Infraorbital nerve trigeminal nerve. Medical search. Frequent questions

Carbamazepine USP, is an anticonvulsant and specific analgesic for trigeminal neuralgia, available for oral administration as extended-release tablets of 100 mg, 200 mg and 400 mg. (nih.gov)
In controlled clinical trials, carbamazepine has been shown to be effective in the treatment of psychomotor and grand mal seizures, as well as trigeminal neuralgia. (nih.gov)
Trigeminal neuralgia, or tic douloureux, is a condition characterized by attacks of facial pain in the area of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve . (amboss.com)
Trigeminal neuralgia is a clinical diagnosis . (amboss.com)
Classical trigeminal neuralgia ( CTN ) is caused by neurovascular compression of the trigeminal nerve root, while secondary trigeminal neuralgia (STN) is caused by an underlying condition (e.g., multiple sclerosis ). (amboss.com)
If there is no identifiable cause, it is referred to as idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (ITN). (amboss.com)
Secondary trigeminal neuralgia (STN): caused by a major underlying neurological disease, most frequently multiple sclerosis , a tumor at the cerebellopontine angle , or arteriovenous malformation . (amboss.com)
Patients with trigeminal neuralgia and an accompanying neurological deficit require urgent imaging studies (ideally MRI ) to rule out a mass or vascular abnormalities. (amboss.com)
We proposed to perform a comparative analysis of growth factors, cytokines, and chemokine receptors on the salivary cells in the saliva obtained from trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and normal subjects. (mdpi.com)
Introduction: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is defined as sudden, usually unilateral, severe and brief pain episodes within the distribution of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve. (bvsalud.org)
In some patients a constant background pain may persist, additionally to pain attacks, which can make difficult to differentiate the trigeminal neuralgia from other orofacial pain types. (bvsalud.org)
Objective: To review the classification, physiopathological aspects, epidemiologic data and pharmacological options to control pain related to trigeminal neuralgia. (bvsalud.org)
Carbamazepine is the first-line drug, but other anticonvulsants may be employed and have shown variable efficacy in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. (bvsalud.org)
Conclusion: According to the new classification of the International Headache Society, classic trigeminal neuralgia is divided in purely paroxysmal and with concomitant persistent facial pain. (bvsalud.org)
The pathophysiology is unclear, but trigeminal neuralgia seems to be the consequence of vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve near the brain stem. (bvsalud.org)
Although TN presents a low prevalence in general population (i.e. 5-30 new patients per 100,000), trigeminal neuralgia is an important clinical concern both by pain severity and difficulty of its satisfactory control. (bvsalud.org)
The most common type of craniofacial neuropathic pain is trigeminal neuralgia (TN), whose prevalence is estimated in 5-30 individuals at every 100,000 43 . (bvsalud.org)
In 1773, Fothergill described the typical features of trigeminal neuralgia, including its paroxysmal natural and association with triggering factors 13 . (bvsalud.org)
Trigeminal neuralgia is def ined by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) as a "sudden, usually unilateral, severe and brief pain episodes occurring in one the distribution of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve" 32,46 and characterized by severe, acute, electric shock-like piercing pain, followed by refractory period 3,24 . (bvsalud.org)
In most trigeminal neuralgia cases, only one branch is affected, mainly the maxillary, and about 30% of cases involve maxillary and mandibular branches. (bvsalud.org)
Both ophthalmic branch involvement and bilateral trigeminal neuralgia cases are rare 24 . (bvsalud.org)
The patients suffering trigeminal neuralgia have marked reduction in quality of life because they avoid any routine task that can trigger a pain crisis 24 . (bvsalud.org)
According to the new classification of the International Headache Society (IHS) 18 , classic trigeminal neuralgia is caused by neurovascular compression more frequently through the superior cerebellar artery and is divided into classical trigeminal neuralgia purely paroxysmal and classical trigeminal neuralgia with concomitant facial persistent facial pain. (bvsalud.org)
Before this new classification, trigeminal neuralgia was also classified as symptomatic and included cases in which the neuralgia was associated with other disorders such as traumas, tumors and multiple sclerosis. (bvsalud.org)
Medical therapy should be tried first in Trigeminal Neuralgia Treatment. (physiotherapy-treatment.com)
In 1962, Blom first reported the successful treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with carbamazepine, a new antiepileptic agent at that time. (physiotherapy-treatment.com)
Trigeminal neuralgia pain - Chewing, speaking, washing the face, tooth brushing, cold winds or touching a specific 'trigger spot', e.g. upper lip or gum, may also precipitate an attack of pain. (physiotherapy-treatment.com)
Trigeminal neuralgia more commonly affects females and patients over 50 years of age. (physiotherapy-treatment.com)
Persistence of pain o full drug dosage or an intolerance of the drugs, indicates the need for more radical trigeminal neuralgia treatment. (physiotherapy-treatment.com)
Operative trigeminal neuralgia treatment Peripheral nerve techniques nerve block with alcohol or phenol provides temporary relief (up to two years). (physiotherapy-treatment.com)
We are presenting three patients with various head and face pain conditions (post-herpetic neuralgia, chronic migraine, and trigeminal neuralgia). (mirxprotocol.com)
Subsequently, the patient was diagnosed with trigeminal neuralgia. (mirxprotocol.com)
A rare but notable complication of surgery nearby towards the trigeminal nerve is postoperative neuralgia . (earthslab.com)
Trigeminal neuralgia is a disorder characterized by recurrent unilateral brief electric shock-like pains, abrupt in onset and termination, limited to the distribution of one or more divisions of the trigeminal nerve. (radiologyassistant.nl)
Several conditions may cause trigeminal neuralgia, but the most common cause is neurovascular compression. (radiologyassistant.nl)
Trigeminal Neuralgia is so painful: 1) Prompt dentist or Endodontist to do emergency root canal 2. (raleighfacialpain.com)

