Infant methods gestational age association between maternal maternal age. Medical search. Frequent questions

Objectives Preterm birth (PTB) and small for gestational age (SGA) are major causes of perinatal mortality and morbidity. (springer.com)
A number of risk factors have been identified for small for gestational age and preterm birth. (springer.com)
This paper finds an association between maternal financial strain and risk of preterm birth that is as high as that for smoking. (springer.com)
Using infant-mortality rates specific to preterm births, or odds ratios for infant deaths by month-specific breast-feeding status, we estimated deaths attributable to the changed preterm birth rate and to the shortened duration of lactation that we assume would be caused by spraying DDT. (cdc.gov)
Primary outcome measures were: perinatal mortality, preterm birth and being small-for-gestational age (SGA). (nature.com)
We undertook a national quasi-experimental study, which involved analysing the association between the 2004 and 2008 joint introduction of tobacco control policies and perinatal mortality, preterm birth and SGA births using monthly data from a comprehensive dataset of singleton births in the Netherlands between 2000 and 2011. (nature.com)
We did not observe any associations between maternal cortisol levels and preterm birth and low birth weight. (researchsquare.com)
Common adverse birth outcomes, including preterm birth, low birth weight, and small-for-gestational age (SGA), are associated with neonatal mortality and long-term health problems, including neurodevelopmental impairments, respiratory and gastrointestinal complications, and higher sympathetic activity, which is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease [1-4]. (researchsquare.com)
To determine the association between available sun exposure and preterm birth. (frontiersin.org)
No association was seen between preterm birth and second trimester available sun exposure or combined first and second trimester exposure. (frontiersin.org)
Although there have been relatively few studies, a systematic review of sun exposure and pregnancy outcomes found associations with fetal growth restriction, blood pressure, and preterm birth rates ( 7 , 8 ), with higher first trimester sunlight correlating with higher fetal birth weights and less hypertensive complications in the third trimester ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
Logistic regression, adjusted for potential confounders was used to estimate the association between a disease notification prior to the birth and adverse birth outcomes: spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB), small for gestational age (SGA) and stillbirth. (bmj.com)
1 , 2 Some studies suggest that infections such as chlamydia and gonorrhoea diagnosed during pregnancy may predispose women to serious adverse obstetric outcomes such as spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB), low birth weight and stillbirth but other studies have not found such associations. (bmj.com)
Several retrospective studies have shown an association between a short interpregnancy interval (IPI) and adverse maternal and newborn outcomes: low birth weight (LBW), small for gestational age (SGA), preterm birth, premature preterm rupture of membranes (PPROM), and maternal death [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to describe the association between GWG outside (above or below) the IOM recommendations (2009) and risks of caesarean section, preterm birth, and large or small for gestational age (LGA or SGA) infants. (biomedcentral.com)

Previous studies indicated a range of risk factors associated with these poor outcomes, including maternal psychosocial and economic wellbeing. (springer.com)
While the observed associations between DDT and such outcomes might not be causal, the studies are not so flawed that the observations can be dismissed out of hand. (cdc.gov)
In this study we investigated whether these joint introductions of tobacco control policies in the Netherlands were associated with changes in key perinatal outcomes known to be associated with maternal smoking and/or SHS exposure. (nature.com)
An association between VOC-contaminated drinking water and adverse late pregnancy outcomes is plausible, but further investigation is needed. (cdc.gov)
The generalized estimation equation was used to analyze the relationship between maternal plasma methyl donors and related metabolites levels and neonatal outcomes of twins, and the generalized additive mixed model was used to analyze the relationship between maternal plasma methyl donors and related metabolites levels and fetal growth ultrasound indicators. (bvsalud.org)
METHODS: We quantified three urinary OPE metabolites five times in children (1, 2, 3, 5, 8 years) from 312 mother-child pairs in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. (cdc.gov)
It is possible that associations of GWG with outcomes do not result from GWG itself, but rather to underlying factors that influence both weight gain and the outcomes (e.g., maternal diet composition or physical activity level). (nationalacademies.org)
Background: Maternal sensitivity, or high quality maternal caregiving, in which the mother leads and structures the infant's early experiences in a responsive way, is associated with improved child development outcomes and health, both in the immediate and long term, and thus an important area of public health research. (columbia.edu)
Aim: This study investigates the association of several factors: (1) maternal depressive symptomology, (2) breastfeeding, (3) concurrent maternal alcohol intake and (4) infant biological vulnerability upon outcomes of (1) Maternal Sensitivity and (2) Infant Cognitive Development, as well as their effect on the association between senstivity and cognitive development. (columbia.edu)
Associations between air pollution metrics and birth outcomes were investigated using generalized additive models, adjusting for maternal age, parity, race/ethnicity, insurance status, poverty, gestational age and sex of the infants. (biomedcentral.com)
Maternal Interleukin Genotypes Are Associated With NICU Outcomes Among" by Kelley L. Baumgartel, Maureen W. Groer et al. (usf.edu)
Background: Maternal interleukin (IL) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with obstetrical outcomes. (usf.edu)
Conversely, infant SNPs are associated with subsequent neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) outcomes. (usf.edu)
Little is known about relationships between maternal SNPs and neonatal outcomes. (usf.edu)
Purpose: To examine the relationships between maternal IL genotypes and neonatal outcomes. (usf.edu)
Multivariate analyses examined the relationships between maternal IL SNPs and outcomes, controlling for gestational age and the ratio of maternal milk to total milk. (usf.edu)
Conclusion: Maternal IL SNPs are associated with NICU outcomes. (usf.edu)
Elevated levels of maternal cortisol have been hypothesized as the intermediate process between symptoms of depression and psychosocial stress during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes. (researchsquare.com)
Therefore, we examined associations between cortisol levels in the second trimester of pregnancy and risks of three common birth outcomes in a nested case-control study. (researchsquare.com)
Multivariable linear and logistic regression was performed to assess the associations between continuous and categorized cortisol levels and the selected outcomes. (researchsquare.com)
The results of this study showed no suggestions of associations between maternal awakening cortisol levels in mid-pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes, except for an increased risk of SGA. (researchsquare.com)
Previous research linked maternal psychosocial problems with increased risks of these birth outcomes, but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully understood yet [5]. (researchsquare.com)
Cocaine-exposed infants with birth weight below the 10th percentile for gestational age and gender and those placed with kinship caregivers are at increased risk for less optimal developmental outcomes. (erowid.org)
Objectives To examine the association between prior chlamydia and gonorrhoea infections and adverse obstetric outcomes. (bmj.com)
8 As most studies have limited their analyses to infections diagnosed during pregnancy rather than prior to conception, in this report we sought to investigate the associations between a prior diagnosis of chlamydia or gonorrhoea, the timing of the diagnosis in relation to the pregnancy, and the likelihood of serious obstetric outcomes (SPTB, small for gestational age (SGA) and stillbirth) in a large cohort of women having their first birth. (bmj.com)
Supplemental analyses of recent reproductive health, maternal health, and perinatal outcomes. (readkong.com)
Some studies have identified relationships between PFAS exposure and reproductive outcomes, although the evidence regarding the pathway and significance of associations is mixed. (biomedcentral.com)
Data were analysed from prospective studies of pregnant women enrolled in Mozambique, Burkina Faso and Kenya designed to determine the association between anti-malarial drug exposure in the first trimester and pregnancy outcomes, including low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA). (biomedcentral.com)
The risk of adverse birth outcomes has been shown to increase as the duration of short intervals decrease (i.e., 12-17 months, 6-11 months, and less than 6 months), and these patterns may reflect different maternal demographic profiles. (cdc.gov)

