Induces lymphoid th2 cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

The initiation of type 2 immune responses by the epithelial cell-derived cytokines IL-25, IL-33 and TSLP has been an area of extensive research in the past decade. (nature.com)
Such studies have led to the identification of a new innate lymphoid subset that produces the canonical type 2 cytokines IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13 in response to IL-25 and IL-33. (nature.com)
These group 2 or type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2 cells) represent a critical source of type 2 cytokines in vivo and serve an important role in orchestrating the type 2 response to helminths and allergens. (nature.com)
Saenz, S.A., Taylor, B.C. & Artis, D. Welcome to the neighborhood: epithelial cell-derived cytokines license innate and adaptive immune responses at mucosal sites. (nature.com)
Many pathologic immune responses in asthma are "type 2", that is they are characterized by aberrant production of the Th2-type cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 by CD4+ T cells and innate lymphoid cells. (rochester.edu)
In a protective feedback mechanism, these cytokines suppress IL-1β-producing DCs, in line with a protective role of uILC2s against endotoxin-induced abortion. (elifesciences.org)
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) lack antigen receptors but are equipped with receptors for cytokines, hormones, and paracrine signals enabling them to sense their environment and respond quickly by producing factors that influence parenchymal cells and other resident immune cells. (elifesciences.org)
Parasitic helminths generally induce strong type 2 immunity that normally controls parasite infection and is characterized by production of type 2 cytokines like interleukin- (IL-) 4, IL-5, and IL-13 by innate cells (group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, and macrophages) and CD4 + T helper 2 (Th2) lymphocytes. (hindawi.com)
IL-33 activates group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) to produce the type 2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 that initiate innate immunity-driven allergic responses. (justia.com)
In addition, the GLP-1R agonist, exendin-4, reduced serum inflammatory cytokines during LPS-induced endotoxemia, liver inflammation, and aortic atherosclerosis in a rodent model. (justia.com)
Given that viruses and pro-asthmatic type 2 cytokines ( e.g. interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13) directly elicit bronchial ASM constriction [ 7 - 14 ], β 2 -AR agonists are primarily used as a "rescue" bronchodilator therapy during virus or allergen induced exacerbations of asthma, and other causes of episodic wheezing ( e.g. exercise-induced ASM bronchoconstriction). (ersjournals.com)
Furthermore, SR1001 inhibited the expression of cytokines when added to differentiated murine or human T H 17 cells. (nature.com)
Cytokines produced within the lymphoid tissue, e.g. (ox.ac.uk)
Naive CD4+ cells grown in IL-4, in the presence or absence of IL-2, fail to produce Th2 cytokines upon restimulation. (ox.ac.uk)
2. Zhao W, Oskeritzian CA, Pozez AL, Schwartz LB. Cytokine production by skin-derived mast cells: endogenous proteases are responsible for degradation of cytokines. (southernbiotech.com)
Cytokine coexpression during human Th1/Th2 cell differentiation: direct evidence for coordinated expression of Th2 cytokines. (southernbiotech.com)
12. Sparrelid E, Emanuel D, Fehniger T, Andersson U, Andersson J. Interstitial pneumonitis in bone marrow transplant recipients is associated with local production of TH2-type cytokines and lack of T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. (southernbiotech.com)
IL-33 is a recently identified member of the IL-1 family of cytokines and is involved in Th2 mediated immune responses. (mdbioproducts.com)
During the process of airway inflammation, complex interactions of innate and adaptive immune cells as well as structural cells and their cytokines have many important roles. (cdc.gov)
T helper (Th) 2 cells, which recruit and accumulate in the lungs and produce a range of different effector cytokines. (cdc.gov)
However, more recent studies have revealed the potential collaboration of other helper T cells and their cytokines in this process. (cdc.gov)
The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the possible roles of newly identified helper T cells derived cytokines (IL-9, 17, 22, 25 and IL-33) in asthma. (cdc.gov)
A further step forward in the knowledge of this disease was made observing that cytokines involved in its pathogenesis were not the same in all asthmatic individuals, therefore permitting to subdivide them in two different organizations according to the presence, or BIA 10-2474 the absence, of TH2 swelling. (ees2010prague.org)
In the TH2-low phenotype, on the other hand, the association between swelling and the action of the abovementioned cytokines is definitely less well defined, and the mechanisms underlying the disease in these individuals remain little known (14, 15). (ees2010prague.org)
These cells are able to create cytokines quickly in response to chemical and environmental signals (i.e. (ees2010prague.org)
Following activation, NKT cells rapidly secrete both Th1 and Th2 cytokines and can mediate cytolytic activity. (umaryland.edu)
These cells act as antigen-presenting cells (APCs), secreting several cytokines and chemokines to regulate innate and adaptive immunity. (breathinglabs.com)
Unlike ILCs, NK cells constantly recirculate and may contribute to chronic inflammatory diseases since they have been associated with COPD and asthma by producing inflammatory cytokines. (breathinglabs.com)
The activation of a resting helper T cell causes it to release cytokines and other stimulatory signals (green arrows) that stimulate the activity of macrophages , killer T cells and B cells , the latter producing antibodies . (wikidoc.org)
The integration of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from microorganisms with their surface receptors in the immune cells, induces the production of several cytokines and chemokines that presents either a pro- and/or anti-inflammatory role by stimulating the secretion of a great variety of antibody subtypes and the activation of mechanisms of controlling the disease, such as the regulatory T cells. (bvsalud.org)

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) adapt to tissue physiology and contribute to immunity, inflammatory pathology and metabolism. (elifesciences.org)
This important study describes the protective role of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in tissue physiology and contributes to immunity, inflammatory pathology, and metabolism in maintaining homeostasis during pregnancy. (elifesciences.org)
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells protect lung endothelial cells from pyroptosis in sepsis. (mdbioproducts.com)
Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Attenuate Inflammatory Arthritis and Protect from Bone Destruction in Mice. (mdbioproducts.com)

