• The vaccine efficacy of anthrax vaccine adsorbed in humans was initially established by Philip S. Brachman of the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) in a controlled study undertaken between 1954 and 1959. (wikipedia.org)
  • The vaccine was judged to have a 92.5% vaccine efficacy against all types of anthrax experienced. (wikipedia.org)
  • Subsequently, there were no controlled clinical trials in humans of the efficacy of anthrax vaccine adsorbed due to the rarity of the condition (especially in the inhalational form) in humans and the ethical inadmissibility of conducting dangerous challenge studies in human subjects. (wikipedia.org)
  • Vaccination of humans with anthrax vaccine adsorbed induces an immune response to PA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Knowledge gained in these investigations helped guide the public health response to the October 2001 intentional release of B. anthracis , especially by addressing the management of anthrax threats, prevention of occupational anthrax, use of antibiotic prophylaxis in exposed persons, use of vaccination, spread of B. anthracis spores in aerosols, clinical diagnostic and lab- oratory confirmation methods, techniques for environmental sampling of exposed surfaces, and methods for decontaminating buildings. (cdc.gov)
  • B. anthracis , the gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped tions, we searched indexes to the Morbidity and Mortality bacterium that causes anthrax (9), is most commonly a Weekly Report (MMWR) for anthrax-related reports for the zoonotic pathogen. (cdc.gov)
  • The MMWR series of publications is published by the Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333. (cdc.gov)
  • Anthrax vaccine adsorbed (Biothrax) is indicated for the active immunization for the prevention of disease caused by Bacillus anthracis in people aged 18 through 65 years of age. (wikipedia.org)
  • We used unpublished reports, published manuscripts, and communication with investigators to identify and summarize 49 anthrax-related epidemiologic field investigations conducted by the Centers for Dis- ease Control and Prevention from 1950 to August 2001. (cdc.gov)
  • In the US, the principal purchasers of the vaccine are the Department of Defense and Department of Health and Human Services. (wikipedia.org)
  • Anthrax vaccine adsorbed, adjuvanted (Cyfendus) is indicated for post-exposure prophylaxis of disease following suspected or confirmed exposure to Bacillus anthracis in people aged 18 through 65 years of age when administered in conjunction with recommended antibacterial drugs. (wikipedia.org)
  • There were 23 cases among controls (5 of them inhalation anthrax) compared with 3 cases among vaccinated (0 inhalation cases). (wikipedia.org)
  • To answer questions raised when the bioterrorism-related tions included epidemiology, vaccines (2,3), controlling cases of anthrax were identified in October 2001, we reviewed anthrax in industrial and agricultural settings (4), public health results of field investigations of anthrax. (cdc.gov)
  • It for epidemiologic assistance, interim progress reports, final includes many unpublished CDC reports on early anthrax reports, and memoranda. (cdc.gov)
  • The product has attracted some controversy owing to alleged adverse events and questions as to whether it is effective against the inhalational form of anthrax. (wikipedia.org)
  • The shelf-life of anthrax vaccine adsorbed is reported to be three years when stored between 2 °C and 8 °C (36 °F and 46 °F) and never frozen. (wikipedia.org)
  • We also identified response to bioterrorism events (5), B. anthracis contamina- current questions for which past experience with anthrax pro- tion of milk and meat (6), identifying B. anthracis- contami- vided relatively little information and for which further nated commercial products (7), decontamination methods for research is needed. (cdc.gov)
  • Cite this: Epidemiologic Response to Anthrax Outbreaks: Field Investigations, 1950-2001 - Medscape - Oct 01, 2002. (medscape.com)
  • To answer questions raised when the bioterrorism-related tions included epidemiology, vaccines (2,3), controlling cases of anthrax were identified in October 2001, we reviewed anthrax in industrial and agricultural settings (4), public health results of field investigations of anthrax. (cdc.gov)
  • Anthrax vaccine adsorbed is classified as a subunit vaccine that is cell-free and containing no whole or live anthrax bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Patient accidentally exposed to attenuated live anthrax vaccine while vaccinating horse, experienced severe myalgia and fatigue, then began antibiotic prophylaxis and recovered. (medscape.com)
  • In the US, the principal purchasers of the vaccine are the Department of Defense and Department of Health and Human Services. (wikipedia.org)
  • Concerns about the potential use of anthrax as a biologic weapon prompted the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) to announce on December 15, 1997, anthrax vaccination of all U.S. military personnel. (cdc.gov)
  • During the past 50 years, the scientific knowledge acquired in these field investigations has greatly improved the nation's ability to respond to anthrax outbreaks. (medscape.com)
