Infection schistosomiasis. Medical search. Frequent questions

Spatial patterns of human water contact and Schistosoma mansoni transmission and infection in four rural areas in Machakos District, Kenya. (ajtmh.org)
Infections with all major Schistosoma species can be treated with praziquantel. (cdc.gov)
None of these five Schistosoma species cause schistosomiasis in people who live in Canada or the United States, including Puerto Rico, where schistosomiasis used to be endemic. (msdmanuals.com)
Sometimes referred to as bilharzias, bilharziasis, or snail fever, schistosomiasis was discovered by Theodore Bilharz, a German surgeon working in Cairo, who first identified the etiological agent Schistosoma hematobium in 1851. (medscape.com)
Schistosomiasis is due to immunologic reactions to Schistosoma eggs trapped in tissues. (medscape.com)
A Schistosomiasis vaccine is a vaccine against Schistosomiasis (also known as bilharzia, bilharziosis or snail fever), a parasitic disease caused by several species of fluke of the genus Schistosoma. (wikipedia.org)
Schistosomiasis is infection with blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma , which are acquired transcutaneously by swimming or wading in contaminated freshwater. (merckmanuals.com)
Urinary schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma haematobium constitutes a major public health problem in many tropical and sub-tropical countries and is reportedly endemic in 53 counties in the Middle East and most of the African continent [ 10 11 ]. (ispub.com)
The study presented here aimed to contrast the marked clinical differences in the presentation of Schistosoma mansoni-induced infection between immigrants and travellers entering Spain from endemic regions, and to elucidate the therapeutic implications of these infections. (unboundmedicine.com)
The significant differences observed in the clinical presentation of Schistosoma mansoni-induced infection, indicate that a well-differentiated therapeutic strategy is required when this infection is diagnosed in a non-immune (traveller) or a semi-immune (immigrant) patient. (unboundmedicine.com)
Clearance of infections and resolution of morbidity were subsequently studied in two phases following systematic anti-STI and anti-schistosoma treatment, respectively. (drugpatentwatch.com)
Infection with Schistosoma haematobium may cause Female Genital Schistosomiasis (FGS) with pathological lesions in the female genital tract, especially the cervix. (drugpatentwatch.com)
In epidemiological studies, many data are conflicting with some reporting protective effects against malaria for Ascaris lumbricoides and Schistosoma haematobium while infection with hookworm or S. mansoni may increase the incidence of malaria and worsen pathology. (biomedcentral.com)
Chemicals that kill molluscs, known as molluscicides, can control Schistosoma infections. (theconversation.com)
For example, the life cycle of schistosoma involves infections of humans and freshwater snails. (theconversation.com)

Also known as bilharzia, this is an infection caused by parasitic trematode worms transmitted when larval forms, released by freshwater snails, penetrate human skin during contact with infected water. (kit.nl)
About 200 million people are affected by schistosomiasis (bilharzia), with 200,000 dying each year. (newint.org)
Despite the public health importance, helminthic diseases such as food-borne trematodiasis, lymphatic filariasis/elephantiasis, onchocerciasis (river blindness), schistosomiasis (bilharzia) and soil-transmitted Helminthiasis, are largely neglected. (swisstph.ch)

While chemotherapeutic drugs, such as praziquantel, oxamniquine and metrifonate both no longer on the market, are currently considered safe and effective for the treatment of schistosomiasis, reinfection occurs frequently following drug treatment, thus a vaccine is sought to provide long-term treatment. (wikipedia.org)
For quite a long time, praziquantel (PZQ) was widely used for the treatment of schistosomiasis and has shown benefit in treating liver fibrosis. (nih.gov)
In this review, we present a balanced and comprehensive view of the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis, grading, and treatment of schistosomiasis-associated hepatic fibrosis. (nih.gov)
Experts will also seek to extend treatment of schistosomiasis to pre-school children and improving the diagnosis of sleeping sickness and infectious diseases, including those that cause epidemics. (ed.ac.uk)