However, upon exposure to inflammatory stimuli, they also initiate and amplify type 2 inflammation by inducing mucus production, eosinophilia, and Th2 differentiation. (broadinstitute.org)
Thus, elucidating the signals that regulate their differentiation is critical for understanding the roles of Th9 cells in protective immunity and disease. (purdue.edu)
While the roles of IL-4 and TGF- β-mediated signaling are relatively well understood, how IL-2 signaling contributes to Th9 cell differentiation outside of directly inducing the Il9 locus remains less clear. (purdue.edu)
These results suggest that IL-2/STAT5 signaling controls the balance between Th9 and Th17-like cell differentiation in vitro and during allergy. (purdue.edu)
Together, these findings indicate that IL-1β /NF-kB signaling can promote Th9 cell differentiation in IL-2-limiting conditions and that this pathway may be targeted to enhance Th9 differentiation and their inflammatory function. (purdue.edu)
The Thymocyte associated High Mobility Group (HMG) box, known as TOX has been previously described to have paramount functions in the development of all the lineages of CD4+ T cells during thymic selection, during CD8+ T cell exhaustion and in Tfh cell differentiation and function. (purdue.edu)
However, the molecular mechanisms which regulate Th1 cell differentiation in CD mucosa are unknown. (bmj.com)
Here we present SR1001, a high-affinity synthetic ligand-the first in a new class of compound-that is specific to both RORα and RORγt and which inhibits T H 17 cell differentiation and function. (nature.com)
Our data demonstrate the feasibility of targeting the orphan receptors RORα and RORγt to inhibit specifically T H 17 cell differentiation and function, and indicate that this novel class of compound has potential utility in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. (nature.com)
McGeachy, M. J. & Cua, D. J. Th17 cell differentiation: The long and winding road. (nature.com)
The orphan nuclear receptor RORγt directs the differentiation program of proinflammatory IL-17 + T helper cells. (nature.com)
Manel, N., Unutmaz, D. & Littman, D. R. The differentiation of human TH-17 cells requires transforming growth factor-β and induction of the nuclear receptor RORγt. (nature.com)
Zhang, F. P., Meng, G. X. & Strober, W. Interactions among the transcription factors Runx1, RORγt and Foxp3 regulate the differentiation of interleukin 17-producing T cells. (nature.com)
One unifying principle under investigation is determining the role of specific chemokine systems in establishing tissue niches for the differentiation and maintenance of specific T cell populations, such as resident memory T cells in the lung and stem-like CD8 + and CD4 + T cells in the tumor microenvironment. (massgeneral.org)
Projects in the lab are aimed at uncovering the factors and genetic programs that lead to Th2-Trm differentiation, function and maintenance in the tissue with a view to developing new therapies that dislodge these cells from the tissue. (massgeneral.org)
Recently, we have described a new pathway that IL-17A, a key Th17 cytokine, utilizes to drive dilated cardiomyopathy, by stimulating cardiac fibroblast to produce GM-CSF and induce proinflammatory differentiation of monocytyes. (jhmi.edu)
Signal transduction down the Ras/MAPK pathway, including that critical to T cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation, has been generally considered to occur at the plasma membrane. (scielo.br)
CD8+ T Cell Differentiation Status Correlates with the Feasibility of Sustained Unresponsiveness Following Oral Immunotherapy. (stanford.edu)
pubMedId':'36333296','pubMedUrl':'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36333296','publicationId':'861787','title':'CD8+ T cell differentiation status correlates with the feasibility of sustained unresponsiveness following oral immunotherapy. (stanford.edu)
In the TH2-high phenotype, which is definitely characterized by eosinophilic swelling, IL-5 is definitely a central cytokine, with a key part in eosinophil differentiation, survival, activation (10, 11), and migration in the lungs (12, 13). (ees2010prague.org)
In addition, IL-5 in bone marrow favors the differentiation of several CD34+ cells into eosinophils (20). (ees2010prague.org)
Further differentiation into the different subtypes of ILCs depends on BIA 10-2474 the phenotypic and practical characteristics of the T-cell subset and the manifestation of regulatory genes, so that ILC1s are linked to TH1 swelling, ILC2s to TH2-induced swelling, and ILC3 to TH17 and TH22 swelling (29). (ees2010prague.org)

Further characterization of ILC2 cell biology will enhance the understanding of type 2 responses and may identify new treatments for asthma, allergies and parasitic infections. (nature.com)
Paul, W.E. & Zhu, J. How are TH2-type immune responses initiated and amplified? (nature.com)
New IL-17 family members promote Th1 or Th2 responses in the lung: in vivo function of the novel cytokine IL-25. (nature.com)
ROR-alpha is expressed in a variety of cell types and is involved in regulating several aspects of development, inflammatory responses, and lymphocyte development. (wikipedia.org)
We also review recent discoveries about ILC2 plasticity and heterogeneity in different tissues, as revealed partly through single-cell RNA sequencing of transcriptional responses to various stimuli. (broadinstitute.org)
Despite often comprising only a small proportion of tissue resident immune cells, ILCs are present in most tissues and have been shown to orchestrate inflammatory responses to viruses, intracellular bacteria and parasites. (elifesciences.org)
Although it has become clear that GA induces protective degenerate Th2/IL-10 responses, its precise mode of action remains elusive. (aai.org)
Helminth infections induce strong type 2 cell-mediated immune responses, characterized among other things by production of high levels of interleukin- (IL-) 4 and IL-13. (hindawi.com)
Their exact activation state as well as the role of these cells and associated molecules in type 2 immune responses remains to be fully understood. (hindawi.com)
An important aspect about type 2 cell-mediated responses against parasitic helminths is that they are induced for controlling parasite infection but they also mediate the tolerance of parasite persistence [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
In addition, IL-33 polarizes naïve CD4 T cells to differentiate into effector T helper 2 (Th2) cells, which produce IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 that are responsible for adaptive immunity-mediated allergen-induced responses. (justia.com)
IL-9-producing CD4+ T helper (Th9) cells contribute to inflammatory responses during infection, anti-cancer responses and autoimmune disease. (purdue.edu)
Bordetella pertussis infection in 2-month-old infants promotes type 1 T cell responses. (southernbiotech.com)
It is a selective marker for murine Th2 lymphocytes and plays a role in regulating inflammatory responses. (mdbioproducts.com)
Btn2a2 Regulates ILC2-T Cell Cross Talk in Type 2 Immune Responses. (mdbioproducts.com)
Studies in the lab are aimed at understanding the role of both CD4 + and CD8 + Trm cells in both type 1 responses, such as respiratory viral infections, and type 2 responses, such as allergic asthma. (massgeneral.org)
For type 1 responses, we study the role of resident memory CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in protection from respiratory viral pathogens, such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2. (massgeneral.org)
We are also investigating tissue Tregs and have recently found important roles for these cells in regulating the early innate immune response in both type 1 and type 2 responses. (massgeneral.org)
Projects in the lab are currently aimed at uncovering roles for antigen-specific tissue Tregs in regulating antigen-specific resident memory effector T cell responses in tissue. (massgeneral.org)
Prior studies showed nanoparticle clearance was different in C57BL/6 versus BALB/c mice, strains prone to Th1 and Th2 immune responses, respectively. (cdc.gov)
Anti-HIV-1 T cell responses are evaded by continuous mutation of the virus. (scielo.br)
Vaccine strategies that concentrate on stimulating T cell immunity will at best generate reactive and persisting T cell responses that can suppress virus without preventing infection, limiting or preventing the damage the virus cause. (scielo.br)
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) (also known as CD152) is a major negative regulator of T cell responses which interacts with the B7-1 (CD80) / B7-2 (CD86) ligands on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell. (scielo.br)
Alterations in cellular metabolism modulate CD1d-mediated NKT-cell responses. (umaryland.edu)
On the other hand, IMs have been shown to limit Th2 responses through secretion of IL-10. (breathinglabs.com)
Programmed death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), the interacting ligand for PD-1, widely expressed in many cell types, acts as a tissue-specific negative regulator of pathogenic T-cell responses. (diabetesjournals.org)

