Innervation hair cells auditory. Medical search. Frequent questions

These bipolar neurons innervate the hair cells of the organ of Corti. (wikipedia.org)
Neurons whose cell bodies lie in the spiral ganglion are strung along the bony core of the cochlea, and send fibers (axons) into the central nervous system (CNS). (wikipedia.org)
These bipolar neurons are the first neurons in the auditory system to fire an action potential, and supply all of the brain's auditory input. (wikipedia.org)
In this work the impact of two widely used anesthetics on the electrical activity of auditory brainstem neurons was studied during postnatal development. (frontiersin.org)
In recent years, different lines of genetically manipulated mouse models were used to study how modulation of the cochlear pacemaker affects the maturation of central auditory neurons and synapses. (frontiersin.org)
abstract = "During the development of periphery auditory circuits, spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) extend their neurites to innervate cochlear hair cells (HCs) with their soma aggregated into a cluster spatially segregated from the cochlear sensory epithelium. (edu.sa)
Sound detected by a single auditory hair cell is relayed by 10-30 type I spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), the primary sensory neurons of the auditory system, to the central nervous system. (hopkinsyidp.org)
Although these neurons exhibit differences in spontaneous firing rates and activation thresholds, it is unclear whether the physiological diversity reflects their endogenous heterogeneities and whether they differentially process auditory information. (hopkinsyidp.org)
Pou4f1 defines a subgroup of type I spiral ganglion neurons and is necessary for normal inner hair cell presynaptic Ca2+ signaling. (mpg.de)
In mice, Slitrk6 plays a role in the survival and innervation of sensory neurons in the inner ear, vestibular apparatus, and retina, and also influences axial eye length. (harvard.edu)
The hair cells in the vestibular system contact VG (vestibular ganglion) neurons, which then send sensory information along nerve cells called mossy fibers to the vestibular region of the cerebellum ( Dow, 1936 ). (elifesciences.org)
Neurons from the hair cells (black) within the five organs of the vestibular system (left) form different types of synapses - dimorphic, calyx or bouton - with vestibular ganglion (VG) neurons (red). (elifesciences.org)
These cells are the sole output neurons from the cerebellar cortex and they have a crucial role in motor learning. (elifesciences.org)
However, this is not the full story because the vestibular region of the cerebellum also contains a high proportion of excitatory neurons called unipolar brush cells (UBCs). (elifesciences.org)
Generation of Otic Sensory Neurons from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells in 3D Culture. (otostem.org)
PNNs are supposed to control synaptic transmission and are frequently associated with neurons firing at high rates, including principal neurons of auditory brainstem nuclei. (biomedcentral.com)
The origin of high-frequency activity of auditory brainstem neurons is the indefatigable sound-driven transmitter release of inner hair cells (IHCs) in the cochlea. (biomedcentral.com)
Neurons in the avian cochlear nucleus angularis (NA) receive glutamatergic input from the auditory nerve, and GABAergic input from the superior olivary nucleus. (omeka.net)
For decades, we have presumed the death of hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons are the main cause of hearing loss and difficulties understanding speech in noise, but new findings suggest synapse loss may be the key contributor. (omeka.net)
This research is the first to produce induced pluripotent stem cell-derived inner ear sensory neurons in the Neurog1 +/− heterozygote mouse using blastocyst complementation. (biomedcentral.com)
Hearing depends on the mechano-sensory hair cells (HCs) and their innervating neurons, the spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), which are responsible for transmitting auditory information from the HCs in the organ of Corti to the cochlear nucleus in the brainstem. (biomedcentral.com)
Using exogenous stem cells to replace lost inner ear neurons is a potential strategy if stem cell-derived neurons can form central and peripheral connections, form synapses on hair cells and cochlear nucleus neurons, and re-establish functional and tonotopic circuits [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We address these potential limitations by adopting the technique of blastocyst complementation (BC) to generate inner ear neurons from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (biomedcentral.com)
Activation of GABA neurons suppressed neuronal responses in the neocortex to a forthcoming auditory stimulus in mice of both sexes. (bvsalud.org)

Two apparent subtypes of spiral ganglion cells exist. (wikipedia.org)
Type I spiral ganglion cells comprise the vast majority of spiral ganglion cells (90-95% in cats and 88% in humans), and exclusively innervate the inner hair cells. (wikipedia.org)
Type II spiral ganglion cells make up the remainder. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, outer hair cells form reciprocal synapses onto Type II spiral ganglion cells, suggesting that the Type II cells have both afferent and efferent roles. (wikipedia.org)
The fibers of the cochlear nerve originate from an aggregation of nerve cell bodies in the spiral ganglion, located in the modiolus of the cochlea. (medscape.com)
They extend radially from the spiral ganglion to the habenula perforata, a series of tiny holes beneath the inner hair cells. (medscape.com)

