• Thus NRBF2 plays a critical role in the induction of starvation-induced autophagy as a specific member of Vps34 Complex I. (nih.gov)
  • These potent effects are driven by curcumin's ability to induce G2/M cell cycle arrest, induce autophagy, activate apoptosis, disrupt molecular signaling, inhibit invasion and metastasis, and increase the efficacy of current chemotherapeutics. (hindawi.com)
  • We discuss here the contribution of glycan-lectin interactions to the initiation, execution and resolution of apoptosis and their emerging roles in other cell death programs including autophagy. (nature.com)
  • In contrast to necrosis (murdered cells), in apoptosis (commit suicide) and autophagy process, cytoplasmic membranes are maintained and cell body is completely removed without any inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CD47 ligation leads to cell death in many normal and tumor cell lines via apoptosis or autophagy . (wikidoc.org)
  • In animals, morphological distinctions have since been used to distinguish different types of cell deaths, including apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. (essaywriter.org)
  • Primarily, the aim of anti-cell death in animals is to describe the processes of autophagy and apoptosis, while necrosis is the mechanism for defining the uncontrollable or chaotic mode of death. (essaywriter.org)
  • Majority of the literature and experiments in the field of programmed cell death in plants draw heavily on comparative analysis retrieved from paradigms of animal systems such as apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. (essaywriter.org)
  • Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is known to cause apoptosis in several types of malignant tumor cells through its interaction with the death domain-containing receptor, death receptor 5 (DR5). (nih.gov)
  • In the present study, we showed that co-treatment with troglitazone (TGZ), a synthetic ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and TRAIL synergistically induced apoptosis through DR5 upregulation in human colon cancer DLD-1 cells. (nih.gov)
  • Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), the natural ligand for the apoptotic receptors, DR4 and DR5, is usually one anti-cancer therapy that has been gaining momentum in recent years [17, 18]. (radarcon2008.org)
  • The signaling inhibitory antibody quickly induces ligand-independent receptor clustering and internalization via each caveolin and clathrin-mediated pathways. (kashbiotech.com)
  • As well as, DLL4 ligand binding to the NOTCH3 receptor mediates transendocytosis of NOTCH3-ADCs into ligand-expressing cells. (kashbiotech.com)
  • NOTCH3-ADCs internalize into receptor and ligand cells impartial of signaling and induce cell dying in each cell sorts representing an atypical mechanism of ADC cytotoxicity. (kashbiotech.com)
  • Fc-ARMs are composed of an Fc-binding peptide and a concentrating on ligand , enabling the exploitation of endogenous antibodies via fixed affinity to the Fc area of antibodies, whose sequence is conserved in distinction to the Fab area. (kashbiotech.com)
  • TGF-β signaling is initiated when the ligand binds to type II serine/threonine kinase receptor (TGFBR2), which then phosphorylates and activates type I serine/threonine kinase receptor (TGFBR1) [ 13 ]. (degruyter.com)
  • Selective compounds have been developed that target either the extracellular ligand-binding region of the EGFR (including a number of monoclonal antibodies [MAbs], immunotoxins, and ligand-binding cytotoxic agents) or the intracellular tyrosine kinase region (including various small-molecule inhibitors). (medscape.com)
  • The only ligand recognized to bind MST1R (RON) is Macrophage Stimulating 1 (MST1), also known as Macrophage Stimulating Protein (MSP) or Hepatocyte Growth Factor-Like Protein (HGFL). (frontiersin.org)
  • Prenatal DES exposure caused thymic atrophy, apoptosis, and up-regulation of Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) expression in thymocytes. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Under various iron conditions, IRPs could bind to IREs in the targeted mRNA, stabilize the mRNA or prevent its translation. (nature.com)
  • Quantitative proteomics will be applied to identify the differentially mRNA-bound proteins after the exposure of human cultured cells to ionizing radiation. (europa.eu)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a kind of small noncoding RNAs that regulate the expression of protein through targeting the 3′UTR of messenger RNA (mRNA), resulting in mRNA degradation or suppression of translation [ 5 ]. (degruyter.com)
  • The mRNA/protein expression levels of BAX and p21 were significantly increased in p63-siRNA-treated HMECs (sip63) after X-ray irradiation (4 Gy, 0.7 Gy/min) but not in scramble-siRNA treated HMECs (scr). (researchsquare.com)
  • Application of unidirectional pulsatile shear stress to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) decreased PDCD4 protein but not mRNA level. (plos.org)
  • Specifically, the PDCD4 protein combines directly with the mRNA coding region of the target gene ( MYB/c-MYB ) to block translation [2] . (plos.org)
