Hormones are recognised by either cell surface receptors (modified amino acids, peptides, proteins) or cytoplasmic/nuclear receptors (steroids). (edu.au)
In biology and biochemistry, calcium is the substance most often studied, so it is significant that researchers still speak of a calcium paradox. (raypeat.com)
Blocker2
Ziconotide acts as a selective N-type voltage-gated calcium channel blocker. (wikipedia.org)
It is the basic protective calcium blocker. (raypeat.com)
Deficiency3
Eight years later, Gull related dry skin, sparse hair, puffiness of the face and hands, and a swollen tongue to myxedema, the pathological deficiency of thyroid function in adults (goiter). (medscape.com)
Magnesium deficiency and calcium deficiency have some similar symptoms (such as cramping), but magnesium is antagonistic to calcium in many systems. (raypeat.com)
Protein deficiency is an important cause of deranged calcium metabolism. (raypeat.com)
Inflammation2
Genomic actions involve the regulation of target genes, and suppress most of the vascular elements of inflammation and angiogenesis in the airway. (ersjournals.com)
Inflammation leads to excessive uptake of calcium by cells, and is a factor in obesity, depression, and the degenerative diseases. (raypeat.com)
Ions1
Magnesium and potassium are mainly intracellular ions, sodium and calcium are mainly extracellular ions. (raypeat.com)
Involve1
But there are ways of looking at the organism, focusing on energy metabolism, that dont involve the ad hoc theory of calcium pumps, and that make it easy to keep things in context. (raypeat.com)
Thyroid2
Near the thyroid are 4 tiny pea-shaped organs, the parathyroids, that secrete parathormone to control and balance the levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood and tissue fluids. (medscape.com)
In 1871, Hilton-Fagge related the cretinoid state to a congenital inadequacy of thyroid function in early childhood. (medscape.com)
Release1
Opioids can enhance and inhibit the electrically evoked release of methionine-enkephalin. (shengsci.com)
Role1
The presence of oxytocin and vasopressin binding sites in limbic and autonomic areas suggests a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator role for these peptides in the human central nervous system. (shengsci.com)
Form2
Derived from Conus magus, a cone snail, it is the synthetic form of an ω-conotoxin peptide. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, the health insurances and healthcare providers face unbelievable financial burdens, not only directly from the treatment of pain but also indirectly in the form of pain-related loss of work and consequential illnesses such as depression. (pemf.com.my)
Levels1
It is the target of various regulatory mechanisms of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis , such as being inhibited by increased estrogen levels in the body. (wikidoc.org)
Blood1
The major structural and functional changes related to the airway circulation include the proliferation of blood vessels (angiogenesis) 2 - 4 , increased blood flow 5 , 6 , increased microvascular permeability 7 , 8 , and oedema formation in the airway wall 9 . (ersjournals.com)
Pain1
Persons suffering from arthritis, bursitis, scleroderma, hardening of the arteries and any abnormality where calcium deposits or spurs may cause pain are often afraid to eat foods rich in calcium. (raypeat.com)
Cells5
T3 enters the nucleus of the target cells and binds to specific receptors, which activate specific genes. (nationalacademies.org)
if an organ such as the heart is deprived of calcium for a short time, its cells lose their ability to respond normally to calcium, and instead they take up a large, toxic amount of calcium. (raypeat.com)
When cells are excited, stressed, or de-energized, they lose magnesium and potassium, and take up sodium and calcium. (raypeat.com)
The mitochondria can bind a certain amount of calcium during stress, but accumulating calcium can reach a point at which it inactivates the mitochondria, forcing cells to increase their inefficient glycolytic energy production, producing an excess of lactic acid. (raypeat.com)
When cells are stressed or dying, they take up calcium, which tends to excite the cells at the same time that it inhibits their energy production, intensifying their stress. (raypeat.com)
Expression3
A metabolomic study of brain tissues from aged mice with low expression of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) gene. (neurotree.org)
Differential gene expression in the striatum of mice with very low expression of the vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 gene. (neurotree.org)
The expression of the immediate-early gene c-fos was used as a marker of neuronal activity to investigate the cervical spinal interneuron populations involved in the corticomotoneuronal pathway. (shengsci.com)
Introduction1
Since the introduction of routine serum calcium measurement in the 1970s, this disorder has become one of the most common endocrine diseases in the world ( 2 ). (snmjournals.org)
As with other bisphosphonates, risedronate inhibits osteoclast formation and activity. (medscape.com)
Osteoblasts also secrete protein that strongly inhibits osteoclast formation called osteoprotegerin (OPG, also known as OCIF), which acts as a decoy receptor for the RANKL thus inhibiting the positive signal between osteoclasts and osteoblasts via RANK and RANKL. (justia.com)
Bone10
5. Calcitonin (but not calcitonin gene-related peptide) increases mouse bone cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, and increases mouse bone formation, alone and in combination with fluoride. (nih.gov)
Bisphosphonates have a high affinity for hydroxyapatite crystals, and by binding at sites of active bone resorption, these agents can inhibit osteoclastic resorption. (medscape.com)
Alendronate inhibits osteoclast activity and bone resorption. (medscape.com)