As an example, the intestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus produces a TGF- β mimic during its invasive stages causing the induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in mice [ 9 ], a T cell subset that controls immunity in infection, allergy, and autoimmunity [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
CD11c is expressed by dendritic cells, a subset of Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes (IEL) and some activated T cells. (thermofisher.com)
CD11c is expressed in monocytes, macrophages, natural killer cells, some granulocytes and less so in a subset of lymphocytes. (thermofisher.com)
The role of CD28 co-stimulation in Th2 subset development has been described. (ox.ac.uk)
This implies that IL-7 acts directly to induce Th2 subset development and not by up-regulating either production of IL-4 during culture or expression of the IL-4 receptor. (ox.ac.uk)
Recently, we and others have identified a memory T cell subset referred to as resident memory T cells (Trm) that do not recirculate but instead persist in previously inflamed nonlymphoid tissue. (massgeneral.org)
Interleukin (IL)-9-producing subset called Th9 cell, Th22 cells which primarily secrete IL-22, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor- and Th25 cells via producing IL-25 are believed to be important for initiating allergic reactions and developing airway inflammation. (cdc.gov)
Our findings provide evidence that an immune signature consisting of certain CD8+ T cell subset frequencies is potentially predictive of SU following OIT. (stanford.edu)
Consequently, NKT cells constitute an important subset of T cells that can play a critical role in regulating the host's anti-tumor immune response. (umaryland.edu)

Evidence for CD4 + T-cell involvement in autoimmune disease pathogenesis and for paracrine calcitriol signaling to CD4 + T lymphocytes is summarized to support the thesis that calcitriol is sunlight's main protective signal transducer in autoimmune disease risk. (frontiersin.org)
Gene-environment interactions, sunlight and vitamin D, and T lymphocytes as autoimmune disease initiators and vitamin D targets are discussed to explain the rationale for reviewing vitamin D mechanisms in T cells. (frontiersin.org)
Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells and sinusoidal endothelium) and infiltrating leukocytes (e.g., monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes). (mdpi.com)
In a very interesting chapter, Z. PANCER and M. D. COOPER first consider the emergence of lymphocytes as a novel circulatory cell type in vertebrates and then discuss phylogenetic aspects of the superfamily of LRR - containing proteins and their role in immunity. (scielo.br)
The active vitamin D generating enzyme, 1a-hydroxylase, is expressed by the airway epithelium, alveolar macrophages, dendritic cells and lymphocytes indicating that active vitamin D can be produced locally within the lungs. (vitamindwiki.com)
The peripheral airways are constantly in contact with broncho-alveolar cells (BACs), which are mainly composed of alveolar macrophages (AM) and lymphocytes (also found in a compartment of the respiratory tract epithelium). (breathinglabs.com)
T helper cells (also known as effector T cells or T h cells ) are a sub-group of lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell or leukocyte ) that plays an important role in establishing and maximizing the capabilities of the immune system . (wikidoc.org)
Le pourcentage de CD44 dans les lymphocytes T périphériques était significativement plus élevé chez les patients que chez les témoins, comme détecté par la cytométrie en flux. (who.int)

Thus activated, they mature and migrate through the lymphatics toward secondary lymphoid organs. (aai.org)
In the T cell areas of lymphoid organs, mature effector DC not only present pathogen-derived peptides to T cells, but also adapt the class of immune response to the type of invading pathogen by driving the development of protective effector Th cell subsets. (aai.org)
Central tolerance occurs during lymphocyte development in the primary lymphoid organs (i.e. thymus and bone marrow), where T or B cell clones that recognize autoantigens with high-affinity are deleted. (frontiersin.org)
Peripheral tolerance occurs in the secondary lymphoid organs (e.g. spleen, lymph nodes, and mucosal/gut associated lymphoid tissues) and peripheral tissues. (frontiersin.org)
In these studies, I found that CD4+ T cells express TOX in the steady state in secondary lymphoid organs like spleen, lymph nodes, and Peyer's patches. (purdue.edu)
Multiple sclerosis and T1D have distinct target organs, genetic risk factors, onset ages, and female to male ratios, but target organ-specific T cells as initiators unite these diseases. (frontiersin.org)
The anti-inflammatory effect was accompanied by a diminished DTH against the arthritogen mBSA and a decrease of TH1-cytokine production in spleen and pooled body lymph nodes, whereas the TH2-cytokine production in these organs was unchanged and the humoral immune response was only moderately reduced. (irpa2006europe.com)
DTH), cytokine profiles of lymphoid organs and joints, and humoral response to mBSA and matrix antigens. (irpa2006europe.com)
They also serve as immune organs, fostering both innate and adaptive immune cells. (breathinglabs.com)

