• To assemble a phage cocktail with optimal therapeutic potential for tuberculosis, we have explored mycobacteriophage diversity to identify phages that demonstrate tuberculocidal activity and determined the phage infection profiles for a diverse set of strains spanning the major lineages of human-adapted strains of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. (bvsalud.org)
  • One-step growth curve experiments indicate chat one cycle of the phage takes 4-5 hours and chat the phage liberation is much more asynchronous in wild type phage infection as compared to c mutant infection. (iisc.ac.in)
  • Do you know or could you help me find sources, if it is possible for bacteria to acquire and use phage genes for their own benefit after they neutralise phage infection (through CRISPR/CAS for example)? (phagedirectory.com)
  • For phage PP7, he developed tools for high-throughput analysis of single copies of viral RNA genomes and the effect of phage infection on host cell mobility. (tamu.edu)
  • How bacterial cyclases recognize phage infection is not known. (bvsalud.org)
  • In through the Out Door: A Functional Virulence Factor Secretion System Is Necessary for Phage Infection in Ralstonia solanacearum. (ulaval.ca)
  • Abstract Bacteriophages that lyse Salmonella enterica are potential tools to target and control Salmonella infections. (eptc.ge)
  • The therapeutic potential of bacteriophages against Mycobacterium tuberculosis offers prospects for shortening antibiotic regimens, provides new tools for treating multiple drug-resistant (MDR)-TB and extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-TB infections, and protects newly developed antibiotics against rapidly emerging resistance to them. (bvsalud.org)
  • Professor Smith's research interests relate to how bacteriophages alter bacterial physiology, phenotype and bacterial community structure through chromosomal integration, subversion of cell function, or during active infection and cell lysis. (northumbria.ac.uk)
  • Microbial communities are shaped by bacteriophages through predation and lysogeny. (combatamr.org)
  • On 8 June 2015, the European Medicines Agency is organising a workshop on the therapeutic use of bacteriophages, bringing together experts and stakeholders from the academic, industrial and regulatory sectors to discuss different aspects of using bacteriophages to treat bacterial infections. (combatamr.org)
  • For phage lambda, Zihao developed a live-cell phage DNA labeling technique and computational analysis algorithms that allowed him to track and quantify individual copies of phage genomic DNA and correlate them with the lysis-lysogeny decision process. (tamu.edu)
  • This cell-centric metric enables direct comparison of viral strategies characterized by obligate killing of hosts (e.g. via lysis), persistence of viral genomes inside hosts (e.g. via lysogeny), and strategies along a continuum between these extremes (e.g. via chronic infections). (illinois.edu)
  • Clearances in the naive lawn surrounding inoculation spots indicate Willow prophages in the spotted inoculum had been induced from lysogeny to lysis. (emerging-researchers.org)
  • Bacteriophage are viruses that infect bacterial hosts and can induce lysis upon infection. (sudoroom.org)
  • There are three types of persistent infections, latent, chronic and slow, in which the virus stays inside the host cell for prolonged periods of time. (wikipedia.org)
  • During latent infections there is minimal to no expression of infected viral genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • After initial infection of the viral genome the virus may become latent within the host. (wikidoc.org)
  • We emphasized covert (latent) infection in our paper, while Pantaleo et al . (nature.com)
  • The advent of effective ART and discovery of HIV dynamics by the Ho and Shaw labs (12, 13) quickly shifted attention to the active nature of HIV infection, only to be soon followed by the diametrically opposed theme of HIV latent infection by Siliciano (14) and others. (nature.com)
  • Isolation and characterization of the host mutants in which the phage cannot establish lysogeny, have revealed that the cyclic AMP levels of the host determine che lyric or lysogenic response in mycobaeteria. (iisc.ac.in)
  • Non-toxin-producing C. diphtheriae and C. ulcerans can convert to toxin-producing strains through a process of lysogeny with diphtheria toxin gene-carrying corynebacteriophages ( 5 - 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Studies to screen P. acidilactici and P. pentosaceus for lysogeny detected temperate bacteriophage in three strains of P. acidilactici . (usu.edu)
  • Bacteriophage infection of Streptococcus thermophilus is a growing concern in the mozzarella cheese industry. (usu.edu)
  • The creation of recombinant DNA molecules is possible due to the use of naturally occurring restriction endonucleases (restriction enzymes), bacterial enzymes produced as a protection mechanism to cut and destroy foreign cytoplasmic DNA that is most commonly a result of bacteriophage infection. (pressbooks.pub)
  • Plant infection begins at the roots, where the fungus is confronted with rhizosphere inhabiting bacteria. (frontiersin.org)
  • Treatment of the roots with bacteria prior to infection with V. dahliae resulted in a significant reduction of fungal root colonization. (frontiersin.org)
  • Non-symbiotic bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis and Burkholderia insecticola , cannot establish infection and symbiosis with P. stali 10 . (nature.com)
