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Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, ExperimentalEncephalomyelitisEncephalomyelitis, Acute DisseminatedMyelin-Oligodendrocyte GlycoproteinEncephalomyelitis, EquineMyelin Basic ProteinMyelin-Associated GlycoproteinMyelin ProteinsMyelin Proteolipid ProteinTheilovirusMultiple SclerosisSpinal CordDemyelinating DiseasesCentral Nervous SystemEncephalomyelitis Virus, AvianRats, Inbred LewMaus Elberfeld virusCardiovirus InfectionsMice, Inbred C57BLEncephalitis VirusesEncephalomyelitis, Eastern EquinePeptide FragmentsT-LymphocytesMice, Inbred StrainsEncephalitis Virus, Venezuelan EquineEncephalitis Virus, Eastern EquineMyelin SheathAdoptive TransferInterleukin-17Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNSEncephalitis Virus, Western EquineMice, KnockoutLymphocyte ActivationTh1 CellsEncephalomyelitis, Enzootic PorcineTh17 CellsEnterovirus InfectionsBrainFatigue Syndrome, ChronicCytokinesDisease Models, AnimalAutoimmunityCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesEncephalomyelitis, Western EquineInterferon-gammaMice, TransgenicOligodendrogliaFreund's AdjuvantGlycoproteinsAutoimmune DiseasesAutoantigensT-Lymphocyte SubsetsEnterovirusEncephalomyelitis, Venezuelan EquineEncephalitis, ViralParalysisCoronavirus InfectionsT-Lymphocytes, RegulatoryMicrogliaMolecular Sequence DataSpleenAmino Acid SequenceCells, CulturedImmune ToleranceImmunizationBlood-Brain BarrierEpitopes, T-LymphocyteInterleukin-10InflammationLymph NodesPoliomyelitisArbovirusesAstrocytesMuscle RigidityFlow CytometryPleurodynia, EpidemicAntigen-Presenting CellsDisease SusceptibilityT-Lymphocytes, Helper-InducerTh2 CellsReceptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-betaReceptors, Antigen, T-CellHorse DiseasesInjections, SubcutaneousPeptidesCardiovirusParaneoplastic Syndromes, Nervous SystemCell MovementInjections, IntraperitonealCallithrixMacrophagesCell DifferentiationNervous System Autoimmune Disease, ExperimentalHistocompatibility Antigens Class IIMurine hepatitis virusImmunologic FactorsForkhead Transcription FactorsCell ProliferationGuinea PigsInterleukin-4
EncephalitisVirusesRabiesHorsesInfluenzaVaccineDemyelinating diseasesWest NileMosquitoesArboviralPostinfectious encephalomyelitisAcuteRespiratory InfectionsZikaSpinal cordVirusArbovirusPorcineDiagnosisInfectious diseaseHerpesvirusContagious bovine pleuropnMosquito bitesClinicalEquidaeInflammationHumansFeverOrganismsSymptomsMicroscopicBrainVaccinationSubclinicalSevereSeverityOccurSusceptible to infection
Encephalitis18
  • collectively termed Equine encephalitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The clinical manifestations of SLEV infection range from mild flulike syndromes to fatal encephalitis. (medscape.com)
  • The infections occur as periodic focal outbreaks of encephalitis in the midwestern, western, and southwestern United States, followed by years of sporadic cases. (medscape.com)
  • SLEV infections have caused large urban epidemics of encephalitis. (medscape.com)
  • caused by infection with the West Nile virus, is currently the best-known encephalitis of this type. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • Other viruses that cause encephalomyelitis are Eastern equine encephalitis (found primarily in eastern Canada, US states east of the Mississippi river, and the Caribbean islands), Western equine encephalitis (found in western Canada, US states west of the Mississippi river, Mexico, and South America), and Venezuelan equine encephalitis (found in Mexico, and Central and South America). (msdvetmanual.com)
  • Infections with Eastern and Venezuelan equine encephalitis are generally severe and can progress to death over a short period of time. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • Ochlerotatus detritus for Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) and Ross River virus (RRV), and Culiseta annulata and Culex pipiens for Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus circulates in enzootic cycles between rodent hosts and mosquito vectors in Mexico, Central and South America [ 16 ] and has a complex transmission cycle involving regular mutation of the virus, facilitating transmission to humans and horses through broadening of the vector and host ranges. (biomedcentral.com)
  • they are usually characterized by diffuse encephalomyelitis Meningitis, Encephalitis, and Encephalomyelitis or meningoencephalomyelitis, signs of CNS dysfunction, and moderate to high mortality rates. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • Other alphaviruses associated with equine encephalitis are Semliki Forest virus in Africa and Ross River virus in Australia and the South Pacific. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uchicago.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine" by people in this website by year, and whether "Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (uchicago.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine" by people in Profiles. (uchicago.edu)
