AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsPhenomena and ProcessesTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation Science
Ascorbate PeroxidasesAscorbic AcidAntioxidantsPeroxidasesAscorbate OxidaseHorseradish PeroxidaseGlutathione PeroxidaseHydrogen PeroxideGuaiacolCytochrome-c PeroxidaseCatalasePeroxidaseOxidative StressOxidation-ReductionDehydroascorbic AcidPlant LeavesSuperoxide DismutaseChloroplast ProteinsGlutathione ReductaseChloroplastsGlutathioneGene Expression Regulation, PlantLipid PeroxidationSpinacia oleraceaReactive Oxygen SpeciesPeasPlant ProteinsArabidopsisCytosolFree RadicalsAscorbic Acid DeficiencyDroughtsTobaccoMolecular Sequence DataEosinophil PeroxidaseFree Radical ScavengersPhotosynthesisArabidopsis ProteinsFabaceaeSeedlingSalicylic AcidIodide PeroxidaseVitamin EPicratesSodium-Coupled Vitamin C TransportersChlorophyllPlants, MedicinalPlant RootsPlants, Genetically ModifiedParaquatKineticsPeroxisomesAmino Acid SequencePlants, ToxicAbscisic AcidScurvyThylakoidsGenes, PlantIsoenzymesPlantsOxidantsLightSoybeansPlant ExtractsStress, PhysiologicalRoot Nodules, PlantMalondialdehydePeroxidesPhenolsPeroxiredoxinsBase SequenceEscherichia coli O157Leishmania major
CatalaseHydrogen peroxideSuperoxideEnzymesAscorbic acidAccumulationRedox-active transitionExogenousActivatesOxidative stressConcentrationsNADPHRole of antioxidantsImportance of antioxidantsEndogenousDonatesMechanismAnionReactionsSignaling moleculeSignificantlyPhotosynthesisVivoAscorbylTissuesSeedlingsRadicalsSensitivityMaizeActivityFree radicalCornPhysiologicalProtectiveToleranceRelationGrowthMechanismsCapacityEffectTreatment
Catalase6
  • Furthermore, the intracellular generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exhibited a positive correlation with higher TM dosages, while the levels of vital antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), exhibited a discernible decrease. (bvsalud.org)
  • In latest several years, considerable proof has gathered suggesting that physiologically relevant concentrations of SA remedy can boost H2O2 levels, and H2O2 has been proposed as currently being functionally downstream of SA in plants dependent on the proof that SA can participate in regulating the antioxidant enzymes, these kinds of as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) [61,78,91-94]. (idhinhibitor.com)
  • In fact, a lower capacity to destroy H2O2-e.g., by catalase, peroxiredoxins, and GSH peroxidases-may cause tumor cells to grow and proliferate more rapidly than normal cells in response to low concentrations of H2O2. (thestemcellfoundation.com)
  • Exposure to Se or mimosine exhibited a differential response in the mitochondrial catalase and ascorbate peroxidase (Asc-Px) activities. (typeset.io)
  • production rate, H 2 O 2 content and membrane permeability, maintained high activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and reduced the increase in activities of lipase, phospholipase D (PLD) and lipoxygenase (LOX). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the human cell, antioxidant molecules include both nonenzymatic compounds such as glutathione (GSH), thioredoxin (Trx), ascorbate, α -tocopherol, β -carotene, and coenzyme Q10 and enzymes such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Hydrogen peroxide8
Superoxide4
  • Transient expression and RNA interference silencing of ZmMAP65-1a in mesophyll protoplasts further revealed that ZmMAP65-1a is required for the BR-induced increase in expression and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). (edu.hk)
  • In cells , antioxidants such as glutathione , mycothiol or bacillithiol , and enzyme systems like superoxide dismutase , can prevent damage from oxidative stress . (wikipedia.org)
  • Reduced transition metal ions, in contrast to ascorbic acid, readily react with O2, reducing it to superoxide radicals (Reaction 2), which in turn dismutate to form H2O2 and O2 (Reaction 3): The H2O2 produced this way (Reactions 1-3) seems to be key to ascorbate's antitumor effect because H2O2 causes cancer cells to undergo apoptosis, pyknosis, and necrosis (2). (thestemcellfoundation.com)
  • Biochemistry bioassays confirmed the involvement of monooxygenase enzyme, carboxylesterase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase in multi-insecticide resistance mechanism. (preprints.org)
Enzymes9
  • Additionally, TM was found to enhance the activity of a plethora of enzymes involved in the detoxification of pesticides, including peroxidase (POD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), thereby indicating a robust detoxification response by A. platensis. (bvsalud.org)
  • In contrast, higher concentrations of EBL showed some inhibitory effects on the activity of antioxidant enzymes. (bvsalud.org)
  • The results indicated that EBL seed priming intensifies the antioxidant enzymes system activity, and helps maize plants against toxic effects of DZ under proper concentration. (bvsalud.org)
  • Likewise, transient expression of ZmMPK5 enhanced BR-induced activities of the antioxidant defence enzymes SOD and APX in a ZmMAP65-1a-dependent manner. (edu.hk)
