Infections host parasite interactions. Medical search. Frequent questions

An association between malaria and risk for death among patients with Ebola virus disease has suggested within-host interactions between Plasmodium falciparum parasites and Ebola virus. (cdc.gov)
To determine whether such an interaction might also influence the probability of acquiring either infection, we used a large snapshot surveillance study from rural Gabon to test if past exposure to Ebola virus is associated with current infection with Plasmodium spp. (cdc.gov)
We found a strong positive association, on population and individual levels, between seropositivity for antibodies against Ebola virus and the presence of Plasmodium parasites in the blood. (cdc.gov)
Together, these results point to a strong potential for biological interactions between Plasmodium parasites and Ebola virus that may influence the severity of EVD. (cdc.gov)
Knowledge of the extent of possible interactions between infection with Plasmodium parasites and Ebola virus is especially helpful because geographic regions where prevalence of antibodies against Ebola virus (hereafter called Ebola antibodies) is high are also areas of high malaria endemicity ( 11 ), particularly the most severe form of malaria, caused by P. falciparum ( 12 ). (cdc.gov)
Although avian malaria is a very common and widely distributed parasite, the complex interactions between the 3 actors of this particular bird-mosquito- Plasmodium natural system remain largely unknown. (unil.ch)
As a postdoc in Manoj Duraisingh's lab at Harvard School of Public Health she performed a genetic screen to identify critical host factors for Plasmodium falciparum malaria using red blood cells derived from hematopoietic stem cells. (stanford.edu)
Her research is focused on understanding how host factors from the human erythrocyte influence the biology and pathogenesis of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. (stanford.edu)
Host specificity in avian blood parasites: a study of Plasmodium and Haemoproteus mitochondrial DNA amplified from birds. (marineornithology.org)
The Roos laboratory studies the biochemistry, cell biology, molecular genetics, genomics, and evolutionary biology of protozoan parasites and host-pathogen interactions, with special interest in Toxoplasma , a prominent opportunistic infection associated with immunodeficient states, and Plasmodium , which causes malaria. (upenn.edu)
Malaria tropica is one of the major infectious diseases globally and is caused by the protozoan parasite Plasmodium falciparum . (biomedcentral.com)
Lineage-specific expansion of Plasmodium falciparum parasites with pfhrp2 deletion in the Greater Mekong Subregion. (cdc.gov)
All patients were confirmed conditions, particularly malaria [ 5,6 ], and in with Plasmodium falciparum infection protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) [ 7 ] to using the thick-blood film technique. (who.int)

We next established that parasite attachment occurs onto the host oesophagus independently of host species, gender and environmental conditions. (uni-muenchen.de)
In parallel, multiple technologies and manual finishing were used to produce an 85-Mb reference genome assembly from the more readily available mouse parasite species T. muris (Online Methods and Supplementary Note ). (nature.com)
Particularly promising are studies which involve closely related parasite species that parasitized a same host species because such systems might provide insights into the detailed mechanisms of coevolution between host defences and parasite virulence. (unil.ch)
We are investigating the micro-evolutionary relationships in one host-parasite system consisting of different bat species and species of obligatory parasitic mites that spend their entire life on their bat host ( Spinturnix sp ). (unil.ch)
Most animals are infected with multiple parasite species simultaneously in the natural world, and these co-infections can affect host susceptibility and parasite infectivity. (usda.gov)
To test the concurrent interactions among resource availability, immune function, and micro- and macro-parasites, laboratory mice were given a standard or low quality diet and then infected with two parasitic worm species alone and in combination, and also challenged with the bacterial micro-parasite Mycobacterium bovis. (usda.gov)
Interactions between the two worm parasite species were stronger among mice fed a standard protein diet, but the interactions between worms and the mycobacteria were stronger among mice fed a low protein diet. (usda.gov)
Giardia was initially divided into species on the basis of the host of origin with the resultant description of dozens of species. (antimicrobe.org)
In particular, I investigate mammalian host interactions across zones of contact (locations where shifting ecotones are causing unprecedented species interactions). (k-state.edu)
2016. Shrews and their parasites: Small species indicate big changes [in Arctic Report Card 2016], http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/Report-Card. (k-state.edu)
We used data on the abundance of two helminth species from a rabbit population sampled monthly over 26 years in Scotland -where evidence of temperature warming and increased humidity has been recorded during the study period- and developed a helminth-host mathematical model that explicitly addressed the role of host immunity on the intensity of infection and temperature/relative humidity on the availability of free-living stage on the herbage. (confex.com)
We provide evidence that climate warming increases the availability of both helminth species on the herbage and the proportional increase in the intensity of infection for the helminth not regulated by immunity. (confex.com)
Pathogen prevalence can vary across species and may differ between populations living in different localities, but screening can help to understand a disease's distribution and parasite-host interactions. (marineornithology.org)
Although seabirds generally exhibit low avian malaria infection patterns, blood parasites of several species and populations have never been investigated in detail. (marineornithology.org)
The low prevalence of parasites in these species could reflect the absence or rarity of the vector for transmission. (marineornithology.org)
Many parasite infections consist of multiple strains or species that are predicted to result in the evolution of more virulent strains that exploit the host less prudently. (bl.uk)
and the obligate pathogen chalkbrood (Ascophaera apis), the virulence and fitness of dual infections were influenced by complex within-host interactions depending on the species involved, which ranged from synergistic to inhibitory effects. (bl.uk)
The three species of salmonids intensively farmed in Chile: Atlantic salmon ( Salmon salar ), rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ), and coho salmon ( O. kisutch ), are all susceptible to C. rogercresseyi infection ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
The overall aim of my research is to better understand the consequences of parasite infection on wildlife and the cascading effects that parasites have on species interactions. (allegheny.edu)
We want to understand how observed genetic variation relates to species limits, how variation is maintained and distributed throughout populations or selected for within single infections. (lu.se)
In the United States, most infections are caused by Babesia microti , a species commonly found in mice. (medscape.com)
Babesia species and organisms of the closely related genus Theileria parasitize the erythrocytes of wild and domestic animals.These parasites are members of the order Piroplasmida, named for the pear-shaped forms found within infected red blood cells (RBCs). (medscape.com)
Babesia species in the host erythrocyte range from 1 to 5 µm in length. (medscape.com)
Species of fungi associated with urogenital fungal infections include Blastomyces dermatitidis, Candida species, and Torulopsis glabrata. (medscape.com)

