• Pemetrexed is polyglutamated by the folylpolyglutamate synthase (FPGS) and blocks folate metabolism and DNA synthesis by inhibiting TS, dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT). (worktribe.com)
  • Impairment of thymidylate (dTMP) biosynthesis severely diminishes the viability of parasitic protozoa and the absence of enzymatic activities specifically involved in the formation of dTMP (e.g. dUTPase, thymidylate synthase, dihydrofolate reductase or thymidine kinase) results in decreased deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP) levels and the so-called thymineless death. (eurekaselect.com)
  • The present study revealed that E2F1 gene expression correlates with TS and Survivin gene expressions and tumor proliferation. (aacrjournals.org)
  • While no other human tumor virus possesses these same genes, other tumor viruses target the same cellular pathways illustrating that at a basic level, all tumor viruses appear to attack the same cellular control pathways, so-called tumor suppressor pathways. (wikipedia.org)
  • A naturally occurring variation in thymidylate synthase structure is associated with a reduced response to 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine in a human colon tumor cell line. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) gene therapy targeted by ionizing radiation selectively damages tumor vasculature. (uchicago.edu)
  • Decreasing the apoptotic threshold of tumor cells through protein kinase C inhibition and sphingomyelinase activation increases tumor killing by ionizing radiation. (uchicago.edu)
  • Genetic studies of the families at high risk for developing renal cancer led to the cloning of genes whose alteration results in tumor formation. (medscape.com)
  • These genes are either tumor suppressors (VHL, TSC) or oncogenes (MET). (medscape.com)
  • Conclusion: These data demonstrate that oxaliplatin and pemetrexed synergistically interact against colon cancer cells, through modulation of cell cycle, inhibition of Akt phosphorylation, induction of apoptosis and modulation of gene expression. (worktribe.com)
  • 6. Curcumin - The inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis by curcumin in MCF-7 breast cancer cells might be mediated, at least partially, by its ability to down-regulate the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis. (compassionateacupuncture.com)
  • In microorganisms, these two domains are separate proteins, but, in multicellular eukaryotes, the two catalytic sites are expressed on a single protein, uridine monophosphate synthase. (wikipedia.org)
  • More common are small, subtle changes of the DNA sequence that can alter the structure and function of the proteins encoded by genes. (healthdrugpdf.com)
  • The genes that encode proteins comprise only a tiny fraction of human DNA, even though they represent the major biological function of the genome. (healthdrugpdf.com)
  • An educated guess is made regarding the characteristics of a gene involved in HIV resistance (for example only cell-surface proteins will be examined as they may bind HIV). (healthdrugpdf.com)
  • Gefitinib and erlotinib would be effective for tumors with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations or increased EGFR gene copy numbers ( 6 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • These possess included intratumoral degrees of thymidylate synthase (TS), TP53 mutations, microsatellite instability, and chromosomal deletions [6-8]. (careersfromscience.org)
  • Mutations in this gene are associated with type 1 elliptocytosis (EL1). (cancerindex.org)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • The cytotoxic mechanism of platinum is that the agents bind to DNA and form platinum-DNA adducts, which consequently block DNA replication and transcription, resulting in cellular apoptosis and growth inhibition. (hindawi.com)
  • The top 14 hub genes were subsequently confirmed by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction in ACC and adrenocortical adenoma samples. (cancerindex.org)
  • Five such operons were identified in the genome of D. hafniense DCB-2 (Figure 8) including an octacistronic operon (Dhaf_0057-64) which encodes additional genes for Orn/Lys/Arg decarboxylase, DNA polymerase III δ' subunit, polymerase suppressor protein, and corrin/porphyrin methyltransferase, suggesting that the operon is used not only for the synthesis of a germinant receptor but for other metabolic activities in relation to sporulation/germination. (peptide-solubility.com)
  • We give a new explanation of the well known phenomenon that folate supplementation lowers homocysteine and we show how to use the model to investigate the effects of vitamin deficiencies, gene polymorphisms, and nutrient input changes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Patients were genotyped for a panel of 192 tagging polymorphisms in 34 immune-related genes. (frontiersin.org)
  • As mentioned above, most polymorphisms are irrelevant for the gene function. (healthdrugpdf.com)
  • Pharmacogenomics has been perceived as a useful tool to predict treatment response as well as clinical prognosis in cancer patients, and numerous studies have suggested the functions of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in affecting drug sensitivity by modifying relevant genes [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Consequently, it is necessary to identify functional gene polymorphisms as new biomarkers for accurately predicting clinical outcomes of chemotherapy in NSCLC, which could also reduce the side effects and provide the most cost-effective approach for individuals [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The enzyme Uridine monophosphate synthase (EC 4.1.1.23, UMPS) (orotate phosphoribosyl transferase and orotidine-5'-decarboxylase) catalyses the formation of uridine monophosphate (UMP), an energy-carrying molecule in many important biosynthetic pathways. (wikipedia.org)
