Inhibitory olfactory receptor neurons. Medical search. Frequent questions

We showed that our description allows the explicit identification of the groups of inhibitory interneurons in the insect AL that switch, during odor stimulation, between activity and quiescence to provide transiently synchronized response of the PNs. (biomedcentral.com)
A given M/T cell receives excitatory input from a single 'parent' glomerulus through its primary dendrite, and makes lateral connections with several types of inhibitory interneurons. (harvard.edu)
These glomeruli contain and share excitatory and inhibitory local interneurons and mainly excitatory principal neurons. (nih.gov)
Key components of the olfactory network in the antennal lobe are two main types of neurons: local interneurons and projection neurons (output neurons). (cmmc-uni-koeln.de)
We use paired whole-cell patch-clamp recordings to characterize synaptic interactions between cholinergic uniglomerular projection neurons (uPNs) and GABAergic local interneurons (LNs), both of which are key components of the insect olfactory system. (cmmc-uni-koeln.de)
Three distinct subtypes of inhibitory interneurons, parvalbumin (PV), somatostatin (SOM), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) expressing cells, have been identified as key players of flexibly modulating network activity. (smb.org)
Anatomical investigations revealed that CB1 receptors are highly expressed on aPC GABAergic interneurons, and ex vivo electrophysiological recordings showed that their pharmacological activation reduces miniature inhibitory currents (mIPSCs) onto aPC semilunar (SL), but not pyramidal principal neurons. (bordeaux-neurocampus.fr)

The cells often have multiple primary dendrites innervating different glomeruli and they are sometimes called simply projection neurons, to indicate that they are the main neural element which project outside the olfactory bulb. (wikipedia.org)
In the second project with Lubomir Kostal we focus on the information metabolic efficiency of neurons and neural networks. (tomasbarta.cz)
The computations performed by a neural system such as the olfactory bulb are constrained by its architecture. (harvard.edu)
As a neural circuit, the olfactory bulb has one source of sensory input (axons from olfactory receptor neurons of the olfactory epithelium), and one output (mitral cell axons). (wikidoc.org)
Within the neural stem cell niche of the mouse olfactory epithelium, we identified a combination of extracellular matrix (ECM) receptors that regulate adhesion and mitosis in non-neural stem cells [intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), β 1 , β 4 , and α-1, -3, and -6 integrins] and on horizontal basal cells (HBCs), candidate olfactory neuro-epithelial progenitors. (syr.edu)
HBCs thus possess a conserved adhesion receptor expression profile similar to non-neural stem cells, preferential self-replication in an in vitro environment mimicking their in vivo niche, and contain subpopulations of cells that can produce multiple differentiated neuronal and glial progeny from within and beyond the olfactory system in vitro. (syr.edu)
We performed gain and loss of function studies for leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and showed a depletion of NSCs, a subset of multipotential neural precursors and immature oligodendrocytes in LIF null mice. (karger.com)
Virtually all of the neurons and glia that populate the mature brain arise from neural precursors (NPs) that reside immediately adjacent to the lateral ventricles. (karger.com)
The processing of olfactory signals in the central nervous system occurs through highly interconnected neural networks. (cmmc-uni-koeln.de)
The researchers will focus on topics that range from analyzing circuit mechanisms of neuron spike dynamics and variability, network connectivity, neural oscillations and other spatiotemporal patterns of activity. (smb.org)
i.e. inspiration vs. exhalation, in a model of the nasal cavity, and connect these findings to our earlier work on directional selectivity in neural network models of the olfactory bulb (Craft et al. (smb.org)
The P450 enzyme system is also important in detoxifying the olfactory neural environment. (royalpitch.com)

The bulb is divided into two distinct structures, the main olfactory bulb, and the accessory olfactory bulb. (wikidoc.org)
The main olfactory bulb has a multi-layered cellular architecture. (wikidoc.org)
The accessory olfactory bulb, which resides on the dorsal-posterior region of the main olfactory bulb, forms a parallel pathway independent from the main olfactory bulb. (wikidoc.org)
Like the main olfactory bulb, axonal input to the accessory olfactory bulb forms synapses with mitral cells within glomeruli. (wikidoc.org)
Aijón, J. (1997) Calretinin- and parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons in the rat main olfactory bulb do not express NADPH-diaphorase activity. (uv.es)