  • High-dose EPSs were more effective than penicillin for alleviating ileal oxidative damage induced by S.T . The mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines in the ileum of mice showed that the regulatory effects of EPSs on inflammatory cytokines were better than those of penicillin. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) negatively regulate the expression of the target genes by binding to ʻseed sequences' in the 3'‑untranslated region (3'‑UTR) mRNA transcripts, and the variants within or nearby ʻseed sequences' may compromise or enhance miRNA/mRNA interaction leading to either ʻloss‑of‑function' or ʻgain‑of‑function' effects. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Additionally, transfection with 50 nM miR‑125b mimics markedly reduced the mRNA and protein expression levels of TP53 in the cultured lens epithelial cells, and miR‑125b significantly induced apoptosis in the epithelial cells compared with negative control cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • These vesicles are carriers of active or non-autonomous function biomolecules, such as proteins, lipids, DNA, mRNA and non-coding regulatory RNA. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The transcription of COX-1 yields a 2.7-kilobase (kb) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) that encodes a 576-residue, 65-kd protein. (medscape.com)
  • Conversely, the transcription of COX-2 yields a 4.5-kb mRNA that encodes a 70-kd protein with roughly 70-75% homology to the COX-1 protein. (medscape.com)
  • Through her work with two genera of retroviruses, Quackenbush determined mutations to Gammaretrovirus (feline leukemia virus) makes them less lethal, and Epsilretrovirus (walleye dermal sarcoma virus) contains sequences that encode for cyclin proteins, leading to the proliferation of normal cells and eventually giving a means for cancer cells to become abundant Her most notable work focuses on feline leukemia virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Results of the study revealed that a less fatal form of immunodeficiency syndrome could be induced with mutations to the feline leukemia virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • 3- 5 Therefore, during severe hypoxia or anoxia, the cell initiates a cascade of events that leads to apoptotic cell death, thereby preventing the accumulation of cells with hypoxia induced mutations. (bmj.com)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • Moreover, the models also predict that mutations of RAS, ARF and P21 in the context of HMGB1 signaling can influence the cancer cell's fate - apoptosis or survival - through the crosstalk of different pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this paper, we ask the following questions: How do these proteins and their mutations change the cell's fate - apoptosis or survival - when HMGB1 signal transduction is activated? (biomedcentral.com)
  • As opposed to other styles of muscles dystrophy, where mutations take place in genes encoding structural protein, calpainopathy was the initial reported kind of dystrophy predetermined by mutations within a gene encoding a proteolytic enzyme. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Furthermore, the deleterious aftereffect of missense mutations can occur not merely from immediate disruption of CAPN3 function(s), but additionally from disruption from the protein's structural integrity, that could affect its intra or intermolecular protein lead and interactions to decreased stability or altered localization. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Glycans, either alone or complexed with glycan-binding proteins, can deliver intracellular signals or control extracellular processes that promote initiation, execution and resolution of cell death programs. (nature.com)
  • Moreover, a number of extracellular proteins can bind to their receptors and activate signaling pathways that promote the proliferation of cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The apoptosis inducing function of CD47 appears to be dependent on activation of specific epitopes on the extracellular domain. (wikidoc.org)
  • Exosomes are one of the most researched classes of extracellular vesicles because they are carriers of targeted protein and DNA/RNA loads. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • 1998. Protection by extracellular glutathione against sulfur mustard induced toxicity in vitro. (cdc.gov)
  • Sjöberg A., Önnerfjord, P., Mörgelin, M., Heinegård, D. and Blom A. M. (2005) Extracellular matrix and inflammation: fibromodulin activates the classical pathway of complement by directly binding C1q. (lu.se)
  • Analyzing 5′-upstream non-protein-encoding regions of the human mitochondrial function-associated genes, we speculate that mitochondrial functions could be recovered or improved at a transcriptional level. (intechopen.com)
  • MLL-AF4 is thought to drive leukemogenesis by directly binding to genes and inducing aberrant overexpression of key gene targets, including anti-apoptotic factors such as BCL-2. (ox.ac.uk)
