• We measured prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium, Wuchereria bancrofti, Plasmodium falciparum, hookworm, and other geohelminths among school-aged children in four endemic villages in Kwale County, Kenya and explored the relationship between multiparasite burden, undernutrition, and anemia. (lshtm.ac.uk)
  • mice injected intravenously with a commercially available extract of coxiella burnetii prepared for use as the antigen in the complement fixation diagnostic test for q fever were subsequently resistant to infection with babesia microti, babesia rodhaini, and plasmodium vinckei petteri. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • the influence of the complement (c) system on plasmodial infections in vivo (plasmodium berghei in rats) and in vitro (plasmodium falciparum) has been determined. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Humans do not appear to develop significant protective immunity to intestinal nematodes, although the mechanisms of parasite immune evasion and host immune responses to these infections have not been elucidated in detail. (medscape.com)
  • The broad overlap of infection-related causes for anemia and malnutrition and the high frequency of polyparasitic infections suggest that there will be significant advantages to integrated parasite control in this area. (lshtm.ac.uk)
  • M. streptocerca is primarily a parasite of humans, but infections in wild chimpanzees have been reported on rare occasions. (cdc.gov)
  • In this study, we aim to disentangle factors influencing the risk of parasite exposure by exploring the impact of sleeping site ecology on infection with ectoparasites and vector-borne hemoparasites in two sympatric primates endemic to Madagascar. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In neither host species, parasite infection showed an influence on body weight as an indicator for body condition. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The observed parasite infections did not affect body condition and thus may be of minor importance for shaping reproductive fitness. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Co-infections not only make parasite morphological and molecular identification difficult, but also might influence the infection dynamics and disease manifestation. (mdpi.com)
  • Malarial parasite prevalence was 17.2(114/1959) in the highlands and 39.6(49/1959) in the lowlands. (bvsalud.org)
  • Typically, intestinal helminth infections would lations are influenced by changes in human not be considered new or reemerging as they are behavior, socioeconomic conditions, and environ- highly prevalent throughout the developing world. (cdc.gov)
  • Our group works on the immunology, pathogenesis, and epidemiology of helminth infections (particularly filariasis, strongyloidiasis, and hookworms), TB, and coexistent infectious diseases (helminths/ viruses and TB). (nih.gov)
  • In 2003, he was appointed as a staff scientist in the NIAID ICER program in India to continue helminth infections research work in collaboration with the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). (nih.gov)
  • Since 2006, he has served as the scientific director of NIAID ICER India and works on the epidemiology and immunology of infectious diseases prevalent in India, including helminth infections, TB, HIV, and COVID-19. (nih.gov)
  • Together they infect over 1.4 billion people world wide and the majority are caused by protozoan or helminth infections. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The huge contribution of this drug in modernizing the control of schistosomiasis and also some intestinal helminth infections had already shifted the focus from control to potential elimination of this disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Wuchereria bancrofti and transmitted to ing MDA [9,10]. (who.int)
  • Intestinal schistosomiasis caused by infection with the trematodes Schistosoma mansoni , S. mekongi , S. japonicum, and S. intercalatum , and urinary schistosomiasis caused by infection with S. haematobium . (ijpjournal.com)
  • Intestinal roundworm infections constitute the largest group of helminthic diseases in humans. (medscape.com)
  • According to a 2005 report by the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 0.807-1.221 billion humans have ascariasis, 604-795 million have trichuriasis, and 576-740 million have hookworm infections worldwide. (medscape.com)
  • Monitoring post-control transmission of schistosomes by examining humans becomes less effective as infection rates among humans decrease. (huji.ac.il)
  • Clinical examinations were conducted in an effort to provide baseline data for a pilot filariasis elimination programme implemented in a Wuchereria bancrofti-endemic focus in Malindi district, Kenya. (ac.ke)
  • Wuchereria bancrofti which causes bancroftian filariasis is the only etiologic agent in Africa (Michael and Bundy, 1997).The disease is prevalent and widespread in Nigeria which is the third most endemic country in the world (after India and Indonesia) and estimated 22.1% of the population is thought to be infected (Eigege et al. (academicjournals.org)
  • Cross-reaction was found between S. equina antigens and antibodies in the sera of Wuchereria bancrofti -infected patients, with the highest levels observed between sera of chronic infected patients and Setaria spp. (who.int)
  • In the presence of active S. equina infection, antigens from the adult and microfilaraemic stages showed the highest degree of cross-reaction with human sera. (who.int)
  • In this study, we report an ELISA to detect antibodies specific to Paragonimus antigens in urine samples from paragonimiasis patients which will be useful for the survey of the lung fluke infections. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Unlike with protozoan infections, a casual or a low degree of exposure to infective stages of parasitic nematodes usually does not result in patent infection or pathologic findings. (medscape.com)
