• The inferior hypophysial artery supplies the pituitary gland, specifically the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis). (wikipedia.org)
  • Four cavernous sinus compartments are described based on their spatial relationship with the cavernous carotid artery: superior, posterior, inferior, and lateral. (stanford.edu)
  • Surrounding the nasal cavities are air-containing mucosal lined sinuses, which include the frontal sinuses (superior anterior), ethmoid sinuses (superior), paired maxillary sinuses (lateral), and sphenoid sinuses (posterior). (nih.gov)
  • The sphenoid sinus empties into the posterior roof. (nih.gov)
  • These sinuses are just lateral and superior to the sphenoid sinus and are immediately posterior to the optic chiasm, as depicted in the image below. (medscape.com)
  • The posterior genu of the cavernous ICA is between short ascending and horizontal segments, and the meningo-hypophyseal trunk branches typically arise from here. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • The cavernous ICA defines the following cavernous sinus compartments: superior, inferior, posterior, and lateral (not shown here). (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • the posterior and larger veins are directed obliquely forward and open into the sinus in a direction more or less opposed to the current of the blood contained within it. (bartleby.com)
  • b ) with the transverse sinus by the posterior anastomotic vein of Labbé, which courses over the temporal lobe. (bartleby.com)
  • The orbit is related (1) on its superior side to the anterior cranial fossa and usually to the frontal sinus, (2) laterally to the temporal fossa in (anterior) and to the middle cranial fossa (posterior), (3) on its inferior side to the maxillary sinus, and (4) medially to the ethmoidal and the anterior extent of the sphenoidal sinuses. (dartmouth.edu)
  • The posterior aspect of the lateral wall (zygomatic and sphenoid bones) is demarcated by the superior and inferior orbital fissures. (dartmouth.edu)
  • The variant venous sinus was approximately 8 mm in width at its anterior and posterior extremes but was dilated to 1.2 cm as it crossed over the petrous part of the temporal bone. (acbjournal.org)
  • It passes through the cavernous sinus and proceeds through the supraorbital fissure to reach the orbit of the eye. (physio-pedia.com)
  • The maxillary division exits the middle cranial fossa from foramen rotundum and enters the orbit through the inferior orbital fissure. (asra.com)
  • The primordial hippocampus dorsal to the choroid fissure follows the same growth pattern lying first in the medial wall of the inferior horn, then in the floor. (ehd.org)
  • begins on the lateral surface of the hemisphere, and, running along the lateral cerebral fissure, ends in the cavernous or the sphenoparietal sinus. (bartleby.com)
  • The greater wing of the sphenoid, the maxilla, and the palatine bones of the orbit form the boundaries of the inferior orbital fissure. (medscape.com)
  • The infraorbital sulcus crosses the floor of the orbit and carries the infraorbital artery, infraorbital vein, and infraorbital nerve from the inferior orbital fissure to the infraorbital foramen. (medscape.com)
  • It runs in the subarachnoid space and the cavernous sinus inside the skull, enters the back of the orbit through the superior orbital fissure, and innervates the lateral rectus muscle. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The inferior orbital fissure communicates with the infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossae and transmits the zygomatic nerve. (dartmouth.edu)
  • In summary, the orbit communicates with the middle cranial fossa (via the optic canal and superior orbital fissure), the infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossae ( via the inferior orbital fissure), the inferior meatus of the nose (via the nasolacrimal canal), the nasal cavity (via the anterior ethmoidal foramen), and the face ( via supraorbital and infraorbital foramina). (dartmouth.edu)
  • During the routine dissection of a male cadaver aged 75-year-old at death, a venous sinus ( Fig. 1 ) was identified traveling from the superior orbital fissure anteriorly, over the floor of the middle cranial fossa, over the petrous part of the temporal bone, to drain into the transverse sinus. (acbjournal.org)
  • Schematic drawing of the bilateral venous sinuses of Kelch (asterisk) joining veins of the superior orbital fissure to the transverse sinus. (acbjournal.org)
  • It effectively unites the veins of the superior orbital fissure to the transverse sinus. (acbjournal.org)
  • In this procedure, a neurosurgeon reaches the tumor through the nasal passages and sphenoid sinus. (atheistsforhumanrights.org)