They receive information from the axons of olfactory receptor neurons, forming synapses in neuropils called glomeruli. (wikipedia.org)
The synapses made by external tufted cells and olfactory sensory neurons are excitatory, whereas those of granule cells and periglomerular neurons are inhibitory. (wikipedia.org)
Proximal synapses arise from piriform cortical neurons and facilitate with paired-pulse stimulation, whereas distal dendrodendritic synapses generate EPSCs with slower kinetics that depress with paired stimulation. (jneurosci.org)
Proximal cortical feedback inputs can relieve the tonic Mg block of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) at distal synapses and gate dendrodendritic inhibition onto mitral cells. (jneurosci.org)
Most excitatory synapses we examined onto granule cells activated both NMDARs and AMPA receptors, whereas a subpopulation appeared to be NMDAR silent. (jneurosci.org)
Tetanic stimulation of axons in the granule cell layer (GCL) not only activates granule cells but also relieves the Mg blockade of NMDA receptors at distal dendrodendritic synapses ( Halabisky and Strowbridge, 2003 ). (jneurosci.org)
Prüss H, Kirmse K (2018) Pathogenetic role of autoantibodies against inhibitory synapses. (uniklinikum-jena.de)
2 I see it as the enhanced synapses' having less resistance to passage of electrochemical neuronal circuits, so that signals take the path of least resistance from one neuron to another. (natural-universe.net)
The superior cervical ganglion, a section of which is shown here, is a part of the sympathetic nervous system in which neurons originating in the spinal cord form synapses with neurons that innervate the heart, head, and neck, and control responses such as heart rate and pupil dilation. (nih.gov)

All sensory axons expressing a particular receptor then converge on ~2 glomeruli in each hemisphere of the olfactory bulb. (harvard.edu)
Progress in understanding the circuitry and information processing in the olfactory system has been hampered, in part, due to imperfect control of odor stimuli and the difficulty in stimulating arbitrary combinations of glomeruli at will. (harvard.edu)
A further complicating factor is the poorly understood topography of sensory inputs to the olfactory bulb - neighboring glomeruli can often be functionally dissimilar. (harvard.edu)
Therefore, we generated transgenic mouse lines that express a light-activated ion channel channelrhodopsin (ChR2) specifically in olfactory sensory neurons, rendering the input layer of the olfactory bulb (glomeruli) optically excitable. (harvard.edu)
The receptor neurons project brain-ward, sorting by receptor type, and converging upon relatively small numbers of inter-connected glomeruli. (nih.gov)
The ends of the axons cluster in spherical structures known as glomeruli such that each glomerulus receives input primarily from olfactory receptor neurons that express the same olfactory receptor . (wikidoc.org)
Glomeruli are also permeated by dendrites from neurons called mitral cells , which in turn output to the olfactory cortex . (wikidoc.org)
Numerous interneuron types exist in the olfactory bulb including periglomerular cells which synapse within and between glomeruli, and granule cells which synapse with mitral cells. (wikidoc.org)
Computational modeling suggests that response properties rather than spatial position determine connectivity between olfactory glomeruli. (mpg.de)
Alonso J.R. (1996) Segregated distribution of nitric oxide synthase-positive cells in the periglomerular region of typical and atypical olfactory glomeruli. (uv.es)
Aijón, J. (1997) Calcium-binding proteins in the periglomerular region of typical and atypical olfactory glomeruli. (uv.es)
Aijón, J. (1997) Segregated distribution of TH-immunoreactivity in olfactory glomeruli. (uv.es)

Although mechanisms operating at the level of single sensory neuron types or sensilla in the periphery have also been implicated in this process [ 14 - 21 ], the contributions of sensory neurons to mediating odorant discrimination and olfactory behavioral plasticity are not fully understood. (plos.org)
Activity-dependent plasticity in an olfactory circuit. (mpg.de)
Lukas M, Holthoff K, Egger V (2018) Long-Term Plasticity at the Mitral and Tufted Cell to Granule Cell Synapse of the Olfactory Bulb Investigated with a Custom Multielectrode in Acute Brain Slice Preparation. (uniklinikum-jena.de)
Experience-dependent plasticity in the olfactory system of Drosophila melanogaster and other insects. (mpg.de)