  • After irradiation, the expression of DDR-related genes and proteins in ΔNp63α-expressing and control cells was analysed by RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and flow cytometry. (researchsquare.com)
  • Ample evidence shows that pro-atherosclerotic disturbed flow induces sustained activation of atherogenic genes in endothelial cells to promote their oxidation, inflammation, cell cycle progression and proliferation, whereas pulsatile shear stress tends to maintain endothelial cells in a quiescent and less proliferative state with a low level of oxidation and inflammation [16] , [17] . (plos.org)
  • There was also no translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) from mitochondria to the nucleus in apoptotic keratinocytes, indicating Tan IIA-induced apoptosis occurs mainly through the caspase pathway. (hindawi.com)
  • Protein and gene expression of apoptotic signaling pathway-related proteins such as caspase-3, cytochrome c, and PARP were determined to provide evidence for the mechanisms of action of Tan IIA in the treatment of psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
  • The autophagic pathway constitutively maintains cellular homeostasis by recycling cytoplasmic organelles and proteins, but it is also stimulated by environmental stress conditions, such as starvation, oxidative stress, and the accumulation of misfolded proteins. (mdpi.com)
  • One of the most advanced and well characterized small molecule inhibitors is the BH3 mimetic, ABT-737, which predominantly binds to Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL to induce or sensitize cells to apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway. (radarcon2008.org)
  • Hence, evidenced the blocking of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway. (ijpsonline.com)
  • It induced apoptosis, suppressed cell migration and invasion, blocked cell cycle and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/ protein kinase B signaling pathway. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Mechanistically, NRSN2-AS1 stabilizes protein tyrosine kinase 2 (PTK2) to activate the ß-catenin pathway via repressing MG-53-mediated ubiquitinated degradation of PTK2, thereby facilitating ovarian cancer progression. (bvsalud.org)
  • Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway is a multifunctional cytokine and plays important roles in regulating cell proliferation, cell cycle, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis in a broad spectrum of tissues [ 12 ]. (degruyter.com)
  • Anti-apoptotic strategies include inhibition of caspase, poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase (PARP), and Bcl-2 proteins as well as induction of the PKB/Akt pathway and inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP) family of proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pulsatile shear stress induces ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation of PDCD4 via a PI3K/Akt pathway in HUVECs. (plos.org)
  • EPSs could inhibit the expression and activation of key proteins of the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK pathway and thereby suppress the level of S.T -induced ileal inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • EPSs attenuate S.T -induced immune responses by inhibiting the expression of key proteins in the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Targeting this pathway with a small molecule inhibitor, LCRF-0004, resulted in decreased proliferation with a concomitant increase in apoptosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Regardless of the etiology, a deficiency of cyclooxygenase (COX), a key regulatory enzyme in the synthetic pathway of eicosanoid production, results in beneficial and detrimental physiologic conditions relative to imbalances of the eicosanoids. (medscape.com)
  • Low ATP concentrations in hypoxic tumour cells disable the apoptotic cascade and induce cell death by necrosis. (bmj.com)
  • Cell death occurs under physiological and pathological conditions and mediates through three pathways as follows: apoptosis, autophagic cell death, and necrosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, if phagocytosis of the cell does not occur at the final stage of apoptosis or autophagic process, the cells are removed through secondary necrosis [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Processes of disposal of cellular debris whose results do not damage the organism differentiate apoptosis from necrosis . (wikidoc.org)
  • In contrast to necrosis , which is a form of traumatic cell death that results from acute cellular injury, apoptosis, in general, confers advantages during an organism's life cycle. (wikidoc.org)
  • [4] Kerr had originally used the term "programmed cell necrosis" to describe the phenomenon but in the 1972 article this process of natural cell death was called apoptosis . (wikidoc.org)
