• suggesting that this substance could influence the response of cancer cells to immunotherapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell immunotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), which have produced unprecedented clinical benefits in a variety of different cancers, produce promising results in only some highly selected patients with PDAC. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This has led to the need for new immunotherapy-based approaches, including adoptive cell transfer (ACT), therapeutic vaccines, and novel immune checkpoint inhibitors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The use of cell therapies, drivers of immune response, and trends in immunotherapy were the focus of the Immunotherapy Bridge (November 30th-December 1st, 2022), organized by the Fondazione Melanoma Onlus, Naples, Italy, in collaboration with the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This has resulted in the development of additional immunotherapy-based approaches, including adoptive cell transfer (ACT), therapeutic vaccines, and inhibitors of other immune checkpoints. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The use of cell therapies, drivers of immune response, and trends in immunotherapy were the focus of the Immunotherapy Bridge (November 30th-December 1st, 2022). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Immunotherapy includes systemic administration of cytokines, adaptive transfer of activated T cells, NK cells, dendritic cells and macrophages. (healthcaremarts.com)
  • But systemic administration of cytokines, such as interferons and interleukins, commonly used for immunotherapy, have their own toxic side effects that can be life threatening to many patients. (healthcaremarts.com)
  • Conclusion: For immunotherapy/vaccines to be successful, the expression of PD-L1/PD-1 on immune cells should be considered, and the combination of checkpoint inhibitors and vaccines may pave the way for successful outcomes to disease. (studylib.net)
  • It has been confirmed that naïve (uncommitted) CD4 + T cells can be induced to different specific lineages according to the local cytokine, including towards T helper (Th)1, Th2, Th17 and T regulatory (Treg) cells ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • CD4 T helper (Th) cells are characteristically classified into five main subcategories including, Th1, Th2, Th17, Tfh and Treg (T regulatory) [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • T Regulatory type-1 (TR1) cells represent an immunosuppressive T cell subset, discovered over 25 years ago, that produces high levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) but, unlike its FoxP3+ T regulatory (Treg) cell counterpart, does not express FoxP3 or CD25. (bvsalud.org)
  • Characterized by the expression of the critical transcription factor forkhead box protein P3, regulatory T (Treg) cells are an essential part of the immune system, with a dual effect on the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By focusing on the critical roles of different metabolic programs, such as glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid oxidation, fatty acid synthesis, and amino acid metabolism, as well as their essential regulators in modulating Treg proliferation, migration, and function, we hope to provide new insights into Treg cell-targeted antitumor immunotherapies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Among them, Treg cells, which represent the master regulatory cells and participate in the maintenance of immune homeostasis, are regarded as the chief obstacle to antitumor immunity [ 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that have a notable role in the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. (mdpi.com)
  • Studies are also proposing a role for antimicrobial peptides and dendritic cells in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. (medscape.com)
  • Cathelicidin LL-37 is especially thought to lead to activation of dendritic cells, inducing production of interferons. (medscape.com)
  • It has been suggested that a high single dose of RT may induce an immune response that leads to the priming of antigen-specific dendritic cells (DCs). (amegroups.org)
  • These cells can produce immunosuppressive cytokines and the recruitment of inhibitory and regulatory cell types, decrease expression of antigens, lose expression of MHC class I molecules, have an aberrant antigen processing, cause anergy or deletion of T cells, and generate the dysfunction of dendritic cells (DCs) ( 5 - 8 ). (amegroups.org)
  • Dendritic cells (DCs) that phagocytize these DAMPs activate the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κβ) pathway, which then promotes the expression of co-stimulatory CD80/86 molecules [ 12 , 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dendritic cells that present antigens on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and show co-stimulators stimulate T-cells and promote a systemic immune response [ 2 , 14 , 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Some authors have referred to this ability of cryotherapy to load dendritic cells as producing an "in-vivo dendritic cell vaccine" [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In dendritic cells, CpG-2722 and 2'3'-c-di-AM(PS)2 showed a cooperative effect on inducing expression of molecules critical for T cell activation. (ijbs.com)