They are located in the olfactory bulb in the mammalian central nervous system. (wikipedia.org)

A conserved dedicated olfactory circuit for detecting harmful microbes in Drosophila. (mpg.de)
Towards plant-odor-related olfactory neuroethology in Drosophila. (mpg.de)
Atypical membrane topology and heteromeric function of Drosophila odorant receptors in vivo. (mpg.de)
Visualization of olfactory information in projection neurons using genetically expressed cameleon in Drosophila melanogaster. (mpg.de)
Higher-order olfactory neurons in the lateral horn support odor valence and odor identity coding in Drosophila. (mpg.de)
Shedding light on inter-individual variability of olfactory circuits in Drosophila. (mpg.de)
Aversive bimodal associations differently impact visual and olfactory memory performance in Drosophila. (mpg.de)
Olfactory processing in the lateral horn of Drosophila. (mpg.de)
Odor-induced multi-level inhibitory maps in Drosophila. (mpg.de)
Third-order neurons in the lateral horn enhance bilateral contrast of odor inputs through contralateral inhibition in Drosophila. (mpg.de)

2022. Stimulus duration encoding occurs early in the moth olfactory pathway. (tomasbarta.cz)
We characterized an olfactory-processing pathway, comprised of inhibitory projection neurons (iPNs) that target the LH exclusively, at morphological, functional and behavioral levels. (elifesciences.org)
Mate discrimination among subspecies through a conserved olfactory pathway. (mpg.de)

In the insect, olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) synapse onto a smaller group of excitatory projection neurons (PNs) and inhibitory local neurons (LNs) in the antennal lobe (AL). (biomedcentral.com)
Transmission of a signal to another neuron across a synapse occurs via chemical transmitter. (medscape.com)

We further found that feedback inhibition provided by the giant GABAergic neuron (GGN) is sufficient to maintain sparse but varied excitation in the KCs across range of odor concentrations. (biomedcentral.com)
Inhibition generated by granule cells, the most common GABAergic cell type in the olfactory bulb, plays a critical role in shaping the output of the olfactory bulb. (jneurosci.org)
The convergence of two types of excitatory inputs onto GABAergic granule cells provides a novel mechanism for regulating the degree of interglomerular processing of sensory input in the olfactory bulb through piriform cortex/olfactory bulb synaptic interactions. (jneurosci.org)
Overall, our studies aim to provide a detailed functional understanding of the synaptic connections between inhibitory GABAergic type I LNs and excitatory cholinergic uPNs and pairs of type I LNs. (cmmc-uni-koeln.de)

The olfactory bulb is supported and protected by the cribriform plate which in mammals, separates it from the olfactory epithelium , and which is perforated by olfactory nerve axons. (wikidoc.org)
It receives axonal input from the vomeronasal organ , a distinct sensory epithelium from the main olfactory epithelium that detects pheremones, among other chemical stimuli. (wikidoc.org)
level in olfactory epithelium is the most appropriate internal dose measure for use in risk assessment for this endpoint. (cdc.gov)

The odor information is then transferred to the mushroom body (MB), a structure analogous to the olfactory cortex and where olfactory memories are formed. (biomedcentral.com)
The anterior piriform cortex (aPC) is the largest part of the olfactory cortex and it plays important roles in olfactory processing and memory. (bordeaux-neurocampus.fr)
In addition to the olfactory bulb, the olfactory cortex is responsible for processing and recognition of individual odors. (royalpitch.com)
The olfactory cortex processes the sensory input before relaying it to the cortices. (royalpitch.com)

Mitral cells receive excitatory input from olfactory sensory neurons and external tufted cells on their primary dendrites, whereas inhibitory input arises either from granule cells onto their lateral dendrites and soma or from periglomerular cells onto their dendritic tuft. (wikipedia.org)
Mitral cells receive input from at least four cell types: olfactory sensory neurons, periglomerular neurons, external tufted cells and granule cells. (wikipedia.org)
In vivo recordings, however, suggest that unlike glutamatergic mitral cells, inhibitory granule cells are only weakly activated after sensory stimulation ( Cang and Isaacson, 2003 ). (jneurosci.org)
These results suggest that the proximal excitatory inputs to granule cells may play an important role in gating recurrent and lateral dendrodendritic inhibition (DDI) in the olfactory bulb. (jneurosci.org)