Interactions between ILC2 cells and the adaptive immune system, as well as examination of potential roles for ILC2 cells in the maintenance of homeostasis, promise to be particularly fruitful areas of future research. (nature.com)
Figure 3: Potential interactions of ILC2 cells with T cells and B cells. (nature.com)
It also plays an essential role in the development of type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) and mutant animals are ILC2 deficient. (wikipedia.org)
Here, we characterized the whole-genome distribution of methyl-CpG and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in mouse innate lymphoid cell 3 (ILC3), ILC2 and natural killer (NK) cells. (stanford.edu)
Th2 cell-derived IL-4/IL-13 promote ILC2 accumulation in the lung by ILC2-intrinsic STAT6 signaling in mice. (mdbioproducts.com)
A Metabolite-Triggered Tuft Cell-ILC2 Circuit Drives Small Intestinal Remodeling. (mdbioproducts.com)
IL-5 is definitely synthesized and secreted by eosinophils, TH2 cells, mast cells, CD34+ progenitor cells, natural killer (NK) T cells, and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) (10, 17). (ees2010prague.org)

Absence of ILC2s leads to utero-placental abnormalities, including poor vascular remodelling, increased Il1b and decreased Il4, Il5 , and Il13 gene expression, and reduced alternative activation of dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. (elifesciences.org)
Macrophages are highly plastic innate immune cells that adopt an important diversity of phenotypes in response to environmental cues. (hindawi.com)
The activated NKT cells directly induced alveolar macrophages to produce IL-33, which in turn activated NKT cells, as well as natural helper cells, a newly described non-T, non-B, innate lymphoid cell type, to increase production of IL-13. (sinica.edu.tw)
Here we describe a new r-BCG expressing the gene Rv1767, induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis during its survival in human macrophages. (unicatt.it)
I have developed an independent, original research program, examining the role of cardiac resident cells and monocytes/macrophages in the inflammatory heart disease and the development of dilated cardiomyopathy. (jhmi.edu)
The main players in innate immunity in the lungs include the airway epithelium itself, alveolar macrophages and dendritic cells. (vitamindwiki.com)
Programmed death 1 (PD-1) is an immunoreceptor of the CD28/CTLA-4 family whose expression is induced in activated T- and B-cells and in macrophages ( 1 , 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
They are essential in determining B cell antibody class switching , in the activation and growth of cytotoxic T cells , and in maximizing bactericidal activity of phagocytes such as macrophages . (wikidoc.org)
Professional antigen presenting cells are primarily dendritic cells , macrophages and B cells , although dendritic cells are the only cell group that expresses MHC Class II constitutively (at all times). (wikidoc.org)

Type 2 innate lymphoid cells in the induction and resolution of tissue inflammation. (broadinstitute.org)
Recent research has shown that type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) contribute to steady-state tissue integrity and exert tissue-specific functions. (broadinstitute.org)
Both heterogeneity and tissue specialization of immune cells may hold the key to understanding the pathophysiology of some important pregnancy complications, such as miscarriage and fetal growth restriction (FGR), which is defined as the failure of the fetus to achieve its genetically determined growth potential. (elifesciences.org)
The 5-grass and house dust mite extracts were evaluated addressing the T helper 1, T helper 2, and T helper 3 cells by polymerase chain reaction array on mRNA extracted from Waldeyer's ring tissue (adenoids). (dovepress.com)
For instance, GLP-1R agonist administration decreased TNFα and IL-6 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of obese patients with T2D and diabetic mouse adipose tissue. (justia.com)
1- 5 Moreover, we have previously shown that the Th1 cell response in fetal gut explants results in villous atrophy and crypt cell hyperplasia, 6, 7 thus supporting the role of local Th1 cell inflammation in promoting CD associated tissue damage. (bmj.com)
Bonzo/CXCR6 expression defines type 1-polarized T-cell subsets with extralymphoid tissue homing potential. (southernbiotech.com)
Research in the Luster lab is varied and has historically focused on chemokines, immune cell trafficking, and resident memory effector and regulatory cells in regulating tissue immunity. (massgeneral.org)
It is known that ovarian cancer tissue and ascites contain lymphocytic infiltrates, suggesting that immune cells traffic to tumors, but are then inhibited by immunosuppressive molecules within the tumor microenvironment. (umaryland.edu)
The tissue-resident immune cells in the lungs act as the first line of defense against pulmonary infections. (breathinglabs.com)
Although tissue-resident memory T cells are key components of lung immunity, tissue-resident innate immune cells also play a significant role in pulmonary diseases such as influenza, bacterial pneumonia, asthma, and inflammatory disorders. (breathinglabs.com)
Recent studies have shown that a complex network of non-recirculating immune cells residing within lung tissue is responsible for maintaining a balance between immunity and tolerance. (breathinglabs.com)
The bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) is another compartment of the respiratory lymphoid cells (RLCs), and it comprehends organized lymphoid tissues present inside the bronchial walls. (breathinglabs.com)
In this study, we examined peripheral blood T and B cell populations and their activation in asymptomatic ANA + individuals together with patients with undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD) and early SARD to determine whether the cellular immune characteristics found in SARD are distinct from those seen in asymptomatic ANA + individuals, most of whom will not progress to SARD. (biomedcentral.com)

Type 2 cell-mediated immunity is a general feature of helminth infection regardless of the multivariate sites of colonization of the numerous helminth species [ 11 ] and is conserved from jawed fish to mammals [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Spatial distribution of LTi-like cells in intestinal mucosa regulates type 3 innate immunity. (stanford.edu)
Among immune cells, Foxp3 + regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are potent inhibitors of cancer immunity, and their presence within solid tumors is generally associated with a poor prognosis. (mdpi.com)
Changes in systemic type 1 and type 2 immunity in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia may be mediated by natural killer cells Borzychowski, A.M. et al. (mdbioproducts.com)
Innate lymphoid cells responding to IL-33 mediate airway hyperreactivity independently of adaptive immunity. (sinica.edu.tw)
Background: Asthma has been considered an immunologic disease mediated by TH2 cells and adaptive immunity. (sinica.edu.tw)