  • You wouldn't think so when you consider their size but mosquitoes carry and transmit a whole host of diseases including West Nile virus, Eastern Equine Encephalitis, Chikungunya virus, encephalomyelitis, and Zika virus. (kellerspestcontrol.com)
  • Common severe infections include encephalitis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Encephalitis can also occur as a late reactivation of latent or subclinical viral infection. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Encephalitis can occur as a secondary immunologic complication of certain viral infections or vaccinations. (msdmanuals.com)
Viruses9
  • They can cause other health risks by spreading such diseases as West Nile virus, encephalomyelitis viruses and equine infectious anemia. (apple-cider-vinegar-benefits.com)
  • Whilst the emergence in Europe of dengue and chikungunya has been associated with Aedes aegypti and the invasive mosquito Aedes albopictus [ 2 ], for most of the equine viruses Culex mosquitoes are significantly involved in transmission. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Both are mosquito-borne viruses that have emerged as fatal equine diseases, in Peru and Argentina respectively, within the last 25 years. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Equine arboviral encephalomyelitis is due to infection with arthropod-borne viruses typically belonging to the families Togaviridae (genus Alphavirus ) or Flaviviridae (genus Flavivirus ). (msdvetmanual.com)
  • They are transmitted through blood-feeding insects such as mosquitoes and ticks, and include viruses such as chikungunya virus (CHIKV), dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV), Zika virus (ZIKV), yellow fever virus (YFV), and eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV). (encyclopedia.pub)
  • West Nile-Innovator ® + EWT is a vaccine against West Nile virus, against equine encephalomyelitis due to Eastern and Western viruses and against tetanus. (powellfeedstores.com)
  • For intramuscular vaccination of healthy horses 10 months of age or older as an aid in the prevention of viremia caused by West Nile virus, and as an aid in the prevention of equine encephalomyelitis due to Eastern and Western viruses, and tetanus. (powellfeedstores.com)
  • Mosquitos are carriers of Eastern and Western Encephalomyelitis viruses and West Nile Virus and can transmit these diseases to horses and humans. (vin.com)
  • Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Infections Herpes simplex viruses (human herpesviruses types 1 and 2) commonly cause recurrent infection affecting the skin, mouth, lips, eyes, and genitals. (msdmanuals.com)
Rabies3
  • The American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP) recommends that all horses be vaccinated for tetanus, encephalomyelitis, rabies, and West Nile virus. (ufl.edu)
  • Vaccination is recommended for all horses for tetanus, encephalomyelitis, rabies, and West Nile virus. (ufl.edu)
  • Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV) is closely related to the classical rabies virus and has been associated with three human fatalities and two equine fatalities in Australia. (ox.ac.uk)
Horses13
  • Horses should be annually inoculated to prevent infection. (hiddentrails.com)
  • Horses with West Nile encephalomyelitis may have spinal cord incoordination, muscle contractions, and an abnormal sensitivity to touch. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • Given the importance that this disease has for Equidae associated with the role that horses play in the development of livestock on the island, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of EIA on Marajó Island, at the mouth of the Amazon river, since there are no reports in the literature of this infection for this region. (scielo.br)
  • Infection with Streptococcus equi equi, also commonly known as strangles, is a very contagious infection that can spread quickly among horses. (fullcircleequineservice.com)
  • Horses that routinely have contact with unfamiliar horses (such as at shows or other events) or that are boarded with horses that travel are more likely to develop this contagious infection. (fullcircleequineservice.com)
  • Sarcocystis neurona is a single celled parasite that causes a fatal disease (equine protozoal myeloencephalitis, EPM) in horses in the United States. (usda.gov)
  • Sarcocystis neurona, Neospora caninum, N. hughesi, and Toxoplasma gondii are 4 related coccidians considered to be associated with encephalomyelitis in horses. (usda.gov)
  • The presence of S. neurona antibodies in horses in central Wyoming suggests that either there is cross reactivity between S. neurona and some other infection, or a definitive host other than opossum may be the source of infection. (usda.gov)
  • Infections in horses show a mortality of up to 90 percent and in humans as high as 80 percent in epidemics. (uchicago.edu)
  • Vaccination for influenza and equine herpesviruses (EHV-1 and EHV-4) is recommended in most cases, especially in performance horses and horses exposed to transient or young equine populations. (ufl.edu)