  • It functions through the interleukin-9 receptor (IL9R), which activates different signal transducer and activator (STAT) proteins namely STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5 and thus connects this cytokine to various biological processes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, the proliferation of Th17 cells and Th17‑associated cytokines, including interleukin (IL)17, IL23 and RAR‑related orphan receptor γt, was analyzed by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Description: The BC96 monoclonal antibody reacts with human CD25, the 55 kDa interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain (IL-2Ralpha). (thermofisher.com)
  • The receptor of this cytokine (IL2RA) is a heterotrimeric protein complex with a gamma chain also shared by interleukin 4 (IL4) and interleukin 7 (IL7). (thermofisher.com)
  • Mutations in this gene are associated with interleukin 2 receptor alpha deficiency. (thermofisher.com)
  • Upon culture in endothelial growth media, these cells expressed endothelial lineage markers, such as CD31, Tie2, and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), and incorporated into blood vessels in ischemic tissues. (hindawi.com)
  • This receptor may contribute to the accumulation and activation of eosinophils and other inflammatory cells in the allergic airway. (cancerindex.org)
  • Transferred T cells that persist in the blood and form memory have a phenotype consistent with a less differentiated state (CD27/CD28/IL-7 receptor-α) [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dr. Mak was recognized for his seminal work to clone the T cell receptor. (cancerresearch.org)
  • Although CNP located chiefly in the cytoplasm of oligodendrocytes might not serve as a cell-surface NIG receptor, Nutlin-3a price it could act as a conformational stabilizer for the intrinsically unstructured large segment of Amino-Nogo. (dehydrogenase-signal.com)
  • In contrary, tumor cells have evolved immune escape mechanisms whereby overexpression of PD-L1 induces anergy and/or apoptosis of PD-1 positive T cells by interfering with T cell receptor signal transduction. (studylib.net)
  • γδ T cells express unique T cell receptor (TCR) γ and TCR δ chains, with structural and functional heterogeneity. (explorationpub.com)
  • Taking advantage of the diverse γδ TCR repertoire or other ligand-receptor interactions, γδ T cells can recognize a broad spectrum of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent manner, thereby activating downstream pleiotropic effects. (explorationpub.com)
  • The prevalence of Th17 cells and their receptors in patients with LSCC was studied using immunohistochemical analysis via tissue microarray technology. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Flow cytometry was used to investigate the percentage of Th17 and Th1 cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The results revealed that the prevalence of Th17 cells in patients with LSCC was elevated in their primary tumors, as well as in peripheral blood, compared with that in healthy controls. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • It was further demonstrated that Th17 cells could be induced and expanded in the tumor microenvironment through cytokines produced by the tumor cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In conclusion, Th17 cells have a substantial impact on the carcinogenesis of LSCCs, and could serve as a potential therapeutic target to modulate the anti‑tumor response in these carcinomas. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Interleukin (IL)17-producing Th17 cells, which are different from Th1 and Th2 cells, have been described as serving critical roles in inflammation and autoimmune diseases, as well as in cancer development ( 8 - 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Considering these facts, it could be concluded that pro-inflammatory Th17 cells may have extensive effects on LSCC pathogenesis and anti-tumor response. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The present study revealed that patients with LSCC have elevated levels of Th17 cells in their primary tumors and peripheral blood compared with those in healthy controls. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In addition, the LSCC microenvironment was identified as a strong Th17-cell inducer. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Psoriasis was originally classified as a Th1 disease, but Th17 cells have also been recognized to have an important role. (medscape.com)
  • CpG-2722 induced antigen-dependent T helper (Th)1 and Th17 responses, while 2'3'-c-di-AM(PS)2 induced a Th2 response. (ijbs.com)
  • The combination of CpG-2722 and 2'3'-c-di-AM(PS)2 generated a distinct antigen-dependent Th response profile characterized by higher Th1 and Th17, but lower Th2 responses. (ijbs.com)
  • The combination of these two agonists enhanced the expression of cytokines for Th1 and Th17 responses and suppressed the expression of cytokines for Th2 response in these cells. (ijbs.com)
  • Interleukin 9, also known as IL-9, is a pleiotropic cytokine (cell signalling molecule) belonging to the group of interleukins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Il-9 is a cytokine secreted by CD4+ helper cells that acts as a regulator of a variety of hematopoietic cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • This cytokine stimulates cell proliferation and prevents apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Interleukin (IL)-2 is a cytokine that enhances the production of cytotoxic lymphocytes capable of lysing tumor cells while leaving benign cells unharmed -- IL-2 activated lymphocytes are known as "lymphocyte-activated killer" or LAK cells [8,9]. (blogspot.com)
  • Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a recently identified cytokine, an important member of the interleukin-1 family. (frontiersin.org)
  • The Mouse Cytokine Array detects multiple analytes in cell culture lysates and supernates. (rndsystems.com)
  • Activated γδ T cells exhibit strong cytotoxic activity and cytokine secretion functions and are effective antitumor lymphocytes with simple and direct recognition modes and rapid responses. (explorationpub.com)
  • First, γδ T cells exposed to complicated cytokine networks are potentially affected by multiple inhibitory mechanisms. (explorationpub.com)
  • CpG-2722 and 2'3'-c-di-AM(PS)2 have distinct cytokine inducing profiles in different cell populations. (ijbs.com)
  • Immune cell infiltration analysis and cytokine production were performed by flow cytometry, PCR and ELISPOT in the tumor site and in the spleen of animals, 17 days after the tumor injection. (bmj.com)
  • The innate immune system is mainly composed of myeloid lineage cells, such as macrophages, neutrophils, and mast cells [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Although tumor cells were first thought to drive the cellular events underpinning tumor angiogenesis and growth, considerable evidence has now emerged for the central role of tumor infiltrating myeloid cells such as monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils in this phenomenon [ 8 - 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The infiltration of multiple types of tumor-promoting immune cells, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), regulatory T cells (Tregs) and other immune cells, mediates immune evasion and tumor progression [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In a vast majority of organs, distinct epithelial tissues form the parenchyma, whereas the stroma constitutes a complex compartment composed of different cell types including fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, vessel cells, pericytes, endothelial and smooth muscle cells, as well as immune cells such as macrophages, lymphocytes and mast cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We examined the concentration of CHI3L1 in the culture medium of splenocytes and bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) from wild-type or Rab37 knockout mice, and macrophage or T cell lines expressing wild type, active GTP-bound or inactive GDP-bound Rab37. (thno.org)
  • We demonstrate a novel secretion mode of CHI3L1 mediated by the small GTPase Rab37 in T cells and macrophages. (thno.org)
  • The secreted CHI3L1 activated AKT, ß-catenin and NF-κB signal pathways in cancer cells and macrophages to foster a protumor TME characterized by activating M2 macrophages and increasing the population of regulatory T cells. (thno.org)
  • The development of T cells depends on their microenvironment, with cytokines playing a major role in this procedure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • His laboratory has followed two primary interests: 1) the transcription factor networks that regulate fate determination in various cells that make blood, and 2) the cell surface proteins expressed by hematopoietic stem cells that and allow them to communicate with their microenvironment. (ubc.ca)
  • Tumors exhibit significant myeloid cell infiltrates, which are actively recruited to the tumor microenvironment. (hindawi.com)
  • Finally, we will comment on the mechanisms regulating myeloid cell recruitment to the tumor microenvironment and on the potential of myeloid cells as new targets for cancer therapy. (hindawi.com)
  • This study aimed to clarify the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a component of the cancer microenvironment. (cancerindex.org)
  • Cancer progression is mainly driven by the expansion of tumor cells, but tumor microenvironment and anti-tumor immunity may also play a role. (amegroups.org)
  • The targeted intraoperative radiotherapy (TARGIT) method, using INTRABEAM ® , could reduce tumor recurrence, modifying the wound microenvironment, and eradicating residual tumor cells when applied immediately after surgery procedure. (amegroups.org)
  • Besides the direct effects of radiation in reducing viable cancer cells, RT may induce modifications on the local microenvironment that can affect tumor development ( 5 ). (amegroups.org)
  • This lack of success may result in part from the fact that most studies focus on tumor cells as potential therapeutic targets and neglect the complex microenvironment that undergoes profound changes during tumor development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this sense, the lack of technologies that would allow for molecular screening of individual stromal cell types poses a major challenge for the development of therapies targeting the tumor microenvironment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Progress in microenvironment genetic studies represents a formidable opportunity for the development of new selective drugs because stromal cells have lower mutation rates than malignant cells, and should prove to be good targets for therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Unresponsiveness may result, at least in part, because these therapies only target cancer cells and neglect the complex microenvironment around tumors that undergo drastic changes during disease development [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this way, tumor microenvironment cells could represent an extremely attractive therapeutic target either along the course of the disease or during the first steps of malignant transformation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • γδ T cells recruited into the tumor microenvironment can act as effector cells to mediate cancer immune surveillance. (explorationpub.com)