  • Explore the latest questions and answers in Antioxidant Enzymes, and find Antioxidant Enzymes experts. (researchgate.net)
  • Haemoglobin is a serious problem during purification and analysis of antioxidant enzymes from red blood cells. (researchgate.net)
  • These results indicated that MAP in combination with low temperature storage reduced lignification of minimally processed WBS, which was closely associated with maintenance of energy status and enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes, as well as reduced alleviation of membrane damage caused by ROS. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nrf2 activates transcription of antioxidant enzymes by binding to the antioxidant response element (ARE) in the promoter regions of its target genes [ 23 , 24 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Both "direct" and "indirect" antioxidant enzymes are regulated by Nrf2. (hindawi.com)
Ascorbic acid2
  • As part of their adaptation from marine life, terrestrial plants began producing non-marine antioxidants such as ascorbic acid ( vitamin C ), polyphenols and tocopherols . (wikipedia.org)
  • [12] These preservatives include natural antioxidants such as ascorbic acid (AA, E300) and tocopherols (E306), as well as synthetic antioxidants such as propyl gallate (PG, E310), tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA, E320) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT, E321). (wikipedia.org)
Accumulation4
  • Conversely, transient expression of ZmMAP65-1a in maize mesophyll protoplasts enhanced BR-induced H 2 O 2 accumulation, while transient silencing of ZmMAP65-1a blocked the BR-induced expression of NADPH oxidase genes and inhibited BR-induced H 2 O 2 accumulation. (edu.hk)
  • In distinction, other scientific studies report that SA accumulation could be induced by elevated H2O2 amounts [97,ninety eight]. (idhinhibitor.com)
  • EPR spectroscopy measurements demonstrate that salinity (NaCl) triggers the accumulation of root apoplastic ascorbyl radicals in an A9C-dependent manner, confirming that l-ascorbate leaks through anion channels under depolarization. (deepdyve.com)
  • Here, the effects of solutions with different concentrations of NaCl on the organic osmolytes, ion accumulation, and antioxidant enzyme activity of hibiscus seedling leaves were determined. (mdpi.com)
Redox-active transition3
  • These data show that apoplastic redox-active transition metals are involved in the ascorbate-induced [Ca2+]cyt. (deepdyve.com)
  • However, ascorbate readily donates an electron to redox-active transition metal ions, such as cupric (Cu2+) or ferric (Fe3+) ions, reducing them to cuprous (Cu+) and ferrous (Fe2+) ions, respectively (Reaction 1). (thestemcellfoundation.com)
  • The chemical reactions linking ascorbate to H2O2, as explained above (Reactions 1-3), require a redox-active transition metal-without it, ascorbate cannot exert pro-oxidant effects. (thestemcellfoundation.com)
Exogenous3
  • Both exogenous and BR-induced endogenous H2O2 increased the expression of ZmMAP65-1a. (edu.hk)
  • Exogenous copper and iron stimulate the ascorbate-induced [Ca2+]cyt. (deepdyve.com)
  • Exogenous ascorbate also induces a moderate increase in programmed cell death symptoms in intact roots, but it does not activate Ca2+ influx currents in patch-clamped root protoplasts. (deepdyve.com)
Activates2
  • In addition, H2O2 activates SA biosynthesis through stimulation of BA2H (benzoic acid two-hydroxylase) action [97], which is also observed in tobacco cells. (idhinhibitor.com)
  • The results suggest that Se is an antioxidant or it activates protective mechanisms, which can alleviate oxidative stress in the chloroplasts, and improve the recovery of chlorophyll content following light stress. (typeset.io)
Oxidative stress2
Concentrations4
  • In addition, low concentrations of EBL elevated the free radical scavenging capacity (DPPH), iron-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), photosynthesis rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and proline, and protein contents. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is well known that H2O2 exerts dose-dependent effects on cell function, from growth stimulation at very low concentrations to growth arrest, apoptosis, and eventually necrosis as H2O2 concentrations increase (8). (thestemcellfoundation.com)
  • Identification of this metal-containing protein will be critical because it seems to be the cause for millimolar concentrations of ascorbate to act as a pro-oxidant in interstitial fluid. (thestemcellfoundation.com)
  • These observations, combined with the inhibitory effect on xenograft growth, provide the proof of concept that millimolar concentrations of extracellular ascorbate, achievable by i.p. injection or i.v. infusion in experimental animals and humans, respectively, exert pro-oxidant, antitumor effects in vivo. (thestemcellfoundation.com)
NADPH1
  • DPI, a distinct inhibitor of membrane-joined NADPH oxidase, which is one particular of the principal resources of H2O2 development in plant cells, inhibited NADPH oxidase activity and also inhibited ARF in mung bean hypocotyls. (idhinhibitor.com)