In mice, RORα is essential for development of cerebellum through direct regulation of genes expressed in Purkinje cells. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, although present in normal numbers, the ILC3 and Th17 cells from RORα deficient mice are defective for cytokine production. (wikipedia.org)
Results: In this model AHR developed rapidly when mice were treated with NKT cell-activating glycolipid antigens, even in the absence of conventional CD41 T cells. (sinica.edu.tw)
Surprisingly, this glycolipid-induced AHR pathway required not only IL-13 but also IL-33 and its receptor, ST2, because it was blocked by an anti-ST2 mAb and was greatly reduced in ST22/2 mice. (sinica.edu.tw)
When adoptively transferred into IL-132/2 mice, both wild-type natural helper cells and NKT cells were sufficient for the development of glycolipid-induced AHR. (sinica.edu.tw)
The r-BCG elicited a specific T cells response in Balb/c mice higher than wt BCG. (unicatt.it)
The r-BCG amount used to immunise mice determined diverse Th1/Th2 equilibriums, which was not the same in spleen and Lymph Nodes. (unicatt.it)
Light microscopy revealed greater liver vacuolation in C57BL/6 mice and a nanoceria-induced decrease in BALB/c but not C57BL/6 mice vacuolation. (cdc.gov)
Nanoceria increased spleen lymphoid white pulp cell density in BALB/c but not C57BL/6 mice. (cdc.gov)
Conclusions: BALB/c mice were more responsive to nanoceria-induced effects, e.g. liver caspase-1 activation, reduced liver vacuolation, and increased spleen cell density. (cdc.gov)
Although NK precursors and immature NK cells have been identified in mice and humans, the precise sites where NK cell maturation take place are not yet fully defined. (scielo.br)
DR6 knockout mice have enhanced CD4+ T cell proliferation and Th2 cytokine production, suggested that DR6 serves as an important regulatory molecule in T-helper cell activation, and is involved in inflammation and immune regulation. (betalifesci.com)
We investigated the protective potential of PD-L1 on autoimmune diabetes by transgenically overexpressing PD-L1 in pancreatic β-cells in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. (diabetesjournals.org)
CONCLUSIONS -Our results demonstrate the protective potential of transgenic PD-L1 in autoimmune diabetes and illustrate its role in downregulating diabetogenic T-cells in NOD mice. (diabetesjournals.org)

TSLP acts on infiltrating effector T cells to drive allergic skin inflammation. (nature.com)
Loss of immune tolerance to autoantigens associated with a specific organ results in the activation of organ-specific T and B cells that in turn cause organ-specific inflammation and the development of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) ( 5 ), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) ( 6 ), psoriasis ( 7 ), and type 1 diabetes (T1D) ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
Further, it has been reported that liraglutide attenuated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and OVA-induced chronic airway inflammation. (justia.com)
Littman, D. R. & Rudensky, A. Y. Th17 and regulatory T cells in mediating and restraining inflammation. (nature.com)
This review summarizes some immunological factors involved in the development and control of this oral disease, such as: the participation of inflammatory cells in local inflammation, the synthesis of chemotaxis proteins with activation of the complement system and a range of antimicrobial peptides, such as defensins, cathelicidin and saposins. (bvsalud.org)

I found that human allergen-induced Th9 cells exhibited a strong signature of STAT5-mediated gene repression that was associated with inhibition of a Th17-like transcriptional signature. (purdue.edu)

Following T cell development , matured, naïve (meaning they have never been exposed to the antigen to which they can respond) T cells leave the thymus and begin to spread throughout the body, including the lymph nodes . (wikidoc.org)
During an immune response, professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) endocytose (absorb) foreign material (typically bacteria or viruses ), which undergoes processing , then travel from the infection site to the lymph nodes . (wikidoc.org)
Once at the lymph nodes, the APC begins to present antigen peptides that are bound to Class II MHC, allowing CD4 + T cells that express specific TcR's against the peptide/MHC complex to activate. (wikidoc.org)

Endotoxin induces the expansion of IL-1β-producing uterine DCs and, in response, more uterine ILC2s produce IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13. (elifesciences.org)
Uterine ILC2s are key immune cells during normal and complicated pregnancies. (elifesciences.org)
The finding that ILC2s play a role in the development and maturation of TH2 cells makes them interesting as a possible future therapeutic target in TH2-high individuals (29, 32). (ees2010prague.org)
ILC2s constitutively express IL-5 and are induced to secrete IL-13 under inflammatory stimuli, resulting in eotaxin production, thereby controlling eosinophil accumulation. (breathinglabs.com)

T1/ST2 (also known as IL-1 R4 or IL-33Ra) is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on mast cells and Th2 cells. (mdbioproducts.com)
Cellular distribution confirmed the presence of key cell subsets including mast cells. (authorea.com)
In asthmatic individuals, CD4 TH2 cells, CD34+ cells, mast cells, and eosinophils are major factors in the production of IL-5. (ees2010prague.org)
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a life-threate- disorders and to shed a light on the role of ning blistering skin disease in which pa- mast cells in autoimmune diseases [ 7 ]. (who.int)

Second, T cell therapies using Tregs (either polyclonal, antigen-specific, or genetically engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors) to establish active dominant immune tolerance or T cells (engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors) to delete pathogenic immune cells. (frontiersin.org)
SR1001 binds specifically to the ligand-binding domains of RORα and RORγt, inducing a conformational change within the ligand-binding domain that encompasses the repositioning of helix 12 and leads to diminished affinity for co-activators and increased affinity for co-repressors, resulting in suppression of the receptors' transcriptional activity. (nature.com)
Differential expression of the chemokine receptors by the Th1- and Th2-type effector populations within circulating CD4 + T cells. (southernbiotech.com)
Jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) generate a diverse repertoire of B and T cell antigen receptors through the rearrangement of immunoglobulin V, D, and J gene fragments, whereas jawless fish (agnathans) assemble diverse lymphocyte antigen receptor genes through the genomic rearrangement of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) - encoding molecules. (scielo.br)
Moreover, IL-5 can also impact basophil and mast cell activity, owing to the common manifestation of several important receptors (IL-5R, IL-3R, IL-4R, IL-2Ra, and GM-CSF) in these cells (22). (ees2010prague.org)
ILCs are characterized by their lack of T-cell and B-cell receptors (TCRs and BCRs, respectively) (23) and associated with cells restoration (24), the period of the initial immune response to microorganisms (25), and control of proliferation of commensal microorganisms (26). (ees2010prague.org)