  • The key to preventing West Nile and Western and Eastern Encephalomyelitis in horses is to make sure your horses are vaccinated against these diseases at least once a year. (vin.com)
  • The Infectious Disease Committee of the American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP) has issued revised guidelines for the administration of selected core and risk-based vaccines to horses. (horseillustrated.com)
  • The Equine Influenza guidelines include recommendations for horses that have recovered from natural infection. (horseillustrated.com)
Influenza4
  • Influenza, equine herpesvirus, and strangles have both intramuscular and intranasal vaccines available. (ufl.edu)
  • Influenza is a virus that causes high fever and respiratory infection. (whitehallveterinary.com)
  • CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES AND INJURIES I. INFECTIOUS AND PARASITIC DISEASES (001-139) Includes: diseases generally recognized as communicable or transmissible as well as a few diseases of unknown but possibly infectious origin Excludes: acute respiratory infections (460-466) influenza (487. (cdc.gov)
  • antithymocyte globulin equine decreases effects of influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, adjuvanted by pharmacodynamic antagonism. (medscape.com)
Vaccine3
  • Dr. Joseph Beard developed a vaccine against equine encephalomyelitis. (duke.edu)
  • Individuals with hybrid immunity resulting from prior SARS-CoV-2 infection followed by vaccination (n = 22) had elevated levels of anti-N, anti-S-RBD and RBD-ACE2 blocking antibodies after the second vaccine dose compared to infection-naïve individuals (n = 48). (bvsalud.org)
  • The vaccine protected 95% of the vaccinates against infection, while 82% of the controls were viremic. (powellfeedstores.com)
Demyelinating diseases1
West Nile2
Mosquitoes2
  • Aedes triseriatus (Say) mosquitoes were infected with eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus from a blood meal on viremic chicks. (utmb.edu)
  • Most cases in the United States occur from travelers returning from affected areas, but small numbers of locally acquired infection from mosquitoes in the United States began in 2016 in Florida and Texas. (pediatricweb.com)
Arboviral6
  • 2004. 'Arboviral infection in two species of wild jays (Aves: Corvidae): evidence for population impacts. (ufl.edu)
  • This work adds to evidence that native mosquito species should be investigated further for their potential to vector zoonotic mosquito-borne arboviral disease of equines in northern Europe. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Neutrophils during Arboviral Infections" Encyclopedia , https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/11625 (accessed December 10, 2023). (encyclopedia.pub)
  • In this review, we highlight the major findings from recent years regarding the role of neutrophils during arboviral infections. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Better understanding of neutrophil pathways involved in effective protection against arboviral infections can help identify potential targets for therapeutics. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • In this review, we highlight the recent advancements in understanding the beneficial and detrimental nature of neutrophils during arboviral infections. (encyclopedia.pub)
Postinfectious encephalomyelitis1
Acute3
Respiratory Infections2
Zika1
  • Zika infection can be transmitted from mosquito bites, sexual contact, and an infected pregnant mother to her fetus. (pediatricweb.com)
Spinal cord1
Virus14
  • AIDS-related encephalomyelitis, caused by opportunistic Human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mortality in animals associated with an infection of HJ virus include domestic turkeys at a commercial facility and young broiler chickens in an experimental setting. (ufl.edu)
  • In 1964, the cause of death of one horse in Florida was attributed to western equine encephalomyelitis virus (WEE). (ufl.edu)
  • This means that they were exposed to the virus, likely through the bite of an infected female mosquito, but there was no illness associated with the infection. (ufl.edu)
  • Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is a transmissible and incurable disease caused by a lentivirus, the equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV). (scielo.br)
  • Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV): what has HIV's country cousin got to tell us? (scielo.br)
  • The technique of preparing virus suspensions, mixing and holding serum-virus inocula, was identical to that employed by Howitt in neutralization tests of poliomyelitis and equine encephalomyelitis vira . (wiktionary.org)
  • produced JEV RNA in saliva after 21 days at 18 °C. For some mosquito-virus pairs, infection and salivary RNA titres reduced over time, suggesting unstable infection dynamics. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The level of medical intervention and post-exposure prophylaxis is largely determined on laboratory testing for antigen/virus as the demonstrable infection status of the in-contact bat. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In susceptible Oryctolagus rabbits, the virus causes a highly lethal disease known as myxomatosis, which begins as a localized infection but. (awionline.org)