The spiral (cochlear) ganglion is a group of neuron cell bodies in the modiolus, the conical central axis of the cochlea. (wikipedia.org)
In fact, a team of researchers has recently used new findings from research on development of the inner ear to induce a few new cells in the guinea pig cochlea to become hair cells again proving that hair cell regeneration will be possible. (hearingreview.com)
The good news is that, for the first time in history, there are teams of investigators worldwide exploring the possibility that hair cell regeneration can be induced in the mammal and human cochlea. (hearingreview.com)
Macromolecular and electrical coupling between inner hair cells in the rodent cochlea. (mpg.de)
Truncated abstract] The mammalian cochlea receives an efferent innervation which originates in the superior olive. (edu.au)
Therefore, we attempted to investigate the effects of putative dopamine depletion of the cochlea and found that application of the dopaminergic neurotoxin MPTP causes changes in both neural and hair cell responses which have not been reported before. (edu.au)
NGS of RNA from inner ear sensory epithelial cells led to the identification of 455 miRNAs in both cochlear and vestibular sensory epithelium, with 30 and 44 miRNAs found in only cochlea or vestibule, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
Clonal Expansion of Lgr5-Positive Cells from Mammalian Cochlea and High-Purity Generation of Sensory Hair Cells. (otostem.org)
Distinct capacity for differentiation to inner ear cell types by progenitor cells of the cochlea and vestibular organs. (otostem.org)
The origin of this high-rate activity is found in the cochlea, where inner hair cells (IHCs) transduce mechanical stimuli into receptor potentials, followed by faithful and indefatigable transmitter release at their ribbon synapses. (biomedcentral.com)
With his students, he also elucidated the innervation patterns and synaptic organization of the cochlea using both the rapid Golgi method and electron microscopy. (aro.org)

1992). The Mammalian Auditory Pathway: Neuroanatomy. (wikipedia.org)
Graded optogenetic activation of the auditory pathway for hearing restoration. (mpg.de)
Multichannel optogenetic stimulation of the auditory pathway using microfabricated LED cochlear implants in rodents. (mpg.de)
This article discusses the anatomy of the auditory pathway (see the following images), as well as a few physiologic considerations and clinical applications. (medscape.com)
Illustration of the auditory reflex pathway. (medscape.com)
Prior to describing the recent identification of clock systems in the auditory pathway, we will review general aspects of the structure and function of the mammalian circadian system. (entokey.com)

Via positional cloning, we show that mutations in a zebrafish LTCC encoding gene, cav1.3a , underlie the auditory-vestibular defects of gemini ( gem ) circler mutants. (jneurosci.org)
The peripheral segments of the cochlear and vestibular nerves join at the lateral part of the internal auditory canal (IAC) to form the vestibulocochlear nerve. (medscape.com)
This circuitry starts with the vestibular system: a sensory system in the inner ear that relies on hair cells to detect movements, and to provide our sense of balance and spatial awareness. (elifesciences.org)
A comprehensive identification of miRNAs in the sensory epithelia and their gene targets will enable pathways of auditory and vestibular function to be defined. (biomedcentral.com)
Neurosensory Differentiation and Innervation Patterning in the Human Fetal Vestibular End Organs between the Gestational Weeks 8-12. (otostem.org)

He applied the rapid Golgi method and in subsequent years combined his Golgi studies with electron microscopy and silver degeneration to perform in-depth analyses of the neuronal architecture and synaptic organization of the major components of ascending auditory systems in the brainstem, including the dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei, medial nucleus of the trapezoid body, inferior colliculus, and medial geniculate body. (aro.org)
Localizing sound in the horizontal plane is achieved by processing in the medullary nuclei of the auditory system. (usk.ac.id)
In this study, we gonadectomized non-reproductive females, implanted them with estradiol (E2) or testosterone (T), and measured TH immunoreactive (TH-ir) fibers in auditory nuclei where catecholaminergic innervation was previously shown to be seasonally plastic. (nsf.gov)