  • Air containing mucosal lined sinuses surround the nasal cavity, which includes the frontal, paired maxillary, sphenoid, and ethmoid sinuses. (nih.gov)
  • All of these paranasal sinuses, except the sphenoid, communicate with the nasal cavity via ducts that drain through ostia, which empty into spaces located on the lateral wall. (nih.gov)
  • Anatomy of cross section of cavernous sinus showing close proximity to cranial nerves and sphenoid sinus. (medscape.com)
  • The cavernous sinuses receive venous blood from the facial veins (via the superior and inferior ophthalmic veins) as well as the sphenoid and middle cerebral veins. (medscape.com)
  • Lateral orbitotomy approach for removing hyperostosing en plaque sphenoid wing meningiomas. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Sphenoid wing (SW) en plaque meningioma (ePM) is a subgroup of meningiomas defined by its specific character presenting with a rather thin sheath of soft tumor tissue accompanied by disproportionate and extensive bone hyperostosis. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • The right sphenoid sinus is expanded with homogenous material within the sinus cavity which is hyperintense on T1WI and isointense on T2WI (yellow arrows). (radiologycases.my)
  • The expanded sphenoid bone is obliterating the inferior portion of the right cavernous sinus causing a mild lateral convexity. (radiologycases.my)
  • Following contrast, enhancement of the cavernous sinuses are seen, with no clear demarcation seen between the enhances cavernous sinus and the expanded sphenoid extension. (radiologycases.my)
  • Sphenoid sinus: hollow space filling body, immediately below hypophyseal fossa 2. (slideshare.net)
  • Spheno-orbital meningiomas (SOM) represent a subgroup of sphenoid ridge meningiomas that are also known as the en-plaque meningiomas account for 20% of intracranial meningiomas [ 1 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • Denervation within V2 will confirm the need for emergent non-contrast orbital CT to evaluate for a break in the orbital floor and to discount a hemorrhage within the sinus cavities. (reviewofoptometry.com)
  • In patients who present with ophthalmoplegia, specifically an inability to look upward, it is prudent to suspect that there may be inferior rectus entrapment from an inferior orbital floor fracture (Figure 1 ). (reviewofoptometry.com)
  • This image of the right orbit shows superficial landmarks, optic canal, and superior and inferior orbital fissures. (medscape.com)
  • for although the orbital blood is returned, for the most part, to the cavernous sinus, by the ophthalmic vein, the latter vein is closely connected with the pterygoid plexus, which lies in the infra-temporal region. (co.ma)
  • Spheno-orbital meningiomas are characterized by bone invasion with extensive hyperostosis and possible encroachment into the orbit, infra-temporal fossa, and/or the cavernous sinus that render total surgical excision challenging. (springeropen.com)
  • However, factors such as extension of the hyperostosis to the infra-temporal fossa or medial orbital wall, tumor invasion of the cavernous sinus, or adherence of tumor to the orbital muscles, prevent total excision. (springeropen.com)
  • The inferior rectus muscle is the most common ocular muscle to become entrapped with an orbital floor fracture (trap-door phenomenon) and this may not be visible on conventional x-rays. (aofoundation.org)
  • Herein, we report a cadaveric case of the rare venous sinus of Kelch, which some have believed is a remnant of the cranio-orbital sinuses. (acbjournal.org)
  • A useful imaging feature in distinguishing an infection from noninfectious inflammation is the presence of adjacent sinus involvement in orbital infection. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Bilateral simultaneous sampling of the inferior petrosal sinuses is an extremely sensitive, specific, and accurate test for diagnosing Cushing disease and distinguishing between that entity and the ectopic ACTH syndrome. (nih.gov)
  • The inferior petrosal sinuses connect the cavernous sinuses with the ipsilateral internal jugular veins. (nih.gov)
  • In addition, variations in size and anatomy are often present between the two inferior petrosal sinuses in a patient. (nih.gov)
  • The procedure is performed with specific attention to the three areas of potential technical difficulty: catheterization of the common femoral veins, crossing the valve at the base of the left internal jugular vein, and selective catheterization of the inferior petrosal sinuses. (nih.gov)
  • Special attention must be paid to two points to prevent potential complications: The patient must be given an adequate dose of heparin, and injection of contrast material into the inferior petrosal sinuses and surrounding veins must be done gently and carefully. (nih.gov)