Most human schistosomiasis is caused by S haematobium, S mansoni , and S japonicum . (medscape.com)
Described from 2008 and published in a case report in 2019, a 14-year-old schoolboy from a Paris suburb visiting the Ivory Coast, his parents' native country, was found with hematuria and S haematobium-S mansoni hybrid infection. (medscape.com)

After malaria and intestinal helminthiasis, schistosomiasis is the third most devastating tropical disease in the world, being a major source of morbidity and mortality for developing countries in Africa, South America, the Caribbean, the Middle East, and Asia. (medscape.com)
Research will target malaria, sleeping sickness, schistosomiasis - a severe worm infection - and other tropical diseases. (ed.ac.uk)
Through Rhode Island Hospital's Center for International Health Research (CIHR)- for which Kurtis is the founder and director and Friedman the director of clinical studies- the pair works to understand the mechanisms that cause tropical infectious diseases, specifically malaria and schistosomiasis, and to harness this knowledge to design improved treatments and vaccines. (lifespan.org)
Second only to malaria as the most devastating parasitic disease, but much less widely known, schistosomiasis is caused by tissue-invasive parasitic flatworms and infects more than 250 million people worldwide, contributing to poor health and economic stagnation in endemic areas. (lifespan.org)
The immunological interaction between helminth and malaria infections is highly relevant to disease control and elimination, yet is poorly understood and understudied. (biomedcentral.com)
Chronic helminth infection causes immune hyporesponsiveness and stimulates anti-inflammatory cytokine production, which in turn modulates the host immune response to malaria. (biomedcentral.com)
Laboratory analysis for P. falciparum malaria infection (thick blood smear and rapid test) and S. haematobium infection (urine microscopy) was performed and treatment was provided to infected children. (biomedcentral.com)
In the full cohort age, gender and schistosomiasis were not associated with malaria and malaria incidence among these schoolchildren was 0.4 episodes per person per year. (biomedcentral.com)
Specific genes of relevance to malaria infection, including CD8a, were significantly downregulated in malaria-infected compared to coinfected children. (biomedcentral.com)
Neglected tropical diseases and other parasitic infections such as malaria affect the lives of hundreds of millions of people across the tropics and sub-tropics. (theconversation.com)
The geographic distribution of parasitic infections including malaria and most neglected tropical diseases such as schistosomiasis is very patchy. (theconversation.com)

There are two forms: intestinal and urogenital schistosomiasis. (kit.nl)
A cross-sectional study of urogenital schistosomiasis and sexually transmitted infections (STI) prevalence and associated morbidity in a rural community in Madagascar. (drugpatentwatch.com)

We found the prevalence of human schistosomiasis in school-aged children to be negatively correlated with the density of molluscivorous fishes. (springer.com)

As an example, the intestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus produces a TGF- β mimic during its invasive stages causing the induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in mice [ 9 ], a T cell subset that controls immunity in infection, allergy, and autoimmunity [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Polyparasitism with intestinal parasites and schistosomiasis constitutes a major pubic health challenge in Nigeria especially among school age children. (ispub.com)
Using standard parasitological techniques, intestinal parasitic infections and urinary schistosomiasis were assessed among school age children in Edda a semi-urban area of south-eastern Nigeria. (ispub.com)
Of the 300 children screened, 32(10.7%) had intestinal parasitic infections while 41(13.6%) of the children were infected with S. haematobium . (ispub.com)
Polyparasitism with intestinal parasites and schistosomiasis is now globally recognized be the norm for many residents of parasite endemic regions and particularly among children of school age [ 1 2 3 4 ]. (ispub.com)
Intestinal parasitic infections caused by protozoans and helminths are globally endemic and have been described as constituting the greatest single worldwide cause of illness and disease [ 5 6 ], in fact about one third of the world, more than two billion people, are infected with intestinal parasites [ 6 ]. (ispub.com)
Intestinal parasitic infections and urinary schistosomiasis have been described as diseases of poverty and underdevelopment because they have been linked to lack of sanitation, lack of access to safe water and improper hygiene [ 12 ]. (ispub.com)
School age children in developing countries are the most severely affected by polyparasitism with intestinal parasites and schistosomiasis and continue to bear the greatest health burden due to the infections [ 4 14 ]. (ispub.com)
In Nigeria intestinal parasitic infections and urinary schistosomiasis continue to constitute a major pubic health and developmental challenge especially among school age children. (ispub.com)
As president of the , he and his team are developing the first vaccines for hookworm, an intestinal parasite that affects 700 million people worldwide, as well as schistosomiasis. (kcur.org)