  • This report describes a significant increase in the prevalence of hookworm infection in an area of Haiti where intestinal parasites are common, but hookworm has not been common. (cdc.gov)
  • This parasitic infection is caused by filarial parasites and transmitted through mosquito vectors. (healthida.com)
  • Approach to Parasitic Infections Human parasites are organisms that live on or in a person and derive nutrients from that person (its host). (msdmanuals.com)
  • The diversity of avian blood parasites is remarkable, and they are often found in co-infections, which is a challenge for wildlife parasitology research. (mdpi.com)
  • In P. vivax and P. ovale infections, some parasites can remain dormant in the liver for several months up to about 4 years after a person is bitten by an infected mosquito. (malaria.com)
  • Infection with malaria parasites may result in a wide variety of symptoms, ranging from absent or very mild symptoms to severe disease and even death. (malaria.com)
  • Mansonella infections are usually asymptomatic. (medscape.com)
  • Hence, clinical disease, as opposed to asymptomatic infection, generally develops only with prolonged residence in an endemic region. (medscape.com)
  • Infections are often asymptomatic, but symptoms can occur. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Most infections are asymptomatic or mild. (msdmanuals.com)
  • One-third of individuals with pinworm infection are totally asymptomatic . (wikipedia.org)
  • Soil - transmitted helminthiasis caused by infection with the nematodes Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm), A. duodenale and Necator americanus (hookworm), and Trichuris trichiura (whipworm) 3 . (ijpjournal.com)
  • According to a WHO analysis, intestinal nematode infections are most prevalent in Asia, with roughly 67% of cases. (medscape.com)
  • Skin - Onchocerca volvulus and Mansonella streptocerca infections are diagnosed when microfilariae are detected in multiple skin-snip specimens taken from different sites. (medscape.com)
  • However the relationship between these two methods of measuring burden has previously been difficult to interpret.A statistical model of the distribution of worm burden and microfilariae (mf) and resulting antigenaemic and mf prevalence was developed and fitted to surveys of two contrasting sentinel sites undergoing interventions. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Concurrent administration of corticosteroids should be considered with DEC treatment to minimize the allergic manifestations secondary to the disintegration of microfilariae, particularly in O volvulus and L loa infections. (medscape.com)
  • One group of individuals in the endemic community shows no clinical manifestations or microfilariae (Mf), which may be due to insufficient exposure, prepatent infection or adult worm infection without Mf, or clearance of infection. (eg.net)
  • Pulmonary eosinophilic syndromes are rare, and the exact incidence and prevalence are unknown. (medscape.com)
  • Little information is available regarding the prevalence and incidence of eosinophilic reactions to drugs or as a secondary histologic manifestation of pulmonary infection, parasitic infection (eg, Löffler syndrome, simple eosinophilic pneumonia), or neoplasia or as a component of Churg-Strauss syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • Between the extremes of disease 'control' (reduction in incidence and/or prevalence) and 'eradication,' several intermediate levels of impact on diseases may be described. (cdc.gov)
  • Interestingly, ectoparasites were found solely in the hot, rainy season with a prevalence of 75% ( N = 16 animals). (biomedcentral.com)
  • fungal, bacterial and malarial infections, as well as malnutrition caused heavy mortality in a group of wild-trapped canvasbacks (aythya valisineria) held in 10 x 3 x 2 m open-water pens. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Animal inflicted wounds, left untreated may result in chronic bacterial or fungal infection. (afpm.org.my)
  • Physicians should have a high index of suspicion for fungal infections when managing animal inflicted wounds. (afpm.org.my)
  • Epidemiology Prevalence in the U.S. is estimated at 1/4,000-1/3,300 and 1/37,000 in Japan, but this is likely an underestimate due to a low detection rate. (findzebra.com)
  • The clinical signs are evidence that filarial infections have been in circulation for over 10 years. (bvsalud.org)
  • LF prevalence was measured by clinical assessment and using the rapid immunochromatographic test (ICT) to detect W. bancrofti antigen. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • Infection often occurs early in childhood in endemic areas, but clinical signs appear much later. (bmj.com)
  • Clinical features of these infections may overlap leading to a delay in diagnosis and treatment. (afpm.org.my)
  • The aim of the present work was to study W. bancrofti infection in selected endemic areas in Egypt by performing parasitological examination and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antigen detection test, and to analyze the demographic, clinical, and MDA data of the study population in relation to W. bancrofti infection. (eg.net)
  • Molecular monitoring of prepatent schistosome infection in snails by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been used for studying human-to-snail transmission, and snail prepatent infection rates were found to correspond to infection prevalence and average intensity in human populations contacting the sites studied. (huji.ac.il)
  • It is based on the premise that repeated mass drug administration will reduce the microfilaria density in the community and thus halt transmission and new infections. (bmj.com)
  • OBJECTIVE: To investigate the infection and genotypes of Wolbachia in common mosquito species in Henan Province, so as to provide insights into management of mosquito-borne diseases. (bvsalud.org)
  • In addition, the effect of urbanisation on mosquito species abundance and composition, associated with the risk of mosquito-borne infections, was studied and discussed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Overview of Filarial Nematode Infections Filarioidea are a superfamily of threadlike, parasitic worms, with numerous families, genus, and species. (msdmanuals.com)