  • These separate conformational forms display different enzymatic activities, with the UMP synthase monomer displaying low decarboxylase activity, and only the 5.6 S dimer exhibiting full decarboxylase activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • The viral genome consists of a ~145 kilobase-long unique region, encoding all of expressed viral genes, which is flanked by ~20-30 kilobases of terminal repeat sequences. (wikipedia.org)
  • The analyzed gene datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. (cancerindex.org)
  • The genes for the key σ factors (σH, σF, σE, σG, and σK) and the master regulator SpoOA were identified in the genome of DCB-2, and homologs for most of the sporulation genes were identified. (peptide-solubility.com)
  • Although less conserved, the earliest sporulation genes of sensory histidine kinases could not be positively assigned among 59 histidine kinase genes in the genome (Figure 8). (peptide-solubility.com)
  • This review aims to present an overview of current pharmacogenomic biomarkers and future perspectives of pharmacogenomics in CRC, in an evolving scenario moving from a single drug-gene interactions approach to a more comprehensive genome-wide approach, comprising genomics and epigenetics. (oaepublish.com)
  • There is thought to be more than 30,000 genes in the human genome. (healthdrugpdf.com)
  • Indeed, a number of genes identified as potential manipulators of the host cell phenotype are absent from the T . equi genome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Histoculture drug response assay (HDRA) was used to examine docetaxel sensitivity, while qRT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA levels of the genes in 25 surgically dissected gastric cancer specimens. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Conclusion: CXCR4 mRNA expression levels may be a potential predictive biomarker in gastric cancer. (iiarjournals.org)
  • The present study established a docetaxel-resistant gastric cancer cell line and evaluated the alteration of mRNA expression levels globally by microarray, in an attempt to obtain novel predictive biomarkers for docetaxel chemotherapy. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Two most common SNPs of ERCC1 gene are C118T (rs11615) with a C → T substitution at exon 4 and C8092A (rs3212986) with a C→A change in the 3′-untranslated region, both of which have been speculated to regulate the ERCC1 mRNA expression and manage the NER pathway, consequently affecting the efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Therefore comparative genomic analysis of T . equi was undertaken to: 1) identify genes contributing to immune evasion and persistence in equid hosts, 2) identify genes involved in PBMC infection biology and 3) define the phylogenetic position of T . equi relative to sequenced apicomplexan parasites. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The present study evaluated the prognostic value of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status, and excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) and thymidylate synthase (TS) expression following intercalated tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy and platinum- and pemetrexed-based chemotherapies (subsequent second-line treatment) for patients with adenocarcinoma non-small-cell lung cancer (AC-NSCLC). (medsci.org)
  • The EGFR mutation status and ERCC1 and TS expression were evaluated through direct DNA sequencing and immunohistochemical analyses, respectively. (medsci.org)
  • The EGFR mutation status and ERCC1 and TS expression were the significant predictors of clinical outcomes. (medsci.org)
  • Further exploratory ERCC1 and TS expression analyses were conducted to provide additional insights. (medsci.org)
  • Low TS expression was predictive of improved OS of patients with negative EGFR-mutated advanced AC-NSCLC, whereas high ERCC1 expression resulted in poor OS in patients with positive EGFR-mutated advanced AC-NSCLC. (medsci.org)
  • TS and ERCC1 expression levels were effective prognostic factors for negative and positive EGFR-mutated AC-NSCLC, respectively. (medsci.org)
  • In conclusion, the present results indicate that the EGFR mutation status and TS and ERCC1 expression can be used as the predictors of OS after subsequent second-line treatments for AC-NSCLC. (medsci.org)
  • Several biomarkers have been used to predict treatment responses, such as the EGFR mutation status for targeted therapy or the excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) and thymidylate synthase (TS) expression for conventional chemotherapy [ 3 - 8 ]. (medsci.org)
  • RT-PCR analysis was performed to assess whether drugs modulated the expression of pemetrexed targets and of genes involved in DNA repair (ERCC1 and ERCC2). (worktribe.com)
  • It has been documented that high expression of ERCC1 could block the platinum efficacy and cause drug resistance [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Briefly, the complementary DNA of the HA and NA genes of influenza viruses were synthesized based on the sequences from the NCBI influenza database while the six cDNAs of the internal genes were synthesized based on the PR8 (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934) virus sequence (GenScript, USA). (egfr-signaling.com)
  • Large differences are due to loss or gain of entire genes, gene parts as well as sequences that regulate the gene expression. (healthdrugpdf.com)
  • Comparative genomic analysis of T . equi revealed the phylogenetic positioning relative to seven apicomplexan parasites using deduced amino acid sequences from 150 genes placed it as a sister taxon to Theileria spp . (biomedcentral.com)
  • What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