For S. haematobium , presence of hematuria can suggest infection but this test is more useful for population studies in Africa and is not sufficiently sensitive or specific for individual patient diagnosis. (cdc.gov)
More than 140 million people, 90% of who live in Africa, are infected with schistosomiasis. (medscape.com)
For example, cystitis from schistosomiasis is common in Africa and the Middle East. (medscape.com)
The work is part of a £7m initiative called Tackling Infections to Benefit Africa (TIBA), a partnership between African experts and University of Edinburgh researchers. (ed.ac.uk)
Worm infections are the most common afflictions of the world's poor in places like Asia and Africa. (kcur.org)

Such evolution may be explained by different phenomena, the most evident being that many helminths undertake specific multiorgan migratory trajectories before reaching their final destination such as the lung, intestine, liver, or blood vessels where they can persist and cause chronic infections. (hindawi.com)
Parasitic helminths generally induce strong type 2 immunity that normally controls parasite infection and is characterized by production of type 2 cytokines like interleukin- (IL-) 4, IL-5, and IL-13 by innate cells (group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, and macrophages) and CD4 + T helper 2 (Th2) lymphocytes. (hindawi.com)
An important aspect about type 2 cell-mediated responses against parasitic helminths is that they are induced for controlling parasite infection but they also mediate the tolerance of parasite persistence [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Diseases caused by helminths are sometimes termed infestations, but are sometimes called infections. (wikipedia.org)
More than half of the world's population is at risk of infections through parasitic worms (helminths). (swisstph.ch)

[4] The branch of medicine that focuses on infections is referred to as infectious diseases . (wikipedia.org)
According to a World Bank report, morbidity due to helminth infections accounts for an estimated 20% of the disability-adjusted life years lost due to infectious diseases in children less than 14 years old [ 15 ]. (ispub.com)

Serologic testing for antischistosomal antibody is indicated for diagnosis of travelers or immigrants from endemic areas who have not been treated appropriately for schistosomiasis in the past. (cdc.gov)
Preventing or reducing the risk of FGS and genital lesions will lead to improved reproductive health among in women living in schistosomiasis endemic areas. (drugpatentwatch.com)

Huyse, T. The Trans-Atlantic slave trade and the introduction of human diseases: the case of schistosomiasis. (africamuseum.be)

The choice of sample to diagnose schistosomiasis depends on the species of parasite likely causing the infection. (cdc.gov)
For new infections, the serum sample tested should be collected at least 6 to 8 weeks after likely infection, to allow for full development of the parasite and antibody to the adult stage. (cdc.gov)
Overview of Parasitic Infections A parasite is an organism that lives on or inside another organism (the host) and benefits (for example, by getting nutrients) from the host at the host's expense. (msdmanuals.com)
Schistosomiasis is acquired by swimming, wading, or bathing in fresh water that is contaminated with the free-swimming stage of the parasite. (msdmanuals.com)
SCI may use additional funding to, in part, treat adults in areas with moderate or high risk of schistosomiasis infection, as part of a strategy to stop transmission of the parasite. (givewell.org)
Schistosomiasis: The role of parasite genetics in human infection and disease. (africamuseum.be)

