• Using a β-hexosaminidase release assay, several drugs were seen to cause mast cell degranulation in vitro in comparison with unstimulated cells, but only morphine, vancomycin and cisatracurium specifically triggered this receptor, as assessed by the release of β-hexosaminidase in the control versus the MRGPRX2-silenced cells. (cun.es)
  • Physical examination findings may be highly variable in patients with exercise-induced anaphylaxis or food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. (medscape.com)
  • In an attack of acute exercise-induced anaphylaxis or food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis, as with anaphylaxis in general, the focus should be on acute resuscitation and the emergency ABCs (airway, breathing, circulation). (medscape.com)
  • A distinct subset of exercise-induced anaphylaxis is food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA), in which anaphylaxis develops only if physical activity occurs within a few hours after eating a specific food. (medscape.com)
  • The foods most commonly implicated in food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis are wheat, shellfish, tomatoes, peanuts, and corn. (medscape.com)
  • [ 7 ] In the nonspecific form of food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis, eating any food prior to exercise induces anaphylaxis. (medscape.com)
  • Prevention remains the best treatment for patients with exercise-induced anaphylaxis (see Treatment and Management). (medscape.com)
  • Vigorous forms of physical activity such as jogging, tennis, dancing, and bicycling are more commonly associated with exercise-induced anaphylaxis, although lower levels of exertion (eg, walking and yard work) are also capable of triggering attacks. (medscape.com)
  • In a long-term follow-up study, the physical activity most often associated with exercise-induced anaphylaxis was jogging. (medscape.com)
  • The finding that sensitized mast cells which had adhered to Con A-Sepharose beads degranulated in regions of the cell away from the area of bead contact if exposed to soluble Con A excluded the possibility that the localized release was due to a redistribution of the IgE receptors or putative Ca2+ channels to the region of bead contact. (rupress.org)
  • In microglia, P2X7 receptors are found mostly on the cell surface. (wikipedia.org)
  • On T cells activation of P2X7 receptors can activate the T cells or cause T cell differentiation, can affect T cell migration or (at high extracellular levels of ATP and/or NAD+) can induce cell death. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our results suggest that purine and pyrimidine nucleotides act via nucleotide receptors, the nucleotide specificity of which is different from nucleotide receptors in other cell types. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • The aim of the present study was to investigate whether RFamides of the NPFF group are expressed in the gastrointestinal tract and to identify possible targets and receptors that might be involved in RFamide-associated mast cell modulation. (uantwerpen.be)
  • To this end, the expression and distribution patterns of NPFF/AF receptors and the NPFF precursor protein were determined in bone marrow-derived mucosal mast cells (BMMCs) by immunocytochemistry and (RT-) PCR. (uantwerpen.be)
  • MCs express receptors for both estrogen and progesterone that induce degranulation upon binding. (frontiersin.org)
  • They can be activated rapidly via germ-line encoded receptors that recognize the presence of stress ligands or absence of self-antigens on target cells ( 1 - 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • ATP, released by cells, is rapidly metabolized by extracellular nucleotidases to adenosine, a potent signaling molecule that can activate several cell surface receptors to produce myriad effects on both parenchymal and immune cells throughout the body (Figure 1 ). (jci.org)
  • Adenosine can act at 4 different 7-transmembrane, G-protein-coupled receptors present on the surfaces of both infiltrating leukocytes and resident parenchymal cells. (jci.org)
  • Natural killer (NK) cells, with inhibitory and activating receptors, play unique roles in AXR by promoting graft rejection or tolerance. (iupui.edu)
  • Adenosine causes nonselective activation of four different receptors, including A2A-mediated vasodilation of the coronary microcirculation and 'off target' A2B receptor-mediated mast cell degranulation and bronchial constriction. (rcpe.ac.uk)
  • Recent evidence indicates that RFamides act as mediators in mast cell-sensory nerve communications related to allergic disease. (uantwerpen.be)
  • Chloroquine phosphate (CP) is an antimalarial medication that, upon injection subcutaneously, promotes a robust itch response thought to be primarily due to triggering mast cell degranulation and a subsequent elevation of inflammatory cytokines as well as other itch-producing mediators (Aghahowa et al. (gasyblog.com)
  • Within an hour of UVR exposure, mast cells release preformed mediators including histamine, serotonin, and tumor necrosis factor, leading to prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis. (medscape.com)