10th percentile for gestational age). (johnshopkins.edu)
The SGA is the weight below the 10th percentile of weight for the gestational age. (biomedcentral.com)
the 10th percentile for gestational age are classified as small for gestational age. (msdmanuals.com)

Furthermore, no significant association between NSAID use and miscarriage was evident during the first trimester of pregnancy (OR = 1, 95% CI = 0.83-1.2, p = 0.996), possibly attributable to the small sample size. (bvsalud.org)
However, we can confirm previous findings of perinatal determinants as high maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, and smoking during pregnancy being risk factors for childhood overweight. (nih.gov)
We estimated associations between maternal serum concentrations of PFAS during pregnancy and clinician-diagnosed asthma incidence in offspring through age eight. (cdc.gov)
Maternal metabolite concentrations during pregnancy were related to child concentrations at ages 1-3 years. (cdc.gov)
The emphasis of the report Nutrition During Pregnancy (IOM, 1990) was on the short-term consequences of gestational weight gain (GWG). (nationalacademies.org)
WRAP-Association-between-fetal-abdominal-growth-trajectories-maternal-metabolite-signatures-early-in-pregnancy-and-childhood-growth-and-adiposity-Zammit-2022.pdf - Published Version - Requires a PDF viewer. (warwick.ac.uk)
Early pregnancy maternal blood and umbilical cord venous blood samples were collected for untargeted metabolomic analysis. (warwick.ac.uk)
Early pregnancy lipid biology associated with fetal abdominal growth trajectories is an indicator of patterns of growth, adiposity, vision, and neurodevelopment up to the age of 2 years. (warwick.ac.uk)
The rates of gestational diabetes -- high blood sugar that starts, or is first diagnosed, during pregnancy -- were investigated by researchers in British Columbia. (scienceboard.net)
Although gestational diabetes is manageable during pregnancy, a diagnosis affects both patients and the health system, requiring lifestyle changes, additional healthcare appointments, and monitoring during and after pregnancy. (scienceboard.net)
Pregnancy rates did not change notably between the 27-29 age group and the 30-34 age group, but dropped significantly for the 35-39 age group. (wikipedia.org)
We evaluated the association between receipt of inactivated influenza vaccine during pregnancy and prematurity and small for gestational age (SGA) births. (johnshopkins.edu)
Methods and Findings: We conducted a cohort analysis of surveillance data from the Georgia (United States) Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. (johnshopkins.edu)
Conclusions: This study demonstrates an association between immunization with the inactivated influenza vaccine during pregnancy and reduced likelihood of prematurity during local, regional, and widespread influenza activity periods. (johnshopkins.edu)
Maternal weight and height, food frequency intake during pregnancy and haemoglobin levels were recorded for 594, 234 and 246 of the mothers respectively. (who.int)
2017), and this association was mediated by maternal anxiety assessed during pregnancy (Van den Heuvel et al. (researchgate.net)
In line with the hypotheses, better non-reacting skills in mothers during pregnancy were associated with more socialemotional capacities in children at 2 years of age. (researchgate.net)
2017). The association between non-reacting and child social-emotional behavior in the current study was, against expectation, not mediated by pregnancy distress or postnatal symptoms of anxiety or depression. (researchgate.net)
The current study examined associations of mindfulness facets during pregnancy with toddler's social-emotional development and behavior problems, as well as potentially mediating effects of maternal mental health. (researchgate.net)
Method A total of 167 women completed questionnaires during pregnancy, the postpartum period, and 2 and 3 years after childbirth, assessing dispositional mindfulness, pregnancy distress, symptoms of anxiety and depression, child social-emotional development, and child behavior problems. (researchgate.net)
Pregnancy distress mediated the association between maternal non-judging skills during pregnancy and child externalizing problem behavior, but no other mediating effects were found. (researchgate.net)
Throughout pregnancy, maternal cortisol levels increase twofold, and cortisol crosses the placenta, accounting for 30-40% of the variability in fetal concentrations [10]. (researchsquare.com)
Maternal smoking during pregnancy is an established risk factor for low infant birth weight, but evidence on critical exposure windows and timing of fetal growth restriction is limited. (plos.org)