Examination of stool and/or urine for ova is the primary method of diagnosis for suspected schistosome infections. (cdc.gov)
Currently, no effective vaccine exists for preventing schistosome infections. (nih.gov)
However, responses to schistosome infections, and candidate vaccines, are likely to be different among people from endemic settings compared to schistosome-naive Dutch volunteers. (kemri-wellcome.org)

Over the past decades, however, the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis has increased dramatically in the southern part of the lake. (springer.com)

Treatment with diethylcarbamazine and praziquantel was given for loiasis and schistosomiasis respectively. (ox.ac.uk)
While the disease is effectively treated with the drug praziquantel, reinfection occurs so rapidly that public health officials desperately need a vaccine to control this infection. (lifespan.org)
For the past six years, Friedman has been leading a randomized controlled trial of praziquantel for schistosomiasis in pregnant women. (lifespan.org)

however, many people are asymptomatic and have subclinical disease during both acute and chronic stages of infection. (cdc.gov)
Persons with acute infection (also known as Katayama syndrome) may present with rash, fever, headache, myalgia, and respiratory symptoms. (cdc.gov)

S. haematobium egg deposition has also been associated with damage to the female genital tract, causing female genital schistosomiasis that can affect the cervix, Fallopian tubes, and vagina and lead to increased susceptibility to other infections. (cdc.gov)
Wright ED, Chimphangwi J, Hutt MSR (1982) Schistosomiasis of the female genital tract: a histopathological study of 176 cases from Malawi. (springer.com)

Methods: Residents from eight sites with different prevalence estimates provided one urine sample for POC-ECO and one stool sample for Kato-Katz (KK) and Helmintex® (HTX) testing as an egg-detecting reference for infection status. (fiocruz.br)

Also known as elephantiasis, this NTD is caused by infection by filarial parasites transmitted through the bite of infected female mosquitoes. (kit.nl)

Schistosomiasis is infection caused by certain flatworms (flukes), called schistosomes. (msdmanuals.com)
People acquire schistosomiasis by swimming or bathing in fresh water that is contaminated with the flukes. (msdmanuals.com)
Overview of Fluke Infections Flukes are parasitic flatworms. (msdmanuals.com)
Certain Paragonimus species of flukes cause infections of the lungs. (msdmanuals.com)
People get lung fluke infections when they swallow cysts containing immature flukes (larvae) in raw, undercooked, or pickled freshwater crabs or crayfish. (msdmanuals.com)

Warren M. Hirsch, a developer of a mathematical model predicting schistosomiasis a tropical disease that became a foundational concept in mathematical epidemiology, died Mon., July 9 in Sarasota, Fla. Hirsch, professor emeritus of mathematics at New York University s Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, was 88. (nyu.edu)
Always intrigued by the challenge of mathematically modeling important real world phenomena, he was inspired to venture into epidemiology following a casual dinner-party conversation in the late 1960s with a public health physician from Surinam who described to him the devastating consequences of schistosomiasis, a tropical disease produced by a parasitic worm. (nyu.edu)
Acknowledging this contribution in 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) has nominated Swiss TPH as a WHO Collaborating Centre for Epidemiology and Control of Helminth Infections. (swisstph.ch)

Most infections are asymptomatic. (merckmanuals.com)
Similarly, infection with S. haematobium does not always result in clinical disease, and many infections are asymptomatic, S. haematobium infection however could cause haematuria, dysuria, nutritional deficiencies, lesion of the bladder, kidney failure, and an elevated risk of bladder cancer [ 18 ]. (ispub.com)

Diagnosing multiple parasitic infections: trypanosomiasis, loiasis and schistosomiasis in a single case. (ox.ac.uk)
A case is reported of a 32-year-old traveller with loiasis, schistosomiasis and African trypanosomiasis. (ox.ac.uk)

Granulomatous cystitis due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is often secondary to primary kidney involvement. (medscape.com)
Adhesions in the uterine cavity can also form after infection with tuberculosis or schistosomiasis. (medlineplus.gov)