It is innervated by the supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves of the first division of the trigeminal nerve. (medscape.com)
Procedure: The supraorbital, infraorbital, or mental nerve is stimulated electrically and the response recorded with surface electrodes. (amboss.com)
10 days later, she started experiencing migraines with the most intense pain being on the left infraorbital region and right supraorbital region. (mirxprotocol.com)
Infraorbital and supraorbital nerve blocks were administered. (mirxprotocol.com)
The superior margin, formed by the frontal bone, presents near its medial end either a supraorbital notch or a supraorbital foramen, which transmits the nerve and vessels of the same name. (dartmouth.edu)
In summary, the orbit communicates with the middle cranial fossa (via the optic canal and superior orbital fissure), the infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossae ( via the inferior orbital fissure), the inferior meatus of the nose (via the nasolacrimal canal), the nasal cavity (via the anterior ethmoidal foramen), and the face ( via supraorbital and infraorbital foramina). (dartmouth.edu)
This nerve is divided into 3 branches including the V1 ophthalmic nerve which exists the orbit via the supraorbital foramen and fissure and supplies sensation to the upper part of the face. (care-esthetics.com)

Options include microvascular decompression (MVD) and transcutaneous procedures that aim to lesion sensory fibers of the trigeminal nerve root or ganglion . (amboss.com)
Recently the Tx360 has been the center of pilot studies to evaluate the effectiveness of its method to administer a nerve block of the sphenopalatine ganglion nerve (SPG). (mirxprotocol.com)
Tx360 TM a Minimally-Invasive Technique for Sphenopalatine Ganglion Nerve Block in the treatment of head and face pain: a case series. (mirxprotocol.com)
It arises from the convex anterior border of the trigeminal ganglion, pierces the trigeminal cave of dura in order to attach to the lower part of the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus. (earthslab.com)
The maxillary nerve travels straight anteriorly from the trigeminal ganglion and often protects the parasellar and parasphenoid compartments from infratemporal exposure. (earthslab.com)
The components of the eighth cranial nerve (CN VIII) carrying axons that convey information regarding sound and balance between the spiral ganglion in the inner ear and the cochlear nuclei in the brainstem. (unboundmedicine.com)
The auricular branch of the vagus nerve is a sensory nerve emerging from the superior ganglion of the vagus nerve, joined by branches from the glossopharyngeal (CN IX) and facial nerves, and innervating the lower part of the tympanic membrane and the floor of the external auditory canal. (unboundmedicine.com)
The ophthalmic nerve, the first division of the trigeminal (fifth cranial) nerve, is a wholly afferent nerve that supplies the globe and conjunctiva, lacrimal gland and sac, nasal mucosa and frontal sinus, external nose, upper eyelid, forehead, and scalp, It arises from the trigeminal ganglion which contains the cell bodies of its sensory nerve fibers. (dartmouth.edu)
However, for surgeries occurring distal to the elbow, a combination radial, ulnar, median, musculocutaneous block is chosen because this technique lacks many of the more serious complications such as pneumothorax, cervicothoracic ganglion block with Horner's syndrome and phrenic nerve paralysis. (asra.com)
The motor nucleus is located in the upper pons and gives off the smaller motor root which bypasses the trigeminal ganglion and innervates the muscles of mastication as well as mylohyoid , the anterior belly of digastric , tensor tympani and tensor palatini . (pacs.de)
The trigeminal nerve exits at the mid pons anteriorly, courses through the prepontine cistern (cisternal portion), and crosses the porus trigeminus to enter a prolongation of dura at the apex of the petrous temporal bone known as the Meckel cave (cavernous portion) where its fibers form the trigeminal ganglion, which is also known as the Gasserian or semilunar ganglion. (pacs.de)
It gives branches to the pterygopalatine ganglion but also receives parasympathetic nerves from the ganglion via the greater petrosal nerve . (pacs.de)
It consists of a sensory root and a smaller motor root, the latter which bypasses the trigeminal ganglion inferiorly. (pacs.de)
The trigeminal nerve is shown emerging from the pons and its ganglion, resting on the trigeminal impression of the petrous apex. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
Sandwiched between these two vessels and coursing on the external surface of the ICA is the internal carotid nerve consisting of postganglionic sympathetic fibers that originate from the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)