Here we investigate the associations of maternal quitting, reducing, and continuing smoking during pregnancy with longitudinal fetal growth by triangulating evidence from 3 analytical approaches to strengthen causal inference. (plos.org)
We analysed data from 8,621 European liveborn singletons in 2 population-based pregnancy cohorts (the Generation R Study, the Netherlands 2002-2006 [ n = 4,682]) and the Born in Bradford study, United Kingdom 2007-2010 [ n = 3,939]) with fetal ultrasound and birth anthropometric measures, parental smoking during pregnancy, and maternal genetic data. (plos.org)
A consistent linear dose-dependent association of maternal smoking with fetal growth was observed from the early second trimester onwards, while no major growth deficit was found in women who quit smoking early in pregnancy except for a shorter FL during late gestation. (plos.org)
Maternal smoking during pregnancy is an established risk factor for low infant birth weight. (plos.org)
We analysed data from 8,621 white European liveborn singletons from 2 population-based pregnancy cohorts to assess the associations of maternal quitting, reducing, and continuing smoking during pregnancy with the longitudinal growth of different fetal parameters (weight, head circumference, femur length, and abdominal circumference). (plos.org)
The study aims to evaluate the association between teenage pregnancy and prematurity. (scielo.org)
Prematurity is still an issue in the field of maternal and child health, and the association with teenage pregnancy identified in this study is worrisome, especially because younger adolescent mothers were associated with higher odds of spontaneous prematurity. (scielo.org)
to a live-born infant--Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), United States, 26 reporting areas, 2004. (readkong.com)
Despite widespread support for pre-pregnancy interventions to improve maternal and perinatal health, this first randomised controlled trial of a multi-component intervention provided at home, did not have a beneficial outcome. (biomedcentral.com)
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance of variable degree with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. (medscape.com)
Gestational diabetes mellitus accounts for 90% of cases of diabetes mellitus in pregnancy, while preexisting type 2 diabetes accounts for 8% of such cases. (medscape.com)
The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends screening for gestational diabetes mellitus after 24 weeks of pregnancy. (medscape.com)
Women with prediabetes identified before pregnancy should be considered at extremely high risk for developing gestational diabetes mellitus during pregnancy. (medscape.com)
Logistic regression analysis was con- nal malnutrition and anaemia, maternal km of a unique air pollution monitor- ducted to examine the predictive effect of age, weight gain during pregnancy as ing station, were aged 18-35 years and air pollution on LBW. (who.int)
Approximately 6%-7% of perinatally exposed (i.e., exposed during pregnancy or delivery) infants and children will acquire HCV infection. (cdc.gov)
As a result of increasing rates of acute infections in reproductive-aged persons and subsequent chronic infections, overall rates of HCV infections during pregnancy have increased by 20% during 2016-2020 and up to tenfold during 2000-2019 ( 6 , 7 ). (cdc.gov)
In 2020, because of the changing epidemiology of HCV infections in the United States, CDC expanded previous risk-based testing recommendations to include universal screening for all adults aged ≥18 years at least once and for all pregnant persons during each pregnancy ( 12 ). (cdc.gov)
Studies have estimated that chronic HCV infection will develop in 5.8%-7.2% of all perinatally exposed (i.e., exposed during pregnancy or delivery) infants and children ( 13 , 14 ), and curative direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy can be administered beginning at age 3 years ( 15 , 16 ). (cdc.gov)
We previously reported that maternal birthweight, smoking, fat stores, and physical activity during pregnancy predict neonatal bone mass. (ox.ac.uk)
Because maternal catabolism is, intuitively, not good for fetal growth and development, the Institute of Medicine (1992) recommends that even women who are obese (BMI of 30 kg/m2 or higher) should not attempt weight loss during pregnancy. (health.am)
While there is increasing evidence on the safety of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for the case management of malaria in early pregnancy, little is known about the association between exposure to ACT during the first trimester and the effect on fetal growth. (biomedcentral.com)
Oseltamivir use in pregnancy: Risk of birth defects, preterm delivery, and small for gestational age infants. (cdc.gov)