Chronic inflammation can lead to bowel wall ulceration, hyperplasia, and polyposis and, with heavy infections, to liver fibrosis and portal hypertension. (cdc.gov)
Chronic infections may increase the risk of bladder cancer. (cdc.gov)
Portal hypertension and ascites induced by hepatic fibrosis are usually the main causes of death in patients with chronic hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. (nih.gov)

The main pathological changes of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis are hepatic granuloma and fibrosis due to worm eggs. (nih.gov)
In the early 1970s, with his Ph.D. student, Ingemar Nasell, Hirsch developed a mathematical model based on a prior paper by George Macdonald, who had proposed a quantitative approach to schistosomiasis and had focused on the worm s sexuality. (nyu.edu)
After a peak in the late 1980s, guinea- worm infections have been declining as water sources are better monitored. (newint.org)
Swiss TPH is heavily involved in research and integrated control of parasitic worm infections. (swisstph.ch)

Support for current research efforts to develop hookworm vaccines has come from the Schistosomiasis Vaccine Initiative, a program of the Sabin Vaccine Institute in collaboration with George Washington University, the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, the Chinese Institute of Parasitic Diseases, the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. (wikipedia.org)
The CIHR team has developed a vaccine for schistosomiasis that works in mice and is showing promise in water buffalo, which are a major transmitter of the disease. (lifespan.org)
Controlled human infection (CHI) models are gaining recognition as an approach to accelerating vaccine development, for use in both non-endemic and endemic populations: they can facilitate identification of the most promising candidate vaccines for further trials and advance understanding of protective immunity. (kemri-wellcome.org)
Most importantly, representatives of schistosomiasis-affected communities emphasised the urgent need for an effective vaccine and urged the research community not to delay in the development process. (kemri-wellcome.org)
Results: As of 2022, MUWRP had successfully conducted and completed five phase I/II HIV vaccine clinical trials, five for Ebola and Marburg, while one phase I/II Schistosomiasis and one phase III COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial are ongoing. (bvsalud.org)

Also known as kala-azar, this infection is caused by protozoan parasites, transmitted through the bite of infected sandflies. (kit.nl)
Lezing op workshop Ecology and Evolution of Parasites and Infections, Universiteit Antwerpen 17-19/09/2013. (africamuseum.be)

We were thrilled to learn that the School of Infection & Immunity's Professor Margaret Harnett is the recipient of the prestigious 2023 Tenovus Medal. (gla.ac.uk)
Everyone at the School of Infection & Immunity sends our warmest congratulations to the Sii Class of 2023 on their recent graduation. (gla.ac.uk)

We can take advantage of a variety of helminth models available, each of which have their own feature including life cycle, site of infection, or pathological mechanisms influencing macrophage biology. (hindawi.com)

Type 2 cell-mediated immunity is a general feature of helminth infection regardless of the multivariate sites of colonization of the numerous helminth species [ 11 ] and is conserved from jawed fish to mammals [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Studies on mouse models of helminth infections have provided essential findings towards understanding type 2 immunity induction as well as its effector functions [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)

However, these symptoms are nonspecific and may also be associated with infection of the lower genitourinary tract (urethra, vagina) or with noninfectious conditions such as bladder carcinoma, urethral diverticulum, and calculi. (medscape.com)
Most people with fluke lung infections do not develop symptoms. (msdmanuals.com)
The signs and symptoms of an infection depend on the type of disease. (wikipedia.org)
As bacterial and viral infections can both cause the same kinds of symptoms, it can be difficult to distinguish which is the cause of a specific infection. (wikipedia.org)
I appreciate the request of Dr. Saaijman concerning symptoms of schistosomiasis (forwarded by David Johnston). (bio.net)
My personal experiences with schistosomiasis indicates that infections may easily be overlooked, when paying attention only to the typical symptoms. (bio.net)
I could have treated my first schistosomiasis long before I did it in fact, if I had considered these symptoms. (bio.net)