We identified differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and differentially hydroxymethylated regions (DHMRs) between ILC and NK cell subsets and correlated them with transcriptional signatures. (stanford.edu)
Distinct subsets of memory T cells that exhibit unique trafficking patterns and functions have been identified. (massgeneral.org)
Distribution of relevant cell subsets was confirmed using single cell nuclear sequencing. (authorea.com)
However, clear evidence for functional NK cell subsets exists in humans and the presence of NK cells in the thymus and immature NK cells in the liver suggests specific functions for NK cells in the tissues. (scielo.br)
Lower frequencies of naive CD8+ T cells and terminally differentiated CD57+CD8+ T cell subsets at baseline (pre-OIT) are associated with SU. (stanford.edu)
2020) Thymic resident NKT cell subsets show differential requirements for CD28 co-stimulation during antigenic activation. (umaryland.edu)
A number of the immunologic abnormalities seen in SARD, including changes in peripheral B (switched memory) and T (iNKT, T regulatory, activated memory T follicular helper) subsets and B cell activation, were also seen in asymptomatic ANA + subjects and those with UCTD. (biomedcentral.com)

N418 binds to CD11c on splenic dendritic cells in the T-dependent areas of mouse spleen and precipitates a 150, 90 kDa heterodimer. (thermofisher.com)

Because the cytokine profile of Th cells is often regulated by dendritic cells (DC), we studied the modulatory effects of GA on the T cell regulatory function of human DC. (aai.org)
Dendritic cells (DC) 3 make up a family of highly specialized cells that upon activation by pathogens or their products mature into professional APC. (aai.org)
Eminent role of ICOS costimulation for T cells interacting with plasmacytoid dendritic cells. (southernbiotech.com)
B cells are the major cell population of BALT, but T cells and dendritic cells (DCs) are also present. (breathinglabs.com)
Some APCs also bind native (or unprocessed) antigens to their surface, such as follicular dendritic cells , but unprocessed antigens do not interact with T cells and are not involved in their activation. (wikidoc.org)

IL-7-induced IL-4 production is not inhibited by neutralizing antibodies to IL-4 on its receptor. (ox.ac.uk)
Based on crystallographic studies of gp120 molecules from HIV-1 and SIV and on studies of antibody structures, a number of strategies are being pursued to induce broadly neutralizing anti-gp120 antibodies. (scielo.br)

β 2 -AR agonists prevent bronchial airway smooth muscle (ASM) constriction increasing the production of cyclic AMP, the primary mediator of relaxation in the ASM cell [ 5 , 6 ]. (ersjournals.com)
For a type 2 response, we study the role of Th2-Trm in allergic asthma as we found that these cells drive many of the cardinal features of asthma following allergen re-encounter in the airway. (massgeneral.org)
Objectives: Our goal was to understand TH2 cell-independent conditions that might lead to airway hyperreactivity (AHR), a cardinal feature of asthma. (sinica.edu.tw)
TH2-high individuals are characterized by the manifestation of IL-5 and IL-13, airway hyperresponsiveness, responsiveness BIA 10-2474 to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), high serum IgE levels, and blood and airway eosinophilia. (ees2010prague.org)

There he worked with Dr. Max D. Cooper (Howard Hughes Medical Institute, National Academy of Sciences) and his research focused on cell surface proteins expressed by preB cells that regulate B cell maturation and homing. (ubc.ca)
There his work focused on transcriptional control of hematopoietic stem cell maturation and cell fate. (ubc.ca)
In lung cells, they have a role in production of IL-5, suggesting a possible effect on the development, maturation, and action of eosinophils. (ees2010prague.org)
CD4 + T cells have TcRs with an affinity for Class II MHC, and it is believed that CD4 is involved in determining MHC affinity during maturation in the thymus . (wikidoc.org)

He has delineated the function of these molecules in diverse set of biological processes including: 1) gut and kidney formation, 2) vascular permeability, 3) mucosal inflammatory disease, 4) stem cell homing and migration, and 5) epithelial tumor progression. (ubc.ca)

DC exposed to GA induce effector IL-4-secreting Th2 cells and enhanced levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. (aai.org)
The anti-inflammatory effect of GA is mediated via DC as GA does not affect the polarization patterns of naive Th cells activated in an APC-free system. (aai.org)
Fibrotic livers are characterized by an inflammatory microenvironment that is composed of various immunologically active cells, including liver-resident populations (e.g. (mdpi.com)
AM are considered anti-inflammatory cells with an important role in phagocytosis of particulate matter, dying cells, and cellular debris, maintaining immune homeostasis through the production of TGF-β and subsequent induction of FoxP3 regulatory T cells (Treg). (breathinglabs.com)
CD117 by immunohistochemical methods sion molecules, involved in cell-cell and in order to clarify the role of the infiltrating cell matrix interactions and thought to take inflammatory cells in the pathomechanisms part in cell motility [ 2,3 ]. (who.int)

Likewise, blockade of IL-2/STAT5 signaling increased IL-17 and RORγt expression in murine Th9 cells in vitro . (purdue.edu)
Additionally, I found that murine Th9 cells cultured in a low IL-2 environment had reduced IL-9 production and a diminished NF-kB-associated transcriptional signature, suggesting that IL-2 signaling is associated with NF-kB activation in Th9 cells. (purdue.edu)
SR1001 inhibited the development of murine T H 17 cells, as demonstrated by inhibition of interleukin-17A gene expression and protein production. (nature.com)
Mouse T1/ST2 (IL-33 R) PE conjugated monoclonal antibody (Clone DJ8, Host / Isotype Subclass: Rat IgG1, light chain not isotyped) for the identification and purification of murine T helper 2 (Th2). (mdbioproducts.com)
Methods: We examined a murine model of experimental asthma in which AHR was induced with glycolipid antigens, which activate natural killer T (NKT) cells. (sinica.edu.tw)
In an excellent issue, J.P. Di SANTO focuses on murine NK cells, although parallels to human NK cell biology are also made. (scielo.br)