Piccolino is required for ribbon architecture at cochlear inner hair cell synapses and for hearing. (mpg.de)
The primary afferents (red) form synapses with a type of unipolar brush cell (UBC) called an ON UBC, whereas secondary afferents form synapses with both ON UBCs (dark blue) and OFF UBCs (light blue). (elifesciences.org)
UBCs form synapses with granule cells (grey), which in turn make contact with Purkinje cells (dark blue), which convey motor responses to the rest of the body. (elifesciences.org)
A single mossy fiber can activate hundreds of granule cells which, in turn, form synapses with the dendrites of Purkinje cells. (elifesciences.org)

In this study, we used Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) to identify the most prominent miRNAs in the inner ear and to define miRNA-target pairs that form pathways crucial for the function of the sensory epithelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The results provide further support of the essential regulatory role of miRNAs in inner ear sensory epithelia and in regulating pathways that define development and growth of these cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The inferior colliculus occupies a central position in ascending and descending auditory pathways. (omeka.net)

This work set the stage for physiologists to investigate central auditory signal processing at the cellular level of analysis that was the envy of other sensory system scientists. (aro.org)

Using patterns of axonal degeneration, he documented that peripheral auditory lesions lead to synaptic degeneration in the brain. (aro.org)
Female plainfin midshipman fish (Porichthys notatus) undergo increased peripheral auditory sensitivity in time for the summer breeding season, improving their ability to detect mates, which is regulated by steroid hormones. (nsf.gov)
These T-treatment induced changes in TH-ir fibers mimic the seasonal downregulation of dopamine in the midshipman inner ear and provide evidence that steroid hormone regulation of peripheral auditory sensitivity is mediated, in part, by dopamine. (nsf.gov)

Their dendrites make synaptic contact with the base of hair cells, and their axons are bundled together to form the auditory portion of eighth cranial nerve. (wikipedia.org)
The rudiment of the cochlear nerve appears about the end of the third week as a group of ganglion cells closely applied to the cephalic edge of the auditory vesicle. (wikipedia.org)
However, supporting Schwann and satellite cells, as in all cranial ganglia, are entirely of neural crest origin, apparently arising from the ganglion of the facial nerve (see the image below). (medscape.com)
In contrast, all the supporting and Schwann cells are derived from neural crest cells, possibly from the VIIth nerve ganglion to which the vestibulocochlear ganglion is initially attached. (medscape.com)
The longer central fibers, also called the primary auditory fibers, form the cochlear nerve, and the shorter, peripheral fibers extend to the bases of the inner and outer hair cells. (medscape.com)
Sympathetic ganglia comprises the thousands of afferent and efferent nerve cell bodies that run along either side of the spinal cord, connecting major organ systems, such as the renal system, to the spinal cord and brain. (nih.gov)
ABBR: AN Hearing loss that results from nerve damage or impaired nervous system processing of normal signals received from sensory hair cells in the Organ of Corti. (unboundmedicine.com)
Auditory nerve fiber differences in the normal and neurofilament deficient Japanese quail. (omeka.net)

Known collectively as the olivocochlear system, this efferent innervation can be divided into lateral and medial systems. (edu.au)

He is often regarded as the father of modern auditory neuroanatomy, following in the footsteps of his muse Santiago Ramón y Cajal in exploiting the Golgi method, while also being the first to apply systematic electron microscopic analysis to studies of the auditory system. (aro.org)

Deafness mutations that disrupt hair cell mechanotransduction and glutamatergic communications from hair cells to SGNs disrupt this SGN subtype specification. (hopkinsyidp.org)

the dendritic arbor, the cell body, and the axon. (nih.gov)

The "mouth" of the internal auditory canal (IAC) is called the porus acusticus. (medscape.com)
The design of the ear's lobes make it perfect to collect waves and funnel them to the eardrum, which is also known as the tympanic membrane, via the external auditory canal. (mskneurology.no)
The external auditory canal is an approximately one inch long tubular structure that the sound waves travel through, ultimately hitting the eardrum and causing its vibration. (mskneurology.no)
When they contract, vibration and thus also sound is dampened, which should occur when loud sounds enter the auditory canal (i.e the acoustic reflex). (mskneurology.no)
The outer ear comprises the ear cartilage, the auricle , the earlobe and the external auditory canal or also the ear canal and the outside of the eardrum. (zxc.wiki)
In the auditory canal, auricle and/or area of the pain, with or without superimposed temporary paroxysms, mastoid course of infection home remedy [url=https://www.admissionpossible.com/order-online/Cefixime/]generic 100 mg cefixime with visa[/url]. (ehd.org)

These three subtypes exhibit distinct innervation patterns and spontaneous firing rates. (hopkinsyidp.org)