By binding to calcium salts, alendronate blocks the transformation of calcium phosphate into hydroxyapatite and inhibits the formation, aggregation, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals in bone. (medscape.com)
Calcitonin is used for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women more than 5 years post menopause with low bone mass relative to healthy premenopausal females. (medscape.com)
Use of calcitonin-salmon injection is recommended in conjunction with adequate calcium and vitamin D intake to prevent the progressive loss of bone mass. (medscape.com)
It inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption and has some analgesic effects in patients with fractures. (medscape.com)
This invention relates to methods for preventing and treating cancer metastasis and bone loss associated with cancer metastasis by administering M-CSF antagonist to a mammal. (justia.com)
In these forms, osteoporosis could be related to 1) failure to achieve optimal PBM in adolescence, 2) excessive resorption of bone, or 3) failure to adequately replace the resorbed bone through a bone formation deficit. (biomedcentral.com)
Phosphate1
14. Specific activity of skeletal alkaline phosphatase in human osteoblast-line cells regulated by phosphate, phosphate esters, and phosphate analogs and release of alkaline phosphatase activity inversely regulated by calcium. (nih.gov)
Proliferation1
The major structural and functional changes related to the airway circulation include the proliferation of blood vessels (angiogenesis) 2 - 4 , increased blood flow 5 , 6 , increased microvascular permeability 7 , 8 , and oedema formation in the airway wall 9 . (ersjournals.com)
Protein1
For instance, an ELP composition may comprise an ELP domain covalently linked to a small molecule or an ELP linked to a therapeutic polypeptide by a peptide bond (i.e. an ELP fusion protein). (justia.com)
Increases3
1. Calcitonin acutely increases net 45Ca uptake and alters alkaline phosphatase specific activity in human osteosarcoma cells. (nih.gov)
3. Calcitonin increases the concentration of insulin-like growth factors in serum-free cultures of human osteoblast-line cells. (nih.gov)
6. Calcitonin acutely increases tyrosyl-phosphorylation of proteins in human osteosarcoma (SaOS-2) cells. (nih.gov)
Amino1
Ziconotide is a peptide with the amino acid sequence H-Cys-Lys-Gly-Lys-Gly-Ala-Lys-Cys-Ser-Arg-Leu-Met-Tyr-Asp-Cys-Cys-Thr-Gly-Ser-Cys-Arg-Ser-Gly-Lys-Cys-NH2 (CKGKGAKCSRLMYDCCTGSCRSGKC-NH2) and contains 3 disulfide bonds (Cys1-Cys16, Cys8-Cys20, and Cys15-Cys25). (wikipedia.org)
Migraine5
Migraine-related pain is a major cause of its accompanying disability and can encumber almost every aspect of daily life. (biomedcentral.com)
Advancements in our understanding of the neurobiology of migraine headache have come in large from basic science research utilizing small animal models of migraine-related pain. (biomedcentral.com)
We will discuss the diverse array of methodologies for triggering and measuring migraine-related pain phenotypes and highlight briefly specific advantages and limitations therein. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, we will address potential future challenges/opportunities to refine existing and develop novel preclinical models of migraine that move beyond migraine-related pain and expand into alternate migraine-related phenotypes. (biomedcentral.com)
To that end, advancements in the neurobiology of migraine headache have come, in large part, from basic science research utilizing small animal models of migraine-related pain [ 6 , 7 ] (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
Synthetic1
Derived from Conus magus, a cone snail, it is the synthetic form of an ω-conotoxin peptide. (wikipedia.org)
Regulation1
Genomic actions involve the regulation of target genes, and suppress most of the vascular elements of inflammation and angiogenesis in the airway. (ersjournals.com)
Effects2
10. Calcitonin has direct effects on 3[H]-thymidine incorporation and alkaline phosphatase activity in human osteoblast-line cells. (nih.gov)
20. Effects of calcitonin on 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate and calcium second messenger generation and osteoblast function in UMR 106-06 osteoblast-like cells. (nih.gov)
Activity2
A metabolite of estradiol that lacks estrogenic activity and inhibits TUBULIN polymerization. (nih.gov)
HN - 2019 (1979) MH - 2-Methoxyestradiol UI - D000077584 MN - D4.210.500.365.415.248.830 MN - D6.472.334.851.437.500.750 MS - A metabolite of estradiol that lacks estrogenic activity and inhibits TUBULIN polymerization. (nih.gov)
Expression1
They function as hormone-activated transcription factors and thereby act by modulating gene expression. (medmuv.com)
Specific1
T3 enters the nucleus of the target cells and binds to specific receptors, which activate specific genes. (nationalacademies.org)
Composition1
Genetically engineered biopolymers show great promise as macromolecule, gene and drug carriers due to genetic control of composition and monodispersity. (justia.com)
Methods1
Compositions and methods for ELP gene therapy are provided. (justia.com)
Human2
A Fab fragment of the chimeric monoclonal antibody 7E3 that binds to the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa receptor of human platelets, and blocks PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX, potently inhibiting PLATELET AGGREGATION. (nih.gov)
acid readers IN HUMAN NUTRITION COURSE DESCRIPTIONS 2014-2015 The area reference is the original ulcer peptides for the 2014-2015 main record. (wise-biz.net)
Show1
Although no research data support the idea that the use of intranasal calcitonin reduces the incidence of fractures, studies do show an increase in BMD with the use of calcitonin. (medscape.com)
Acts1
Ziconotide acts as a selective N-type voltage-gated calcium channel blocker. (wikipedia.org)
Patients1
Calcitonin-salmon injection should be reserved for patients who refuse or cannot tolerate bisphosphonatse or in whom bisphosphonates are contraindicated. (medscape.com)