Cell function analysis was used to examine the impact of cancer-associated fibroblast subtypes on cancer cell phenotype. (bvsalud.org)
Several studies have clearly demonstrated that distinct cytokine activated signalling and transcription factors regulate the commitment of a naïve T cell along the Th1 or T helper cell type 2 (Th2) phenotype, as well as maintenance of the polarised phenotype. (bmj.com)
This reduction might likely be explained by the specific T cells phenotype and setting existing before MTB challenge, induced by either the single or the triple dose of r-BCG. (unicatt.it)

Animal modeling and human mechanistic data are summarized to support the view that vitamin D probably influences thymic negative selection, effector Th1 and Th17 pathogenesis and responsiveness to extrinsic cell death signals, FoxP3 + CD4 + T-regulatory cell and CD4 + T-regulatory cell type 1 (Tr1) cell functions, and a Th1-Tr1 switch. (frontiersin.org)
Research on vitamin D regulation of thymocyte selection, Th1 and Th17 cells, T-cell programed cell death, and T-regulatory (Treg) cells is summarized and integrated into model mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
Th17 cell may have a role in severe asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (cdc.gov)

Atherosclerotic Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and the Interaction Between Autologous Human Plaque-Derived Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells, Type-1 NKT, and Helper T-Cells Chan, W.L. et al. (mdbioproducts.com)
CD4 + T cells are generally treated as having a pre-defined role as helper T cells within the immune system , although there are known rare exceptions. (wikidoc.org)
Helper T cells recognize these, with the help of their expression of CD4 co-receptor ( CD4+ ). (wikidoc.org)
The importance of helper T cells can be seen from HIV , a virus that infects cells that are CD4 + (including helper T cells). (wikidoc.org)

Specifically, TOX was expressed remarkably in Tfh, Th1, Treg cells, and other non-Tfh unidentified Th cells, as well as Th2 cells in the lungs. (purdue.edu)
Vitamin D generated in tissues is responsible for many of the immunomodulatory actions of vitamin D. The effects of vitamin D within the lungs include increased secretion of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin, decreased chemokine production, inhibition of dendritic cell activation and alteration of T cell activation. (vitamindwiki.com)
Studies have shown that the enzyme 1a- hydroxylase, which catalyzes the last and rate limiting step in the synthesis of active 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D), and the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which mediates the actions of vitamin D, are expressed widely in the body, including the lungs and cells of the immune system. (vitamindwiki.com)
Conventional pertussis animal models deliver hundreds of thousands of Bordetella pertussis bacteria deep into the lungs, rapidly inducing severe pneumonic pathology and a robust immune response. (cdc.gov)
High-dose pneumonic inoculations have provided several experimental benefits, including consistent colonization and growth of bacteria in the lungs, which induces severe pathology. (cdc.gov)
Delivery of large numbers of bacteria deep in the lungs predictably induces a vigorous and quantifiable immune response that begins to control infection within 2-3 weeks, reducing bacteria numbers below detectable levels within about 1 month ( 6 , 24 ) and providing an experimental system in which to develop and test vaccines to protect against such severe disease. (cdc.gov)

In this review, we summarized the progression of the neuroimmune response in PD based on recent studies and focused on the use of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy and challenges as a strategy of disease-modifying therapy with multiple targets. (biomedcentral.com)

The use of this model may help to highlight the capacity of different M. tuberculosis antigens to induce a protective immune response, actually not necessarily embodied by an increased frequency of Antigen-specific effector memory T cells. (unicatt.it)
B cells The immune system consists of cellular components and molecular components that work together to destroy antigens. (msdmanuals.com)

Cancer-associated fibroblast subtypes with high ACTA2 plus PDPN expression levels significantly increased gastric cancer cell migration, invasion, and proliferation. (bvsalud.org)
Moreover, IL-7 potentiates the effects of CD28 co-stimulation on both naive CD4+ cell proliferation and subsequent IL-4 production. (ox.ac.uk)
and T-cell proliferation, adoptive transfer, and islet transplantation were performed to evaluate the PD-L1 transgene-mediated immune-protective mechanisms. (diabetesjournals.org)

This stabilizing regulatory loop itself is induced by the Bmal1/Clock heterodimer, which induces transcription of RORα and REV-ERBα. (wikipedia.org)
Third, IL-2 therapies aiming at expanding immunosuppressive regulatory T cells in vivo . (frontiersin.org)
Mechanisms of peripheral tolerance include inactivation of autoantigen-recognizing T and B cells by the induction of apoptosis, anergy or conversion into immunosuppressive regulatory cells. (frontiersin.org)
In addition, suppressor immune cells such as FOXP3 + regulatory T cells (Tregs) exert dominant immune suppression to control autoreactive T and B cells. (frontiersin.org)
Transcriptional Control of Regulatory T Cells in Cancer: Toward Therapeutic Targeting? (mdpi.com)

Remarkably, Clec4a4+ eosinophils were instructed by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand-activated transcription factor that imprints many gut immune cells. (stanford.edu)
I have been also interested in the role of other Th cells subtypes in myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy, mainly Th2 driven eosinophilic myocarditis and role of eosinophils as well as innate lymphoid cells type 2 in the disease pathogenesis. (jhmi.edu)

NK cells coordinate tumor immunosurveillance and the immune response against pathogens. (scielo.br)

Transcriptomic profiling of T-cell populations in non-muscle invasive and muscle invasive bladder cancer. (lu.se)

Transcriptomics analyses using bulk RNA-seq revealed that TOX minimally alters s gene expression, however it revealed for the first time, that TOX induced genes associated with cell migration i.e. (purdue.edu)
Peripheral blood cellular immunological changes were assessed by flow cytometry and transcript levels of BAFF , interferon (IFN)-induced and plasma cell-expressed genes were quantified by NanoString. (biomedcentral.com)

Currently a major emphasis of my research lab is to study respiratory-virus induced epithelial barrier dysfunction, that may be associated with virally-induced asthma exacerbations. (rochester.edu)
IL-33 is predominantly produced by epithelial cells in response to protease containing aeroallergens and its release is mediated by dual oxidase 1 (DUOX1). (justia.com)