  • Although phages outnumber other species combined in nature (10 31 in total), only a small fraction of them have been successfully exploited for fighting infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria. (cip.com.cn)
  • Many examples of phages that are recognized as being involved in such processes are known, for example, the Shiga toxin-encoding (Stx) phages-a key virulence factor of Shiga-toxigenic E. coli (STEC)-are the causative agents of haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS), a major contributor to disease associated with STEC infection [ 18 , 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lastly, slow infections have a longer incubation period in which no physiological, morphological or subcellular changes may be involved. (wikipedia.org)
  • His group uses lab, multi-omic and bioinformatics based approaches to determine the physiological impact of lysogeny or lytic infection on the host bacterium and the surrounding microbiota in clinical and environmental settings. (northumbria.ac.uk)
  • Persistent infections involve viral material that lays dormant within a cell until activated by some stimulus. (wikipedia.org)
  • The process by which, after initial infection, a virus lies dormant within a cell and viral production ceases. (planteome.org)
  • I don't mean lysogeny, pseudo-lysogeny, or phage fragment storage for "bacterial immunity" but something like horizontal gene transfer from degraded phage DNA to the bacterial genome. (phagedirectory.com)
  • Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that causes serious nosocomial infection in intensive care units. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Acinetobacter baumannii , a Gram-negative coccobacillus, is an important global nosocomial pathogen species that causes infections such as bacteremia, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, wound infections, and meningitis in critically immunocompromised patients in intensive care units (ICUs) [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Carbapenems have been the most effective antibiotics against the serious infections caused by Acinetobacter spp. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This constitutes the broadest category of infections as it can include both cytocidal and persistent infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, certai11 host genes also play a critical role in the establishment of lysogeny by 13. (iisc.ac.in)
  • S. aureus is a pathogen that frequently causes severe morbidity and phage therapy is being discussed as an alternative to antibiotics for the treatment of S. aureus infections. (bvsalud.org)
  • Consistent with these in vitro findings, phage treatment did not reduce bacterial burdens in a neutropenic mouse S. aureus thigh infection model. (bvsalud.org)
  • In summary, phage treatment of S. aureus infections inside the body may be fundamentally challenging, and more investigation is needed prior to proceeding to in-human trials. (bvsalud.org)
  • His research interests are critical care and microbiology, including zoonotic infections and microbiota. (cdc.gov)
  • The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China has posed a serious threat to global public health. (nature.com)
  • Paenibacillus larvae is the causative agent in the fatal honeybee larvae infection American Foulbrood Disease, a significant contributor to the worldwide decline in honeybee populations. (emerging-researchers.org)
  • This Janus-faced pairing is actually a recurrent theme in lentivirus infections (9) from Visna to HIV-silent infection to hide and persist, and active infection to maintain and spread infection and indirectly cause disease from immunopathological responses to active infection. (nature.com)
  • This type of infection usually causes few obvious changes within the cell but can lead to long chronic diseases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chronic infections have similar cellular effects as acute cytocidal infections but there is a limited number of progeny and viruses involved in transformation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytocidal infections can cause fusion of adjacent cells, disruption of transport pathways including ions and other cell signals, disruption of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis, and nearly always leads to cell death. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cells with transforming infections undergo immortalization and inherit the genetic material to produce tumors. (wikipedia.org)
  • c The formation of syncytium in Huh-7 cells 24 h after SARS-CoV-2 infection, with scale bar of 200 µm. (nature.com)
  • Helper and killer T cells respectively coordinate and attack viral infections. (ishinobu.com)
  • In our early studies of the prototypic lentivirus and distant relative of HIV, visna virus, we thought that the answer was that visna virus escaped the immune response in infected sheep by "hiding" in cells in a quiescent state, analogous to bacteriophage lysogeny, but on a grand scale, in an animal (1-3). (nature.com)
  • Maddox focused on the implications for refuting Peter Duesberg's "HIV-hypothesis" that HIV was not the cause of AIDS, while the Temin/ Bolognisi prescient piece anchored the findings to the likelihood in any retrovirus infection of defective proviruses accounting for a substantial portion of transcriptionally silent cells. (nature.com)
  • This study is the first report to compare in vivo evaluations ( G. mellonella larvae and a mouse acute pneumonia model) of the therapeutic efficacy of a phage against CRAB infections. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Manaus, Brazil, resurged in late 2020 despite previously high levels of infection. (adamantas.it)