  • 12 However, the antagonism of histamine or serotonin, two important mast cell mediators, only partially reduce postoperative nociception, indicating that other mast cell components must be involved. (asahq.org)
  • Mast cells and eicosanoid mediators: a system of reciprocal paracrine and autocrine regulation. (thieme-connect.com)
  • The World Allergy Organization defines "anaphylaxis" as an acute, potentially lethal, multisystem syndrome resulting from the sudden release of mast cell and basophil-derived mediators into the circulation. (worldallergy.org)
  • In allergic rhinitis, cross-linking of IgE molecules upon allergen contact induces degranulation of mast cells and basophils within the mucosal tissue and results in the release of typical mediators, which consecutively induce the well-known symptoms. (nih.gov)
  • Asthma results from complex interactions among inflammatory cells, their mediators, airway epithelium and smooth muscle, and the nervous system. (medscape.com)
  • A spectrum of primary, secondary, and idiopathic disorders involving MAST CELLS and characterized by an aberrant release of mast cell mediators which result in multiple and variable inflammatory and allergic symptoms. (bvsalud.org)
  • The activation of these cells leads to the release of chemical mediators such as histamine and arachidonic acid metabolites, which increase vascular permeability and tissue swelling 9 . (bvsalud.org)
  • NC/Nga mice were subcutaneously injected with mite allergen (Dp) to induce AD-like skin lesions (ADSLs), and an application of 0.2% (w/v) benzalkonium chloride (BZK), 10% (w/v) povidone-iodine (PVP-I), 80% (v/v) ethanol (Et-OH), or 0.5% (v/v) chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) was applied to the ear envelope. (medsci.org)
  • Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), a form of delayed-type hypersensitivity, is a typical T-cell-mediated skin inflammatory response that occurs after cutaneous exposure to an allergen. (aspetjournals.org)
  • In particular, following first application to the skin, epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) take up the allergen, process it, and migrate toward the regional lymph nodes, where the antigen is presented to naïve T cells, which, once activated, migrate toward peripheral tissues. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Neuropeptide AF induces piecemeal degranulation in murine mucosal mast cells : a new mediator in neuro-immune communication in the intestinal lamina propria? (uantwerpen.be)
  • 2016). Enrichment of IFN-γ producing cells in different murine adipose tissue depots upon infection with an apicomplexan parasite . (up.pt)
  • Here, we use a murine model in which the E7 protein of HPV16 is expressed as a transgene in epithelium to show that mast cells are recruited to the basal layer of E7-expressing epithelium, and that this recruitment is dependent on the epithelial hyperproliferation induced by E7 by inactivating Rb dependent cell cycle regulation. (figshare.com)
  • Furthermore, we performed in vitro experiments on murine macrophage cell lines (RAW 264-7 cells) to quantify nitrite/nitrate and cytokine production and on V79-4 cells to verify cell proliferation/migration. (bvsalud.org)
  • Exercise-induced anaphylaxis (EIA) is a rare disorder in which anaphylaxis occurs after physical activity. (medscape.com)
  • Premonitory symptoms of exercise-induced anaphylaxis attacks include diffuse warmth, pruritus, erythema, and sweating. (medscape.com)
  • Sheffer and Austen described 4 phases in the sequence of the anaphylaxis attack-prodromal, early, fully established, and late-in a case series of 16 patients aged 12-54 years with exercise-induced anaphylaxis. (medscape.com)
  • Nonimmunologic anaphylaxis" is caused by agents or events that induce sudden, massive mast cell or basophil degranulation in the absence of immunoglobulins. (worldallergy.org)
  • Exercise-induced anaphylaxis attacks are not consistently elicited by the same type and intensity of physical activity in a given patient. (medscape.com)
  • Inhalant allergens have also been implicated in exercise-induced anaphylaxis. (medscape.com)
  • In a case report, a 14-year-old boy presented with severe exercise-induced anaphylaxis after the ingestion of Penicillium mold-contaminated food and running in the school. (medscape.com)
  • [ 9 ] In another case report, a 16-year-old girl presented with exercise-induced anaphylaxis after ingestion of wheat flour contaminated with storage mites. (medscape.com)
  • Familial exercise-induced anaphylaxis has been described in patients with a family history of exercise-induced anaphylaxis and atopy. (medscape.com)
  • Theophylline inhibits PDE isoenzyme activities and functions of inflammatory cells with similar potency, and exhibits higher functional efficacy as compared to rolipram. (ersjournals.com)