UBCs essentially create an intermediate step in the circuitry, where signals sent between mossy fibers and granule cells can be modified. (elifesciences.org)
Reproductive females also show differences in catecholaminergic innervation of auditory circuitry compared with winter, non-reproductive females as measured by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholaminergic synthesis. (nsf.gov)

We provide the first detailed description of the auditory phenotype in humans with recessive SLITRK6 deficiency. (harvard.edu)
BC is a technique in which deletion of a key gene for the development of a specific lineage creates a vacant niche (organogenesis-disabled phenotype) that can be complemented by the progeny of wild type pluripotent stem cells injected into embryos at the blastocyst stage of development. (biomedcentral.com)

Kent was a pioneer in both auditory and developmental neuroscience. (aro.org)
There, he spearheaded many advances in cellular and systems neuroscience, especially auditory neuroscience. (aro.org)

These findings suggest neurobiological mechanisms behind auditory injuries in our military warfighters and are particularly relevant given tinnitus is not only a primary disability among veterans, but has also been demonstrated in active duty medical records for populations exposed to blast in training. (frontiersin.org)
During residency, he undertook a two-year NIH-sponsored research fellowship investigating mechanisms of hair cell degeneration. (stanford.edu)

Hair cell regeneration was not a major topic of research in hearing science until 1986-87. (hearingreview.com)
Hair cell regeneration occurring after hair cells were destroyed. (hearingreview.com)
We and others are working hard to understand the molecular chain of events responsible for hair cell regeneration in species where it occurs. (hearingreview.com)
We have also discovered one gene (and there will be others) that is responsible for turning off the production of hair cells during development and may be involved in preventing regeneration. (hearingreview.com)
From discovery of molecules that could induce regeneration in laboratory animals, it could be as little as another 10 years until we achieve hair cell regeneration in humans. (hearingreview.com)
Supernumerary human hair cells-signs of regeneration or impaired development? (otostem.org)
In parallel, his research program focuses on inner ear hair cell development and regeneration. (stanford.edu)

However, the frequency ranges for which the auditory system can use ITDs and ILDs significantly overlap, and most natural sounds will have both high and low frequency components, so that the auditory system will in most cases have to combine information from both ITDs and ILDs to judge the location of a sound source. (wikipedia.org)
Flexible auditory training, psychophysics, and enrichment of common marmosets with an automated, touchscreen-based system. (mpg.de)
Detection of single mRNAs in individual cells of the auditory system. (omeka.net)
Kent's interest in the auditory system emerged during his fellowship years in the Rasmussen laboratory. (aro.org)
His most recent immunocytochemical studies on the auditory system included defining the expression of potassium and sodium channel subunits that change following deafferentation. (aro.org)
Plasticity in the auditory and olfactory systems has been well-documented, however, fewer studies have tested for plasticity in the visual system, a surprising detail since courtship and mate choice are largely dependent on visual signals across taxa. (nsf.gov)

gem homozygous receptor mutant HCs display normal cell viability, afferent synaptogenesis, and peripheral innervation, yet exhibit strongly reduced extracellular potentials (∼50% of wild-type potentials). (jneurosci.org)

Our results suggest that Slit/Robo signaling imposes a restriction force on SGNs to ensure their precise positioning for correct SGN-HC innervations. (edu.sa)
In Ulrich Mueller's lab , I demonstrated that type I SGNs consist of three molecularly distinct subtypes (named type IA, type IB and type IC), using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq). (hopkinsyidp.org)

Homozygous SLITRK6 c.1240C>T (p.Gln414Ter) nonsense mutations are associated with high myopia, cochlear dysfunction attributed to outer hair cell disease, and progressive auditory neuropathy. (harvard.edu)

Importantly, catecholaminergic input to the inner ear from a dopaminergic-specific forebrain nucleus is decreased in the summer and dopamine inhibits the sensitivity of the inner ear, suggesting that gonadal steroids may alter auditory sensitivity by regulating dopamine innervation. (nsf.gov)

L-type Ca 2+ channels (LTCCs) drive the bulk of voltage-gated Ca 2+ entry in vertebrate inner ear hair cells (HCs) and are essential for mammalian auditory processing. (jneurosci.org)

They are bipolar cells, because they have 2 sets of processes, or fibers, that extend from opposite ends of the cell bodies. (medscape.com)
Only about 30,000 of these fibers exist, and the greater number of them-about 95%-innervate the inner hair cells. (medscape.com)
These primary auditory fibers exit the modiolus through the internal meatus and enter the medulla oblongata. (medscape.com)