  • When the procedure is performed as outlined, both inferior petrosal sinuses can be catheterized in more than 98% of patients. (nih.gov)
  • The dural sinuses are grouped into the sagittal, lateral (including the transverse, sigmoid, and petrosal sinuses), and cavernous sinuses. (medscape.com)
  • They, in turn, empty into the inferior petrosal sinuses, then into the internal jugular veins and the sigmoid sinuses via the superior petrosal sinuses. (medscape.com)
  • those of the temporal lobe anastomose with the middle cerebral and basal veins, and join the cavernous, sphenoparietal, and superior petrosal sinuses. (bartleby.com)
  • pass partly forward and medialward, across the superior vermis, to end in the straight sinus and the internal cerebral veins, partly lateralward to the transverse and superior petrosal sinuses. (bartleby.com)
  • The anatomy of the anastomoses between the inferior petrosal sinus, the internal jugular vein, and the venous plexuses at the base of the skull varies, but it is almost always possible to catheterize the inferior petrosal sinus. (nih.gov)
  • Safe and effective surgery in this area requires deep understanding of the cavernous sinus anatomy from an endonasal perspective. (stanford.edu)
  • Dr. JFM has been studying the cavernous sinus for over 15 years and has developed a surgical anatomy-based classification of the cavernous sinus with demonstrated utility for preoperative surgical planning and intraoperative guidance in pituitary surgery. (stanford.edu)
  • Microsurgical anatomy and approaches to the cavernous sinus. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Opening the roof of the interhemispheric microsurgical corridor to access various neurooncological or neurovascular lesions can be demanding because of the multiple bridging veins that drain into the sinus with their highly variable, location-specific anatomy. (thejns.org)
  • Knowledge of the variant anatomy of the intradural venous sinuses is important to anatomists and clinicians alike. (acbjournal.org)
  • The nasal cavity also functions to facilitate drainage for the secretions from the adjacent paranasal sinuses. (nih.gov)
  • The secretions from these sinuses drain into the nasal cavity via the thin-walled ostia. (nih.gov)
  • Like the nasal cavity, the wall lining of the sinuses also secretes mucus. (nih.gov)
  • It regulates the nasal airflow by controlling the blood volume in the erectile tissue on the inferior turbinate and anterior septum. (nih.gov)
  • It is often associated with bony expansion due to obstruction of the nasal sinus drainage. (radiologycases.my)
  • 6 Cranial and facial Bones  Inferior nasal concha: surrounded anteriorly by maxillary bone  Lacrimal bone: visible between maxilla anteriorly and ethmoid posteriorly  Palatine bone 1. (slideshare.net)
  • The ophthalmic nerve, the first division of the trigeminal (fifth cranial) nerve, is a wholly afferent nerve that supplies the globe and conjunctiva, lacrimal gland and sac, nasal mucosa and frontal sinus, external nose, upper eyelid, forehead, and scalp, It arises from the trigeminal ganglion which contains the cell bodies of its sensory nerve fibers. (dartmouth.edu)
  • The external veins are the superior, inferior, and middle cerebral. (bartleby.com)
  • great vein of Galen ) (Fig. 565), formed by the union of the two internal cerebral veins, is a short median trunk which curves backward and upward around the splenium of the corpus callosum and ends in the anterior extremity of the straight sinus. (bartleby.com)
  • The cerebellar veins are placed on the surface of the cerebellum, and are disposed in two sets, superior and inferior. (bartleby.com)
  • Cerebral veins include the dural sinus and cerebral veins. (resus.com.au)
  • From this examination, the authors describe 3 types of configurations of the parasagittal bridging veins relative to specific anatomical landmarks (coronal suture, postcentral sulcus) and their drainage routes into the superior sagittal sinus, convexity dura, lacunae, and falx. (thejns.org)
  • Streeter was chiefly concerned, however, with the dural sinuses as illustrative of fundamentals of the vascular apparatus dependent on changing factors in its environment (1918), and dealt only incidentally with the veins (and arteries) of the brain and extracranial parts. (edu.au)
  • Note the middle meningeal veins and artery (MM), superior petrosal sinus (SPS), draining vein (DV), optic nerve (CNII), and internal carotid artery (ICA) for reference. (acbjournal.org)
  • Our research group established for instance normal values of blood flow velocity in different intra- and extracranial veins and sinuses e.g. the basal vein of Rosenthal, the vertebral veins, the inferior petrosal sinus and the cavernous sinus and we reported changes of these values in patients with cerebral venous disease. (charite.de)