  • BZK induced a significant increase in the severity of the clinical score, infiltration of inflammatory cells, local expression of inflammatory cytokines in subcutaneous tissue, and total serum immunoglobulin (Ig) E. PVP-I increased the clinical score, number of mast cells, and production of inflammatory cytokines, and total serum IgE. (medsci.org)
  • Et-OH increased the clinical score and number of inflammatory cells, but showed no effect on serum IgE levels. (medsci.org)
  • Previous studies have indicated that organic chemicals extracted from DEP result in induction of apoptosis 11 , increase oxidative stress 12 , and induce the production of inflammatory cells 13 - 15 through the release of pro-inflammatory molecules in vitro 15 , 16 . (ersjournals.com)
  • The current authors have recently shown that PQ induces recruitment of inflammatory cells, such as eosinophils and neutrophils, into the lung with the lung expression of pro-inflammatory molecules such as interleukin (IL)-5 and eotaxin in vivo 24 . (ersjournals.com)
  • Subsequent studies described a VEGFR2 and AC133 expressing subpopulation of these CD34 positive circulating cells that could form endothelial colonies in vitro [ 14 , 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Methods This study used human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors and in vitro co-culture of MM cells and BM stromal cells to recapitulate the resistant BM niche. (bmj.com)
  • Cannabinoid type-2 (CB 2 ) receptor activation was shown to reduce the production of the monocyte chemotactic protein-2 (MCP-2) chemokine in polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly-(I:C)]-stimulated human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells, an in vitro model of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). (aspetjournals.org)
  • In vitro studies based on MCF-7 cell proliferation and induction of vitellogenin in primary culture of rainbow trout hepatocytes. (cdc.gov)
  • Because alcohol blocks airway epithelial cell release of IL-6 in vitro , we hypothesized that alcohol exposure would alter mouse lung inflammatory responses to HDE. (cdc.gov)
  • arr2-KO mice display less of a response to KOR antagonist-induced itch compared to wild types, however no genotype differences are observed from chloroquine phosphate (CP)-induced itch, suggesting that the antagonists may utilize a KOR-arrestin2 dependent mechanism. (gasyblog.com)
  • The Spiramycin KOR agonist U50,488H was equally effective in both WT and arr2-KO mice in suppressing CP-induced itch. (gasyblog.com)
  • 3.3 Chloroquine phosphate-induced pruritus Spiramycin results in no genotype differences in arr2-WT and arr2-KO mice To test whether the WT and arr2-KO mice are equally capable of expressing an itch response, we tested a general pruritic agent that is not known to be an antagonist at the KOR. (gasyblog.com)
  • it is often used to induce a model of pruritus in mice (Akiyama et al. (gasyblog.com)
  • 2016). Celecoxib promotes degranulation of CD8+T cells in HPV-induced lesions of K14-HPV16 transgenic mice . (up.pt)
  • 2013). Mucosal and systemic T cell response in mice intragastrically infected with Neospora caninum tachyzoites . (up.pt)
  • Previous studies in mice demonstrated that mast cells (MCs) not only contribute to P. aeruginosa eradication but also promote wound healing via an unknown mechanism. (listlabs.com)
  • To study the pharmacogenetic mechanism(s), we have investigated glibenclamide-induced insulin secretion, glibenclamide clearance from the blood, and glibenclamide metabolism in wild-type and Hnf-1α-deficient mice. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • We show that despite a profound defect in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, diabetic Hnf-1α −/− mice have a robust glibenclamide-induced insulin secretory response. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Genetic mutation and pharmacological inhibition of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) both have been shown to prevent the development of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice, providing a rationale for the development of Btk inhibitors for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA). (aspetjournals.org)
  • Pulmonary exposure to NQ dose-dependently aggravated antigen-related airway inflammation, as characterised by infiltration of eosinophils and lymphocytes around the airways and an increase in goblet cells in the bronchial epithelium. (ersjournals.com)
  • DEP enhance the antigen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E response 5 , 6 and aggravate airway inflammation induced by repetitive intratracheal instillation of antigen in vivo 7 - 10 . (ersjournals.com)
  • Estradiol and progesterone regulate the migration of mast cells from the periphery to the uterus and induce their maturation and degranulation. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Our results demonstrated high potential of IL-15 for NK cell expansion, while IL-21 triggered NK cell maturation and functionality. (frontiersin.org)
  • UVR exposure also suppresses cutaneous cell-mediated immunity, which might contribute to nonmelanoma skin cancer and certain infections. (medscape.com)