  • Although increased coverage of the diphtheria toxoid vaccine has reduced the frequency of C. diphtheriae infections, reports of C. ulcerans infections in humans are increasing. (cdc.gov)
  • 2021. Analysis of Infection Time Courses Shows CII Levels Determine the Frequency of Lysogeny in Phage 186. . (ncbs.res.in)
  • This infection causes a host cell to become malignant and can be either cytocidal (usually in the case of RNA viruses) or persistent (usually in the case of DNA viruses). (wikipedia.org)
  • Lysogeny involves integration into the host chromosome. (wikidoc.org)
  • A host organism that carries a virus and may or may not show symptoms of an infection is called a. reservoir.6. (adamantas.it)
  • The successful use of a bacteriophage cocktail to treat a Mycobacterium abscessus infection suggests that phages could play a role in tuberculosis therapy. (bvsalud.org)
  • Reports of human infections with C. ulcerans have increased during the past 20 years, and C. ulcerans is a recognized emerging human pathogen ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • This interplay of bacterial effects on the pathogen can be beneficial to protect plants from infection, as shown with A . thaliana root experiments. (frontiersin.org)
  • Table 1: Cellular effects of viral infections Cytocidal infections are often associated with changes in cell morphology, physiology and are thus important for the complete viral replication and transformation. (wikipedia.org)
  • EK1C4 was also highly effective against membrane fusion and infection of other human coronavirus pseudoviruses tested, including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, as well as SARSr-CoVs, and potently inhibited the replication of 5 live human coronaviruses examined, including SARS-CoV-2. (nature.com)
  • Lysogeny includes all 5 steps from the Lytic Replication Cycle. (easynotecards.com)
  • So, how are we to count the replication competent proviruses from which infection rebounds when ART is interrupted? (nature.com)
  • In productive infections, additional infectious viruses are produced. (wikipedia.org)
  • Abortive infections do not produce infectious viruses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology. (nebraska.edu)
  • The results of this study strongly suggest that phage Βϕ-R2096, a novel A. baumannii lytic phage, could be an alternative antibacterial agent to control CRAB infections. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Prior to joining Northumbria University, Dr Smith worked as a postdoctoral research associate with Professor Andrew Owen's, University of Liverpool HIV pharmacology group in collaboration with Professor Steve Rannard focussing the impact of nanoformulation on highly active antiretroviral therapy drugs used in the treatment of HIV infection. (northumbria.ac.uk)
  • Currently, CDC STD treatment guidelines recommend dual therapy with the injectable cephalosporin ceftriaxone and either azithromycin or doxycycline to treat all uncomplicated gonococcal infections among adults and adolescents in the United States. (sudoroom.org)
  • Corynebacterium ulcerans infection is emerging in humans. (cdc.gov)
  • Viral transformation is most commonly understood as transforming infections, so the remainder of the article focuses on detailing transforming infections. (wikipedia.org)
  • Symptoms of measles infection may include: high fever with spikes of more than 104° F (40° C) cough. (adamantas.it)
  • There are two types of cytocidal infections, productive and abortive. (wikipedia.org)
  • One example of a productive cytocidal infection is the herpes virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Intranasal application of EK1C4 before or after challenge with HCoV-OC43 protected mice from infection, suggesting that EK1C4 could be used for prevention and treatment of infection by the currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging SARSr-CoVs. (nature.com)
  • There are three types of viral infections that can be considered under the topic of viral transformation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Transforming infections are also referred to as malignant transformation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Transformation infections is limited to abortive or restrictive infections. (wikipedia.org)
  • And, can we discount immune and drug sanctuaries in lymphoid tissues where active infection continues (17, 18) as a source of virus for rebound and stimulus for immune activation and its associated contribution to morbidity and mortality (19)? (nature.com)
  • The slow infection caused by visna virus. (nature.com)
  • Gene expression in visna virus infection in sheep. (nature.com)
  • Massive covert infection of helper T lymphocytes and macrophages by human immunodeficiency virus during the incubation period of AIDS. (nature.com)
  • A belly laugh increases the ability of your immune system to fight infections. (ishinobu.com)
  • In the evaluation of its therapeutic potential against CRAB clinical isolates using two in vivo models, phage Βϕ-R2096 increased the survival rates of both G. mellonella larvae (from 0 to 50% at 24 h) and mice (from 30% with MOI = 0.1 to 100% with MOI = 10 for 12 days) in post-infection of CRAB. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Laboratory treatments using phage have proven effective in prophylactic applications and for active P. larvae infections. (emerging-researchers.org)
  • HIV infection was always active. (nature.com)
  • Since the term cytocidal, or cytolytic, refers to cell death, these three infections are not mutually exclusive. (wikipedia.org)