On the other hand, the immunological armamentarium of the host against invading parasites is described also in the light of new findings on innate and adaptive immunity. (benthamscience.com)
However, outcomes might not match the projected impact given that host immunity could alter the effect of climate on host-parasite interactions. (confex.com)
In contrast, there was no significant long-term positive trend for the immune-controlled helminth, since immunity reduced the net outcome of climate on parasite dynamics. (confex.com)
Immunity can alleviate the expected impact of climate on parasite infections over the years but can also shift the seasonal peak of infection towards the younger individuals. (confex.com)
Schistosoma mansoni : the parasite surface in relation to host immunity / Diane J. McLaren. (who.int)
Weeks after the primary infection, with continued replication of the bacilli, development of cell-mediated immunity leads to macrophage infiltration and ingestion of the pathogen. (medscape.com)
The course covers innate and acquired immunity, infection biology and host-pathogen interactions, mechanisms behind autoimmunity and allergy, vaccination, and evolution of animal immune systems. (lu.se)

We discuss how different steps can explain different aspects of the coevolutionary dynamics of the system: the properties of the attachment step, explaining the rapid evolution of infectivity and the properties of later parasite proliferation explaining the evolution of virulence. (uni-muenchen.de)
All of the virulence factors of "B. bronchiseptica" allow it to weaken the host's immune defenses, leading to infection. (kenyon.edu)
Evolution of virulence in parasites has profound effects on both host-parasite co-evolution and ecology and is influenced by environmental factors and the genotypes involved. (bl.uk)
In opportunistic parasites, the dynamics and evolution of virulence are poorly understood as traditional epidemiological models do not adequately describe parasites capable of persisting outside of the host. (bl.uk)
Finally, following serial passage of A. flavus and A. phoenicis in the honey bee larval hosts to determine the evolution of virulence and fitness, no evidence of host adaptation was observed, revealing the unpredictability of these asexually reproducing opportunistic pathogens. (bl.uk)
For example, the authors of a recent article suggested that tolerance-based treatment of HIV infection -focused on increasing the infected patient's ability to remain well despite high HIV load (host tolerance) rather than reducing viral load (host resistance)-could be "evolution-proof," although evolution of the virus toward greater virulence remains a possibility. (cdc.gov)

Studies of host-parasite interactions rarely take into account the fact that different steps might be influenced by different factors and might, therefore, make different contributions to shaping coevolution. (uni-muenchen.de)
We designed a new method using the Daphnia magna Pasteuria ramosa system, one of the rare examples where coevolution has been documented, in order to resolve the steps of the infection and analyse the factors that influence each of them. (uni-muenchen.de)
Host-type-independent spore activation suggests that this step can be ruled out as a major factor in Daphnia-Pasteuria coevolution. (uni-muenchen.de)
2017. The Beringian Coevolution Project: Holistic Collections of Mammals and Associated Parasites Reveal Novel Perspectives on Evolutionary and Environmental Change in the North . (k-state.edu)

The course parts mycology and parasitology deal with the occurrence and classification of pathogenic fungi and various parasites, including protozoa, arthropods and helminths. (uu.se)
The National Institutes of Health granted an Outstanding Investigator Award to Adler Dillman, an assistant professor of parasitology, so he can shed light on the mystery of worm infections that escape detection by human immune systems. (news-medical.net)
This module will introduce the main issues in parasitology, the host parasite interaction and how it drives evolutionary changes, the disease burden caused by parasites and how parasite infections can be treated/minimised. (southampton.ac.uk)