  • [ 11 ] Seven males from 3 generations were described with cutaneous and respiratory symptoms induced by physical activity. (medscape.com)
  • Thus, our findings suggest that mast cells, recruited towards CCL2 and CCL5 expressed by epithelium induced to proliferate by E7, may contribute to an immunosuppressive environment that enables the persistence of HPV E7 protein induced pre-cancerous lesions. (figshare.com)
  • HPV16-induced skin lesions and their inflammatory infiltrates were studied histologically. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Conclusion: COX2 expression in HPV16-induced lesions may be modulated by nutraceuticals, reducing tumor-associated inflammation. (iiarjournals.org)
  • As observed for CD69-mediated T cell activation, platelet activation through CD69 requires molecular crosslinking. (nih.gov)
  • Nano-scaled cerium oxide induces platelet activation in vivo. (cdc.gov)
  • The P2X7 receptor also serves as a pattern recognition receptor for extracellular ATP-mediated apoptotic cell death, regulation of receptor trafficking, mast cell degranulation, and inflammation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The P2X7 receptor is a ligand-gated cation channel that opens in response to ATP binding and leads to cell depolarization. (wikipedia.org)
  • Glutathione has been proposed to act as a P2X7 receptor agonist when present at milimolar levels, inducing calcium transients and GABA release from retinal cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Conserved cysteine residues located in the carboxyl terminus seem to be important for receptor trafficking to the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • Activation of the P2X7 receptor by ATP leads to recruitment of pannexin pores which allow small molecules such as ATP to leak out of cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Previous work by our group has shown that the expression levels of some members of the Mas-related gene receptor (Mrgpr) family in both enteric neurons and mucosal mast cells change during intestinal inflammation. (uantwerpen.be)
  • 16 , 17 Tryptase works by cleaving a specific site on the extracellular N-terminal domain of the receptor and releases a new N-terminal domain for the receptor, which acts as a tethered ligand by binding to the second extracellular loop of the receptor to induce intracellular signaling. (asahq.org)
  • Upon culture in endothelial growth media, these cells expressed endothelial lineage markers, such as CD31, Tie2, and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), and incorporated into blood vessels in ischemic tissues. (hindawi.com)
  • Yen ML, Su JL, Chien CL , Tseng KW, Yang CY, Chen WF, Chang CC, and Kuo ML. Diosgenin induces HIF-1 activation and angiogenesis through estrogen receptor-related PI3K/Akt and p38 MAPK pathways in osteoblasts. (ntu.edu.tw)
  • Recently, mast cell receptor MRGPRX2 has been identified as a cause of pseudo-allergic drug reactions. (cun.es)
  • Estos trastornos se asocian a diversas mutaciones en el receptor tirosina-cinasa KIT (PROTEÍNAS PROTOONCOGÉNICAS C-KIT) y en otros genes, afecciones subyacentes y respuestas a desencadenantes alérgicos o no alérgicos de la estimulación y la desgranulación de los mastocitos, tales como anestésicos locales, antibióticos lactámicos, relajantes musculares, alimentos específicos, toxinas ambientales y situaciones físicas tales como la vibración, el frío, la presión y el estrés. (bvsalud.org)
  • As nucleotides are released from cells under physiological and pathological conditions, they may play roles as intercellular signal molecules in neutrophil activation. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • Methods: This study aims to demonstrate the use of HLA class I molecules in inducing human NK cell tolerance. (iupui.edu)
  • The cellular levels of endocannabinoids [anandamide (AEA), 2-arachidonoylglycerol] and related molecules (palmitoylethanolamide, oleoylethanolamide) were quantified in poly-(I:C)-stimulated HaCaT cells treated with CBD. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Concanavalin A (Con A) covalently linked to Sepharose 4B beads induced localized degranulation of sensitized rat peritoneal mast cells in regions of contact between beads and cells. (rupress.org)
  • In addition to histamine and serotonin, mast cell degranulation releases tryptase, which has been demonstrated to be an important pronociceptive protease related to some painful diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome. (asahq.org)
  • Urticaria results from the release of histamine, bradykinin, kallikrein, and other vasoactive substances from mast cells and basophils in the superficial dermis, resulting in intradermal edema caused by capillary and venous vasodilation and occasionally caused by leukocyte infiltration. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The close association between mast cells and nerves in peripheral tissues, and the fact that large amounts of tryptase are released upon mast cell degranulation, makes tryptase an ideal candidate to activate PAR-2 on peripheral neurons. (asahq.org)