Cochlear hair cell innervation is dependent on a modulatory function of Semaphorin-3A. (mpg.de)
Molecular characterization and prospective isolation of human fetal cochlear hair cell progenitors. (otostem.org)

BC is the only current method for making fully functional, three-dimensional organs from pluripotent cells and generating human organs in large mammalian hosts may be able to address the critical worldwide problem of organ shortages for transplantation [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The cone-shaped sensilla in the scape organ as well as nearby peg-shaped sensilla are composed of three biciliated receptor cells and three sheath cells. (biomedcentral.com)

At day 1 post intranasal application, the TLR4 agonist significantly affected MVA-induced activation of dendritic cells (DCs) within the draining bronchial lymph nodes, increasing the ratio of CD11b+CD86+ to CD103+CD86+ DCs. (bvsalud.org)
Receptor cell type 1 (two cells in cone-shaped sensilla, one cell in peg-shaped sensilla) possesses two long dendritic outer segments that project to the terminal pore. (biomedcentral.com)
Receptor cell type 2 (one cell in both sensilla) possesses two shorter dendritic outer segments connected to the first (proximal) sheath cell that establishes a scolopale-like structure, documented for the first time in detail in a myriapod sensillum. (biomedcentral.com)
The nearly identical configuration of receptor cells 1 with their long dendritic outer segments in both sensilla is similar to hexapod hygroreceptors. (biomedcentral.com)
The interconnection of receptor cell 2 with short outer dendritic segments to a scolopale-like structure potentially suits both sensilla for vibration or strain detection. (biomedcentral.com)

CONCLUSION: The presence of olfactory nerves and supporting cells and the gaps between them in the olfactory epithelial tissues may have contributed to the higher permeation of atenolol, but this needs to be further investigated to elucidate the precise mechanism. (bvsalud.org)

They innervate the outer hair cells, with each Type II neuron sampling many (15-20) outer hair cells. (wikipedia.org)
The remainder cross the tunnel of Corti to innervate the outer hair cells. (medscape.com)

The suppression of the cochlear microphonic suggests that dopamine receptor influence is not confined to the primary afferent dendrite may also include the active process of the outer hair cells. (edu.au)

A large scale hearing loss screen reveals an extensive unexplored genetic landscape for auditory dysfunction. (mousephenotype.org)
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An earlier study by Santi and colleagues [ 25 ] reported an ECM coat made up of glycoconjugates at the endolymphatic surface of hair cells but specific molecules have not been identified. (biomedcentral.com)

Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were dys-synchronised bilaterally with no reproducible waves I, III, or V at high intensities. (harvard.edu)

This is mediated by autonomic innervation, humoral signals, hormones, and the regulation of body temperature and feeding. (entokey.com)
The development, cell fate, patterning, and innervation of both the sensory and nonsensory regions of the inner ear are governed by tight regulation involving, among others, transcription factors and microRNAs (miRNAs). (biomedcentral.com)

The current data support previous findings and recapitulate transcriptional regulatory alterations in genes involved in sleep, auditory function, and pain. (frontiersin.org)
This work validates the use of blastocyst complementation as a tool to create novel insight into the function of developmental genes and highlights blastocyst complementation as a potential platform for generating chimeric inner ear cell types that can be transplanted into damaged inner ears to improve hearing. (biomedcentral.com)

Response data from the Auditory Brain Stem response (ABR) test was used - hearing at five frequencies, 6kHz, 12kHz, 18kHz, 24kHz and 30kHz was measured. (mousephenotype.org)

Mutations in transcription factors in cells from the embryonic neural crest, esp. (mhmedical.com)
The effect of pulsed electric fields on the electrotactic migration of human neural progenitor cells through the involvement of intracellular calcium signaling. (otostem.org)

Organogenesis is a complex developmental process requiring hierarchical cell and tissue differentiation, coordinated in time and space in response to changes in local and distant signaling cues. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy86

Organisms21

Diseases15

Chemicals and Drugs67

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment23

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes39

Disciplines and Occupations3

Information Science1

Health Care1

Neurons24

Spiral ganglion6

Cochlea11

Pathway6

Vestibular5

Nuclei3

Synapses4

Pathways3

Central auditory1

Peripheral auditory3

Nerve8

Efferent1

Neuroanatomy1

Mechanotransduction1

Axon1

Canal6

Spontaneous1

Circuitry2

Phenotype2

Neuroscience2

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Regeneration7

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Potentials1

SGNs2

Neuropathy1

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Vertebrate1

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Cochlear hair2

Organ2

Dendritic5

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Innervate2

Outer hair cells1

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