Association of in utero organochlorine pesticide exposure and fetal growth and length of gestation in an agricultural population. (cdc.gov)
We attempted to estimate the consequences for infant deaths if maternal DDT exposure in fact increases preterm births and decreases the duration of lactation with the strength of association seen in North America. (cdc.gov)
Here, we use published data on the relationship between DDT spraying and levels in maternal serum and breast milk in Africa to estimate the increased exposure from spraying. (cdc.gov)
Through reducing maternal smoking and SHS exposure, tobacco control policies have considerable potential to benefit perinatal health. (nature.com)
METHODS: We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the relationship between NSAIDs exposure and risk of miscarriage. (bvsalud.org)
In-utero hyperglycemia exposure influences later cardiometabolic risk, although few studies include women with pre-existing type 2 diabetes (T2D) or assess maternal body mass index (BMI) as a potential confounder. (nature.com)
Although previous research has established that exposure to high maternal sensitivity advances the outcome of infant cognitive development, factors such as breastfeeding, which is hypothesized to confound the association, or depression, which is negatively associated with sensitivity, have not yet been examined together in a single study. (columbia.edu)
Problem: Prenatal exposure to metabolic dysregulation arising from maternal obesity can have negative health consequences in post-natal life. (elsevierpure.com)
In a prospective, longitudinal study of 203 urban term infants, 3 cocaine exposure groups were defined by maternal report and infant meconium assay: unexposed, heavier cocaine exposure (75th percentile self-reported days of use or meconium benzoylecognine concentration), or lighter cocaine exposure (all others). (erowid.org)
Examiners, masked to exposure history, tested infants at 6, 12, and 24 months of age with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. (erowid.org)
There were no significant adverse main effects of level of cocaine exposure on Mental Development Index (MDI), Psychomotor Development Index (PDI), or Infant Behavior Record. (erowid.org)
Although the sample was born at or near term, there was also a significant interaction of cocaine exposure and gestational age on MDI scores, with those in the heavier exposure group born at slightly lower gestational age having higher mean MDI scores compared with other children born at that gestational age. (erowid.org)
Heavier prenatal cocaine exposure is not an independent risk factor for depressed scores on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development up to 24 months of age when term infants are compared with lighter exposed or unexposed infants of the same demographic background. (erowid.org)

We also examined associations between maternal serum OC levels and low birth weight, preterm delivery, and small for gestational age, but numbers were small. (cdc.gov)
The risk of childhood obesity is increased among infants who had overweight or obesity at birth, but in low-resource settings one in five infants are born small for gestational age. (warwick.ac.uk)
Using the LBW category may result in potential misclassification since this group combines at least two different phenomena and includes infants who have had either compromised gestational time as in the case of small for gestational age (SGA), or insufficient gestational time, as in the case of premature birth, or both. (columbia.edu)

The association with timing of the tobacco control policies was investigated using interrupted time series logistic regression analyses with adjustment for confounders. (nature.com)
105 384 newborns (⩾2000 g and ⩾36 weeks) were analysed, and the effect of higher birth weight on total serum bilirubin (TSB) ⩾342 μmol/l was reported using logistic regression to control for gestational age, scalp injury diagnosis, maternal diabetes, method of delivery and other confounders. (bmj.com)
Are maternal depression, breastfeeding, maternal alcohol intake and infant biological vulnerability effect modifiers or confounders of the maternal sensitivity and infant cognitive development association? (columbia.edu)
Maternal alcohol use and biological vulnerability were also hypothesized to be confounders of the sensitivity-cognitive association. (columbia.edu)
Unmeasured confounders and/or measurement errors might have produced spurious positive associations between birth weight and some air pollution metrics. (biomedcentral.com)
Objective To assess the importance of maternal intelligence, and the effect of controlling for it and other important confounders, in the link between breast feeding and children's intelligence. (bmj.com)
Design Examination of the effect of breast feeding on cognitive ability and the impact of a range of potential confounders, in particular maternal IQ, within a national database. (bmj.com)
Infants with intra-ventricular hemorrhage at 36-38 weeks post-conceptual age had lower habituation scores to light (4.21 ± 2.23 vs. 6.09 ± 2.44), rattle (3.84 ± 2.12 vs. 6.18 ± 2.27), and bell (3.58 ± 1.74 vs. 5.20 ± 2.47) after controlling for confounders. (elsevier.es)

Poor prognostic factors were prematurity, polyhydramnios, and large for gestational age. (medscape.com)
Prematurity is defined by the gestational age at which infants are born. (msdmanuals.com)
Preterm infants, even late preterm infants who are the size of some full-term infants, have increased morbidity and mortality compared to full-term infants due to their prematurity. (msdmanuals.com)

To explore the association of maternal T2D and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with childhood anthropometry, and the influence of maternal BMI on these associations. (nature.com)
Associations have been reported between intrauterine growth restriction and the incidence of several chronic conditions in later life such as type 2 diabetes mellitus[ 1 ] or cardiovascular diseases[ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Infants of mothers with preexisting diabetes mellitus experience double the risk of serious injury at birth, triple the likelihood of cesarean delivery, and quadruple the incidence of newborn intensive care unit (NICU) admission. (medscape.com)

However, none of these studies examine the association between sensitivity and cognitive outcome in infants exclusively premature or SGA. (columbia.edu)
Univariate regression analyses showed that of the measures of biological vulnerability, premature birth had the greatest association with both sensitivity and cognitive development in comparison to the LBW or SGA. (columbia.edu)

Univariate and multi-variable regression analyses were used to examine whether the four maternal factors were associated with Maternal Sensitivity, measured by the Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale (NCATS), and with Cognitive Development, measured by the Bayley Scale of Infant Development, Research Edition (BSF-R). (columbia.edu)
Associations between maternal and infant characteristics and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy were calculated with logistic regression analyses, and risks were presented as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. (nih.gov)
We compared results from (1) confounder-adjusted multivariable analyses, (2) a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using maternal rs1051730 genotype as an instrument for smoking quantity and ease of quitting, and (3) a negative control analysis comparing maternal and mother's partner's smoking associations. (plos.org)
Study limitations include measurement error due to maternal self-report of smoking and the modest sample size for MR analyses resulting in unconfounded estimates being less precise. (plos.org)
Multiple logistic regression analyses were used for testing the effect of IPI on the odds ratio (OR) for LBW, after controlling for employment, educational and marital status, parity, sex of the child, maternal and gestational age. (edu.pl)