  • Phophodiesterase (PDE) isoenzyme profiles of human cell preparations and tissues have been analysed by a semiquantitative method using selective PDE inhibitors and activators. (ersjournals.com)
  • In general, the pathophysiology underlying eosinophilic fasciitis is postulated to involve an inflammatory response resulting in an activated inflammatory cell infiltrate of affected tissues and subsequent dysregulation of extracellular matrix production by lesional fibroblasts. (medscape.com)
  • In the tissues, the end effector cell of fibrosis is the fibroblast. (medscape.com)
  • which results from mast cell and basophil activation in the deeper dermis and subcutaneous tissues and manifests as edema of the face and lips, extremities, or genitals. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In this investigation we sought to answer the question concerning the presence of mast cells in human and rat dental pulp tissues, under normal and inflammatory conditions. (bvsalud.org)
  • Further functional analyses revealed enhanced degranulation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α. (frontiersin.org)
  • E7 induced epithelial hyperplasia is associated with increased epidermal secretion of CCL2 and CCL5 chemokines, which attract mast cells to the skin. (figshare.com)
  • Clinical studies in humans indicate that β-cell dysfunction in MODY3 patients leads to a defect in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion that is responsible for chronic hyperglycemia ( 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Elevations of extracellular adenosine are present in the asthmatic lung due to both increased release of ATP from cells and inhibition of ADA by local hypoxia. (jci.org)
  • HDE-induced lung inflammatory aggregates clearly present in the tissue from HDE only exposed animals were not visually detectable in the HDE/alcohol co-exposure group. (cdc.gov)
  • In: Mast Cells: Phenotypic features, biological functions, and role in immunity. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Myeloid cells promote tumor growth by stimulating tumor angiogenesis, suppressing tumor immunity, and promoting metastasis to distinct sites. (hindawi.com)
  • Th)1 cells.5 Meanwhile, the function and immunity of with genetic predisposition, involving multiple cells, DCs are closely regulated by miRNAs. (cdc.gov)
  • The principal injury responsible for sunburn is direct damage to DNA by UVR, resulting in inflammation and apoptosis of skin cells. (medscape.com)
  • 13 ] isolated mononuclear cells from human peripheral blood that were enriched for expression of the hematopoietic stem cell marker CD34 [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Genetically modified pECs were co-cultured with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) for E:T ratio of 10:1 for 2 hours. (iupui.edu)
  • Viallard et al demonstrated that, when stimulated, peripheral blood mononuclear cells of eosinophilic fasciitis patients produce significantly higher amounts of five cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-5 and interferon (IFN)-gamma. (medscape.com)
  • In conclusion, MRGPRX2 is a candidate for consideration in non-IgE-mediated allergic reactions to some perioperative drugs, reinforcing its role in mast cell responses and their pathophysiology. (cun.es)
  • In addition there is a lack of information regarding the presence of mast cells in dental pulp of rats, which are animals used to study important aspects of the pathophysiology of dental pulp in vivo 6 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Mast-cell-leukocyte cytokine cascades in allergic inflammation. (thieme-connect.com)
  • MM cells co-cultured with BM stromal cells displayed resistance to reovirus-induced oncolysis and bystander cytokine-killing but remained susceptible to killing by reovirus-activated NK cells and MM-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (bmj.com)
  • Taken together, the findings of these studies suggest a mechanistic framework marked by a proinflammatory and fibrogenic cytokine response with resultant tissue inflammatory cell infiltration. (medscape.com)
  • Additionally, alcohol inhibits the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), via the p38 ERK1/2 MAPK pathway [ 9 ]. (cdc.gov)
  • The concept that disease rooted principally in chronic aberrant constitutive and reactive activation of mast cells (MCs), without the gross MC neoplasia in mastocytosis, first emerged in the 1980s, but only in the last decade has recognition of "mast cell activation syndrome" (MCAS) grown significantly. (degruyter.com)
  • In the case of chronic multisystem polymorbidity systemic mast cell activation disease should be considered as a differential diagnosis at an early stage. (thieme-connect.com)