Our results suggest that within-host interactions between malaria parasites and Ebola virus may underlie epidemiologic associations. (cdc.gov)
MalAvi: a public database of malaria parasites and related haemosporidians in avian hosts based on mitochondrial cytochrome b lineages. (marineornithology.org)
Presently, we carry out two projects in parallel: genetics and genomics of migratory songbirds and host-parasite evolution of avian malaria parasites. (lu.se)

Belizario V Jr, Delos Trinos JP, Garcia NB, Reyes M. Cutaneous Manifestations of Selected Parasitic Infections in Western Pacific and Southeast Asian Regions. (medscape.com)
Helminth parasitic infections of the central nervous system: a diagnostic approach. (medscape.com)
Protein malnutrition may affect the strength of some parasitic worm and pathogenic bacterial interactions, and also influence the transmission of worm infections in natural populations. (usda.gov)
Researchers from McGill University and the Douglas Mental Health University Institute have now established that parasitic infections are also controlled by these clocks. (eurekalert.org)
The severity of a microbe's infection will thus vary whether it is encountered during the day or at night, a discovery that scientists believe could pave the way to new treatment and prevention strategies for parasitic infections. (eurekalert.org)
We already knew that viral and bacterial infections were controlled by our immune system's circadian rhythms, but this is the first time this is shown for a parasitic infection, and for a vector-transmitted infection," Professor Cermakian adds. (eurekalert.org)
The course section on clinical microbiology and infectious diseases discusses the most important viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic infections that occur in human medicine. (uu.se)
Parasitic worms are just the coolest things you could study because there are so many strange interactions, both positive and negative, that occur between the worms and their hosts. (news-medical.net)
Little is known about the immunobiology of fish responses to parasitic infections. (clemson.edu)
Trichomonas vaginalis is one of the most common human parasitic infections in the United States, as well as the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infection. (cdc.gov)
It also disproportionately affects minorities and low-income populations, further contributing to its classification as a neglected parasitic infection. (cdc.gov)

The mechanism that signals the reproductive status of the host to the gastrointestinal parasite is unknown. (usda.gov)
Bacterial infections of respiratory and gastrointestinal mucosae : based on a symposium of the SGM held in September 1987 / edited by W. Donachie, E. Griffiths, J. Stephen. (who.int)

These findings highlight the importance of investigating parasite communities and not single parasite infections to understand the responses of both host and parasite populations to additional pathogens and changing resource availability. (usda.gov)
Thus, extreme care must be taken when releasing individuals into the wild to avoid introducing infection into new seabird populations. (marineornithology.org)
Flow cytometry offers rapid, reliable and sensitive measurements of single cell interactions with Leishmania in unstained or phenotypically defined cell populations following staining with one or more fluorochromes. (umd.edu)
Currently, most of the research in my lab falls under three general themes within disease ecology: (1) understanding the relationship between host physiology and disease risk, (2) identifying host traits that reduce, or amplify, pathogen transmission, and (3) surveying natural populations of aquatic vertebrates for parasites. (allegheny.edu)
In our group, we study the adaptive immune system in wild birds: (1) host-pathogen interactions within populations and (2) the evolution of the immune system, with a special focus on the enigmatic Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes. (lu.se)
However, it does occur with greater frequency among migrant populations from Latin America, Asia, and Africa where the parasite is common. (cdc.gov)

T. muris is an established laboratory mouse model for human trichuriasis and shares with T. trichiura many aspects of its biology, including the specialized niche within the host. (nature.com)
In 2009, he became a research group leader at the Humboldt University and affiliate scientist at the Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology in Berlin. (wikipedia.org)
Despite the growing interest in avian malaria in evolutionary biology, the role played by the vector in this host-parasite relationship remains to be investigated. (unil.ch)
I am interested in the infection biology of protozoan parasites of livestock. (ed.ac.uk)
In parallel, the development of animal models opened new opportunities to study parasite biology in vivo . (wjgnet.com)
The life cycle, structure and biology of pathogens are discussed, but also their interaction with the host organism's immune system and methods to prevent disease and spread. (uu.se)
Nematodes are devastating parasites of humans, capable of modulating our biology in numerous ways, including suppressing our immune systems,' Dillman said. (news-medical.net)
This post is suited to researchers who have experience with C elegans biology, evolution, microbiology, and/or host-parasite interactions. (fems-microbiology.org)
During the course, the students also practice to analyse and discuss scientific material focussed on immunology and infection biology. (lu.se)