[ 3 ] The second division, the maxillary nerve (V2), exits the skull from the foramen rotundum. (medscape.com)
The main trunk continues through the infraorbital canal within the floor of the orbit anteriorly, before emerging in the face through the infraorbital foramen lying between levator labii superioris and levator anguli oris muscles . (radiopaedia.org)
In order to reach the pterygopalatine fossa the nerve leaves the middle cranial fossa through foramen rotundum. (earthslab.com)
The infraorbital nerve travels forward alongside the floor of the orbit within the infraorbital groove and canal successively and via infraorbital foramen appears on the face. (earthslab.com)
The facial nerve emerges from the stylomastoid foramen, winds laterally to the styloid process and can then be exposed in the inverted V between the bony part of the external auditory meatus and the mastoid process. (rxdentistry.net)
The infraorbital foramen, for the nerve and artery of the same name, is less than 1 cm inferior to the inferior margin. (dartmouth.edu)
The V2 maxillary nerve which exists from the infraorbital foramen and innervates the midface. (care-esthetics.com)

The maxillary sinus is supplied by branches of the internal maxillary artery, which include the infraorbital, alveolar, greater palatine, and sphenopalatine arteries. (medscape.com)
At the junction of the medial wall with the roof, the anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina transmit the nerves and arteries of the same name. (dartmouth.edu)
Within this network, an array of arteries, veins and nerves also exist. (care-esthetics.com)
The maxillary artery, one of the terminal branches of the external carotid artery, traverses the infratemporal fossa giving rise to several branches, such as those shown here: inferior alveolar, middle meningeal, posterior superior alveolar, and infraorbital arteries. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
Greater and lesser palatine foramina (for palatine nerves and arteries) and posterior nasal spine Vomer 1. (slideshare.net)

Innervation periodontium and nerve supply of periodontal tissues occurs through the branches of the trigeminal nerve (Fig. 1-20). (dent-wiki.com)

It is innervated by branches of the second division of the trigeminal nerve , the infraorbital nerve, and the greater palatine nerves. (medscape.com)
The infraorbital nerve is a branch of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve . (radiopaedia.org)
The maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve , a.k.a. the maxillary nerve is a purely sensory nerve. (earthslab.com)

Materials and Methods: Neuropathic pain model was made with crushing method, by compressing the infraorbital nerve using the artery clamp for 15 seconds. (unair.ac.id)
Medially -lies the styloid process and its muscles separating the parotid from the internal jugular vein, internal carotid artery, last four cranial nerves and the lateral wall of the pharynx. (rxdentistry.net)
It transmits the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery from the middle cranial fossa. (dartmouth.edu)
The floor (maxilla, zygomatic, and palatine bones) presents the infraorbital groove and canal for the nerve and artery of the same name. (dartmouth.edu)
The sphenopalatine artery continues through the pterygomaxillary fissure into the pterygopalatine fossa where the maxillary nerve is also seen. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
The superior laryngeal artery, a branch of the superior thyroid, courses with the internal laryngeal nerve toward and through the thyrohyoid membrane to supply part of the interior of the larynx. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)