  • These medicines have been looked at in terms of their detailed chemical structures, their proteomic properties, the molecular biological pathways through which they work, their gene activation and epigenetic properties, their pharmacological properties, etc, This work has generally been of high quality and has resulted in thousands or tens of thousands of research reports, many of them published in highly respected Western journals. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
  • The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway evaluation suggested that furthermore to Wnt and changing growth aspect (TGF) signaling pathways, that have been reported in response to follicle formation broadly, another mixed band of signaling pathways that regulate lipid synthesis and fat burning capacity, like the phosphatidylinositol signaling program and glycerolipid signaling and fat burning capacity, are Gemzar biological activity in charge of follicle formation also. (clinical-research-informatics.com)
  • Inhibition of TS activity was shown to impair HCMV DNA synthesis, demonstrating that TS upregulation is required for efficient HCMV replication in quiescent cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Thymidylate synthase is vital for de novo DNA synthesis, by catalyzing the transformation of deoxy-uridine monophosphate (dUMP) to deoxy-thymidine monophosphate (dTMP). (careersfromscience.org)
  • TOP2A (DNA topoisomerase II alpha) gene, mapped to chromosome 17q12-q21, covers approximately 27.5 kb and includes 35 exons, encoding a 170 kDa protein [ 7 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • Following this, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were included in Gene Ontology enrichment, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, protein‑protein interaction network and survival analyses. (cancerindex.org)
  • Recent advances in understanding the role that epigenetics plays in cancer pathogenesis and understanding the mechanisms through which these processes regulate gene expression have stimulated considerable interest in developing clinically viable antineoplastic agents that target enzymatic components of transcriptional regulatory complexes responsible for the establishment of pathologic epigenetic modifications that lead to deregulated gene expression in cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Phenotypic classification classified tumors (either below or above the median expression level) with respect to the folic acid metabolism or DNA repair. (oncotarget.com)
  • Alteration (amplification or deletion) of TOP2A gene was also significantly related to shorter survival of cancer patients. (jcancer.org)
  • There are large differences between men and women of child-bearing age in the expression level of 5 key enzymes in one-carbon metabolism almost certainly caused by the sex hormones. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The term chemotherapy has come to connote non-specific usage of intracellular poisons to inhibit mitosis (cell division) or induce DNA damage, which is why inhibition of DNA repair can augment chemotherapy. (worldsbest.rehab)
  • Strategies for enhancing viral-based gene therapy using ionizing radiation. (uchicago.edu)
  • Often multiple genes are involved in the given biological process as complex as the successful viral infection. (healthdrugpdf.com)
  • We investigated the clinical significance of E2F1 gene expression in relation to its target genes, thymidylate synthase ( TS ) and Survivin , in case of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (aacrjournals.org)
  • Here, we review the available literature in relation to drug discovery studies targeting thymidylate biosynthesis in kinetoplastid (genera Trypanosoma and Leishmania) and apicomplexan (Plasmodium spp and Toxoplasma gondii) protozoans. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Expression profiles analysis identifies the values of carcinogenesis and the prognostic prediction of three genes in adrenocortical carcinoma. (cancerindex.org)
  • In humans, the gene that codes for this enzyme is located on the long arm of chromosome 3 (3q13). (wikipedia.org)
  • This gene is localized to chromosome 20 and has pseudogenes which reside on chromosomes 1 and 22. (cancerindex.org)
  • The identified DEGs included 20 downregulated genes and 51 upregulated genes, which were highly associated with the cell cycle, organelle fission, chromosome segregation, cell division and spindle stability. (cancerindex.org)
  • If one is starting from scratch, without any knowledge of what kind of gene it might be and what chromosome it resides on, the task is truly enormous. (healthdrugpdf.com)
  • The aim of this study was to explore predictive genes involved in docetaxel sensitivity of gastric cancer. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Although genetics have played a dominant role in cancer research, epigenetics (heritable changes in gene function that do not involve alterations in DNA sequence) has become equally important in this field. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Relative changes in gene expression were determined by quantitative real time PCR. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Both OPRTase and ODCase have passed through lateral gene transfer, resulting in eukaryotes' having enzymes from bacterial and eukaryotic origin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Raspberry seed oil exhibited good effects on the activities of the intracellular antioxidant enzymes and seems to protect the liver from oxidative stress through the inhibition of MAPKs. (uneatlantico.es)
  • Thymidylate synthase expression and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with advanced head and neck cancer. (uchicago.edu)