Together, these genomes and associated functional data elucidate key aspects of the molecular host-parasite interactions that define chronic whipworm infection. (nature.com)
Nishith Gupta (born January 3, 1977) is an Indian-German molecular biologist and parasitologist known for his pioneering work in the field of Host-pathogen interaction and cell signalling. (wikipedia.org)
However, the molecular mechanism by which C. sinensis juvenile initially infects the host remains poorly understood. (biomedcentral.com)
However, the host intracellular signaling pathways and the molecular mechanisms associated with Acanthamoeba -mediated HBMEC cytotoxicity have not been determined. (asm.org)
Using molecular techniques, we screened for blood parasites in two Mediterranean seabirds, the Scopoli's Shearwater Calonectris diomedea and the Mediterranean Storm Petrel Hydrobates pelagicus melitensis . (marineornithology.org)
Absence of haemosporidian parasite infections in the long-lived Cory's shearwater: evidence from molecular analyses and review of the literature. (marineornithology.org)
We combine the power of longitudinal sampling of malarial children from two distinct ethnic groups in West Africa and demonstrate the power of host-parasite multi-omics profiling and integrative genomic data analysis to identify the molecular perturbations taking place in vivo in response infection. (bsc.es)
I take a multidisciplinary approach to studying host-parasite interactions and I integrate molecular, physiological, and ecological approaches in my research. (allegheny.edu)
Now molecular methods are enabling much closer inspection of pathogen-host interactions and bridging the fields of microbiology and immunology. (cdc.gov)
The aim of the course is that the student should have acquired knowledge, proficiencies and abilities on completion of the course concerning both pathogenic microorganisms and the function of the immune system at the molecular and cellular level, and understand host-pathogen interactions and infection processes from both a mechanistic and an evolutionary perspective. (lu.se)

Yet whether biological interactions at the within-host level, such as inflammatory processes leading to prolonged post-Ebola syndrome symptoms common in acute EVD survivors ( 10 ), may also lead to a change in malaria transmission dynamics by influencing susceptibility remains unknown. (cdc.gov)
Within these boundary zones, animals may experience both gene flow and competition, influencing their fitness, relative susceptibility to infection by parasites, and regional variation in community assembly. (k-state.edu)
Given the host susceptibility and correct environmental conditions, Acanthamoeba can cause granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE), a fatal central nervous system (CNS) infection that occurs in immunocompromised patients ( 7 - 10 , 11 , 19 ). (asm.org)
when infecting honey bees, as well as the effect of nutrition on host susceptibility and the adaptation of the fungi over the course of experimental evolution. (bl.uk)
Inter-individual and inter-ethnic differences in susceptibility to malaria is multifactorial and has a significant heritable component but our understanding of host-parasite interactions in modulating host and parasite processes and the course of infection remains limited. (bsc.es)

This volume covers research on the interaction of major helminth parasites with the immune system. (benthamscience.com)
The book concludes with a review of new therapeutic approaches to combat helminth parasites (biotherapy, vaccines and natural products). (benthamscience.com)
Global climate change is predicted to alter the distribution and dynamics of soil-transmitted helminth infections. (confex.com)

Prolactin increased nematode egg production during week 2 of the infection. (usda.gov)
Regulation of periparturient nematode egg rise in sheep can not be studied outside the host. (usda.gov)
Dillman is focused specifically on the proteins that nematode spit releases into hosts during an infection. (news-medical.net)
However, there are hundreds of proteins released in nematode venom during an infection, and only about 10 have been characterized and understood. (news-medical.net)
The aim of this study was to describe a model for the examination of fish-nematode interactions on the immunological front, and to develop new reagents for the study of this model. (clemson.edu)
The postholder will use transcriptomics to examine whether and how protective bacteria can alter real-time and evolutionary defences of Caenorhabditis elegans nematode hosts to infection by parasites. (fems-microbiology.org)

[12] Distinguishing the two is important, since viral infections cannot be cured by antibiotics whereas bacterial infections can. (wikipedia.org)
It is the most important type of antibacterial agent for fighting bacterial infections , and antibiotic medications are widely used in the treatment and prevention of such infections. (wikipedia.org)
Antibiotics are used to treat or prevent bacterial infections, [29] and sometimes protozoan infections . (wikipedia.org)
An important concept in the evaluation of data regarding transfusion-transmitted bacterial infections (TTBIs) is the definition of a case. (medscape.com)

An infection is the invasion of tissues by pathogens , their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agent and the toxins they produce. (wikipedia.org)
Infections can be caused by a wide range of pathogens , most prominently bacteria and viruses . (wikipedia.org)
This project will identify candidate innate immune genes/pathways affected by the protective bacteria and pathogen in our system, and importantly, establishing a role for the microbiome in shaping the evolution of host defences against opportunistic pathogens. (fems-microbiology.org)
This research is part of an ongoing research program in Venesky's laboratory, and it presents results of an experiment in which Venesky and colleagues tested whether cool-acclimated hosts are most susceptible to pathogen infection during warm temperature periods and whether warm-acclimated hosts are most susceptible to pathogens during periods of cool temperatures. (allegheny.edu)
Pathogens evolve quickly and vertebrate hosts slowly - How can we keep up with all these pathogens? (lu.se)

are opportunistic protozoan parasites that are widely distributed throughout the environment ( 12 , 18 ). (asm.org)

The interaction between "B. bronchiseptica" and its host is pathogenic. (kenyon.edu)
The course covers pathogenic microorganisms, the function of the immune system, host-pathogen interactions and infection processes from a mechanistic and an evolutionary perspective. (lu.se)

Dynamic aspects of host-parasite relationships / edited by Avivah Zuckerman and David W. Weiss. (who.int)

Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis . (cdc.gov)

1) a comparative approach in the field (parasite population dynamics and reproduction vs. host condition, sex and immunocompetence). (unil.ch)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), University of Glasgow The dynamics and nature of the hierarchical expression of VSGs during Trypanosoma brucei infection. (ed.ac.uk)
Compelling evidence from humans, laboratory model systems, and wildlife suggests that interactions among co-infecting parasites can influence disease dynamics, individual health, and host fitness. (usda.gov)
In addition, hemosporidian infection rates may be a useful tool for investigating the ecological dynamics of Culex/avian interactions. (usgs.gov)

Host-parasite interactions represent one of the most promising routes for the understanding of general evolutionary processes. (unil.ch)
We work on ecological and evolutionary questions related to host-parasite interaction. (lu.se)

Antimicrobial resistance has also emerged in viruses, fungi, and parasites. (cdc.gov)

We further study gene-gene interactions between different hosts, parasites and vectors at different time points during infection cycles. (lu.se)
Babesiosis is a zoonotic disease maintained by the interaction of tick vectors, transport hosts, and animal reservoirs. (medscape.com)
[ 9 ] The primary vectors of the parasite are ticks of the genus Ixodes . (medscape.com)
Currently, Babesia infection is transmitted by various tick vectors in Europe, Asia, and the northwestern and northeastern United States. (medscape.com)

Pra1 is a cell surface protein with a single N-terminal TMS involved in the host-parasite interaction during candidal infection. (tcdb.org)
Candidal infection of the bladder is shown in the image below. (medscape.com)
Gross pathology of the bladder with candidal infection and hemorrhage. (medscape.com)

Fungal infections can occur in immunocompetent hosts, but they are more likely to occur in individuals with abnormal immune systems. (medscape.com)

Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by an intracellular protozoan parasite (genus Leishmania ) transmitted by the bite of a female phlebotomine sandfly. (medscape.com)
Nicolas Cermakian, a professor at McGill's Department of Psychiatry and researcher at the Douglas Institute, made the discovery using Leishmania, a parasite that causes leishmaniasis and that is transmitted at night by the female sandfly. (eurekalert.org)
Although the parasite is mostly located in tropical areas, climate change could spread Leishmania far beyond where it is found today. (eurekalert.org)
A better understanding of how the circadian clock controls Leishmania infection could contribute to the development of new therapeutics and better prevention approaches. (eurekalert.org)
The circadian clock in immune cells controls the magnitude of Leishmania parasite infection, Silke Kiessling et al. (eurekalert.org)
The Leishmania promastigote-macrophage interaction occurs through the association of multiple receptors on the biological membrane surfaces. (umd.edu)
Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi parasites (stationary-phase) were adjusted to 5 × 107 cells/mL. (umd.edu)
The interaction between CFSE-stained Leishmania chagasi and canine peritoneal macrophages was performed in polypropylene tubes to avoid macrophage adhesion. (umd.edu)
Our results have shown that the interaction between Leishmania and macrophages can be measured by flow cytometry using the fluorescent dye CFSE to identify the Leishmania, and measuring simultaneously the expression of an important integrin involved in this interaction: the CD11b/CD18 (CR3 or Mac-1) β2 integrin. (umd.edu)

Recent investigations demonstrated that the prevalence of C. sinensis infection remains high in endemic areas. (biomedcentral.com)
A group of experts met in Brasilia in 1979 and devised standard protocols to carry out countrywide prevalence studies on human T. cruzi infection and triatomine house infestation. (scielo.br)
A baseline study was preformed to determine the prevalence, intensity, and histologic features of E. ignotus infection in F. grandis, and this study serves as the first description of its kind for this host-parasite model. (clemson.edu)
There are no licensed diagnostic assays for T. vaginalis infection in men, the occurrence of symptomatic infections is rare compared with the estimated prevalence of infection in males, and most infections are believed to resolve in the absence of treatment. (cdc.gov)

In contrast to spore activation, attachment depended strongly on the combination of host and parasite genotypes. (uni-muenchen.de)
Those parasites that are still categorized with G. lamblia are all mammalian parasites, but even these organisms are divided into at least eight different genotypes or assemblages ( 1 , 180 ). (antimicrobe.org)
On the other hand, most isolates from dogs and cats have been from genotypes C and D, and therefore, do not pose a significant risk for human infection. (antimicrobe.org)

Mammalian hosts react to infections with an innate response, often involving inflammation , followed by an adaptive response. (wikipedia.org)
My research strongly emphasizes integration among major disciplines (ecology and evolution) and among interrelated taxonomic groups (mammalian hosts and their parasites) for better understanding the complexity of diversification, demographic change, and interactions among disparate groups of organisms through time. (k-state.edu)

Whipworms are common soil-transmitted helminths that cause debilitating chronic infections in man. (nature.com)
Diseases caused by helminths are sometimes termed infestations, but are sometimes called infections. (wikipedia.org)