GM-CSF is also involved in bone cancer pain development by regulating tumor-nerve interactions, remodeling of peripheral nerves and sensitization of damage-sensing (nociceptive) nerves. (iasp-pain.org)
Peripheral trigeminal afferents (see below) were stimulated electrically to confirm that somato-parasympathetic reflex vasodilatation could be induced. (elsevierpure.com)
The peripheral cut ends of the facial and glossopharyngeal nerve roots, which have been reported to contain parasympathetic nerve fibers to the oral tissues, were then stimulated intracranially. (elsevierpure.com)
The neuronal cell bodies of a nerve's axons are in the brain, the spinal cord, or ganglia, but the nerves run only in the peripheral nervous system. (unboundmedicine.com)

The Jannetta procedure involves intracranial exploration of the trigeminal nerve root and removal of aberrant blood vessels. (physiotherapy-treatment.com)
In contrast, intracranial stimulation of the trigeminal nerve root induced increases in both PBF and LBF which were reduced by pre-treatment with tripelennamine, indicating antidromic vasodilatation via the trigeminal sensory nerve. (elsevierpure.com)

The mental nerve is a branch of the mandibular branch ( via the inferior alveolar nerve). (wikipedia.org)
The infraorbital nerve divides off the maxillary division in the pterygopalatine fossa just after it gives off the the posterior superior alveolar nerve . (radiopaedia.org)
Posterior superior alveolar nerve supplies the mucus membrane of the maxillary air sinus. (earthslab.com)
1. Along the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus Middle superior alveolar nerve stimulates the premolar teeth. (earthslab.com)
the inferior alveolar nerves innervate the lower teeth and gingivae. (unboundmedicine.com)
The anterior superior alveolar nerves, branches of the infraorbital nerve (from CN V2), run in canals in the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus and innervate the upper incisors, canines, premolars, and often part of the first molar. (unboundmedicine.com)
Sometimes there is a middle superior alveolar nerve that innervates the premolars and first molar. (unboundmedicine.com)
The posterior superior alveolar nerves (also from CN V2) innervate the rest of the upper molars. (unboundmedicine.com)
The inferior alveolar nerve (from CN V3) runs in the mandibular canal, giving off branches to the lower teeth and gingivae as it passes. (unboundmedicine.com)
And the maxillary teeth are supplied by the superior alveolar infraorbital nerve branches, which enter the infraorbital canal and divide into tiny branches that enter each root canal separately. (k9.rocks)
On the other side, the mandibular teeth, i.e., the teeth of the lower jaw, are supplied by branches of the inferior alveolar nerve, which runs in the mandibular canal. (k9.rocks)
Nerve receptors in the gums, alveolar bone and periodontal ligament to register pain, touch and pressure. (dent-wiki.com)
Innervation gums maxillary arch of the superior alveolar nerves (front, middle and rear branches), infraorbital nerve, and more, the Palatine hill and nasopalatine nerves (Fig. 1-21). (dent-wiki.com)
Innervation teeth and periodontal ligament maxillary arch of the superior alveolar nerves (front, middle and rear of the branches). (dent-wiki.com)
Innervation teeth and periodontal ligaments of the lower jaw arch from the Lower alveolar nerve. (dent-wiki.com)
The inferior alveolar and lingual nerves descend on the surface of the medial pterygoid muscle to the mandibular canal and floor of the mouth, respectively. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
The inferior alveolar nerve gives rise to the mylohyoid nerve, motor to the mylohyoid and anterior digastric muscles. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)

It then runs anteriorly in the inferior aspect of the extraconal space within the infraorbital groove . (radiopaedia.org)
From these nuclei, the trigeminal nerve courses anteriorly, to the ventrolateral surface of the pons to continue with the cisternal segment in the prepontine cistern. (radiologyassistant.nl)
Courses anteriorly in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus inferior to the trochlear nerve and is crossed medially by the oculomotor nerve . (pacs.de)

additionally it receives afferent fibers from the glossopharyngeal nerve and vagus nerve . (pacs.de)

The trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V), provides sensory innervation to the face. (medscape.com)
All muscles of facial expression are derived from the mesoderm of the second pharyngeal arch and are therefore supplied (motor supply) by the nerve of the second pharyngeal arch, the facial nerve (7th cranial nerve). (wikipedia.org)
The trigeminal nerve, or cranial nerve V, contains both sensory and motor components and thus subserves and controls ipsilateral facial sensation and masticatory movements. (physiotherapy-treatment.com)
Symptoms of nerve injury include paresthesias, loss of sensation and position sense, impaired motor function, cranial nerve malfunction, changes in reflexes, and impairments in glandular secretion. (unboundmedicine.com)
cranial nerve for illus. (unboundmedicine.com)
The primary nerve supply is received from the fifth cranial nerve - the trigeminal nerve . (k9.rocks)
The sensory innervation of the face's lower part and the front two-thirds of the tongue also originates from this nerve, as does the innervation of the masticatory muscles, which means that the fifth cranial nerve provides sensory but also mechanic innervation to the face of the canines. (k9.rocks)
Their innervation originates from the fifth cranial nerve. (k9.rocks)
The trigeminal nerve is the fifth cranial nerve and its primary role is relaying sensory information from the face and head, although it does provide motor control to the muscles of mastication . (pacs.de)

So in its path the maxillary nerve passes from four regions in progression: the middle cranial fossa , the pterygopalatine fossa , the orbit and the face. (earthslab.com)
Just before entering the orbit, the tentorial nerve arises and ascends to supply a large portion of the falx and supratentorial dura . (pacs.de)
Traversing the lateral wall of this sinus are the oculomotor, trochlear, and ophthalmic nerves enroute to the orbit. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)

Pain episodes are normally triggered by stimulation of specific areas, so-called trigger points or zones, localized in the area innervated by trigeminal nerve 26 . (bvsalud.org)

Wikipedia , except that the facial nerve and the auriculotemporal nerve have been removed, in order to emphasize the trigeminal nerve. (pacs.de)
The buccal and auriculotemporal branches of the mandibular nerve are in view. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)

Neither facial nor glossopharyngeal nerve root stimulation caused a PBF increase, though both elicited increases in ipsilateral LBF. (elsevierpure.com)
The carotid sinus nerve, a sensory branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve, innervates the baroreceptors of the carotid sinus and the chemoreceptors of the carotid body. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)

The trigeminal brain stem nuclei are the spinal trigeminal nucleus and tract, the main (or principal) sensory nucleus, the mesencephalic nucleus, and the motor trigeminal nucleus. (physiotherapy-treatment.com)
The trigeminal nerve originates from two separate nuclei in the pons: the sensory division from the sensory nucleus (green dot) and the motor division from the motor nucleus (red dot). (radiologyassistant.nl)
It is both large and complicated and has multiple brainstem nuclei (sensory and motor) as well as many interconnections with other cranial nerves. (pacs.de)

After giving off numerous branches, the maxillary nerve eventually enters the face through the infraorbital canal, where it ends as the infraorbital nerve (see image below). (medscape.com)
The anterior maxillary sinus wall houses the infraorbital nerve, which runs through the infraorbital canal along the roof of the sinus and sends branches to the soft tissues of the cheek. (medscape.com)
A sensory branch of the mandibular nerve (CN V3) It passes through the parotid gland en route to the ear, where it innervates skin of the pinna, external auditory canal, and tympanic membrane. (unboundmedicine.com)

The orbits (figs. 45-1 and 45-2 ) are two bony cavities occupied by the eyes and associated muscles, nerves, blood vessels, fat, and much of the lacrimal apparatus. (dartmouth.edu)
It divides near the superior orbital fissure into the lacrimal, frontal, and nasociliary nerves. (dartmouth.edu)

The posterior auricular nerve is a motor branch of the facial nerve (CN VII) that innervates the posterior and intrinsic auricular muscles. (unboundmedicine.com)

This virtual approach offers the possibility to connect with certainty all the external foramina to the blood and nerve canals and the central structures, and thus identify accurate homologies without destroying the specimen. (plos.org)

Just beyond this point the nerve dives into the posterior aspect of the parotid gland and bifurcates almost immediately into its two main divisions (occasionally it divides before entering the gland). (rxdentistry.net)

After the treatment with the Tx360 and sphenopalatine nerve block the pain dropped to 1/10 in 15 minutes, and sustained at or below a 1 for nearly 7 days. (mirxprotocol.com)

It communicates with the middle cranial fossa and transmits cranial nerves III, IV, and VI, the three branches of the ophthalmic nerve, and the ophthalmic veins (fig. 45-5 ). (dartmouth.edu)