  • the virus has been detected in blood, urine, saliva, and semen for weeks after initial infection. (pediatricweb.com)
  • Enhancement of dengue virus infection in monocytes by flavivirus antisera. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Hemolytic properties of eastern and western equine encephalomyelitis virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Encephalomyelitis is caused by a virus, which is transmitted by mosquitos. (whitehallveterinary.com)
Arbovirus2
  • Algunas especies se han encontrado infectadas con arbovirus como el Bussuquara, el de la encefalitis de San Luis, el Ilhéus, el Pixuna y el Wyeomyia, en tanto que otras se consideran indicadores biológicos por su asociación con ecosistemas particulares en microambientes naturales de parques urbanos o áreas conservadas con presencia de plantas epífitas como las bromelias. (raccefyn.co)
  • Arbovirus en Latinoamérica. (raccefyn.co)
Porcine1
  • Pathogenesis, gross and microscopic pathology of mycoplasma infection (contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, porcine enzootic pneumonia), diseases of chlamydial group, Q-fever, anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis. (arawaliveterinarycollege.com)
Diagnosis2
  • however, serologic testing and necropsy are required for definitive diagnosis of viral infection and subsequent encephalomyelitis. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • The RDT demonstrated 100% agreement with the reference standard fluorescent antibody test on 43 clinical samples suggesting a potential application in rapid diagnosis of pteropodid variant of ABLV infection. (ox.ac.uk)
Infectious disease1
  • The impact of infectious disease has been felt across the equine industry in recent years, and the committee hopes that these guidelines will be a useful tool in preventing or mitigating the effects of equine infectious disease. (horseillustrated.com)
Herpesvirus1
  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection Cytomegalovirus (CMV, human herpesvirus type 5) can cause infections that have a wide range of severity. (msdmanuals.com)
Contagious bovine pleuropn1
  • Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (infection with Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. (unog.ch)
Mosquito bites2
  • While not life-threatening, mosquito bites, if scratched excessively, can result in secondary infections. (kellerspestcontrol.com)
  • They may also develop allergic reactions and skin infections from mosquito bites. (vin.com)
Clinical2
Equidae2
Inflammation2
Humans1
Fever4
  • if he is running a fever from an infection. (dvmservices.com)
  • In children, most of these infections produce no signs or symptoms or mild headache and fever. (pediatricweb.com)
  • The majority of infections occur in children and are subclinical or have features limited to transient fever and gastrointestinal symptoms. (curehunter.com)
  • It is highly contagious and causes the following signs: high fever, abscessed lymph nodes,and respiratory infection. (whitehallveterinary.com)
Organisms1
  • Duke surgeons led by Dr. J. Deryl Hart pioneer the use of ultraviolet lamps in operating rooms to eliminate infectious organisms that cause post-operative Staph infections. (duke.edu)
Symptoms2
  • The severity of symptoms of SLEV infection increases with age. (medscape.com)
  • The response to infection can range from very mild symptoms like lethargy and loss of appetite all the way to coma or death. (tampabaynewsonline.com)
Microscopic1
  • Previous microscopic and molecular studies have identified Wolbachia in several bed bug species (Cimicidae), but little is known about how widespread Wolbachia infections are among the Cimicidae. (lookformedical.com)
Brain1
  • All animals were euthanatized 47 days after infection and samples of brain, heart, tongue and retina were collected from each animal for analysis by nPCR and bioassay in mice. (usp.br)
Vaccination2
  • Post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses rapidly waned in infection-naïve individuals. (bvsalud.org)
  • Antibody responses wane after vaccination, making individuals susceptible to infection by SARS-CoV-2 variants. (bvsalud.org)
Subclinical1
Severe1
  • Overall, SARS-CoV-2 infection is linked to an elevated blood antibody response in severe patients compared to non-severe patients. (bvsalud.org)
Severity1
  • Although vaccinations cannot guarantee disease prevention in all circumstances, they help to minimize the risk of infection and lessen the severity of certain diseases. (ufl.edu)
Occur1
  • Insect bites not only cause your horse itchy discomfort, they can be areas where skin bacterial and fungal infections can occur. (apple-cider-vinegar-benefits.com)
Susceptible to infection1
  • All of common laboratory animals including guinea pigs, rabbits, hamsters, and monkeys are susceptible to infection, have a viremia and die if inoculated ic. (cdc.gov)