Nishith Gupta's research focuses on metabolic interactions between intracellular parasites and host cells. (wikipedia.org)
Intracellular survival of B. bronchiseptica is extremely controversial, however it is known that the bacterium can survive for long periods of time without a host. (kenyon.edu)
Chlamydiae are obligate, intracellular parasites with a unique reproductive cycle that involves 2 forms: (1) an extracellular form adapted to survival in the environment, which allows the infection to be transmitted from one person to another, and (2) an intracellular form that replicates and produces more extracellular forms. (medscape.com)

Background: Infection processes consist of a sequence of steps, each critical for the interaction between host and parasite. (uni-muenchen.de)
I am particularly attracted to integrated approaches where we can learn about both host and parasite processes that are key to infection/disease progression - especially in the clinically relevant host, the cow. (ed.ac.uk)
Proteomic-based GO analysis demonstrated that biological processes such as cell deformation, proliferation, migration and wound healing occurred in the liver during the early infection. (biomedcentral.com)

When we tracked temporal changes in parasite VSA expression to ask whether variants associated with severe disease preferentially expand in naive hosts (as predicted by current theory) we found that var gene profiles were unchanged after 10-days of infection. (medrxiv.org)

NAD(P)H fluorescence lifetime imaging of live intestinal nematodes reveals metabolic crosstalk between parasite and host. (fu-berlin.de)

Gene expression data from mice with low-dose whipworm infection provide a detailed description of a regulated T H 1-like immune response to the infected cecum that is not limited to the immediate site of infection. (nature.com)
Resource limitation can influence the hosts' ability to mount an adequate immune response that could alter the strength of immune-meditated interactions among coinfecting parasites. (usda.gov)
When mice were injected with the parasite, Professor Cermakian's team discovered that their immune response varied greatly depending on what time of day the infection occurred. (eurekalert.org)
Silke Kiessling, a former postdoctoral student in Professor Cermakian's lab, found that Leishmania's infection was more effective in the early night, a time when the immune response to the parasite was the strongest. (eurekalert.org)
Simply put, the parasite thrives when it elicits a strong immune response, attracting inflammatory cells it uses to multiply (macrophages and neutrophils) to the infection site. (eurekalert.org)
Seth O'Neal] The cysts can form anywhere within the central nervous system, so the symptoms will vary depending on the number of cysts, their location, their size, and the strength of the host immune response against them. (cdc.gov)

Moreover, Gupta's contributions have advanced the understanding of signal transduction in apicomplexan parasites, with potential implications in infectious disease medicine and biotherapeutics. (wikipedia.org)
Less obvious, but as concerning for public health, is the possibility that Ebola virus might also interact with common cocirculating infectious agents at both the population and within-host (individual) levels. (cdc.gov)
[1] An infectious disease , also known as a transmissible disease or communicable disease , is an illness resulting from an infection. (wikipedia.org)
[4] The branch of medicine that focuses on infections is referred to as infectious diseases . (wikipedia.org)
In certain cases, infectious diseases may be asymptomatic for much or even all of their course in a given host. (wikipedia.org)
An infection is not synonymous with an infectious disease, as some infections do not cause illness in a host. (wikipedia.org)
An upsurge in untreatable infections could undermine not only 20th-century public health achievements in controlling infectious diseases but much of modern medicine, including surgery and chemotherapy. (cdc.gov)

An Interesting chapter deals with new insights into immune diagnosis in Trypanosoma cruzi infection, while another chapter on malaria vaccines critically reviews their development since the beginning, examining the basis for failures or successes encountered in clinical trials. (benthamscience.com)
One hundred years since the discovery of Chagas disease associated with Trypanosoma cruzi infection, growing attention has focused on understanding the evolution in parasite-human host interaction. (scielo.br)
It is caused by a parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi, which is transmitted to humans by blood-sucking triatomine bugs and via blood transfusion. (scielo.br)

The availability of these two important whipworm genomes and the integration of parasite and host data presented here will underpin future efforts to control these parasites and exploit their immunological interplay for human benefit. (nature.com)
Background and Objectives: Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a highly variable disease able to present as structurally diverse cysts in different organs based on the host's immunological state as well as the time between diagnosis and the primary infection. (bvsalud.org)

Cytopathologic viruses, such as herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2, live integrated into the host genome in the nervous system. (medscape.com)
A myriad of agents can potentially be transmitted through blood transfusions, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. (medscape.com)

Population genetic studies dating back to the mid-20th century first proposed that erythrocytes (red blood cells), the host cell for P. falciparum, have been under natural selection due to malaria. (stanford.edu)
Although the notion that malaria has helped shape the human genome is well- accepted, the lack of a nucleus in human erythrocytes has hindered our ability to study genetic interactions between these unusual host cells and P. falciparum parasites. (stanford.edu)
Falciparum malaria is clinically heterogeneous and the relative contribution of parasite and host in shaping disease severity remains unclear. (medrxiv.org)

and dermatophytes , a group of organisms causing infection of skin and other superficial structures in humans. (wikipedia.org)
Chagas disease originated millions of years ago as an enzootic infection of wild animals and began to be transmitted to humans as an anthropozoonosis when man invaded wild ecotopes. (scielo.br)
In humans, infections contribute highly to mortality and morbidity rates worldwide. (biomedcentral.com)
Of course, humans have evolved their own defenses against infection. (cdc.gov)
Humans are incidental hosts for Babesia when bitten by nymph or adult ticks. (medscape.com)
humans are typically dead-end hosts. (medscape.com)
the infection is incidental in humans. (medscape.com)