The glomerular layer receives direct input from olfactory nerves, made up of the axons from approximately ten million olfactory receptor neurons in the olfactory mucosa , a region of the nasal cavity . (wikidoc.org)
P1 neurons, a male-specific subset of pC1 neurons, are the mating command-like neurons that receive multimodal input from olfactory, gustatory, and auditory systems (Auer and Benton, 2016). (com.vn)

Role of inhibition for temporal and spatial odor representation in olfactory output neurons: a calcium imaging study. (mpg.de)

2021. Information-metabolically optimal E-I balance in a network of heterogeneous neurons. (tomasbarta.cz)
2021. Inhibitory noise decreases membrane potential fluctuations and may lead to increased firing regularity. (tomasbarta.cz)

In vertebrates, odors are sensed by olfactory sensory neurons (OSN) in the nose, each of which expresses one out of ~1000 odorant receptors. (harvard.edu)
We used these mice to make an exciting discovery about how odors are coded in the olfactory bulb. (harvard.edu)
Through the actions of interglomerular circuitry, principal neurons respond to odors with complex patterns of action potentials. (nih.gov)
Further, spikes from many principal neurons tend to fire together in oscillatory synchrony that is required for precise discrimination of odors. (nih.gov)
The olfactory bulb is a structure of the vertebrate forebrain involved in olfaction , the perception of odors. (wikidoc.org)
Our group focuses on the complex synaptic connectivity between these central olfactory neurons since it ultimately determines the spatial and temporal tuning profile of (output) projection neurons to odors. (cmmc-uni-koeln.de)
Moreover, functional imaging disclosed a LH region tuned to repulsive odors comprised exclusively of third-order neurons. (elifesciences.org)
Other insects, such as honey bees and hawk moths, have olfactory systems with a similar architecture and might also employ a similar spatial approach to encode information regarding the intensity and identity of odors. (elifesciences.org)
The olfactory system has over twelve million receptors, which are responsible for recognizing odors and determining the flavor of foods. (royalpitch.com)

Mitral cells are a neuronal cell type in the mammalian olfactory bulb, distinguished by the position of their somata located in an orderly row in the mitral cell layer of the bulb. (wikipedia.org)
2022. Maximally informative coupling in a balanced excitatory-inhibitory neuronal network. (tomasbarta.cz)
And yet, the olfactory system maps the complex and high-dimensional world of chemical stimuli into unique and reproducible ensembles of neuronal activity. (biomedcentral.com)
Major techniques used for this work include monitoring of hormone levels in the blood by radioimmunoassay, quantification of neuronal activity in specific brain regions by neurochemical and molecular biology techniques, identification of specific populations of neurons in the hypothalamus by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation, and use of transgenic mice to study hormone effects on brain function. (otago.ac.nz)
Furthermore, immunohistochemical analyses of c-Fos expression induced by the capsaicin test revealed that neuronal activity of spinal cord neurons was suppressed by linalool odor exposure, which was prevented by intrathecal administration of the orexin 1 receptor antagonist. (kagoshima-u.ac.jp)

Mitral cells are closely related to the second type of projection neuron in the mammalian bulb, known as the tufted cell. (wikipedia.org)
We reasoned that direct glomerular activation (bypassing smells) might overcome these limitations and enable more detailed studies of functional circuitry in the olfactory bulb and its projection areas. (harvard.edu)
found that a subset of neurons called inhibitory projection neurons processes information about whether the odor is attractive or repulsive, and that a second subset of these neurons process information about the intensity of the odor. (elifesciences.org)