Spinal accessory nerve. (unboundmedicine.com)
A nerve that conducts impulses toward the brain or spinal cord. (unboundmedicine.com)
It is crossed superficially by the ventral ramus of the C2 spinal nerve. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)

In general, regional anesthesia is ideal when the area of interest is innervated by a single superficial nerve. (medscape.com)
The parotid and its surrounds in a schematic horizontal section-the facial nerve is the most superficial of the structures traversing the gland. (rxdentistry.net)
As the gland enlarges it overlaps these nerve trunks, the superficial and deep parts fuse and the nerve comes to lie buried within the gland. (rxdentistry.net)
The hypoglossal nerve emerges between the IJV and proximal part of the ECA and courses forward superficial to the hyoglossus muscle. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)

Equine Vet J. 2016 Mar;48(2):201-4) evaluated the success rate and horse tolerance of anesthetizing the caudal aspect of the infra-orbital nerve using percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (PENS). (equimanagement.com)
The initial nerve stimulation resulted in success in 6 of 7 horses. (equimanagement.com)
Electrical stimulation of trigeminal afferents (in the infra-orbital nerve or the maxillary buccal gingiva) caused no change in PBF but did increase ipsilateral LBF. (elsevierpure.com)
Multiple approaches to femoral and sciatic nerve blockade have been described, including ultrasound guidance, electrolocation/ nerve stimulation, or both. (asra.com)

The infraorbital nerve supplies sensory innervation to the lower eyelid, the side of the nose, and the upper lip (see image below). (medscape.com)
[ 2 ] A successful infraorbital nerve block provides anesthesia for the area between the lower eyelid and the upper lip. (medscape.com)
An infraorbital nerve block anesthetizes the ipsilateral lower eyelid, upper cheek, side of the nose, and upper lip. (msdmanuals.com)

Inside each tooth's pulp is a network of blood vessels and nerves, which create a pulp channel below the level of the crown. (k9.rocks)

Errant puncture of the infraorbital venous plexus or the globe due to excessive needle insertion. (msdmanuals.com)
The high level of detail enables description of the main arterial, venous and nerve canals of the skull, and other perichondrally ossified endocranial structures such as the palatoquadrate articulations, the endocranial cavity and the inner ear cavities. (plos.org)

Behavioral evidence of trigeminal pain following chronic constriction injury to the rat s infraorbital nerve. (bvsalud.org)
Paravertebral nerve block item 18276 covers the provision of regional anaesthesia for surgical and related procedures for the management acute pain or of chronic pain related to radiculopathy. (health.gov.au)

The greater occipital nerve, the dorsal ramus of C2, is shown emerging from the lower border of the obliquus capitis inferior muscle and provides sensory innervation to most of the posterior scalp. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)

The branches of the nerve then emerge on the anterior aspect of the parotid to lie on the masseter, thence to pass to the muscles of the face. (rxdentistry.net)
Just before exiting the skull it runs along the floor of the middle cranial fossa and gives off the middle meningeal nerve which ascends to supply the anterior dura of the middle cranial fossa. (pacs.de)

the parotid gland develops in the crotch formed by the two major branches of the facial nerve. (rxdentistry.net)

indeed, vasodilator responses mediated by such nerve fibers have yet to be conclusively demonstrated in the dental pulp. (elsevierpure.com)
The superior root of the ansa cervicalis (containing C1 nerve fibers) leaves the epineurial sheath of the hypoglossal and descends in the neck where it unites with the inferior root to supply motor innervation to most of the infrahyoid muscles. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)

Anatomy59

Organisms5

Diseases30

Chemicals and Drugs9

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment11

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes5

Neuralgia36

Supraorbital7

Ganglion15

Foramen7

Arteries5

Branches of the trigeminal nerve1

Division of the trigeminal3

Artery6

Peripheral4

Intracranial2

Alveolar17

Anteriorly3

Vagus nerve1

Cranial nerve9

Orbit3

Area innervated1

Auriculotemporal2

Glossopharyngeal2

Nuclei3

Canal3

Lacrimal2

Innervates1

Foramina1

Divides1

Sphenopalatine1

Ophthalmic nerve1

Spinal3

Superficial4

Stimulation4

Upper lip3

Blood vessels1

Venous2

Chronic2

Greater occip1

Anterior2

Parotid gland1

Fibers2