• We have had the opportunity to follow the development of locomotion in captive individuals of a committed quadrupedal primate, the olive baboon (Papio anubis). (anthropogeny.org)
  • Dr. Palombit is currently conducting a long-term comparative study of chacma baboons ( Papio hamadryas ursinus ) in Botswana and olive baboons ( Papio hamadryas anubis ) in central Kenya. (rutgers.edu)
  • Male olive baboon ( Papio hamadryas anubis ) "followers" incur time, but not energetic costs. (rutgers.edu)
  • P. anubis (olive baboon) is found in central African savanna, and P. cynocephalus (yellow baboon) is found in Angola , Zambia , Malawi , Tanzania , Kenya , and Somalia. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • P.h. hamadyas (sacred baboons), P. h. cynocephalus (yellow baboons), P. h. ursinus (Chacma baboons), P. h. papio (red baboons or Guinea baboons), and P. H. anubis (olive baboons). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • chacma baboons in Okavango Delta, Botswana and olive baboons in Laikipia, Kenya. (rutgers.edu)
  • Currently, he directs "Project Papio, a study "friendships" in chacma baboons in Okavango Delta, Botswana and in olive baboons at his field site in Laikipia, Kenya. (rutgers.edu)
  • His data suggest that this social relationship functions as a deterrent to sexually selected infanticide in chacma baboons, which accounts for at least 37% of infant mortality. (rutgers.edu)
  • This difference is just one of numerous social features distinguishing chacma baboons from their East African cousins (e.g., lack of male-male coalitions, apparently greater sexual monopolization of estrus females by high-ranking males, enhanced territoriality). (rutgers.edu)
  • Female chacma baboons form strong, equitable, and enduring social bonds. (upenn.edu)
  • Male and female chacma baboons form friendships based on likelihood of paternity. (upenn.edu)
  • The hamadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas /ˌhæməˈdraɪ.əs/) is a species of baboon within the Old World monkey family. (wikipedia.org)
  • The hamadryas baboon lives in arid areas, savannas, and rocky areas, requiring cliffs for sleeping and finding water. (wikipedia.org)
  • Like all baboons, the hamadryas baboon is omnivorous and is adapted to its relatively dry habitat. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Hamadryas baboon has an unusual four-level social system called a multilevel society. (wikipedia.org)
  • The hamadryas baboon is unusual among baboon and macaque species in that its society is strictly patriarchal. (wikipedia.org)
  • Males of the Hamadryas baboon species also have a large white mane. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • P. hamadryas (Hamadryas baboon) is found in northeast Africa and into southwestern Arabia. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The Hamadryas baboon was a sacred animal to the ancient Egyptians as the attendant of Thoth , and so, is also called the sacred baboon. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • However, while behaviorally and physically distinct from other baboon types, the Hamadryas baboon is known to hybridize with olive baboons, and recent phylogenetic studies of Papio show Hamadryas baboons to be more closely related to Guinea and olive baboons than to Chacmas (Newman et al. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • They provide an up to date synthesis of the current state of understanding of primate behavioral ecology, organized around four major adaptive problems primates face as they grow up in a difficult and dangerous world, find mates and rear offspring, negotiate complex social worlds, and employ cognitive strategies for coping with life's challenges. (rutgers.edu)
  • Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology 67 , 1825-1835. (upenn.edu)
  • Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 64 , 1733-1747. (upenn.edu)
  • Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology 63 , 1471-1482. (upenn.edu)
  • There have, however, been few systematic comparisons of the environments occupied by the 6 major Papio species, and how differences in range conditions and variability might affect their evolutionary ecology remains unknown. (karger.com)
  • Here we aimed to determine if Japanese macaque males use changes in female sexual signals (behavioral, visual and auditory) to discriminate pregnancy and adjust their socio-sexual behaviors. (plos.org)
  • Scientific studies have shown that captive primates who are housed socially exhibit higher levels of species-appropriate behavior, lower levels of stress (both behavioral and physiological indices of stress) and, overall, demonstrate well-being that is superior to that of their singly-housed counterparts. (asp.org)
  • The position that social housing should be the default housing for nonhuman primates is based upon the scientific literature, which establishes that socially-housed primates demonstrate wellbeing that is superior to that of their singly-housed counterparts, and that introduction of singly housed primates into a compatible social setting improves their welfare by a variety of behavioral and physiological measures. (asp.org)