  • MRI study showed a large adenoma invading the superior and inferior compartments of the cavernous sinus, and compressing the optic apparatus. (stanford.edu)
  • There are several important structures that reside in the vicinity of the ganglion: the cavernous sinus, the optic and trochlear nerves medially, the inferior surface of the temporal lobe of the brain superiorly, and the brain stem posteriorly. (asra.com)
  • Inferior branch innervates the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique. (physio-pedia.com)
  • The inferior branch innervates the medial rectus which adducts the eyeball, the inferior rectus which depresses the eyeball and the inferior oblique which elevates, abducts and laterally rotates the eyeball. (physio-pedia.com)
  • In thyroid eye disease, tendon-sparing enlargement of the inferior rectus and medial rectus muscles is common. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The cavernous sinuses are the most centrally located of the dural sinuses and lie on either side of the sella turcica. (medscape.com)
  • Near the close of the present author's study, attention was directed to a monograph on the development of the dural sinuses and vessels of the human brain by Markowski (1922), which work, essentially completed but delayed in publication, had been summarized earlier (191r). (edu.au)
  • He has developed new surgical techniques for pituitary tumors invading the cavernous sinus and extending into the brain space that allow for higher rates of complete tumor removal and long-term remission in functional tumors. (stanford.edu)
  • Dr. JFM has meticulously investigated the medial wall of the cavernous sinus introducing a classification of the parasellar ligaments and their role in anchoring the medial wall, and has developed an innovative technique for selective resection of the medial wall when invaded by tumor. (stanford.edu)
  • Using LO technique, the risky corners involved by the tumor is visualized from the latero-inferior side rather than from the latero-superior avenue. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • 5 20 45 ] Cushing and Eisenhardt[ 13 ] coined the term of "en plaque" for the first time to differentiate this type of tumor growth from those designated as "en mass" meningiomas. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Pituitary adenomas often invade the medial wall of the cavernous sinus, but this structure is generally not surgically removed because of the risk of vascular and cranial nerve injury. (stanford.edu)
  • They pierce the arachnoid membrane and the inner or meningeal layer of the dura mater, and open into the cranial venous sinuses. (bartleby.com)
  • It moves forward in the middle cranial fossa and enters into the cavernous sinus along with the internal carotid artery. (brainmadesimple.com)
  • The trigeminal nerve exits at the mid pons anteriorly, courses through the prepontine cistern (cisternal portion), and crosses the porus trigeminus to enter a prolongation of dura at the apex of the petrous temporal bone known as the Meckel cave (cavernous portion) where its fibers form the trigeminal ganglion, which is also known as the Gasserian or semilunar ganglion. (pacs.de)
  • It is important to note the chief relations of the ganglion, namely the cavernous sinus on the medial side, and the internal carotid artery, which is first inferior then medial. (bookdome.com)
  • Venous sinuses or plexuses separate the two layers in the cranium. (ehd.org)
  • The parasellar region encompasses the cavernous sinuses, suprasellar cistern, hypothalamus, and ventral inferior third ventricle. (atheistsforhumanrights.org)
  • The inferior petrosal sinus arises from the cavernous sinus and runs to the internal jugular vein. (reference.md)
  • The petrosal sinus can join the internal jugular vein below the foramen. (bjorl.org.br)
  • Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) was initially described by Bright in 1831 as a complication of epidural and subdural infections. (medscape.com)
  • Because of its complex neurovascular anatomic relationship, cavernous sinus thrombosis is the most important of any intracranial septic thrombosis. (medscape.com)
  • Cavernous sinus thrombosis is generally a fulminant process with high rates of morbidity and mortality. (medscape.com)
  • Fortunately, the incidence of cavernous sinus thrombosis has been decreased greatly with the advent of effective antimicrobial agents. (medscape.com)
  • Dural arteriovenous malformations are relatively uncommon and are theorized to be secondary to trauma, surgery, thrombosis of an adjacent venous sinus, or venoocclusive disease. (medscape.com)
  • The cavernous sinuses are irregularly shaped, trabeculated cavities located at the base of the skull. (medscape.com)