  • Therefore, an in-depth understanding of γδ T cells that play conflicting roles in the tumor microenvironment is necessary. (explorationpub.com)
  • The proliferation of spleen cells were assessed by Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assay. (biomedcentral.com)
  • IL-2 stimulates the proliferation of B cells, augments natural killer cell activity, and inhibits granulocyte macrophage colony formation. (thermofisher.com)
  • It is now known that new blood vessels originate from preexisting vessels by activation, proliferation and migration of endothelial cells through a process named "angiogenesis" [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Specific growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), stimulate the proliferation and migration of naturally quiescent endothelial cells, resulting in the formation of new vessel structures during embryonic development and tumor growth [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • These interactions begin during the early stages of embryonic development and coordinate events such as cell proliferation and differentiation in complex tissues, crucial processes for the functional maintenance of whole organs [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bae KM, Wang H, Jiang G, Chen MG, Lu L, Xiao L. Protein kinase C epsilon is overexpressed in primary human non-small cell lung cancers and functionally required for proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer cells in a p21/Cip1-dependent manner. (famri.org)
  • First, we are interested in Epstein Barr Virus-mediated mechanisms of immune evasion with particular emphasis on pathways that promote survival and proliferation of EBV B cell lymphomas, the characterization of the human T cell and NK cell response to EBV and the identification of novel therapeutics for treatment of EBV B cell lymphomas. (stanford.edu)
  • Th1 cells secrete interferons, while Th2 cells are known for being able to secrete interleukin 13 (IL-13), IL-10, IL-5, and IL-4 production. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Myeloid cells are a heterogeneous population of bone marrow-derived cells that play a critical role during growth and metastasis of malignant tumors. (hindawi.com)
  • reported that transgenic expression of IL-33 may activate CD8(+) T cells and NK cells, and inhibit tumor growth and metastasis in B16 melanoma and Lewis lung carcinoma metastatic models ( 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Additionally, it gives rise to the multiplication of hematologic neoplasias and also Hodgkin's lymphoma in humans but IL-9 also has antitumor properties in solid tumors, for example melanoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1971, Dr. Judah Folkman observed that neovascularization occurs around tumors and proposed that new blood vessel growth is necessary to supply nutrients and oxygen to tumor cells during exponential tumor growth [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes. (lookformedical.com)
  • Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. (lookformedical.com)
  • The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease. (lookformedical.com)
  • B-cell lymphoid tumors that occur in association with AIDS. (lookformedical.com)
  • Switchable targeting of solid tumors by BsCAR T cells. (yale.edu)
  • Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is known to be synergistic with IL-2 since the 1980's, and has therefore been the subject of considerable cancer research. (blogspot.com)
  • In the context of cancer, appropriately activated DCs can induce anti-tumor immunity by activating innate immune cells and tumor-specific lymphocytes that target cancer cells. (mdpi.com)
  • Importantly, during tumor progression, myeloid cells are implicated in promoting tumor angiogenesis, causing resistance against antiangiogenic therapies in cancer, and suppressing the immune response during cancer [ 3 - 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Recent studies demonstrated that high serum levels of soluble ST2 (sST2) are a worse prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma ( 9 ), and that serum IL-33 is a diagnostic and prognostic marker in non-small cell lung cancer, independent of the therapeutic intervention ( 10 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition to its roles in the regulation of inflammatory diseases and the maintenance of local immune cells, CCL5 expressed by cancer cells plays diverse roles in shaping cancer microenvironments toward their own survival. (nature.com)
  • Other studies reported that some cancer cells could repress their own CCL5 expression to hinder migration of anticancer immune cells toward cancer sites 15 , 16 . (nature.com)
  • Thus, cancer-derived CCL5 are generally utilized to evade host's antitumor responses, representing a procancer role of cancer-secreted CCL5. (nature.com)
  • Therefore, host CCL5 can obviously work as an anticancer molecule to mount relevant immune responses against some cancer cells. (nature.com)
  • Therefore, it might be safe to say that host CCL5 plays important roles in controlling cancer development but might create either pro- or anticancer environments according to the given situation, such as the type of cells that produce CCL5 and the type of cancers. (nature.com)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells up-regulate the invasive potential of prostate cancer cells via the eotaxin-3/CCR3 axis. (cancerindex.org)