  • The most commonly utilized measures include behavioral and physiological parameters. (wustl.edu)
  • There are a number of genetic and physiological similarities between baboons and humans , including organ sizes, presence of menopause, and structures of major tissues . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Indeed, because infant primates commonly exhibit a more diverse posturo-locomotor repertoire than adults, the developmental processes of locomotion represent an important source of variation upon which natural selection may act. (anthropogeny.org)
  • In the informal division of primates into the three groups of prosimians, monkeys of the New World, and monkeys and apes of the Old World, the baboons are considered Old World monkeys . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Arnold, 2009], and the Papio baboons as a whole are amongst the most successful African primates [Barrett and Henzi, 2008]. (karger.com)
  • In neurophysiological studies with awake non-human primates (NHP), it is typically necessary to train the animals over a prolonged period of time on a behavioral paradigm before the actual data collection takes place. (springer.com)
  • All baboons have long dog-like muzzles (cynocephalus = dog-head), close-set eyes, heavy powerful jaws, thick fur except on their muzzle, a short tail, and rough spots on their rear-ends, called ischial callosities. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Many authors distinguish P. hamadryas as a full species, but regard all the others as subspecies of P. cynocephalus and refer to them collectively as "savanna baboons. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Social relationships among adult female baboons ( Papio cynocephalus ) II. (google.is)
  • It is the northernmost of all the baboons, being native to the Horn of Africa and the southwestern region of the Arabian Peninsula. (wikipedia.org)
  • These regions provide habitats with the advantage for this species of fewer natural predators than central or southern Africa where other baboons reside. (wikipedia.org)
  • Baboons are terrestrial (ground dwelling) and are found in savanna, open woodland, and hills across Africa . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • However, previously the closely related gelada (genus Theropithecus ) and two species of mandrill and drill (genus Mandrillus ) were grouped in the same genus, and these monkeys are still often referred to as baboons in everyday speech. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The savannah baboons (genus Papio ) form a cluster of 6 closely related allotaxa, classified either as separate species (e.g. (karger.com)
  • Kunz and Linsenmair, 2008], although there is also evidence for some overarching patterning in baboon-environment relationships at the genus scale. (karger.com)
  • He uses the comparative approach and field experiments to understand the behavioral and ecological bases of variation in male-female social relationships. (rutgers.edu)
  • I am studying variation within and between both populations of baboons, collecting genetic, experimental, and observational data that will clarify the causal and functional bases of sexually selected infanticide and heterosexual bonds in a multi-male social setting. (rutgers.edu)
  • Variation in personality and fitness in wild female baboons. (upenn.edu)
  • Apart from the striking sexual dimorphism (males are nearly twice as large as females, which is common to most baboons) this species also shows differences in coloration among adults. (wikipedia.org)
  • As in many species, infant baboons are taken by the males as hostages during fights. (wikipedia.org)
  • Responses of four ungulate species to experimental playback of baboon loud calls. (upenn.edu)
  • In all baboon species, there is pronounced sexual dimorphism, usually in size, but also sometimes in color or canine development. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Some consider baboons to be a single species, which is designated Papio hamadryas (Comuzzie et al. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • In fact, the differences between the environments occupied by adjacent troops in well-known national parks may be as large or larger than the average differences in the ranges of different species, and this may have important implications for baboon biogeography. (karger.com)
  • Existing synthetic studies of individual baboon species' ranges and ecological niches, however, point to a complex relationship with the environment. (karger.com)
  • 2013] for the chacma baboon, for instance, suggested this species actually prefers cool, low-altitude habitats with moderate rainfall and may only use the marginal Drakensberg environments as a result of interactions with humans, and the study by Zinner et al. (karger.com)
  • Nonetheless, the gulf between humans and baboons is immense, as people exhibit complex languages , complex technologies , and complex social behaviors ( religions , politics, etc.), among numerous other differences. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Differences in mother-infant bond and social behavior of African elephant calves living in situ and ex situ. (dpz.eu)