  • Ten million courses (60 million doses) of the vaccine have been purchased for the US Strategic National Stockpile in anticipation of the need for mass vaccinations owing to a future bio-terrorist anthrax attack. (wikipedia.org)
  • records were analyzed for 4348 (63%) service members who already had received and could comment on their first (2427) or second (1921) vaccine doses. (cdc.gov)
  • These people should get five doses of vaccine (in the muscle): the first dose when risk of a potential exposure is identified, and the remaining doses at 4 weeks and 6, 12, and 18 months after the first dose. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These people should get three doses of vaccine (under the skin), with the first dose as soon after exposure as possible, and the second and third doses given 2 and 4 weeks after the first. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Anthrax vaccine adsorbed, sold under the brand name Biothrax among others, is a vaccine intended to provide acquired immunity against Bacillus anthracis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Anthrax vaccine adsorbed (Biothrax) is indicated for the active immunization for the prevention of disease caused by Bacillus anthracis in people aged 18 through 65 years of age. (wikipedia.org)
  • Anthrax vaccine adsorbed, adjuvanted (Cyfendus) is indicated for post-exposure prophylaxis of disease following suspected or confirmed exposure to Bacillus anthracis in people aged 18 through 65 years of age when administered in conjunction with recommended antibacterial drugs. (wikipedia.org)
  • We also identified response to bioterrorism events (5), B. anthracis contamina- current questions for which past experience with anthrax pro- tion of milk and meat (6), identifying B. anthracis- contami- vided relatively little information and for which further nated commercial products (7), decontamination methods for research is needed. (cdc.gov)
  • B. anthracis , the gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped tions, we searched indexes to the Morbidity and Mortality bacterium that causes anthrax (9), is most commonly a Weekly Report (MMWR) for anthrax-related reports for the zoonotic pathogen. (cdc.gov)
  • This form of anthrax occurs when B. anthracis is inhaled, and is very serious. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The vaccine used in the United States does not contain B. anthracis cells and it does not cause anthrax. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Anyone who has had a serious allergic reaction to a previous dose of anthrax vaccine should not get another dose. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Anthrax vaccine adsorbed originated in studies done in the 1950s and was first licensed for use in humans in 1970. (wikipedia.org)
  • Anthrax is a serious disease that can affect both animals and humans. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Anyone who has a severe allergy to any vaccine component should not get a dose. (medlineplus.gov)
  • If you have a moderate or severe illness your provider might ask you to wait until you recover to get the vaccine. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Like any medicine, a vaccine could cause a serious problem, such as a severe allergic reaction. (medlineplus.gov)
  • As with any vaccine, other severe problems have been reported. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Anthrax and botulinum toxin initially were investigated for use as weapons, and sufficient quantities of botulinum toxin and anthrax cattle cakes were stockpiled by June 1944 to allow limited retaliation if the Germans first used biological agents. (medscape.com)
  • The Vollum strain was the same one weaponized by the old U.S. biological warfare program. (wikipedia.org)
  • During World War I, the Germans developed anthrax, glanders, cholera, and a wheat fungus for use as biological weapons. (medscape.com)
  • The German-American physician Anton Dilger established a secret biological laboratory in Chevy Chase, Maryland, with the intent to grow the causative agents of anthrax and glanders. (medscape.com)
  • As with the Sterne (veterinary) anthrax vaccine strain and the similar British anthrax vaccine (known as AVP), anthrax vaccine adsorbed lacks the capsule plasmid pXO2 (required for full virulence) and is composed chiefly of the anthrax protective antigen (PA) with small amounts of edema factor (EF) and lethal factor (LF) that may vary from lot to lot. (wikipedia.org)
  • The British had tested anthrax bombs on Gruinard Island off the northwest coast of Scotland in 1942 and 1943 and then prepared and stockpiled anthrax-laced cattle cakes. (medscape.com)
  • Anthrax is a very serious disease, and the risk of serious harm from the vaccine is extremely small. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Much useful knowledge, ranging from the diagnosis of anthrax to the use of vaccine to protect populations, has been gained from these past investigations. (medscape.com)
  • The potency of anthrax vaccine adsorbed vaccine lots is routinely determined both by the survival rates of parenterally challenged guinea pigs and their anti-PA antibody titres as measured by an enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). (wikipedia.org)
  • It for epidemiologic assistance, interim progress reports, final includes many unpublished CDC reports on early anthrax reports, and memoranda. (cdc.gov)