  • To induce chronic ulcers, used acetic acid and treated the animals for seven days. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is usually an acute but sometimes a chronic mast cell-mediated reaction caused by exposure to a drug (eg, angiotensin-converting. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In this study, we analyse the ability of certain drugs used during perioperative procedures and anaesthesia to induce MRGPRX2-dependent degranulation in human mast cells and sera from patients who experienced an anaphylactoid reaction during the perioperative procedure. (cun.es)
  • The degranulation ability of these sera decreased when MRGPRX2 was silenced. (cun.es)
  • LAD2 cells) endogenously expressing MRGPRX2. (listlabs.com)
  • Murepavadin also caused degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells expressing MRGPRX2 but this response was significantly reduced in cells expressing missense variants within the receptor's ligand binding (G165E) or G protein coupling (V282M) domains. (listlabs.com)
  • Finally, we will comment on the mechanisms regulating myeloid cell recruitment to the tumor microenvironment and on the potential of myeloid cells as new targets for cancer therapy. (hindawi.com)
  • A few of these inflammatory responses, such as inflammatory cell recruitment, can be modulated by alcohol exposure [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. (cdc.gov)
  • This effect was associated with Ca2+ influx and platelet degranulation, as revealed by adenosine triphosphate release. (nih.gov)
  • Extracellular adenosine is produced predominantly by the metabolism of ATP released from cells. (jci.org)
  • Background Adenosine is frequently used during coronary angiography to induce hyperaemia and allow operators to perform quantitative measurements of lesion severity. (rcpe.ac.uk)
  • 1 For practical purposes, maximal hyperaemia is typically induced using systemic administration of adenosine (rather than exercise). (rcpe.ac.uk)
  • Whereas the chemotactic peptide, N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMet-Leu-Phe), induced NADPH-oxidase-catalyzed superoxide (O2-) formation in human neutrophils, purine and pyrimidine nucleotides per se did not stimulate NADPH oxidase but enhanced O2- formation induced by submaximally and maximally stimulatory concentrations of fMet-Leu-Phe up to fivefold. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • In contrast, nucleotides per se induced aggregation of neutrophils. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • The innate immune system is mainly composed of myeloid lineage cells, such as macrophages, neutrophils, and mast cells [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Although tumor cells were first thought to drive the cellular events underpinning tumor angiogenesis and growth, considerable evidence has now emerged for the central role of tumor infiltrating myeloid cells such as monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils in this phenomenon [ 8 - 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Consistently, we found that platelets isolated from nCeO2-treated rats released significantly more TGFbeta1 than those isolated from control animals, indicating degranulation of these cells and suggesting that platelets may be contributing to nCeO2-induced fibrosis and CVD. (cdc.gov)
  • Mori et al suggested that an autocrine stimulatory loop involving major basic protein, a product of eosinophil degranulation, IL-6, which enhances collagen production and is induced my major basic protein, and TGF-beta could account for the progressive fibrosis seen in several eosinophil prominent disorders. (medscape.com)
  • CD69 stimulation by anti-Leu-23 monoclonal antibodies induced platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent fashion. (nih.gov)
  • Besides surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, immune activation by direct application of cytokines, antibodies or adoptive cell therapy are promising approaches. (frontiersin.org)
  • The elimination of major xenoantigens in pig cells prevents hyperacute xenograft rejection (HXR), driven by preformed antibodies. (iupui.edu)
  • When fluorochrome conjugated antibodies are bound to BD® CompBeads, they have spectral properties very similar to cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • To address these knowledge gaps, rats were intratracheally instilled with 3.5 mg/kg nCeO2 and plasma samples were analyzed 28 days after treatment to identify potential biomarkers of such nCeO2-induced disorders. (cdc.gov)
  • 1989. Hexachlorobenzene-induced hyperthyroidism and osteosclerosis in rats. (cdc.gov)
  • Our results showed that inflamed and non-inflamed dental pulps neither from humans nor from rats presented mast cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Since mast cells are active during inflammatory responses it becomes crucial to find out if these cells are actually present and play a role in dental pulp under normal and inflammatory conditions either in humans or in rats. (bvsalud.org)
  • Therefore, the purpose of the present work was, under the same experimental conditions, to identify mast cells in healthy and inflamed dental pulp from rats and humans using toluidine blue histochemistry and immunohistochemistry techniques. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mast cells play an important role in a variety of biological processes including allergic reactions, atherosclerosis and inflammation 7,8 . (bvsalud.org)