  • We investigated the homing-related chemokine expression levels of MSCs treated with a prostate cancer cell line (PC-3) -conditioned medium. (cancerindex.org)
  • Ionizing radiation therapy (RT), either alone or in combination with additional immune stimulators, can render cancer cells visible to the immune system. (amegroups.org)
  • The interaction of all these factors could lead to cancer cells escaping the immune system ( 6 ). (amegroups.org)
  • This lack of efficacy may be because existing immunotherapies mainly target the interactions between cancer cells and immune cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The prevention and elimination of cancer cells are dependent on the host's immune system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The study and/or manipulation of administered cells can potentially result in identification of the exact cell subpopulations and effector functions required for cancer regression in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Clinical activity of TIL therapy has also been reported in other cancer types, including human papillomavirus-associated cancers, cholangiocarcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). (biomedcentral.com)
  • His work has served as the bedrock for the development of T cell therapies and CAR-T therapy, offering hope and new possibilities in the realm of cancer treatment. (cancerresearch.org)
  • New strategies including monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors explore molecular targets that are normally deregulated in cancer cells, and represent a new hope for patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Multiplex fluorescence immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the protein level of Rab37 and CHI3L1, and localization of the tumor-infiltrating immune cells in allografts from mice or tumor specimens from cancer patients. (thno.org)
  • However, for cancer prevention, the elimination or inactivation of mutated cells is debated on whether this is a prime function of the immune system. (studylib.net)
  • However, tumor cells can evade host's immune surveillance using a number of protective mechanisms, including downregulation of MHC-I molecules, secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines, in other words, TGF-β and IL-10, secretion of immunosuppressive factors, VEGF, upregulation of PD-L1 and downregulation of co-stimulatory molecules thereby preventing activation of T cells, resulting in cancer invasion. (studylib.net)
  • In fact, cancer cells, in particular renal and breast cells express high levels of PD-L1 leading to poor patient survival [15,16]. (studylib.net)
  • Furthermore, upregulation of PD-L1 by cancer cells results in cancer invasion and correlates with poor prognostic outcomes in breast, gastric, meningioma, non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and soft-tissue sarcoma patients [9,26-29]. (studylib.net)
  • In cultured primary fibroblasts and cancer cells, the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin causes mtDNA damage and release, which leads to cGAS STING dependent ISG activation. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Vasculogenesis is the coalescence of new blood vessels from individual endothelial cells or progenitor cells. (hindawi.com)
  • This suggested that EPCs are able to differentiate into endothelial cells and that such cells are incorporated into sites of active angiogenesis including ischemia, tumor angiogenesis, and metastasis in adult organisms [ 16 , 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • However, PDAC is characterized by an abundant tumor stroma that includes a heterogeneous mixture of immune cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, neurons and some molecular events. (biomedcentral.com)
  • IL-33 induces T cells to produce IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, and potently induces pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines through a Th2-dependent pathway, and also promotes Th1-type responses ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Myeloid cells promote tumor growth by stimulating tumor angiogenesis, suppressing tumor immunity, and promoting metastasis to distinct sites. (hindawi.com)
  • In studies on mouse mammary carcinoma, the IL-33/ST2 pathway promotes BC progression and metastasis through increased intratumoral accumulation of immunosuppressive cells and by diminishing innate anti-tumor immunity ( 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Deletion of the proximal enhancer decreases CCL5 expression and augments the cytotoxic activity of tissue-resident T and NK cells, which coincides with reduced melanoma metastasis in mouse models. (nature.com)
  • He has delineated the function of these molecules in diverse set of biological processes including: 1) gut and kidney formation, 2) vascular permeability, 3) mucosal inflammatory disease, 4) stem cell homing and migration, and 5) epithelial tumor progression. (ubc.ca)
  • It is highly expressed in eosinophils and basophils, and is also detected in TH1 and TH2 cells, as well as in airway epithelial cells. (cancerindex.org)
  • However, it is believed that a T-cell-mediated response, which triggers the apoptosis of oral epithelial cells, may contribute to the development of this disorder. (bvsalud.org)
  • Isoforms of Wilms' tumor suppressor gene (WT1) have distinct effects on mammary epithelial cells. (famri.org)