  • No significant difference in infection intensity between the two host species, and no effect of season, daytime of sampling or sex on prevalence or infection intensity was found. (biomedcentral.com)
  • when unexplained, these symptoms should always prompt a search for occult roundworm infection. (medscape.com)
  • For most people, symptoms begin 10 days to 4 weeks after infection, although a person may feel ill as early as 7 days or as late as 1 year later. (malaria.com)
  • In countries where cases of malaria are infrequent, these symptoms may be attributed to influenza, a cold, or other common infections, especially if malaria is not suspected. (malaria.com)
  • To better understand factors influencing LF elimination in loiasis areas, this study conducted a cross-sectional survey on the prevalence and co-distribution of the two infections, and the potential demographic, landscape, human movement, and intervention-related risk factors at a micro-level in the South West zone of Nigeria. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • Satellite imagery showed denser forested areas in higher loiasis prevalence communities, and where low or no ICT positivity was found. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • Loiasis Loiasis is a filarial nematode infection with Loa loa . (msdmanuals.com)
  • Infection rates on mosquito pools were estimated and SPSS version 26 was used for descriptive statistics analysis. (bvsalud.org)
  • When extrapolating the results to a range of prevalences there was good qualitative agreement with published data.The observed relationship between antigenamic and mf prevalence is a natural consequence of the relationship between prevalence and intensity of adult worms and mf production. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The exact locality of adult worms in the human body remains a mystery, but during experimental infections in Erythrocebus patas monkeys the worms were detected in the subcutaneous tissue (Orihel & Eberhard, 1982). (bvsalud.org)
  • METHODS: Aedes, Culex and Anopheles samples were collected from cowsheds, sheepfolds and human houses in Puyang, Nanyang City and Xuchang cities of Henan Province from July to September, 2022, and the infection of Wolbachia was detected. (bvsalud.org)
  • Blood smears were screened for the presence and infection intensity of hemoparasites. (biomedcentral.com)
  • [14] The itching leads to continuously scratching the area around the anus, which can further result in tearing of the skin and complications such as secondary bacterial infections , including bacterial skin inflammation , and hair follicle inflammation . (wikipedia.org)
  • Enterobiasis: This is the most common of all helminthic infections, with an estimated 42 million cases. (medscape.com)
  • We report here a rapid may increase contact between disease agents and increase in hookworm prevalence that coincided human populations (3). (cdc.gov)
  • infection, CFWSA is useful to detect chronic W. bancrofti infection before patients become symptomatic, particularly when chronic patients are known to be amicrofilaraemic. (who.int)
  • As with other parasitic infections, definitive diagnosis of nematode infections depends on demonstration of the stage of the life cycle in the host. (medscape.com)
  • Overall, 47 (82%) patients had HIV infection, four (9%) of whom were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) before monkeypox diagnosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Future HIV vaccines are expected to induce effective Th1 cell-mediated and Env-specific antibody responses that are necessary to offer protective immunity to HIV infection. (ac.ke)
  • The current study reports a natural P. illiciens infection primate of the genus Callithrix. (afpm.org.my)
  • Although the Og4C3 ELISA test is a useful research tool for the study of W. bancrofti infections, its cost and format hinder its wide use in endemic areas. (eg.net)
  • have been detected in human infections. (cdc.gov)
  • Pets, such as dogs and cats, are the most frequently affected with D. repens and D. immitis , while human infections are primarily caused by D. repens , which is responsible for the subcutaneous and ocular form of the disease [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, awarded for the discovery of artemisinin and ivermectin, was divided between Youyou Tu "for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against malaria" and William C. Campbell together with Satoshi Ōmura "for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against roundworm infections" (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • S. equina et les anticorps des sérums prélevés chez des patients infestés par Wuchereria bancrofti , les taux les plus élevés ayant été observés dans le cas de la réaction croisée entre les sérums des patients chroniquement infestés et l'antigène de surface brut de ver femelle Setaria spp . (who.int)
  • Following a one-year postdoctoral fellowship (1999 - 2000) at the University of Connecticut, Dr. Babu joined NIAID as a visiting fellow (2000 - 2005) in Dr. Thomas Nutman's lab and conducted original research on the human immune response in filarial infections. (nih.gov)
  • Immune responses, pathogenesis and biomarker discovery in pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB, and the effect of co-infections and comorbidities (diabetes mellitus. (nih.gov)
  • Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are among the most common infectious diseases and a frequent cause of hospital visits. (ac.ke)
  • Dr. Babu's research focus is on two major thematic areas: 1) immunology of infections and 2) intersection of infectious diseases with metabolic disorders. (nih.gov)
  • Doxycycline has been shown to be effective in Mali and Ghana, but the utility of doxycycline for treatment of infections in regions where Wolbachia are absent has not been systematically studied. (msdmanuals.com)