2022. Stimulus duration encoding by moth olfactory receptor neurons. (tomasbarta.cz)
2022) Context-dependent reversal of odorant preference is driven by inversion of the response in a single sensory neuron type. (plos.org)
2022). Dual-acting antitumor agents targeting the A 2A adenosine receptor and histone deacetylases: Design and synthesis of 4-(furan-2-yl)-1H- pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-amine derivatives. (shanghaitech.edu.cn)
2022). The unconventional activation of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4R by diverse ligands. (shanghaitech.edu.cn)
2022). Structural basis for strychnine activation of human bitter taste receptor TAS2R46. (shanghaitech.edu.cn)
2022). Structural insights into the activation of chemokine receptor CXCR2. (shanghaitech.edu.cn)
2022). Molecular insights into ligand recognition and G protein coupling of the neuromodulatory orphan receptor GPR139. (shanghaitech.edu.cn)
2022). Post-Translational Modifications of G Protein-Coupled Receptors Revealed by Proteomics and Structural Biology. (shanghaitech.edu.cn)
2022). G Protein-coupled Receptor (GPCR) Reconstitution and Labeling for Solution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Studies of the Structural Basis of Transmembrane Signaling. (shanghaitech.edu.cn)
2022). Cryo-EM structure of human κ-opioid receptor-Gi complex bound to an endogenous agonist dynorphin A. PROTEIN & CELL,pwac033. (shanghaitech.edu.cn)

One experimental system that has served very successfully as a model to understand principles of central olfactory information processing is the insect antennal lobe. (cmmc-uni-koeln.de)
In insects, the initial synaptic processing of olfactory input from antennae occurs in the antennal lobe, the functional equivalent of the vertebrate olfactory bulb. (cmmc-uni-koeln.de)
This is the first study to directly show the predicted dual fast- and slow-inhibitory action of LNs, which was predicted to be key in shaping complex odor responses in the antennal lobe. (cmmc-uni-koeln.de)
We also provide the first direct characterization of rapid postsynaptic potentials coincident with presynaptic spikes between olfactory processing neurons in the antennal lobe. (cmmc-uni-koeln.de)
We consider this experimental study to be an important contribution to a better understanding of olfactory information processing, as it verifies crucial hypotheses about synaptic transmission between antennal lobe neurons that form the basis of current computational models for olfactory information processing. (cmmc-uni-koeln.de)
Role of histamine as a putative inhibitory transmitter in the honeybee antennal lobe. (mpg.de)
Odor-driven attractor dynamics in the antennal lobe allow for simple and rapid olfactory pattern classification. (mpg.de)

It appears that tufted cells receive strong olfactory nerve input, fire close to inhalation onset and their firing phase is relatively concentration insensitive, whereas mitral cells receive relatively weak olfactory nerve input and strong periglomerular inhibition, which delays their firing relative to the tufted cells. (wikipedia.org)
This escape from inhibition can be sped up by increasing the stimulating odorant concentration, and thus mitral cell firing phase acts as one possible way the olfactory system encodes concentration. (wikipedia.org)
Drawing on results obtained with biophysical network models, I will discuss the role played by feedback and feedforward inhibition in shaping odor-driven responses of olfactory neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
Using model of the locust olfactory system we described the role of the fast feedback GABAa-type inhibition in generating odor triggered AL oscillations. (biomedcentral.com)
Our study revealed how multiple forms of synaptic inhibition differentially contribute to process information in the olfactory system. (biomedcentral.com)
It is not clear what the functional role of lateral inhibition would be, though it may be involved in boosting the signal-to-noise ratio of odor signals by silencing the basal firing rate of surrounding non-activated neurons. (wikidoc.org)

Caenorhabditis elegans senses and navigates its complex chemical environment using a small subset of sensory neurons [ 22 - 24 ]. (plos.org)
Each chemosensory neuron type in C . elegans expresses multiple chemoreceptors that are likely tuned to different odorants, a subset of which can be behaviorally discriminated [ 27 , 28 ]. (plos.org)
The Assembly Calculus (AC) is a framework to fill this gap, a computational model whose basic data type is the assembly, a large subset of neurons whose simultaneous excitation is tantamount to the subject's thinking of an object, idea, episode, or word. (mit.edu)

Relationship of visual and olfactory signal parameters in a food-deceptive flower mimicry system. (mpg.de)

In my research I focus on metabolically efficient information transmission by neurons and on modelling the insect olfactory system. (tomasbarta.cz)
Compared to the vertebrate, the insect nervous system contains relatively few neurons, most of which are readily accessible for electrophysiological study. (nih.gov)
Optimization of insect odorant receptor trafficking and functional expression via transient transfection in HEK293 cells. (mpg.de)