  • To date, lots of studies regarding gene variants that may alter response and tolerability to chemotherapy drugs have been carried out, including both retrospective and perspective studies. (hindawi.com)
  • The increase in TS gene expression was due to an increase in gene transcription, since the expression of a reporter gene driven by the human TS promoter was strongly induced by HCMV infection. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Ren L, Liu J, Gou K, Xing C. Copy number variation and high expression of DNA topoisomerase II alpha predict worse prognosis of cancer: a meta-analysis. (jcancer.org)
  • Topoisomerase II from Human Malaria Parasites: Expression, purification, and selective inhibition. (rathodlab.org)
  • This gene encodes a DNA topoisomerase, an enzyme that controls and alters the topologic states of DNA during transcription. (cancerindex.org)
  • Immunohistochemistry was done to investigate the protein expression of E2F1, TS, and Survivin. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Even if only those SNPs that are thought to lie within expressed genes are considered, their number is quite substantial. (healthdrugpdf.com)
  • It has been estimated that a gene of average size would contain about 15 SNPs. (healthdrugpdf.com)
  • We analyzed the mutation frequencies of common actionable genes and their association with clinicopathological characteristics and oncologic outcomes using targeted NGS. (preprints.org)
  • Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. (cancerindex.org)
  • Alternatively, one may pursue a candidate gene approach. (healthdrugpdf.com)
  • Finally, platinum-DNA adduct levels were detected by ultra-sensitive multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results: A dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth was observed after drug exposure, while a synergistic interaction was detected preferentially with sequential combinations. (worktribe.com)
  • Thus, TS structure and expression are expected to be determinants of response to these agents. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Virally directed cytosine deaminase/5-fluorocytosine gene therapy enhances radiation response in human cancer xenografts. (uchicago.edu)
  • VAN DER STRAETEN D., CASTAGNA A., RANIERA A. (2022) Foliar and root comparative metaboliomics and phenolic profiling of micro-tom tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants associated with a gene expression analysis in response to short daily UV treatments. (ugent.be)
  • The Giardia lamblia vsp gene repertoire: characteristics, genomic organization, and evolution. (mbl.edu)
  • One form is common to all the cell lines, whereas a variant form, which is more basic and is encoded by a separate structural gene, is unique to HCT 116. (aspetjournals.org)
  • 65-29-2 supplier Several research have got investigated the partnership between TS protein survival and expression in CRC patients. (careersfromscience.org)
  • Docetaxel is among the second generation of taxanes, demonstrating a stronger anticancer effect than paclitaxel with regard to the promotion of tubulin polymerisation and inhibition of depolymerisation ( 2 ). (iiarjournals.org)
  • In MDA-MB-231 cells, SR-4835 can reduce the expression of a cast of DDR genes due to its inhibition of CDK12/13 kinase activity. (cancer-research-network.com)
  • No important variations inside the K Occurred physique fat, blood Figure 4 Inhibition of ACAT activity of t Within the membrane fraction of mouse macrophages and mouse liver microsomes of beauveriolides I and III. (mirnamimics.com)
  • In mammalian cells, histone H3 Lys 9 (H3K9) methylation and histone hypoacetylation are usually associated with methylated DNA, heterochromatin, and gene silencing. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Materials and Methods: Microarray analysis was performed to explore various gene expression levels between parental and docetaxel-resistant cells. (iiarjournals.org)
  • The proposed genes are based on known developmental and genetic processes of sporulation and germination in Bacillus and Clostridium species. (peptide-solubility.com)
  • Our data suggest that HCMV activates human TS gene transcription by mechanisms that independent of E2F and different from those used by MCMV to stimulate the mouse TS promoter. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Purpose: Oxaliplatin effect in the treatment of colorectal cancer is improved upon combination with thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitors. (worktribe.com)
  • High TOP2A expression suggested significant relationship with worse cancer prognosis. (jcancer.org)
  • Gene therapy of cancer. (uchicago.edu)
  • A panel of 11 genes selected according to microarray analysis were validated and tested further in 11 cancer cell lines, resulting in 4 genes, CXCR4, CDK6, USP15 and CDH1. (iiarjournals.org)
  • However, most of the relevant studies have been somewhat controversial and the predictive accuracy of these genes is still limited ( 11 , 12 ). (iiarjournals.org)
  • I have numerous scientific publication to my credit, including research studies on gene therapy using retrovirus vectors. (healthdrugpdf.com)
  • XLS 97 kb) 12861_2017_153_MOESM8_ESM.xls (98K) GUID:?B2FE5241-0444-4D48-99D4-D5E55E4120EF Extra file 9: Desk S7: Target genes of the very best portrayed 18 miRNAs. (clinical-research-informatics.com)
  • Our analysis identified 50 genes that will be useful for definitive phylogenetic classification of T . equi and closely related organisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • At the current state of technology it is still an immense task to identify genes that might confer a given trait such as resistance to HIV. (healthdrugpdf.com)
  • Each red arrow is a long-range allosteric influence, either activation (arrow) or inhibition (bar). (biomedcentral.com)