  • Loss of tissue is then repaired in a complex process that involves tissue-resident immune, stromal, and epithelial cells, as well as infiltrating immune cells [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. (lookformedical.com)
  • The binding of T cells expressing PD-1 and tumor cells expressing PD-L1 initiates an array of inhibitory signals resulting in reduced function and/or apoptosis of T cells [8,11] providing a mechanism for tumor cell evasion of host's immune surveillance [12-14]. (studylib.net)
  • Tissue-resident memory CD8 T cells (TRM) principally reside in peripheral nonlymphoid tissues, such as lung and skin, and confer protection against a variety of illnesses ranging from infections to cancers. (bvsalud.org)
  • This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth. (lookformedical.com)
  • Therefore, we propose that damage to and subsequent release of mtDNA elicits a protective signalling response that enhances nDNA repair in cells and tissues, suggesting that mtDNA is a genotoxic stress sentinel. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • In this review, we discuss the common and distinct metabolic profiles of Tregs in peripheral tissues and the TME, as well as the differences between Tregs and other conventional T cells in their metabolic preferences. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of cryptotanshinone (CPT), naringenin, and their combination in modulating the immune response towards Th1 cells and the involvement of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in these effects. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The 2022 William B. Coley Award for Distinguished Research in Basic Immunology was shared by Drs. Vishva Dixit, Judy Lieberman, Feng Shao, and Hao Wu in recognition of the importance of their discoveries regarding gasdermins, the proteins that rip open cell membranes during an inflammatory form of cell death called pyroptosis. (cancerresearch.org)
  • Cell 2022, 185: 2452-2468.e16. (yalemedicine.org)
  • Methods Genomic analysis were performed to find specific mutations in B16F1 melanoma cells. (bmj.com)
  • Cell surface glycoproteins that bind to chemokines and thus mediate the migration of pro-inflammatory molecules. (lookformedical.com)
  • Furthermore, we describe a subset of myeloid cells with immunosuppressive activity (known as myeloid-derived suppressor cells). (hindawi.com)
  • The immunosuppressive TME of PDAC is characterized by T cell exhaustion resulting in the loss of cytotoxic effector functions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. (lookformedical.com)
  • Rab37 mediated CHI3L1 intracellular vesicle trafficking and exocytosis in a GTP-dependent manner, which is abolished in the splenocytes and BMDMs from Rab37 knockout mice and attenuated in macrophage or T cell lines expressing the inactive Rab37. (thno.org)
  • Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is an important member of the IL-1 family, and in humans is expressed predominantly in skin, lung, adipocytes, and synovial fibroblasts ( 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In this study, human osteosarcoma cells (LGC Standard GmbH, Wesel, AZD6244 cell line Germany), osteoblast-like cell types with the morphology of human fibroblasts, were used. (mirnadatabase.com)
  • in 1993, these cells have the characteristics of proliferative wound fibroblasts [14]. (mirnadatabase.com)
  • The activation of DCs is characterized by the upregulation of cell surface molecules involved in antigen presentation and costimulation (e.g. (amegroups.org)
  • It is likely that polyclonal B-cell lymphoproliferation in AIDS is a complex result of EBV infection, HIV antigenic stimulation, and T-cell-dependent HIV activation. (lookformedical.com)
  • Finally, it retrospectively analyze the activation strategies and clinical relevance of existing γδ T cell adoptive immunotherapies. (explorationpub.com)
  • The acronym RANTES refers to Regulated on Activation, Normal T Expressed and Secreted. (lookformedical.com)
  • Specifically, the timely orchestration of pro- and anti-inflammatory responses, based on the activation and inhibition of various cell types, such as tissue-resident cells and different types of immune cells, can significantly impact wound repair [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this review, we discuss the role of myeloid cells in promoting tumor angiogenesis. (hindawi.com)
  • Ali MA, Choy H, Habib AA, Saha D. SNS-032 prevents tumor cell-induced angiogenesis by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor. (famri.org)
  • Animal models with recombinant IL-2-secreting strains of BCG have shown an enhanced antitumor cytotoxicity and local immune response when compared with BCG alone [14-16]. (blogspot.com)
  • Some tumor cell-inherent resistance mechanisms, such as the tumor mutational burden and aberrant expression of oncogenic pathways, restrain antitumor immunity [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These cells can be activated ex vivo to exhibit a potent antitumor effector function. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Various factors in the process contribute to impact the in vivo persistence and durable antitumor effects of CAR T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recent studies using neutralizing anti-CCL5 antibodies have suggested that the constitutive expression of CCL5 plays a regulatory role in maintaining tissue-resident memory (Trm) T cells in the human vaginal tract 9 and mouse skin 10 , suggesting that constitutive CCL5 expression in noninflamed conditions, hereafter referred to as homeostatic CCL5 expression, might be important for homeostasis of tissue-resident lymphocytes. (nature.com)