We hypothesize that this difference originates from fluid mechanical forces at the periphery: olfactory receptor neurons respond to mechanical, as well as chemical stimuli (Grosmaitre et al, 2007, Iwata et al, 2017). (smb.org)

Olfactory stimuli are vast in number and defy simple description. (biomedcentral.com)
In the olfactory bulb (OB), locally generated inhibitory synaptic interactions play a central role in shaping mitral and tufted cell responses to sensory stimuli ( Hamilton and Kauer, 1985 , 1989 ). (jneurosci.org)
However, it is still unclear whether specific cellular mechanisms in the aPC control olfactory memory depending on the appetitive or aversive nature of the stimuli involved. (bordeaux-neurocampus.fr)
Olfactory cells and tastebuds experience the same stimuli as taste buds. (royalpitch.com)

In mice, each mitral cell sends a single primary dendrite into a glomerulus receiving input from a population of olfactory sensory neurons expressing identical olfactory receptor proteins, yet the odor responsiveness of the 20-40 mitral cells connected to a single glomerulus (called sister mitral cells) is not identical to the tuning curve of the input cells, and also differs between sister mitral cells. (wikipedia.org)
Mice use ~1000 odorant receptor types in the main olfactory system to probe chemical space. (harvard.edu)
This effect disappeared in the anosmic model mice, indicating that olfactory input evoked by linalool odor triggered this effect. (kagoshima-u.ac.jp)
We have investigated the mRNA expression of the glycine receptor alpha 3 (Glra3) subunit in the nervous system as well as in several peripheral organs of female and male mice. (sagepub.com)
Keywords Glycine, Glra3, Brain, Spinal cord, Mice, Sex-dependent differences Introduction The amino acid glycine acts as an inhibitory neurotrans - *Correspondence: mitter in mammals and contributes to the regulation of Malin C. Lagerström both itch- and pain-associated networks [1, 2]. (sagepub.com)

The projections of principal neurons lead to large populations of follower neurons in brain areas that have been linked to learning and memory. (nih.gov)

It is the second processing stage of the accessory olfactory system . (wikidoc.org)
However, mitral cells in the accessory olfactory bulb project their axons to targets in the amygdala and hypothalamus where they may influence aggressive and mating behavior. (wikidoc.org)
Aijón, J. (1994) Histochemical localization of NADPH-diaphorase in the rat accessory olfactory bulb. (uv.es)
Alonso J.R. (1995) Calbindin D-28k immunoreactivity in the rat accessory olfactory bulb. (uv.es)
Aijón, J. (1996) Neurocalcin immunoreactivity in the rat accessory olfactory bulb. (uv.es)

However, the olfactory bulb also receives "top-down" information from such brain areas as the amygdala , neocortex , hippocampus , locus coeruleus , and substantia nigra . (wikidoc.org)
In particular, a population of kisspeptin and its receptors has been found in the posterodorsal medial amygdala (MePD), where it acts as an upstream regulator of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate sub-populations of neurons. (smb.org)
Our mathematical model, supported by experimental findings demonstrate that the effective modulation of the GnRH pulse generator by amygdala kisspeptin neurons is dependent on the functional neurotransmission of both GABA and glutamate. (smb.org)
The insula contains gustatory and autonomic areas, while the amygdala contains 2nd order neurons. (royalpitch.com)

The olfactory bulb also receives massive feedback projections from higher brain areas, which allow "top-down" control of sensory coding. (harvard.edu)

Inhibitory circuits of the AL and the MB shape the odor representation as it progresses through the olfactory system. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, olfactory bulb circuits process the incoming information and send out smell information coded both in the average activity of output cells as well as the precise timing of their spikes. (harvard.edu)

Across species, large numbers of odor receptor neurons with diverse sensitivities line peripheral structures. (nih.gov)
Orexin receptors 1 and 2 in serotonergic neurons differentially regulate peripheral glucose metabolism in obesity. (cmmc-uni-koeln.de)
Comparative dissection of the peripheral olfactory system of the Chagas disease vectors Rhodnius prolixus and Rhodnius brethesi. (mpg.de)
Rat Glra3 mRNA has also been peripheral nervous system, its expression alongside located in sub-regions of the olfactory bulb, cerebral cor- expression of the excitatory marker Slc17a6 (Vglut2) tex, thalamus, hippocampus, cerebellum [5], and the retina and the inhibitory marker Slc32a1 (Viaat) were exam- [6]. (sagepub.com)

