nerve block of the upper limb: A technical review.JOACP 2015.Volume 31,issue3,296-307. (ijrajournal.com)
  • Which of the following nerves arise (at least in part from vertebral level C2? (docsbay.net)