• This condition is usually secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia or squamous metaplasia. (furrycritter.com)
  • Frequent epithelial atrophy and occasional epithelial squamous metaplasia are associated with these areas of cell infiltration. (sonopath.com)
  • On the other hand, an oestrogen imbalance causes hyperplasia of the ducts together with squamous metaplasia of the epithelial lining and desquamation into the lumen. (sonopath.com)
  • Histologically, a commonly observed change is transformation of mucus-producing lingual epithelium to stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium (squamous metaplasia). (vin.com)
  • In other cases, there are significantly decreased amounts of cytoplasmic mucus in lingual epithelial cells without overt squamous metaplasia. (vin.com)
  • Review of necropsy records submitted to the Wyoming toad SSP between 1999-2003 showed that 22/41 (54%) animals in which tongue was examined histologically had some degree of lingual squamous metaplasia. (vin.com)
  • Because squamous metaplasia of mucus-producing epithelia is commonly associated with hypovitaminosis A in other species, investigation of vitamin A status in affected toads was pursued. (vin.com)
  • The combination of squamous metaplasia and decreased hepatic retinol is highly suggestive of hypovitaminosis A. Similar clinical signs and histologic changes have subsequently been observed in other captive toads including Rocky Mountain boreal toads ( Bufo boreas boreas ) and Woodhouse's toads ( Bufo woodhousii ). (vin.com)
  • Conditions that should be distinguished from urethral diverticulum in a differential diagnosis include overactive bladder, Gartner's duct cyst, Gartner's duct abscess, ectopic caeco-ureterocele, interstitial cystitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, and cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • The urethral sphincters and its smooth muscle, as well as the neck of the bladder, can be injured regardless of the surgical approach. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bacteria may enter and infect the prostate by going up the urethra or by coming down the urethra from an infection in the urinary bladder. (furrycritter.com)
  • While there are no established surveillance protocols, defunctionalized bladder patients with urethral discharge should be evaluated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, these symptoms are nonspecific and may also be associated with infection of the lower genitourinary tract (urethra, vagina) or with noninfectious conditions such as bladder carcinoma, urethral diverticulum, and calculi. (medscape.com)
  • C trachomatis infection has also been linked to painful bladder syndrome (PBS). (medscape.com)
  • Its development has been linked to long-standing mucosal irritation (urethral reimplantation, neurogenic bladder, bladder exstrophy). (medscape.com)
  • The bladder trigone is bounded by the two ureteral orifices and the internal urethral orifice. (medscape.com)
  • The patient was diagnosed with bladder cancer, urinary tract infection and anemia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A urethral diverticulum is a condition where the urethra or the periurethral glands push into the connective tissue layers (fascia) that surround it. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other symptoms include pain localized to the urethra or pelvis and frequent urinary tract infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bacterial cystitis is most commonly the result of an ascending infection through the urethra caused by the patient's own enteric microbiota. (medscape.com)
  • When the peri-urethral ducts become infected repeatedly, they can become blocked and eventually cause a diverticulum. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cysts can be distributed throughout the gland but are more numerous in the peri-urethral areas. (sonopath.com)
  • In infancy usually the urethral diverticulum is congenital but in rare instances acquired urethral diverticulum can be seen in infancy specially following traumatic catheterization. (wikipedia.org)
  • Common symptoms of urethral diverticulum include incontinence, urinary frequency and urgency, pain during sex, and pain during urination. (wikipedia.org)
  • When urethral diverticulum becomes severe, a painful mass can sometimes be felt inside the introitus of the vagina, which can discharge pus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Urethral diverticulum is often an incidental finding. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other studies that can be used to diagnose urethral diverticulum include intravenous urography, urethroscopy, and/or ultrasound. (wikipedia.org)
  • The primary treatment for urethral diverticulum is surgical. (wikipedia.org)
  • Left untreated, urethral diverticulum can cause significant morbidity (sickness). (wikipedia.org)
  • The incidence of urethral diverticulum has been increasing in the 2000s, likely due to increasing diagnosis and detection of the condition. (wikipedia.org)
  • Urethral diverticulum can occur in men, and can cause complications including kidney stones and urinary tract infections. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dr Aniruddha Kulkarni, Dr Ashfaque Tinmaswala, Dr Shubhangi shetkar et al Acquired urethral diverticulum in a neonate - A rare case report international journal of medical case reports vol 2 issue 3- 2016 page 10-13 https://static.wixstatic.com/ugd/3df4f0_6bfd788d896b4c4b87e05f2644eaaaa3.pdf?dn=Urethral+diverticulum+case+report+publish.pdf Mohanty, D. (wikipedia.org)