2014). Under the hypothesis that GABA signaling via Rdl receptors might also regulate female pC1 neurons, we asked whether pC1 neurons in females were the target neurons of GABA that mediates the experience-dependent IPI tuning. (com.vn)

Both neuron types have different physiological tasks during odor processing, requiring specialized functional phenotypes. (cmmc-uni-koeln.de)
Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) pulsatile activity and the initiation of functional gonadotrophin secretion controlling reproductive competence are primarily driven by kisspeptin neurons located in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. (smb.org)
There are many functional areas of olfactory receptors. (royalpitch.com)
He further posited that neurons function as information processing units, using electrical impulses to communicate within functional networks. (nih.gov)

Since each glomerulus receives input from a single type of odorant receptor, each point on the surface of the olfactory bulb has a specific chemical response spectrum. (harvard.edu)

The cell bodies shown above are surrounded by "receptive nets" (A, B) formed by their own dendrites and the axons of neurons originating in the thoracic spinal cord. (nih.gov)

Functionally distinct POMC-expressing neuron subpopulations in hypothalamus revealed by intersectional targeting. (cmmc-uni-koeln.de)

His interests and those of his research groups have included exploring the mechanisms of ion permeation and selectivity in ion channels, the relationship between the molecular structure and the physiological function of channels, such as those of the inhibitory neurotransmitter receptor glycine channel and the olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated channel, and investigating the factors that determine their ion permeation, selectivity and conductance. (edu.au)
Lagerström, Malin C. 2023-06-01 00:00:00 Background The glycinergic system plays an important inhibitory role in the mouse central nervous system, where glycine controls the excitability of spinal itch- and pain-mediating neurons. (sagepub.com)
Impairments of the glycine receptors can cause motor and sensory deficits. (sagepub.com)
Glycine [email protected] is an agonist to the glycine receptors (GlyRs), which are Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden pentameric ligand-gated ion channels that predomi- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish nantly consist of four ligand binding alpha (α) subunits University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden (GLRA1-GLRA4) and one structural beta (β) subunit [3]. (sagepub.com)

addressed how attractiveness or repulsiveness of a smell, and also the strength of a smell, are processed by a part of the olfactory system called the lateral horn in fruit flies. (elifesciences.org)
He and his PhD students are authors on a paper titled, "Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-Associated Persistent Organic Pollutant cis-Chlordane Causes GABAA-Independent Toxicity to Motor Neurons, Providing Evidence toward an Environmental Component of Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ", which appeared this month in Chemical Neuroscience. (umass.edu)

Differences are evident at the glomerular layer in the olfactory bulb (Gautam et al. (smb.org)

Mitral cells are neurons that are part of the olfactory system. (wikipedia.org)
A second hypothesis is that the olfactory bulb network acts as a dynamical system that decorrelates to differentiate between representations of highly similar odorants over time. (wikipedia.org)
A particularly critical task of the olfactory system is to discriminate among related chemical cues. (plos.org)
Contrast-manipulation experiments support our conclusion that C2/C3 neurons are part of the distance-evaluation system. (nature.com)
Significant progress has been made in understanding general mechanisms and principles of olfactory information processing at all levels of analysis - from the molecular and cellular to the circuit, system, and behavioral level. (cmmc-uni-koeln.de)
A deceptive pollination system targeting drosophilids through olfactory mimicry of yeast. (mpg.de)
Aijón, J. (1997) Calretinin immunoreactivity in the developing olfactory system of the rainbow trout. (uv.es)
Additionally, it was revealed that the most relevant genes are involved in biological processes related to signal transduction, positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoters, chemical synaptic transmission, response to drugs, ion transmembrane transport, nervous system development, cell adhesion, and neuron migration. (biomedcentral.com)
2018) dataset indicated widespread but low expression of Glra3 in vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (Vglut2, Slc17a6) positive and vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter (Viaat, Slc32a1)positive neurons of the mouse central nervous system. (sagepub.com)
The sensory (afferent) division carries sensory signals by way of afferent nerve fibers from receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). (medscape.com)