[ 12 ] A report of data from the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development regarding 1037 live-born infants with NIHF revealed a 35.1% neonatal mortality and a 43.2% overall mortality at age 1 year. (medscape.com)
National population-based cohort study of 692 428 live-born infants ≥36 gestational weeks in Sweden, 2009-2015. (nih.gov)
Methods: The study was carried out on the birth registry sample of almost 40,000 singleton, live-born infants who were delivered between the years 1995 and 2009 to multiparous mothers whose residence at the time of infant's birth was the city of Krakow. (edu.pl)

The association of maternal complications, mode of delivery, birth weight, gestational age, neonatal sex, resuscitation procedures, hypothermia on admission, and the Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology, Perinatal Extension, Version II [SNAPPE-II]) with amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram alterations was assessed by multiple logistic regression. (elsevier.es)

University of Florida researchers have provided additional evidence that the breast milk of mothers vaccinated against COVID-19 helps protect infants. (scienceboard.net)
Methods: An ancillary study was conducted among mothers (N = 63) who delivered very low-birth-weight infants (N = 74). (usf.edu)
Results There was a positive association between maternal non-reacting mindfulness skills and child social-emotional development at 2 years of age, regardless of mothers' perinatal mental health, whereas other mindfulness facets were unrelated. (researchgate.net)
Campbell MJ, Rodrigues L, Macfarlane AJ, Murphy MFG. Comparing mothers' reports on the content of prenatal care Sudden infant deaths and cold weather: was the rise in infant received with recommended national guidelines for care. (readkong.com)
Among low parity mothers (two births) no statistically significant associations were found between IPI and LBW after standardization. (edu.pl)
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a population-based study in a cohort of full-term, newborn infants whose mothers were characterized for lifestyle, body composition, and nutrition through their normal pregnancies. (ox.ac.uk)
PEP began in 1989 when a small team of paediatricians, obstetricians and nurses came together to develop a consensus document on best practice care for mothers and infants. (bettercare.co.za)
Regarding ND, 70.71% of the children had achieved the motor milestones for their age, 98.99% of mothers breastfed, 37.38% of them had exclusive breastfed (EBF) for six months. (bvsalud.org)
The percentages of births to mothers with intervals less than 6 months were higher for mothers aged 35 and over at the previous birth (5.7%) and for mothers under age 25 at the previous birth (5.1% among those under age 20 and 5.6% among age group 20-24) compared with other age groups ( Figure 2 ). (cdc.gov)
The percentage of births to mothers with intervals of 6-11 months increased with increasing maternal age at previous birth: from 8.8% among mothers under age 20 to 16.3% among mothers aged 35 and over. (cdc.gov)

ABSTRACT This historical cohort study was designed to clarify the association between air pollution and low birth weight (LBW) amongst women referred to Tehran hospitals in 2007. (who.int)

37 weeks) and term births (gestational age 37 weeks to 41 weeks and 6 days). (scielo.org)
such as maternal age, maternal edu- mortality, and has been established as a Data on all singleton term births cation, maternal job, socioeconomic determinant of neonatal mortality [1]. (who.int)
This report examines categories of short interpregnancy intervals by maternal demographic characteristics among second and higher-order singleton births, using revised birth certificate data for 47 states and the District of Columbia (96% of births) in 2014. (cdc.gov)

The present study revealed that SALSA was present in the amniotic fluid (AF) and exceptionally enriched in both meconium and feces of infants. (researchgate.net)
However, there was no statistically significant association between the thickness of meconium and low first minute Apgar score. (longdom.org)
Shortening the threshold for intervention for labor with fetal heart rate abnormalities in the presence of meconium stained amniotic fluid and introducing further fetal evaluation methods like fetal scalp PH analysis are recommended. (longdom.org)

Conclusion: This research demonstrates that an independent association between maternal sensitivity and infant cognitive development remains even after adjusting for breastfeeding, and that breastfeeding is a separate means to advancing infant cognitive development. (columbia.edu)
Conclusion: This study demonstrates an association between maternal obesity and fetal immunity. (elsevierpure.com)
Conclusion: Parity may modify the association between short birth spacing and LBW. (edu.pl)

Women with very short IPI and high parity may have a higher risk of having LBW infants than those with very short IPI but low parity. (edu.pl)

To date, the specific effects of maternal obesity on fetal immunity at a cellular level have not been well characterized. (elsevierpure.com)
In a sample of 119 infants from the cohort, we related cord serum IGF-1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-3 concentrations to neonatal body composition measured by DXA and evaluated the extent to which this cytokine mediates the previously reported effects of maternal diet and lifestyle on neonatal bone mass. (ox.ac.uk)

Serum levels of OCs in 385 pregnant women were assessed in relation to their infants' length of gestation, term birthweight, crown-heel length, head circumference and ponderal index. (cdc.gov)
However, there were no adverse associations between maternal serum OC levels and birthweight, length, head circumference or ponderal index. (cdc.gov)
Nulliparity, previous cesarean delivery, short stature, overweight, gestational age, occiput posterior presentation and birthweight were all independently associated with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. (nih.gov)
Antepartum risk factors for moderate to severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy included nulliparity, previous cesarean delivery, short stature, overweight, gestational age, occiput posterior presentation and birthweight. (nih.gov)
women with recurrent miscarriage, a prior perinatal death, a prior infant with low birthweight or an infant with a major birth defect [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In this cohort of children followed to eight years of age, prenatal PFAS concentrations were not significantly associated with incidence of clinician-diagnosed asthma. (cdc.gov)