Relation between house-dust endotoxin exposure, type 1 T-cell development, and allergen sensitisation in infants at high risk of asthma. (southernbiotech.com)
Conclusion: Because plant pollens, house dust, and some bacteria contain glycolipids that can directly activate NKT cells, these studies suggest that AHR and asthma can fully develop or be greatly enhanced through innate immune mechanisms involving IL-33, natural helper cells, and NKT cells. (sinica.edu.tw)

Peripheral tolerance evolved to counteract autoantigen-recognizing T or B cells that escape central tolerance. (frontiersin.org)
Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 51 children (32 asthmatics, 19 healthy controls), participating in the 2-year multinational PreDicta cohort were cultured with bacterial (Bacterial-DNA, LPS) or viral (R848, Poly:IC, RV) stimuli. (authorea.com)
The other compartment comprises BACs, obtained through broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from the peripheral airways contain AMs, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), and DCs, which protect against inhaled pathogens, toxicants, and allergens. (breathinglabs.com)

The developmental branching points between several lymphoid and myeloid lineages are still controversial, and little is known about how their diversification is induced. (scielo.br)
Similarly, destruction of neonatally abundant pluripotent stem cells would likely have a more pervasive outcome than destruction of The value of incorporating immunologic appeared more severe and/or persistent when single lineages or differentiated cells that pre- data for the toxicologic assessment of drugs, the exposure occurred perinatally when com- dominate in adults. (cdc.gov)

GLP-1 has a role in glycemic control by inducing glucose-dependent insulin secretion from β-cells and inhibiting glucagon release from α-cells in the pancreas. (justia.com)

Growth in IL-7 also increases IL-2-induced production of interferon (IFN)-gamma and IL-10 production. (ox.ac.uk)

unexpectedly, this effect was even more pronounced in acute than in chronic AIA, underlining the essential role of CD4+ T-cells in the acute phase of experimental arthritis. (irpa2006europe.com)

Interleukin-7 activates human naive CD4+ cells and primes for interleukin-4 production. (ox.ac.uk)
Interleukin (IL)-4 is considered to be essential for T helper (Th)2 cell development, yet in areas of primary T cell activation, CD4+ cells are its only source. (ox.ac.uk)

For instance, DC that have been activated by intracellular pathogens or their compounds, commit CD4 + Th cells to become protective IFN-γ-producing effector Th1 cells. (aai.org)
The bi-stable switch would enable T cells to integrate signals from pathogens, hormones, cell-cell interactions, and soluble mediators and respond in a biologically appropriate manner. (frontiersin.org)
Areas of interest included the role of resident memory T cells in the lung in response to allergens in the asthmatic lung and to respiratory viral pathogens, such as SARS-CoV-2 and influenza, as well to vaccination. (massgeneral.org)
they cannot kill infected host (also known as somatic ) cells or pathogens , and without other immune cells they would usually be considered useless against an infection. (wikidoc.org)

His laboratory has followed two primary interests: 1) the transcription factor networks that regulate fate determination in various cells that make blood, and 2) the cell surface proteins expressed by hematopoietic stem cells that and allow them to communicate with their microenvironment. (ubc.ca)

Human Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma-Associated Semaphorin 4D Induces Expansion of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells. (umaryland.edu)

We propose that in conjunction with CD28 co-stimulation, IL-7 induces the initial expression of IL-4 production and that IL-4 acts subsequently to expand Th2 cytokine-producing cells at the appropriate anatomical site. (ox.ac.uk)
ANA production is associated with altered T and B cell activation even in asymptomatic individuals. (biomedcentral.com)

Studies on SARS-CoV-2 in the lab focus on strategies to increase the breadth and cross-reactivity of the T and B cell response to vaccination to generate a pan coronavirus vaccine. (massgeneral.org)

Bile acid-sensitive tuft cells regulate biliary neutrophil influx. (mdbioproducts.com)

Function of T helper cells: Antigen presenting cells ( APCs ) present antigen on their Class II MHC molecules ( MHC2 ). (wikidoc.org)
Class II MHC proteins are generally only found on the surface of professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs). (wikidoc.org)

Therefore, systemic rather than local effects on the TH1/TH2 balance appear to underlie the therapeutic efficacy of anti-CD4 treatment (R)-Lansoprazole in AIA. (irpa2006europe.com)

Next, an overview of several current models of hematopoietic lineage trees to identify developmental branching points between the lymphoid and myeloid cell compartments is discussed. (scielo.br)

Background: Food-induced immediate response of the esophagus (FIRE) is a new phenomenon that has been described in eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) patients. (authorea.com)

However, the role of TOX in non-Tfh CD4+ T cells in the periphery has not been addressed. (purdue.edu)
This work reveals a novel role for IL-7 in the primary activation of CD4+ cells. (ox.ac.uk)
2022) Effective Barriers: The Role of NKT Cells and Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Gut. (umaryland.edu)
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in the lung play a role in immunosurveillance and infection control. (breathinglabs.com)
It is this diversity in function and their role in influencing other cells that gives T helper cells their name. (wikidoc.org)

Anatomy10

Organisms4

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs20

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Phenomena and Processes3

Humanities6

Cytokines30

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells4

Differentiation22

Responses26

Subset9

Lymphocytes8

Organs9

ILC27

Macrophages9

Tissue14

Immunity6

Mice14

Inflammation5

Allergen-induced1

Lymph nodes3

ILC2s4

Mast cells4

Receptors6

Subsets7

Spleen1

Dendritic cells5

Antibodies2

Airway4

Maturation4

Mucosal1

Inflammatory5

Murine6

Phenotype3

Th173

Helper T cel4

Lungs6

Mesenchymal stem1

Antigens2

Proliferation3

Regulatory5

Eosinophils2

Immune response1

Populations1

Genes2

Epithelial2

Asthma2

Peripheral3

Lineages2

Secretion1

Interferon1

Chronic1

Interleukin2

Pathogens4

Transcription factor1

Suppressor Cells1

Production2

Vaccine1

Regulate1

Antigen prese2

Systemic1

Myeloid1

Eosinophilic1

Role5