  • In addition, CD69 stimulation in platelets induced production of thromboxane B2 and PGE2, suggesting activation of arachidonic acid metabolism by cycloxygenase. (nih.gov)
  • Subsequent literature regarding this newly recognized (but of course not truly new) "mast cell activation syndrome" (MCAS) included case reports as well as formal studies (mostly relatively small scale), reviews, and various proposals for formal diagnostic criteria. (degruyter.com)
  • Platelets are one of the main sources of circulating TGFbeta1, and these small (3-5 microm), anucleate cells are known to contribute to numerous inflammatory disorders and CVD following activation and subsequent degranulation. (cdc.gov)
  • In this context, cytokines have been shown to activate NK cells potently during ex vivo expansion ( 9 - 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • We show that in poly-(I:C)-stimulated HaCaT cells, CBD elevates the levels of AEA and dose-dependently inhibits poly-(I:C)-induced release of MCP-2, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor- α in a manner reversed by CB 2 and TRPV1 antagonists 6-iodopravadoline (AM630) and 5′-iodio-resiniferatoxin (I-RTX), respectively, with no cytotoxic effect. (aspetjournals.org)
  • It is now known that new blood vessels originate from preexisting vessels by activation, proliferation and migration of endothelial cells through a process named "angiogenesis" [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Specific growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), stimulate the proliferation and migration of naturally quiescent endothelial cells, resulting in the formation of new vessel structures during embryonic development and tumor growth [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Corresponding to isoenzyme analysis, it was demonstrated that both PDE III and PDE IV have to be inhibited for complete suppression of either tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) release from macrophages, or lymphocyte proliferation (PDE III/IV cells). (ersjournals.com)
  • Vasculogenesis is the coalescence of new blood vessels from individual endothelial cells or progenitor cells. (hindawi.com)
  • These cells were therefore described as bone marrow derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). (hindawi.com)
  • This suggested that EPCs are able to differentiate into endothelial cells and that such cells are incorporated into sites of active angiogenesis including ischemia, tumor angiogenesis, and metastasis in adult organisms [ 16 , 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Lymphocytes, alveolar macrophages and endothelial cells contain PDE IV and PDE III, and in addition, PDE I is measured in macrophages and PDE II in endothelial cells. (ersjournals.com)
  • 5-gene-knock-out (5GKO) porcine endothelial cells (pECs) were transfected with HLA-E and HLA-G genes. (iupui.edu)
  • In the present paper clinical phenotypes, pathogenetic relationships, and diagnostic algorithms as well as therapeutic concepts of/for systemic mast cell activation disease are reviewed. (thieme-connect.com)
  • The reader should be able to recognize and diagnose a systemic mast cell activation disease, as well as to counsel a personalized drug therapy. (thieme-connect.com)
  • 1 Afrin L. Presentation, diagnosis, and management of mast cell activation syndrome. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Evidence for mast cell activation in patients with therapy-resistant irritable bowel syndrome. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Systemic mast cell activation disease: the role of molecular genetic alterations in pathogenesis, heritability and diagnostics. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Mast cell activation syndrome: A newly recognized disorder with systemic clinical manifestations. (thieme-connect.com)
  • However, direct injection of IL-2 has been shown to be accompanied by severe side effects, such as vascular leak syndrome, activation-induced cell death, and strong induction of regulatory CD4 pos T cells, which did not occur after IL-15 administration ( 15 , 16 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Nuclear efflux of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C1/C2 in apoptotic cells: a novel nuclear export dependent on Rho-associated kinase activation. (ntu.edu.tw)
  • Evidence accumulates that these enterotoxins act as superantigens resulting in a multiclonal T- and B-cell activation with massive IgE formation within the airways. (nih.gov)
  • However, acute xenograft rejection (AXR), driven by immune cell activation,continues to be a barrier in pig-to-human xenotransplantation. (iupui.edu)
  • Interestingly, an amorphous silica-coated nCeO2 (amsCeO2) induced levels of TGFbeta1 from platelets consistent with those isolated from saline-treated animals, demonstrating that "safety-by-design" strategies for preparing engineered nanomaterial s may prove useful in ameliorating some of the harmful effects of nCeO2. (cdc.gov)