  • They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation. (lookformedical.com)
  • A form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small and medium lymphocytes and small cleaved cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • A classification of B-lymphocytes based on structurally or functionally different populations of cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • A CC-type chemokine secreted by activated MONOCYTES and T-LYMPHOCYTES. (lookformedical.com)
  • Additionally, IL-2 augments the immune system through a variety of interactions with NK cells, monocytes and Th1 cells [9,10]. (blogspot.com)
  • Additionally, the population of intra-tumor CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + T cells was significantly lower in naringenin + CPT treated animals than that in controls. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Additionally, these cells show highly flexible and dynamic plasticity and are extremely easily polarized into regulatory phenotypes. (explorationpub.com)
  • The interleukin-1 (IL-1) family is a growing group of cytokines, consisting of at least 11 members, and the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines is crucial in the pathogenesis of many human diseases ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Deletion of IL-33/ST2 function enhances cytotoxicity of NK cells and increases levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-17, and systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to attenuated tumor growth ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition to the direct effects of radiation, the ensuing immune response promotes the expression of inflammatory and immunostimulatory mediators, which act on neighboring, non-irradiated, cells. (amegroups.org)
  • 10] Glomerular mesangial cells (MCs) have been reported to produce a wide variety of proinflammatory molecules that play an important role in immune and inflammatory reactions in the kidney, and MCs itself are thought to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of renal diseases. (mirnadatabase.com)
  • Adenosine exerts anti-inflammatory effects on a number of immune cells types. (guidetomalariapharmacology.org)
  • Through gene knockout studies he has shown that these molecules act as a type of molecular "Teflon" to make cells more mobile and invasive and also facilitate chemotaxis. (ubc.ca)
  • There is also a need for rational combinations beyond interleukin (IL)-2 and programmed death (PD)-1/ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA)-4 immune checkpoint blockade and to combat exhaustion and restore costimulatory functions, e.g., with gene-engineered or pharmacologic agent-treated TILs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1). (lookformedical.com)
  • Cluster of differentiation (CD) 4 + T cells are essential organizers of cell-mediated immunity, participating in each stage of the immune response. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • As a consequence, they cannot directly activate the specific CD4+ T cell-mediated tumor immunity, which is essential for the development of adaptive immune responses. (amegroups.org)
  • Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. (lookformedical.com)
  • Interleukin 33 (IL-33) induces IL-9 expression and secretion in T cells, which was confirmed by the results obtained in mice by using Human in vitro system. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here we identify two stage-specific enhancers: the proximal enhancer mediates the constitutive CCL5 expression during the steady state, while the distal enhancer located 1.35 Mb from the promoter induces CCL5 expression in activated cells. (nature.com)
  • CCL5 is a unique chemokine with distinct stage and cell-type specificities for regulating inflammation, but how these specificities are achieved and how CCL5 modulates immune responses is not well understood. (nature.com)
  • It is constitutively expressed in the skin and may play a role in T-CELL trafficking during cutaneous INFLAMMATION. (lookformedical.com)
  • A monocyte chemoattractant protein that has activity towards a broad variety of immune cell types. (lookformedical.com)
  • The analysis of IL-9 expression in different types of tumours such as Large cell anaplastic lymphoma (LCAL) and Hodgkin's Disease (HD) by Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization has showed that IL-9 is not involved as an autocrine growth factor in the pathogenesis of most B and T-cell lymphomas, but it may have a part in HD and LCAL autocrine growth. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, mtDNA stress in TFAM-deficient mouse melanoma cells produces tumours that are more resistant to doxorubicin in vivo. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Bystander effects are mediated via cell-to-cell gap junctions or through secreted, diffusible signaling molecules into the local milieu. (amegroups.org)
  • Conclusion: T-cell subsets (CD4 and CD8) were found in the OLP infiltrates. (bvsalud.org)
  • The functions of different memory CD8 T cell subsets have been linked with distinct metabolic pathways and differ from other CD8 T cell subsets. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is of great significance to gain insight into the classification of γδ T cell subsets. (explorationpub.com)