  • The inferior aspect of the right orbit has been fractured and the maxillary sinus is opacified in this computed tomography scan, which uses both x-rays and sensors to gather data and make soft tissue visible. (reviewofoptometry.com)
  • The margin of the orbit, readily palpable, is formed by the frontal, zygomatic, and maxillary bones (fig. 45-1 A). It may be considered in four parts: superior, lateral, inferior, and medial. (dartmouth.edu)
  • The fossa passes inferiorly through the floor of the orbit as the nasolacrimal canal, which transmits the nasolacrimal duct from the lacrimal sac to the inferior meatus of the nose (fig. 45-11 ). (dartmouth.edu)
  • Inferior petrosal sinus sampling is mandatory to confirm that the source of ACTH production is the pituitary gland. (stanford.edu)
  • The mandibular division exits through the foramen ovale (FO) and divides into the buccal, lingual, inferior alveolar, and auriculotemporal nerves. (asra.com)
  • the inferior alveolar nerves innervate the lower teeth and gingivae. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The inferior alveolar nerve (from CN V3) runs in the mandibular canal, giving off branches to the lower teeth and gingivae as it passes. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • 2 Hakuba A, Tanaka K, Suzuki T, Nishimura S. A combined orbitozygomatic infratemporal epidural and subdural approach for lesions involving the entire cavernous sinus. (thieme-connect.de)
  • They include the transverse , sigmoid and cavernous sinus, the superior sagittal sinus , inferior sagittal sinus and the straight sinus . (resus.com.au)
  • The inferior hypophysial artery is an artery in the head. (wikipedia.org)
  • It merges with the other inferior hypophysial artery. (wikipedia.org)
  • The inferior hypophysial artery may give off the medial clival artery. (wikipedia.org)
  • The inferior hypophysial artery was first identified in 1860 by Hubert von Luschka. (wikipedia.org)
  • Note is made of filling of the inferolateral trunk (artery of the inferior cavernous sinus) with subsequent filling of distal internal maxillary artery branches. (sciencesource.com)
  • The infraorbital foramen, for the nerve and artery of the same name, is less than 1 cm inferior to the inferior margin. (dartmouth.edu)
  • Bilateral and simultaneous petrosal sinus sampling is the gold standard method and is performed when the triad of initial tests is inconclusive, doubtful or conflicting. (scielo.br)
  • Here the authors report an unusual finding of a bilateral presentation of a rare venous sinus, the venous sinus of Kelch. (acbjournal.org)
  • Sampling of blood levels of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) by withdrawal of blood from the inferior petrosal sinus. (reference.md)
  • Inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) is used to distinguish pituitary Cushing's disease from occult cases of the ectopic ACTH syndrome, but is limited in that it requires the use of ovine CRH (oCRH) and is not highly accurate at predicting the intrapituitary location of tumors. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Prediction of a pituitary or ectopic ACTH source was based on cavernous/peripheral plasma ACTH ratios. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Muestreo de las concentraciones sanguíneas de hormona adrenocorticotropa (ACTH) mediante obtención de sangre del seno petroso inferior. (bvsalud.org)
  • Physical examination of the patient revealed a semifixed 6 cm mass on the abdominal epigastric area adjacent to the right inferior ribs. (who.int)
  • The infraorbital foramen is located 10 mm inferior to the zygomaxillary suture. (medscape.com)
  • A sensory branch of the mandibular nerve (CN V3) It passes through the parotid gland en route to the ear, where it innervates skin of the pinna, external auditory canal, and tympanic membrane. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Pituitary tumors with cavernous sinus invasion represent a neurosurgical challenge. (stanford.edu)
  • This study was designed to determine whether cavernous sinus sampling (CSS) is as safe and accurate as IPSS, whether CSS can eliminate the need for oCRH stimulation, and whether CSS can accurately predict the intrapituitary location of tumors. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Conclusion Despite its technical difficulty, the FTOZ TCA should be considered for the surgical management of basilar apex aneurysms and tumors surrounding the cavernous sinus, sellar/parasellar, retrochiasmatic, and petroclival region. (thieme-connect.de)
  • The dural venous sinus of Kelch is a rare venous sinus of the skull base and one which has been infrequently reported. (acbjournal.org)
  • The lateral ventricle follows the dorsal, then caudal expansion of the cerebral vesicle and thereby produces an inferior horn . (ehd.org)