But why would the parasite be transmitted by a fly that bites at the exact time when our defences are at their strongest? (eurekalert.org)

B. bronchiseptica" infects its host by attaching to hamster lung fibroblasts when inhaled [4]. (kenyon.edu)
Entering the host's bloodstream during the tick bite, the parasite infects RBCs, producing differentiated and undifferentiated trophozoites. (medscape.com)

and illustrates the potential for co-infections with other arboviruses in bird-feeding mosquitoes and their avian hosts. (usgs.gov)

The sea louse ( Caligus rogercresseyi ) is the most relevant parasite for the farmed salmon industry in Chile, the second largest producer worldwide. (frontiersin.org)

This project focuses on avian malaria in the great tit Parus major and its natural mosquito vector, looking at different aspects of interactions between parasites and hosts. (unil.ch)

While evidence of human infection has been found in mummies up to 9,000 years old, endemic Chagas disease became established as a zoonosis only in the last 200-300 years, as triatomines adapted to domestic environments. (scielo.br)
Although the index of suspicion should be high in areas endemic for Babesia infection, patients with babesiosis have few, if any, localizing signs to suggest the disease. (medscape.com)
This pattern is seen in regions where the parasite is endemic as well. (cdc.gov)

In the latter case, the disease may only be defined as a "disease" (which by definition means an illness) in hosts who secondarily become ill after contact with an asymptomatic carrier . (wikipedia.org)
A number of important questions, such as the epidemiology among men and women, the true public health burden of symptomatic and asymptomatic T. vaginalis infections, and whether current treatments will be adequate to reduce the substantial health disparities and costs associated with trichomoniasis, need consideration to remedy neglect of this important disease. (cdc.gov)
Clinically, T. vaginalis infections in women are usually asymptomatic, or symptoms can appear weeks, months or years after an initial infection. (cdc.gov)
In the United States, it is usually an asymptomatic infection in healthy individuals. (medscape.com)

Parasites that manipulate host behavior can provide prominent examples of extended phenotypes: parasite genomes controlling host behavior. (ku.dk)

This interest has featured studies and results from paleoparasitology, not only the description of lesions in mummified bodies, but also the recovery of genetic material from the parasite and the possibility of analyzing such material over time. (scielo.br)

Malaria infections normally consist of more than one clonally-replicating lineage. (datadryad.org)

In these settings, infection is nearly universal early in childhood and recurrence occurs very quickly after treatment ( 83 ). (antimicrobe.org)
Acute phase reactants are plasma proteins whose levels dramatically increase (called positive acute phase reactants) or, in some cases, decrease (called negative acute phase reactants) in response to the elevated circulating levels of interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 that occur when infection or tissue damage occurs. (msdmanuals.com)

The bulbous posterior end of the whipworm lies free in the intestinal lumen and harbors the reproductive organs, giving adult Trichuris parasites their characteristic whip-like morphology. (nature.com)
On the basis of high-throughput transcriptomics data, we identify whipworm proteins that are highly expressed in the anterior region of the parasite, that is, in intimate contact with the cytoplasm of host intestinal cells and the immune system. (nature.com)
One such 'noneradication outcome' was the impetus that the members of the ITFDE gave to initiating a demonstration project to control intestinal parasites among schoolchildren in Ghana. (cdc.gov)

This research examined the effects of administering systematically two reproductive hormones, prolactin and prostaglandin, on various aspects of experimental stomach worm infections in lambs. (usda.gov)

origin, Colombia) with allopatric isolates of Fasciola hepatica from France or Fascioloides magna from the Czech Republic were carried out during five successive snail generations to determine if this lymnaeid might sustain complete larval development of either parasite. (cambridge.org)
Sarah Gregory] Neurocysticercosis, which is brain infection with Taenia solinium larval cysts, causes substantial neurologic illness around the world. (cdc.gov)

As bacterial and viral infections can both cause the same kinds of symptoms, it can be difficult to distinguish which is the cause of a specific infection. (wikipedia.org)
In general, viral infections are systemic. (wikipedia.org)

Arthropods such as ticks , mites , fleas , and lice , can also cause human disease, which conceptually are similar to infections, but invasion of a human or animal body by these macroparasites is usually termed infestation . (wikipedia.org)

Community ecology theory can provide a mechanistic framework for understanding the network of direct and indirect interactions among hosts and parasites and for making predictions for the outcomes of co-infection. (usda.gov)
The diverse outcomes of CHMI therefore depend upon human immune variation and there is no evidence for switching or selection of var genes in naive hosts. (medrxiv.org)
Increasing recognition of the sequelae of infection, including increased risk of infection with human immunodeficiency virus and adverse outcomes of pregnancy, has led to increased interest in T. vaginalis . (cdc.gov)