Role of antioxidants3
  • Early research on the role of antioxidants in biology focused on their use in preventing the oxidation of unsaturated fats , which is the cause of rancidity . (wikipedia.org)
  • This review is to assess the mode of action and role of antioxidants in protecting plants from stress caused by the presence of heavy metals in the environment. (typeset.io)
  • The aim of this review is to assess the mode of action and role of antioxidants in protecting plants from stress caused by the presence of heavy metals in the environment. (typeset.io)
Importance of antioxidants2
  • However, it was the identification of vitamins C and E as antioxidants that revolutionized the field and led to the realization of the importance of antioxidants in the biochemistry of living organisms . (wikipedia.org)
  • You are on rotations in an underserved primary care clinic when you come across a patient who can't stop talking about the importance of antioxidants. (mockdocs.org)
Endogenous1
  • The improvement of adventitious roots are blocked in hypocotyls taken care of with DMTU or DPI (Determine four), implying that endogenous H2O2 plays a pivotal function in adventitious rooting. (idhinhibitor.com)
Donates1
  • In water solutions, this substance is present as a monovalent anion, ascorbate- (Asc-), which easily donates electrons to oxidized molecules and scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS). (deepdyve.com)
Mechanism2
  • This mechanism may underlie ascorbate release, signalling phenomena, apoplastic redox reactions, iron acquisition, and control the ionic and electrical equilibrium (together with K+ efflux via GORK channels). (deepdyve.com)
  • Whatever the exact mechanism, the increased sensitivity of tumor cells to killing by H2O2 may provide the specificity and "therapeutic window" for the antitumor effect of extracellular ascorbate (1, 2). (thestemcellfoundation.com)
Anion1
  • Intriguingly, the replacement of gluconate with ascorbate in the patch-clamp pipette reveals a large ascorbate efflux current, which shows sensitivity to the anion channel blocker, anthracene-9-carboxylic acid (A9C), indicative of the ascorbate release via anion channels. (deepdyve.com)
Reactions4
  • [9] Research into how vitamin E prevents the process of lipid peroxidation led to the identification of antioxidants as reducing agents that prevent oxidative reactions, often by scavenging reactive oxygen species before they can damage cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Antioxidants are an especially important class of preservatives as, unlike bacterial or fungal spoilage, oxidation reactions still occur relatively rapidly in frozen or refrigerated food. (wikipedia.org)
  • These molecules undergo free radical chain reactions, but antioxidants inhibit them by preventing the oxidation processes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Antioxidant systems in the cell can be categorized into two consecutive phase reactions: phase I and phase II reactions [ 9 - 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
Signaling molecule1
  • The outcomes advise that H2O2 may perform as a downstream signaling molecule or associated in a parallel pathway in the SA-induced formation and improvement of AR in mung bean seedlings. (idhinhibitor.com)
Significantly5
  • RESULTS: Our findings unequivocally demonstrated that TM exposure significantly inhibited the growth of A. platensis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Inhibiting the activity and gene expression of ZmMPK5 significantly prevented the BR-induced expression of ZmMAP65-1a. (edu.hk)
  • Nonetheless, when DMTU was utilized as a entice for H2O2, the number of SA-induced ARF was significantly reduced, suggesting that SA requires H2O2 to initiate adventitious rooting. (idhinhibitor.com)
  • The germination percentage of aged corn seeds treated with H2O2 was significantly greater than those without H2O2 treatment. (researchgate.net)
  • showed that the effect of H2O2 on corn seed germination was significantly greater than for seed treated with aerated water but no H2O2. (researchgate.net)
Photosynthesis1
  • The evolution of angiosperm plants between 50 and 200 million years ago resulted in the development of many antioxidant pigments - particularly during the Jurassic period - as chemical defences against reactive oxygen species that are byproducts of photosynthesis . (wikipedia.org)
Vivo2
  • In view of the existing contradictory benefits 1235034-55-5 cost derived from in vitro and in vivo studies, the method by which SA improves H2O2 manufacturing in vivo and the relative significance of this kind of SA-increased H2O2 remains unclear. (idhinhibitor.com)
  • Known dietary antioxidants are vitamins A , C , and E , but the term antioxidant has also been applied to numerous other dietary compounds that only have antioxidant properties in vitro , with little evidence for antioxidant properties in vivo . (wikipedia.org)
Ascorbyl3