37 weeks of gestation) (PTB) is a major cause of neonatal and infant mortality and morbidity. (springer.com)
these conditions could increase the rate of infant deaths ( 11 , 12 ) and thus attenuate any benefits on mortality rates from a reduction in malaria. (cdc.gov)
State Infant Mortality Toolkit References General Infant Mortality, Maternal and Kleinman JC, Kovar MG, Feldman JJ, Young CA. A comparison of 1960 and 1973-4 early neonatal mortality in selected states. (readkong.com)
Infant mortality. (readkong.com)
trends in infant mortality. (readkong.com)
research, intervention programs, and policy in a statewide effort http://www.cdc.gov/mmwR/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5610a1.htm to reduce infant mortality, 2004-2009. (readkong.com)
Explaining the 2001-2002 infant mortality increase in the United http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hp2000/hp2k01.pdf States: Data from the linked birth/infant death data set. (readkong.com)
The World Health Organization (WHO) currently recommends an IPI of at least 24 months to reduce infant and child mortality as well as to benefit maternal health [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) remains a leading cause of infant mortality in the USA, accounting for approximately 3600 infant deaths every year. (bmj.com)
From this perspective, among the possible extrinsic factors contributing to better development, it is evident that breastfeeding (BF) is an essential practice for the child's health, preventing infant mortality. (bvsalud.org)

Infant birth weight in the second birth was lower (-97.4 g,)) among infants in the intervention arm. (biomedcentral.com)
Conclusions The results of this analysis indicate that sleep environment hazards remain prevalent among infants who die suddenly and unexpectedly, regardless of the cause of death determination. (bmj.com)

5 Those singled out as particularly important include socioeconomic status, maternal education, and birth weight 6 or socioeconomic status/parental education and stimulation of the child. (bmj.com)

The study population consisted of all singleton live-born and stillborn infants delivered at 20 weeks of gestation during 1968-1985 to families residing in base family housing units at Camp Lejeune. (cdc.gov)
Methods Records of women resident in New South Wales, Australia with a singleton first birth during 1999-2008 were linked to chlamydia and gonorrhoea notifications using probabilistic linkage. (bmj.com)

Decreases in gestational age were seen with increasing levels of lipid adjusted HCB (log10) (adjusted β=-0.47 weeks, p=0.05). (cdc.gov)
Methods The UK's Born in Bradford cohort study recruited pregnant women attending a routine antenatal appointment at 26-28 weeks' gestation at the Bradford Royal Infirmary (2007-2010). (springer.com)
Fasting blood was collected from the pregnant women with twin pregnancies (median gestational age: 18.9 weeks). (bvsalud.org)
The convolutional neural network was trained on a heterogeneous dataset of 741 developmentally normal fetal brain images ranging from 19 to 39 weeks in gestational age. (bvsalud.org)
The odds ratio for the effect of an additional 500 g of birth weight on TSB ⩾342 μmol/l declined with increasing gestational age from 1.55 (95% CI 1.28 to 1.87) at 36 weeks to 1.30 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.50) at 37 weeks and 1.14 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.29) at 38 weeks. (bmj.com)
There was no association for infants ⩾39 weeks. (bmj.com)
Higher birth weight predicts TSB ⩾342 μmol/l in 36-38 week infants, but not in infants ⩾39 weeks. (bmj.com)
Associations with trajectories of estimated fetal weight (EFW) and individual fetal parameters (head circumference, femur length [FL], and abdominal circumference [AC]) from 12-16 to 40 weeks' gestation were analysed using multilevel fractional polynomial models. (plos.org)
This was a cross-sectional study of 60 infants with gestational age between 23 and 32 weeks, without malformations. (elsevier.es)
In Burkina Faso, Mozambique and Kenya at recruitment, the mean age (standard deviation) was 27.1 (6.6), 24.2 (6.2) and 25.7 (6.5) years, and the mean gestational age was 24.0 (6.2), 21.2 (5.7) and 17.9 (10.2) weeks, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
To evaluate the association between intra-ventricular hemorrhage and habituation responses to external stimuli in preterm infants at 36-38 weeks post-conceptual age. (elsevier.es)
Infants with intra-ventricular hemorrhage had lower gestational age (28.2 ± 2.2 vs. 29.7 ± 1.7 weeks) and birth weight (990 ± 305 vs. 1275 ± 360 g). (elsevier.es)
32 weeks and intra-ventricular hemorrhage had poorer habituation responses to external stimuli than those without intra-ventricular hemorrhage at 36-38 weeks post-conceptual age. (elsevier.es)
who verified breastfeeding less than six months and the association between a gestational age of less than 32 weeks and greater chances of breastfeeding interruption 7 . (bvsalud.org)
An infant born before 37 weeks gestation is considered preterm. (msdmanuals.com)
Postterm Infants A postterm infant is an infant born after 42 weeks gestation. (msdmanuals.com)

Contrary to expectation, maternal distress in Pakistani women was negatively associated with SGA (OR 0.65: CI 0.48-0.88). (springer.com)
We hypothesize that BM antioxidants are adapted to gestational age and are negatively influenced by maternal age. (mdpi.com)