Clonorchis sinensis infection typically elicits Th1/Th2 mixed immune responses during the course of biliary injury and periductal fibrosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Initial infection with mycobacteria generally elicits a mild inflammatory response with few or no symptoms. (medscape.com)

Blood indicators including ALT, AST, WBC, CRP and IL-6 indicated that both liver injury and systemic inflammation worsened as the infection progressed. (biomedcentral.com)
This study revealed that acute inflammatory injury was rapidly triggered by initial infection by C. sinensis juveniles in the host, accompanied by the enrichment of detoxification, inflammation, fibrosis, tumor and metabolism-related pathways in the liver, which provides a new perspective for the early intervention and therapy of clonorchiasis. (biomedcentral.com)
We explored the interaction between inflammation and parasite variant surface antigen (VSA) expression, asking whether this relationship underpins the variation observed in controlled human malaria infection (CHMI). (medrxiv.org)
Elevated C-reactive protein levels are a nonspecific indicator of infection or inflammation. (msdmanuals.com)
Collectively, they may help limit tissue injury, enhance host resistance to infection, and promote tissue repair and resolution of inflammation. (msdmanuals.com)

Major outbreaks of infections with Ebola virus, such as the 2014-2016 West Africa epidemic and the ongoing 2018-2019 outbreak in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, pose several obvious and immediate threats to public health. (cdc.gov)
Recently, news stories on an experimental drug for Ebola virus infection ( Zmapp ™*) described it as a "serum," a term that is rarely used today. (cdc.gov)

Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis due to Acanthamoeba castellanii is a serious human infection with fatal consequences, but it is not clear how the circulating amoebae interact with the blood-brain barrier and transmigrate into the central nervous system. (asm.org)
Metagenomic studies are revealing that human-microbe interactions are more complex and dynamic than previously imagined and that our use of antibiotics may have unanticipated consequences. (cdc.gov)

Our study underlines the importance of resolving the infection process in order to better understand host-parasite interactions. (uni-muenchen.de)
He led the innovative use of optogenetics manipulation as a tool to study cellular mechanism underlying infection. (wikipedia.org)
The BALB/c mouse model was established to study early infection (within 7 days) with C. sinensis juveniles. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study we propose a novel methodology using flow cytometry to study this interaction, and compare it with a previously described "in vitro" binding assay. (umd.edu)
To study parasite-macrophage interaction, peritoneal macrophages were obtained from 4 dogs and adjusted to 3 × 106 cells/mL. (umd.edu)
The second aspect involves studies in wild (great reed warbler) and experiments in captive (zebra finches and canaries) study systems that address short- and long-term costs of immune system activation and infection. (lu.se)
neurocysticercosis often require long-term outpatient care or may be seen frequently in the emergency department, but we were unable to capture any of these healthcare interactions in this study. (cdc.gov)

Host genetics may provide some answers to COVID-19, but only with the right questions (blog post) Duggal P, Wojcik G. Medium.com, May 26, 2020. (cdc.gov)

However, there was no overall effect of the diversity of susceptible parasites on the extent of competitive suppression or release. (datadryad.org)

With an estimated worldwide incidence of 248 million new cases per year, T. vaginalis infection is more common than Chlamydia , gonorrhea, and syphilis infections combined, making it the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection (STI). (cdc.gov)

On the basis of whole-transcriptome analyses, we identify many genes that are expressed in a sex- or life stage-specific manner and characterize the transcriptional landscape of a morphological region with unique biological adaptations, namely, bacillary band and stichosome, found only in whipworms and related parasites. (nature.com)
We resolve chromosomal sequences and infer sex chromosome-specific parasite genes and new potential drug targets. (nature.com)

Organisms1

Phenomena and Processes1

Plasmodium13

Species24

Immunity7

Virulence6

Coevolution4

Parasitology3

Malaria parasites3

Parasitic11

Gastrointestinal2

Populations6

Biology9

Molecular10

Susceptibility5

Helminth3

Nematode6

Bacterial infections4

Pathogens5

Protozoan parasites1

Pathogenic2

Aspects of host-parasite1

Caused by the protozoan parasite1

Dynamics4

Evolutionary2

Fungi1

Vectors4

Candidal infection3

Fungal1

Leishmania9

Prevalence4

Genotypes3

Mammalian2

Helminths2

Intracellular3

Processes3

Changes in parasite1

Nematodes1

Immune response6

Infectious7

Trypanosoma3

Immunological2

Viruses2

Falciparum3

Humans7

Defences1

Infects2

Avian hosts1

Relevant parasite1

Vector1

Endemic3

Asymptomatic4

Genomes1

Genetic1

Consist1

Occurs2

Intestinal3

Worm infections1

Larval2

Viral infections2

Arthropods1

Outcomes3

Elicits2

Inflammation5

Ebola2

Consequences2

Study7

Genetics1

Susceptible1

Chlamydia1

Genes2