  • If the ducts that drain the prostate become obstructed, bacteria are trapped in the prostate and form a walled-off site of infection known as an abscess. (furrycritter.com)
  • Urethral duplication (UD) is a rare congenital malformation, most often encountered in males. (annals.edu.sg)
  • Congenital urethral diverticula can arise from several embryological sources. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most symptomatic urethral diverticula are present in women from 30 to 60 years old. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, in context of diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy, a bacterial urinary tract infection (UTI) may be viewed as a secondary (or complicating) rather than a primary (or definitive) diagnostic entity. (ivis.org)
  • Malignancies are rare in defunctionalized bladders and are thought to arise from metaplasia secondary to chronic inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Granulomatous cystitis due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is often secondary to primary kidney involvement. (medscape.com)
  • In context of surgery, conceptual understanding of alterations in interactions between host defenses and pathogenic microbes that result in bacterial urinary tract infections (UTI) are important for at least two reasons. (ivis.org)
  • Why is it Important to Recognize that Bacterial Urinary Tract Infection is not a Primary Diagnostic Entity? (ivis.org)
  • Although the urinary tract communicates with an external environment loaded with bacteria and other potentially pathogenic agents, most of it is normally sterile and all of it is normally resistant to infection. (ivis.org)
  • Right lateral (A) and ventrodorsal (B) abdominal radiographic images of a 9-year-old 7.0-kg (15.4-lb) spayed female Shih Tzu with a 1.5-year history of vaginal discharge, polyuria, polydipsia, and urinary tract infections. (avma.org)
  • Infection with the obligate intracellular organism Chlamydia trachomatis (immunotypes D-K) frequently associates with other lower genitourinary (GU) tract infections. (medscape.com)
  • urinary tract infection, glomerulonephritis, renal failure. (dmaedu.com)
  • E) There is decreased risk of urinary tract infection in pregnancy. (mrcoggoal.com)
  • Eosinophilic cystitis, a rare condition, can be associated with allergic and autoimmune diseases such as lupus, parasitic infection, and systemic peripheral eosinophilia, such as in idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome . (medscape.com)
  • Granulomatous inflammation can arise from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infection. (medscape.com)
  • A urethral stent was kept to decrease the risk of urine leak. (annals.edu.sg)
  • Complete urethral obstruction only rarely occurs, but an affected dog will spend quite a bit of time urinating and produces a stream of urine with a small diameter. (furrycritter.com)
  • Bacterial infection of the prostate is sometimes, but not always, involved with production of the bloody urine. (furrycritter.com)
  • New technologies can reduce complications such as obstruction and infection. (bvsalud.org)
  • After surgical repair of the urethral duplication, meatal stenosis, penoscrotal transposition, bifid scrotum, chordee and phimosis, acceptable functional and cosmetic outcome was obtained. (annals.edu.sg)
  • Histopathologically, several characteristics are frequently visible in urethral diverticula. (wikipedia.org)
  • Urethral diverticula are often asymptomatic and symptoms that are present tend to be nonspecific. (wikipedia.org)
  • CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES AND INJURIES I. INFECTIOUS AND PARASITIC DISEASES (001-139) Includes: diseases generally recognized as communicable or transmissible as well as a few diseases of unknown but possibly infectious origin Excludes: acute respiratory infections (460-466) influenza (487. (cdc.gov)
  • certain localized infections Note: Categories for "late effects" of infectious and parasitic diseases are to be found at 137. (cdc.gov)
  • Vulvovaginitis, a general term referring to many types of vaginal infection, is the most common gynecologic condition seen by practitioners rendering primary care to women. (medscape.com)
  • This category will also be used in primary coding to classify bacterial infections of unspecified nature or site. (cdc.gov)
  • Acquired urethral diverticula can be caused by trauma and/or infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Disease processes may be incited or exacerbated by a variety of external and internal influences, including trauma , infection , poisoning , loss of blood flow , autoimmunity , inherited or acquired genetic damage, or errors of development . (bionity.com)
  • Cystoscopy demonstrated a mass measuring about 6 cm in maximum diameter with cauliflower-like surface located in the right lateral wall and extending to the internal urethral orifice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • HIV-infected female adolescents who have initiated sexual intercourse should have cervical screening cytology (liquid-based or Pap smear) obtained twice at 6-month intervals during the first year after diagnosis of HIV infection, and if the results are normal, annually thereafter (AII) . (hiv.gov)
  • 10 They are more common in males with M:F = 10:1, this may presumably be due to differences in urethral anatomy. (pediatricurologybook.com)