  • Dunbar [1988], for example, suggested that the use of arid areas with low food densities might be responsible for the hamadryas baboon's unique social system, while the chacma baboon is also called the 'mountain' baboon for its use of the Drakensberg mountains [Henzi and Barrett, 2003]. (karger.com)
  • 2001] of hamadryas habitats in Eritrea found that this taxon does indeed use more arid environments than neighbouring olive baboons, but also occupies moist coastal lowlands and makes use of a wide range of vegetation types. (karger.com)
  • In East African olive baboons, however, male infanticide occurs rarely, and yet heterosexual friendships develop just as reliably. (rutgers.edu)
  • Hamadryas baboons reach sexual maturity at about 4 years for females and between 5 and 7 years for males. (wikipedia.org)
  • We hypothesize that females advertize their pregnancy through changes in behavioral, visual and potential auditory signals that males can use to adjust their mating behaviors. (plos.org)
  • Because of such traits, baboons have been used to study obesity, heart disease , epilepsy, and other human diseases . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Influence of behavioral traits in the inter-individual variability of nociceptive, emotional and cognitive manifestations of neuropathic pain. (upf.edu)
  • Like humans, baboons respond to stress through the release of stress hormones , and these two groups have about 91 percent genetic similarity. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • An example of this is the reconstruction of Theropithecus oswaldi as a digitigrade baboon without specific study of the hand or wrist bones. (iresearchnet.com)
  • The Papio baboons are known for their ecological flexibility and wide geographic ranges, as well as their uncertain taxonomy. (karger.com)
  • The baboons' ecological flexibility and biogeographic spread makes them interesting in their own right, as well as a potential source of analogies for understanding early hominins [Jolly, 2001]. (karger.com)
  • The benefits of social capital: Close social bonds among female baboons enhance offspring survival. (upenn.edu)
  • Male baboon responses to experimental manipulations of loud 'wahoo calls': testing an honest signal of fighting ability. (upenn.edu)
  • The varying influence of older siblings in rank acquisition by female baboons. (upenn.edu)
  • The comparative genomics and complex population history of Papio baboons. (upf.edu)
  • The XBI allows computer-controlled training of the monkeys with a large variety of behavioral tasks and reward protocols typically used in systems and cognitive neuroscience research. (springer.com)
  • In the setup the animals are trained to solve behavioral and cognitive tasks, usually by operating levers, sensors, or touch-screens, while their behavior, for example eye and hand movements, is monitored and, once the training has been completed, their brain activity can be recorded. (springer.com)
  • These calluses are nerveless, hairless pads of skin which provide for the sitting comfort of the baboon (and other Old World monkeys ). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences 45: 101135. (dpz.eu)
  • The Chacma baboon can be 120 cm (47 inches) and weigh 40 kg (90 lb), while the biggest Guinea baboon is 50 cm (20 inches) and weighs only 14 kg (30 lb). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • P. papio (western or Guinea baboon) is found in Senegal , The Gambia , and Guinea . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Evidence for intrasexual selection in wild female baboons. (upenn.edu)
  • Social bonds in female baboons: The interaction between personality, kinship, and rank. (upenn.edu)
  • Strong and consistent social bonds enhance the longevity of female baboons. (upenn.edu)
  • Contingent cooperation in wild female baboons. (upenn.edu)
  • In total, we were able to analyze the temporal parameters of 65 bipedal steps, as well as their behavioral components. (anthropogeny.org)
  • We observed six infants at two different stages of their development. (anthropogeny.org)
  • Our results show that while the basic temporal aspects of the bipedal walking gait (i.e., duty factor, dimensionless frequency, and hind lag) do not change during development, the baboon is able to significantly improve the coordination pattern between hind limbs. (anthropogeny.org)
  • Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies , 28(4), 708-737. (ens.fr)
  • Paternity alone does not predict long-term investment in juveniles by male baboons. (upenn.edu)
  • Infants are very dark brown or black in coloration and lighten after about one year. (wikipedia.org)
  • Infants' comprehension of negative sentences while learning word meanings. (univ-amu.fr)
  • Even for experiments that require physical constraints for scientific reasons, there can be early phases of behavioral training where movement restraints are not yet necessary. (springer.com)