Outcome was childhood overweight at 7-years-of age. (nih.gov)
Primary outcome is impairment-free survival at 18-22 months corrected age. (stanford.edu)

Objectives To examine the characteristics and circumstances of infants who died while sleeping or in a sleep environment and compare deaths classified as either unintentional asphyxia or an unexplained cause. (bmj.com)
Maternal and neonatal characteristics, according to the presence of IVH. (elsevier.es)

Altered early growth likely influences the metabolic syndrome pathway, with obesity and T2D both occurring at a younger age [ 7 ]. (nature.com)
Our findings could contribute to the earlier identification of infants at risk of obesity. (warwick.ac.uk)
Approximately 17% (or 12.7 million) of children and adolescents aged 2 - 19 years had obesity. (health.am)
The prevalence of obesity among children aged 2 to 5 years decreased significantly from 13.9% in 2003-2004 to 8.4% in 2011-2012 . (health.am)

RCF residents were mostly female, Non-Hispanic white, aged 85 years and older, and had a median length of stay of about 22 months. (cdc.gov)
Median (interquartile range) duration of follow-up was 4.7 (4.0, 6.2) years, and median age at asthma diagnosis was 1.7 (0.9, 2.8) years. (cdc.gov)
RESULTS: Bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP) had the lowest median concentrations over time (0.66-0.97 mg/L) while the median concentrations of bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) increased with age (1.44-3.80 mg/L). The median concentrations of diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) fluctuated between 1.96 and 2.69 mg/L. Intraclass correlation coefficients for urinary metabolites measured at five time points indicated high variability within individuals (0.13-0.24). (cdc.gov)
Wave 1 follow-up included 423 children, aged 1.5-5 years (median follow-up age 2.5 years). (nature.com)
We identified four ultrasound-derived trajectories of fetal abdominal circumference growth that accelerated or decelerated within a crucial 20-25 week gestational age window: faltering growth, early accelerating growth, late accelerating growth, and median growth tracking. (warwick.ac.uk)

Breast milk (BM) is beneficial due to its content in a wide range of different antioxidants, particularly relevant for preterm infants, who are at higher risk of oxidative stress. (mdpi.com)
Maternal DNA was extracted from breast milk and genotyped. (usf.edu)

Statistically significant negative correlations were found between maternal haemoglobin levels and birth size. (who.int)
Average birth weight and average gestational age were statistically significantly lower in the highly exposed population than in the control area prior to filtration of municipal water supply. (biomedcentral.com)

CBMCs were matched according to potentially confounding variables, such as maternal and gestational age, ethnicity, smoking status, and gravidity. (elsevierpure.com)

IMPACT STATEMENT: In this well-established cohort, we evaluated the patterns of urinary OPE metabolites in children ages 1-8 years. (cdc.gov)
31 maternal metabolites had a negative effect for the faltering growth phenotype and 76 for the early accelerating growth phenotype. (warwick.ac.uk)

In mirror syndrome, maternal hypertension, edema, and often proteinuria are present in association with fetal hydrops. (medscape.com)
These investigators chronicled significantly increased incidences of a number of disorders including chronic hypertension, gestational diabetes , preeclampsia, fetal macrosomia, as well as higher rates of cesarean delivery and postpartum complications. (health.am)

Methods: A hospital-based cohort study was used to collect clinical data of 92 pregnant women with twin pregnancies and their fetuses who were admitted to Peking University Third Hospital from March 2017 to January 2018. (bvsalud.org)
From Feb 8, 2012, to Nov 30, 2019, we enrolled 3598 pregnant women and followed up their infants to 2 years of age. (warwick.ac.uk)
Despite concerns that a higher proportion of pregnant women with high body mass index, older maternal age, or greater obstetric risk were leading to higher rates of gestational diabetes, these factors did not significantly contribute to the yearly increase in gestational diabetes in British Columbia across the 15-year study period. (scienceboard.net)
According to the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) over 80 out of every 100 women aged under 40 who have regular unprotected sexual intercourse will get pregnant within 1 year of trying. (wikipedia.org)
Statistical analysis showed that the women in the 27-29 age group had significantly less chance on average of becoming pregnant than did the 19- to 26-year-olds. (wikipedia.org)

Documented maternal determinants of neonatal bone mass seem to mediate their effects independently of variations in cord serum IGF-1 in healthy pregnancies. (ox.ac.uk)

In cohort 2, the cord blood Angptl7 levels were significantly lower in infants who later developed BPD. (spandidos-publications.com)
1 Age groups under 20, 20-24, and 35 and over are significantly different from age groups 25-29 and 30-34. (cdc.gov)
Age group 35 and over is significantly different from age group under 20. (cdc.gov)

Additionally, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) released a recommendation in January 2013 calling for clinicians to "screen women of childbearing age for intimate partner violence" (U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, 2013). (hhs.gov)

Methods: We investigated this relationship in the CHAMACOS birth cohort of low-income Latinas living in the Salinas Valley, an agricultural community in California. (cdc.gov)

We examined the relation between breast feeding and intelligence and assessed the role of maternal IQ and other covariates in generating the association. (bmj.com)

Children exposed to maternal T2D had smaller mean head circumference (−0.82 cm, 95% CI: −1.33, −0.31) than children exposed to normoglycemia. (nature.com)
A significant positive correlation between maternal anthropometric variables with neonatal birth dimensions was observed and the effect was more evident in girls than boys for BMI and head circumference. (who.int)