  • The CD38 enzyme on B lymphocytes and macrophages reduces extracellular NAD+, promoting the survival of T cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Skin-resident dendritic cells act as a first line of defense, ingesting foreign substances, processing them, and presenting them to lymphocytes to activate the immune system. (ernolaszlo.com)
  • Toquet et al investigated the phenotype of the lesional inflammatory cell infiltrate in patients with eosinophilic fasciitis and demonstrated a predominance of macrophages, CD8 + lymphocytes, and few eosinophils. (medscape.com)
  • efficacy as it induces antinociception in the warm water tail immersion test (Zhou et al. (gasyblog.com)
  • Additionally, the 5TGM1-Kalw/RijHSD immunocompetent in vivo model was used to examine reovirus efficacy and characterize reovirus-induced immune responses in the BM and spleen following intravenous administration. (bmj.com)
  • Because of the multiclonality, a range of allergens could possibly maintain a constant degranulation of mast cells present in the polyp tissue, which may contribute to disease severity. (nih.gov)
  • NK cell tolerance occurs naturally in utero where human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E and HLA-G are present. (iupui.edu)
  • [ 5 ] Within 2 hours after UV exposure, damage to epidermal skin cells is seen. (medscape.com)
  • Both epidermal keratinocytes ("sunburn cells") and Langerhans cells undergo apoptotic changes as a consequence of UVR-induced DNA damage. (medscape.com)
  • Tumor-initiating stem-like cells (TICs) are defective in maintaining asymmetric cell division and responsible for tumor recurrence. (nature.com)
  • New therapeutic concepts in anti-tumor therapy aim to modulate the patient's immune system to increase its aggressiveness or targeted effects toward tumor cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Tumors exhibit significant myeloid cell infiltrates, which are actively recruited to the tumor microenvironment. (hindawi.com)
  • In this review, we discuss the role of myeloid cells in promoting tumor angiogenesis. (hindawi.com)
  • Importantly, during tumor progression, myeloid cells are implicated in promoting tumor angiogenesis, causing resistance against antiangiogenic therapies in cancer, and suppressing the immune response during cancer [ 3 - 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In 1971, Dr. Judah Folkman observed that neovascularization occurs around tumors and proposed that new blood vessel growth is necessary to supply nutrients and oxygen to tumor cells during exponential tumor growth [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Results Using the 5TGM1-Kalw/RijHSD immunocompetent in vivo model we have demonstrated that reovirus reduces both MM tumor burden and myeloma-induced bone disease. (bmj.com)
  • Moreover, increased effector-memory CD8 + T cells correlated with decreased tumor burden. (bmj.com)
  • Multiple myeloma (MM) is a tumor of terminally differentiated plasma cells which expand in the bone marrow (BM). (bmj.com)
  • Compound 48/80-induced degranulation of GnRH-like immunoreactive mast cells in the brain and mesentry of the gerbil. (ntu.edu.tw)
  • Note the apoptotic sunburn cells in the epidermis. (medscape.com)
  • The Apoptotic Process of Human Bladder Carcinoma T24 Cells Induced by Retinoid. (ntu.edu.tw)
  • [ 1 ] Shorter wavelength UVB rays are much more effective at inducing erythema than UVA rays and, therefore, are the principal cause of sunburn. (medscape.com)
  • With their ability to detect and directly destroy virally infected or malignant cells, natural killer (NK) cells form an important part of the first line defense of the immune system. (frontiersin.org)
  • Conclusion These data highlight the importance of reovirus-induced immunotherapy for targeting MM cells within the BM niche and suggest that combination with agents which boost antitumor immune responses should be a priority. (bmj.com)
  • Notably, we found that resident mast cells in E7 transgenic skin cause local immune suppression as evidenced by tolerance of E7 transgenic skin grafts when mast cells are present compared to the rejection of mast cell-deficient E7 grafts in otherwise competent hosts. (figshare.com)
  • Expressing HLA-E/G in xenografts may provide immune protection from human NK cell cytotoxicity. (iupui.edu)
  • There were also significant differences in microbial composition in dust samples and in innate immune cells between the two groups of children. (medscape.com)
  • When the structure of the collagen fibers at Zusanli (ST36) was destroyed by injection of type I collagenase, the needle force caused by the acupuncture declined and the analgesic effects of rotation or lift-thrusting manipulations was attenuated accompanying the restraint of the degranulation ratios of mast cells. (qigonginstitute.org)
  • We propose that collagen fibers play an important role in acupuncture-induced analgesia, and they participate in signal transmission and transform processes. (qigonginstitute.org)