Infection can result in abdominal pain, diarrhea, blood in the stool / urine and severe complications if left untreated. (kit.nl)
When left untreated infection can cause irreversible corneal opacities and blindness. (kit.nl)

See our most recent report on the SCI Foundation, formerly known as the Schistosomiasis Control Initiative . (givewell.org)
The SCI Foundation (SCI), formerly known as the Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, is one of our top-rated charities and we believe that it offers donors an outstanding opportunity to accomplish good with their donations. (givewell.org)

Testing of stool or urine can be of limited sensitivity, particularly for travelers who may have lighter burden infections. (cdc.gov)
Doctors confirm the diagnosis of schistosomiasis by identifying eggs in a sample of stool or urine. (msdmanuals.com)

Arthropods such as ticks , mites , fleas , and lice , can also cause human disease, which conceptually are similar to infections, but invasion of a human or animal body by these macroparasites is usually termed infestation . (wikipedia.org)

An antigen test has been developed that can detect active infection based on the presence of schistosomal antigen, but this test is not commercially available in the United States and at this time is undergoing field evaluations for accurate diagnosis of low-intensity infections. (cdc.gov)
Project Goal: Contribute to a reduction of the global burden of female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) through improved knowledge about the prevention of gynecological lesions and through improved diagnosis of FGS. (drugpatentwatch.com)

Careful review of travel and residence history is critical for determining whether infection is likely and which species may be causing infection. (cdc.gov)
Many people suffer from multiple species of helminth infections. (swisstph.ch)

and the poor people of under developed nations experience a cycle where under nutrition and repeated infections lead to excess morbidity that can continue from generation to generation [ 13 ]. (ispub.com)

Additionally, miRNAs may serve as candidate biomarkers for diagnosing liver pathology of schistosomiasis and as novel therapeutic targets for treating schistosomiasis-associated hepatic fibrosis. (nih.gov)

Chemotherapy-based control of schistosomiasis haematobia. (ajtmh.org)
Application of geographic information systems and remote sensing to schistosomiasis control in China. (ajtmh.org)
See also the World Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) information on schistosomiasis. (merckmanuals.com)
Community awareness and participation in mass screening is critical for schistosomiasis control. (mdpi.com)
Visiting a national schistosomiasis control program meeting and demonstration mass drug administration in Malawi in October 2011 ( notes and photos from this visit ). (givewell.org)
This information can be of use in current schistosomiasis control programs in the near term resulting in improved strategies for treatment. (drugpatentwatch.com)

CDC Information: Schistosomiasis is a disease caused by parasitic worms. (cdc.gov)

The eggs are shed intermittently and in low amounts in light-intensity infections. (cdc.gov)
Doctors diagnose the infection when they see eggs in a person's sputum or eggs from swallowed sputum in stool. (msdmanuals.com)
Doctors diagnose lung fluke infections when they see eggs in a person's sputum or stool. (msdmanuals.com)

Serology for all 3 diseases was positive but microfilariae of Loa loa and ova of schistosomiasis were not found. (ox.ac.uk)
Harms G, Feldmeier H (2002) HIV infection and tropical parasitic diseases: deleterious interactions in both directions? (springer.com)
MicroRNA (miRNA), a non-coding RNA, has been proved to be associated with the development of many human diseases, including schistosomiasis. (nih.gov)
Eosinophilic cystitis, a rare condition, can be associated with allergic and autoimmune diseases such as lupus, parasitic infection, and systemic peripheral eosinophilia, such as in idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome . (medscape.com)

Use of thermal and vegetation index data from earth observing satellites to evaluate the risk of schistosomiasis in Bahia, Brazil. (ajtmh.org)

Causal inference and prediction in health studies: environmental exposures and schistosomiasis, HIV-1 genotypic susceptibility scores and virologic suppression, and risk of hospital readmission for heart failure patients. (sutterhealth.org)

Here, we reviewed the recent advances from the laboratory mouse about macrophage origin, polarization, activation, and effector functions during parasitic helminth infection. (hindawi.com)

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