Our results indicate that context-dependent recruitment of alternative intracellular signaling pathways within a single sensory neuron type conveys opposite hedonic valences, thereby providing a robust mechanism for odorant encoding and discrimination at the periphery. (plos.org)

In the project with Philippe Lucas I focus on studying how insects use olfactory cues to navigate in complex environments. (tomasbarta.cz)
Food seeking and eating are motivated behaviors that olfactory cues can trigger. (cmmc-uni-koeln.de)

The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor blocker mecamylamine blocked this rapid excitatory transmission. (cmmc-uni-koeln.de)
Altogether, these data indicate that aPC-CB1 receptor-dependent mechanisms physiologically control the retrieval of olfactory memory depending on odor valence and engaging modulation of local inhibitory transmission. (bordeaux-neurocampus.fr)

Although much is now known about the basic properties of gustatory receptors, the structures and functions of the gustatory circuitry that follows them remain mysterious. (nih.gov)
These receptors are located on the tongue, and clusters of gustatory receptors are located on bumps called papillae. (royalpitch.com)

Particularly, we are interested in the signal transdution and adaptation mechanisms of the olfactory receptor neurons. (tomasbarta.cz)

Presynaptic calcium current modulation by a metabotropic glutamate receptor. (oist.jp)

2016). In these pathways, GABA transmits inhibitory signals to P1 neurons via GABA A -type Rdl receptors (Kallman et al. (com.vn)

On one hand, this relation can be concentrated in verifying the changes induced by epileptic condition on neurotransmitter synthesis, released content and receptor activity. (scielo.br)

Olfactory coding in five moth species from two families. (mpg.de)

Mitral cell output is not a passive reflection of their input from the olfactory nerve. (wikipedia.org)

A single packet of transmitter does not saturate postsynaptic glutamate receptors. (oist.jp)

Such effect was completely reversed both by the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone and by the unselective muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine. (researchgate.net)

In addition, the oral mucosa helps to maintain the acuity of the taste receptor cells. (royalpitch.com)

The molecular underpinnings common to and connecting these disorders are not known, but may include shared genetic risk factors ( 1 , 8 ), regulation of brain cations ( 9 , 10 ), or common receptor signaling events that activate pain ( 11 ), inflammation ( 12 ), or oxidative ( 13 ) pathways. (frontiersin.org)

Research from her lab recently appeared in the journal, Hormones and Behavior , showing that Letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor used in breast cancer treatment, alters gene expression in neurons of the hippocampus, a region of the brain involved with memory. (umass.edu)
The descending neurons are thought to be involved in the control of olfactory behavior. (royalpitch.com)

The valence of individual chemicals is largely determined by the responding sensory neuron type, such that distinct subsets of chemosensory neurons drive either attraction or avoidance to different chemicals [ 25 , 26 ]. (plos.org)

Anatomy30

Organisms22

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs40

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment7

Psychiatry and Psychology7

Phenomena and Processes28

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science2

Health Care1

Interneurons7

Neural12

Main olfactory bulb5

Synapses9

Glomeruli12

Plasticity4

Located in the olfactory bulb1

Drosophila10

Pathway3

Synapse2

GABAergic4

Epithelium3

Cortex4

Granule cells4

Input from olfactory2

Output neurons1

20212

Odors9

Neuronal5

Projection3

202210

Antennal lobe7

Inhibition6

Subset3

Visual and olfactory1

Insect3

Chemical stimuli1

Stimuli4

Mice5

Principal neurons1

Accessory olfactory5

Amygdala4

Bulb also receives1

Circuits2

Peripheral4

Regulate1

Functional4

Glomerulus1

Axons1

Hypothalamus1

Glycine4

Lateral2

Glomerular layer1

System10

Periphery1

Cues2

Transmission2

Gustatory receptors2

Mechanisms1

Modulation1

GABA1

Neurotransmitter1

Moth1

Mitral cell1

Postsynaptic1

Muscarinic1

Mucosa1

Pathways1

Behavior2

Distinct1