  • In contrast, the protein must be absent or inactive in blood, otherwise ascorbate would become oxidized to the ascorbyl radical or be unstable, which is not observed (1). (thestemcellfoundation.com)
  • 1) provide no direct evidence for the existence of the metalloprotein or the formation of reduced transition metal ions by extracellular ascorbate, they measure the other reaction product formed between ascorbate and the putative metal center, i.e., the ascorbyl radical (Reaction 1). (thestemcellfoundation.com)
  • They also show that the concentration of the ascorbyl radical correlates with the concentration of H2O2 in interstitial fluid, whereas no H2O2 can be detected in blood or plasma (3, 9). (thestemcellfoundation.com)
Tissues1
  • They show formation of this radical in a time-dependent and ascorbate-dose-dependent manner in interstitial fluid of tissues, including tumor xenografts, but not in blood (1, 3). (thestemcellfoundation.com)
Seedlings1
  • An early study by Narimanov (2000) reported enhanced germination, emergence and development of seedlings using a short seed soaking treatment with H2O2 in a wide variety of crops including corn (Zea mays L.), beans (Phaseolus sp. (researchgate.net)
Radicals1
  • Antioxidants are compounds that inhibit oxidation (usually occurring as autoxidation ), a chemical reaction that can produce free radicals . (wikipedia.org)
Sensitivity1
  • The reason for the increased sensitivity of tumor cells to H2O2 is not clear but may be due to lower antioxidant defenses (7). (thestemcellfoundation.com)
Maize2
  • In this study, the role of the maize 65kDa microtubule-associated protein (MAP65), ZmMAP65-1a, in BR-induced antioxidant defence was investigated. (edu.hk)
  • These results suggest that BR-induced antioxidant defence in maize operates through the interaction of ZmMPK5 with ZmMAP65-1a. (edu.hk)
Activity4
  • [6] Antioxidant activity could be measured simply by placing the fat in a closed container with oxygen and measuring the rate of oxygen consumption. (wikipedia.org)
  • [7] [8] The possible mechanisms of action of antioxidants were first explored when it was recognized that a substance with anti-oxidative activity is likely to be one that is itself readily oxidized. (wikipedia.org)
  • I will be thankful if anybody answer my question and send me a clear protocol to measure ABTS Radical scavenging activity of protein samples.I want to measure antioxidant capacity of my samples by ABTS assay. (researchgate.net)
  • Peroxidase activity registered a significant increase by threefold in mitochondria and fourfold in soluble fraction in both Se and mimosine groups. (typeset.io)
Free radical1
  • elevation, while cation channel blockers, free radical scavengers, low extracellular [Ca2+], transition metal chelators, and removal of the cell wall inhibit this reaction. (deepdyve.com)
Corn1
  • tested 24-h seed pre-treatments with H2O2 with 50 mM being optimal with improved seed germination, seedling vigour and growth in corn, squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Increased germination and seedling growth of peas (Pisum sativum L. 'Alaska') was shown by Barba-Espin et al. (researchgate.net)
Physiological2
  • Overall, these are very important physiological roles of AA relating this molecule exclusively to antioxidant functions. (deepdyve.com)
  • 2016) also suggested that H2O2 molecules play dual roles in plant physiological and developmental processes. (researchgate.net)
Protective1
  • The Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway plays a critical role in the regulation of a comprehensive and protective antioxidant response [ 22 ]. (hindawi.com)
Tolerance1
  • Brassinosteroid (BR)-induced antioxidant defence has been shown to enhance stress tolerance. (edu.hk)
Relation1
  • However, it is still unclear whether or not H2O2 includes signal transduction in relation to the improvement of SA-induced adventitious rooting. (idhinhibitor.com)
Growth2
  • Hence, vitamin C is postulated to exert local pro-oxidant effects in the interstitial fluid surrounding tumor cells, killing them or inhibiting their growth, while leaving normal cells intact (1-3). (thestemcellfoundation.com)
  • This dose-dependency may be shifted to the left in tumor cells, making them more sensitive to both the growth stimulatory and cytotoxic effects of H2O2. (thestemcellfoundation.com)
Mechanisms1
  • This suggests that TM compromises the antioxidant defense mechanisms of A. platensis. (bvsalud.org)
Capacity3
  • How can I measure Vitamin C Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (VCEAC) per g of sample? (researchgate.net)
  • Anyone know what is the best diluent for the quantification of the total antioxidant capacity in serum or plasma? (researchgate.net)
  • I´m looking for the best diluent for total antioxidant capacity in serum or plasma. (researchgate.net)
Effect1
  • The enhanced effects on germination with H2O2 have a) been reported for seed with pathogenic infestations (Szopniska, 2014) i.e. a biocidal effect, and b) mediated through the oxidation of germination inhibitors present in the seed coat or/and in the pericarp, i.e. a seed treatment effect. (researchgate.net)
Treatment1