Maternal T2D was no longer associated with greater child mean skinfolds ( p = 0.14) or waist circumference ( p = 0.18) after adjustment for maternal BMI. (nature.com)

If left untreated, complications may include macrosomia, a larger-than-normal baby that can be difficult to deliver, or very low infant blood sugar levels, called hypoglycemia. (scienceboard.net)

The researchers analyzed the data for more than 550,000 pregnancies in British Columbia from 2005 to 2019, as well as the screening method and rates of screening completion. (scienceboard.net)
High Body Mass Index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) affect an increasing number of pregnancies. (biomedcentral.com)

Multivariable regression was performed to assess BMI and age as predictors for UDFF.Twenty-two participants were male, 24 were female, and the mean age was 14 ± 3 (range: 7-18) years. (stanford.edu)

One of the hypothesized intermediaries for this association is maternal cortisol, a glucocorticoid [6-8]. (researchsquare.com)
Several biological mechanisms have been proposed for linking elevated maternal cortisol levels to infant birth weight. (researchsquare.com)
The latter may also be affected by the bi-directional association between inflammation and cortisol [19]. (researchsquare.com)
The results of previous studies on the associations between elevated maternal cortisol, fetal growth, and gestational age at birth were inconsistent [7, 20-23]. (researchsquare.com)
This study investigated the associations between cortisol and lipids in human milk at the infant age of 2.5 months. (biomedcentral.com)
This study revealed certain significant associations between milk cortisol and the fatty acid composition of human milk, indicating that cortisol might be one of the factors affecting the origin of the lipids in human milk. (biomedcentral.com)

Preterm infants tend to be smaller than term infants. (msdmanuals.com)

Greater maternal antenatal BMI was associated with increased anthropometric measures in offspring independent of maternal glycemic status. (nature.com)

For example, there are, a few studies in humans that suggest that OCs, in particular DDT/DDE, can reduce foetal growth or gestational duration, but results are not consistent. (cdc.gov)
Results The mother's IQ was more highly predictive of breastfeeding status than were her race, education, age, poverty status, smoking, the home environment, or the child's birth weight or birth order. (bmj.com)
Results Overall, 36% (n=276) of sleep-related infant deaths in this study sample were classified as resulting from an unexplained cause compared with unintentional asphyxia. (bmj.com)
The results of this study support growing evidence that unsafe sleep environments contribute to all forms of sudden unexpected infant death, underscoring the need for standardising cause of death determination practices and promoting consistent, high-quality forensic investigations to accurately explain, monitor and prevent these deaths. (bmj.com)

We assume that, to obtain the benefit of reduced risk for malaria in the infant, the mother's home must be treated and she must be exposed. (cdc.gov)

While the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 (GH/IGF-1) axis is an important determinant of postnatal skeletal growth, there are few data relating the concentration of growth factors in umbilical cord blood to bone mineral content (BMC) and other indices of body composition in the newborn infant. (ox.ac.uk)
Gestational age is the primary determinant of organ maturity. (msdmanuals.com)

We investigated associations between maternal postpartum distress covering anxiety, depression and stress and childhood overweight. (nih.gov)
Maternal postpartum distress is apparently not an independent risk factor for childhood overweight at 7-years-of-age. (nih.gov)
We examined the associations of average maternal OPE metabolite concentrations with OPE metabolite concentrations in childhood, characterized childhood OPE trajectories with latent class growth analysis (LCGA), and examined factors related to trajectory membership. (cdc.gov)
Average maternal urinary BCEP and BDCIPP were associated with concentrations in early childhood. (cdc.gov)
Methods: Using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth (ECLS-B) Cohort, a nationally representative sample of U.S. born children, depressive symptomology was evaluated as an effect-modifier, and breastfeeding was evaluated as a confounder of the sensitivity-cognitive development association. (columbia.edu)

Gestational diabetes occurs when a hormone made by the placenta prevents the body from using insulin properly. (scienceboard.net)

The data are from the Birth in Brazil study, a national survey consisting of 23,894 postpartum women and their newborn infants. (scielo.org)

Interventions to promote birth spacing and improve maternal and neonatal health in this population need to involve male partners and knowledgeable health care providers to be effective. (biomedcentral.com)

The proposed regression algorithm provides an automated machine-enabled tool with the potential to better characterize in utero neurodevelopment and guide real-time gestational age estimation after the first trimester. (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy20

Diseases65

Chemicals and Drugs6

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment78

Psychiatry and Psychology15

Phenomena and Processes54

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena10

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science12

Named Groups18

Health Care60

Geographicals8

Preterm birth15

Outcomes29

10th percentile3

Pregnancy45

Exposure13

Small for3

Confounders8

Prematurity3

Diabetes mellitus3

Premature2

Analyses5

Live-born infants3

Logistic regression1

Mothers10

Abstract1

Births3

Meconium3

Conclusion3

Parity1

Effects of maternal2

Birthweight5

Prenatal1

Mortality10

Among infants2

Socioeconomic status1

Singleton2

Weeks16

Negatively2

Outcome2

Characteristics2

Obesity4

Median5

Breast milk2

Statistically2

Ethnicity1

Metabolites2

Hypertension2

Pregnant5

Determinants1

Significantly3

Preventive Services Task Force1

Birth cohort1

Role of maternal1

Head circumference2

Circumference1

Complications1

Pregnancies2

Multivariable1

Cortisol6

Term infants1

Anthropometric1

Results4

Mother's1

Determinant2

Childhood5

Placenta1

Newborn infants1

Improve maternal1

Trimester1