  • In interaction with other non-immune cells, such immune cell subsets ensure the functionality and integrity of the skin layers [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • IFN-α (interferon-alpha) is known to stimulate NK (natural killer ) cells, induce MHC (major histocompatibility complex) class I response, augments the ability of Th1 (T-helper cells) and increase antibody recognition -- all mechanisms that stimulate the immune response in the bladder [2,3]. (blogspot.com)
  • Tumor cells develop multiple and complex mechanisms to fully escape immune surveillance. (amegroups.org)
  • One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). (lookformedical.com)
  • During the past decades, an increasing body of work has shed light on the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the transformation of normal cells into cancerous cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, study on factors and mechanisms that limit the in vivo persistence of CAR T cells is crucial for developing strategies to overcome these limitations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this review, we summarize the rapidly developing knowledge regarding the factors that influence CAR T cells in vivo persistence and the underlying mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, study on factors and mechanisms that limit the in vivo persistence of CAR T cells is crucial for developing strategies to reduce the probability of tumor relapse and improve the long-term disease-free survival for patients who are treated with CAR T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this review, we summarize the rapidly developing knowledge regarding the influence factors and mechanisms of poor CAR T cells persistence, and also the potential strategies to overcome these limitations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bystander effects induced by radiation are characterized by biological responses, which are observed in non-irradiated cells that are in the vicinity of irradiated cells. (amegroups.org)
  • Adjuvants formulated with a TLR9 agonist, CpG-2722, with various cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) that are STING agonists increased germinal center B cell response and elicited humoral immune responses in immunized mice. (ijbs.com)
  • The expanded targeting cell populations, the increased germinal center B cell response, and reshaped T helper responses are the molecular bases for the cooperative adjuvant effect of the combination of TLR9 and STING agonists. (ijbs.com)
  • Immune cells engage in extensive and dynamic crosstalk with stromal components in the tumor tissue in addition to tumor cells, which subsequently impacts tumor suppression or promotion to a large extent. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ACKR3 binds the chemokine CXCL12 (stromal cell-derived factor 1, SDF-1 which is also a ligand for CXCR4). (guidetomalariapharmacology.org)
  • So, it was named IL-9 based on its biological effects on both myeloid and lymphoid cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • The present study investigated the expression of T helper (Th)17 cytokines in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and their clinical significance in providing new therapeutic insights. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Consideration of the genetic identity of both the Dengue and Zika flaviviruses as well as the cross-reactivity of relevant T cells along with the actions of CD4+ cytotoxic cells in these infections are also presented. (frontiersin.org)
  • 13 ] isolated mononuclear cells from human peripheral blood that were enriched for expression of the hematopoietic stem cell marker CD34 [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • METHODS: We used mass cytometry with 25 marker panels for T-cell immune profiling in peripheral blood T cells (CD3+) from 22 patients with BEL-treated SLE and 20 controls with non-BEL-treated SLE. (bvsalud.org)
  • [email protected] ‡ Authors contributed equally Aim: Expression of PD-1 on T/B cells regulates peripheral tolerance and autoimmunity. (studylib.net)
  • and, in response to antigen, are subsequently secreted by plasma cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Therefore, exploration of the interactions between the stroma and immune cells may offer new therapeutic opportunities for PDAC. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Experimental evidence generated over the last few years has exposed a promising role for TR1 cells as targets of therapeutic intervention in immune-mediated diseases. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this context, regulatory T cells (Tregs) hold a key role in balancing immune homeostasis and mediating cutaneous wound healing. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a pivotal role in this context. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To this end and within their broad functionality and operationality, Tregs are able to adopt unique features of skin cells and contribute to the skin's role as an immune barrier. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There his work focused on transcriptional control of hematopoietic stem cell maturation and cell fate. (ubc.ca)
  • In addition, he identified a number of novel hematopoietic stem cell surface proteins and began analyzing their function. (ubc.ca)
  • In this regard, his lab has identified a novel family of hematopoietic cell surface proteins, called the CD34 family, and shown that these are essential for a number of developmentally important processes. (ubc.ca)
  • IL-9 was found to be the first physiological stimulus triggering BCL3 expression in T cells and mast cells by the analysis done in mouse. (wikipedia.org)