  • This investigation determined the mechanism behind retrovirus-induced oncogenesis caused by walleye dermal sarcoma virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, based on clinical experience as well as cytotoxic activity against multiple human cancer cells, we hypothesized that induction of apoptosis is the underlying mechanism for the treatment of psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
  • Moreover, co-immunoprecipitation, protein half-life assay and western blotting analyses were used to determine the regulatory mechanism underlying the BAG3-mediated increase in BMMSC proliferation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Thus, understanding the mechanism of apoptosis gives detailed insights of anti-apoptotic molecular targets. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The DNA damage response (DDR) is a mechanism that protects cells against radiation-induced oxidative DNA damage by causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. (researchsquare.com)
  • For example, excessive inhibition by which tissue remodeling takes place during normal of apoptosis is an underlying mechanism of cancer, while growth and development and the physiologic mechanism an inappropriate increase is seen in some neurodegenera- by which labile cell populations such as gastrointestinal tive diseases and other conditions. (cdc.gov)
  • HMGB1 can activate a series of signaling components, including mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and AKT, which play an important role in tumor growth and inflammation, through binding to different surface receptors, such as RAGE and TLR2/4. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Overexpression of miR-128-3p or knockdown of TGFBR2 ameliorated LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis. (degruyter.com)
  • Moreover, TGFBR2 was a direct target of miR-128-3p, and its overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-128-3p overexpression on inflammation and apoptosis in LPS-induced HK2 cells. (degruyter.com)
  • miR-128-3p could inhibit apoptosis and inflammation by targeting TGFBR2 in LPS-induced HK2 cells, which might provide therapeutic strategy for the treatment of sepsis. (degruyter.com)
  • [8] Binding of TSP-1 to CD47 influences several fundamental cellular functions including cell migration and adhesion, cell proliferation or apoptosis, and plays a role in the regulation of angiogenesis and inflammation. (wikidoc.org)
  • These pro- has been implicated as contributing apoptosis, inflammation, and several liferating cel s replace dead cel s to the cancer phenotype, through pleiotropic responses. (who.int)
  • Trouw L., Nilsson S., Goncalvez I., Landberg G. and Blom A. M. (2005) C4b-binding protein binds to necrotic cells and DNA, which limits DNA release and inhibits complement activation. (lu.se)
  • 2 In addition, hypoxia induces genetic instability by the induction of fragile sites causing gene amplification. (bmj.com)
  • Used together, these brokers should, in theory, enhance both the likelihood of apoptosis induction as well as the strength of the apoptotic signal. (radarcon2008.org)
  • This revealed increased expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 associated X and reduced expression of B-cell lymphoma 2, indicating apoptosis induction by piperine. (ijpsonline.com)
  • IL-4 is an important regulatory factor of the Th2 cellular immune response, and plays an important role in the induction of placental growth. (geneticsmr.com)
  • Results in the induction of death or apoptosis in some cells that carry potentially active TCRs or BCRs. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • T and B cells need induction of costimulatory activation apart from the MHC-induced activation. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • In the glioma cells, EIF5B promotes cell survival by enhancing the translation of several IRES-containing mRNAs including those encoding anti-apoptotic proteins such as XIAP and Bcl-xL [ 4 ]. (techscience.com)
  • Recent efforts in personalizing anti-cancer treatments have focused on therapies that selectively reactivate apoptosis within malignant cells, such as those that promote apoptosis via the Bcl-2 family of regulatory proteins and those that act by binding to death receptors expressed on the surface of the cell. (radarcon2008.org)
  • Recent studies have found that overexpression of the High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) protein, in conjunction with its receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGEs) and toll-like receptors (TLRs), is associated with proliferation of various cancer types, including that of the breast and pancreatic. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This selection removes the T or B cell clones before they attain maturation if they possess receptors that recognize self-antigens and bind to them with strong affinity. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • they have receptors for the crystallizable fragment (Fc) region of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and for complement, which enable them to bind with immune complexes and present the complex to B cells in germinal centers of secondary lymphoid organs. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The non-inhibitory antibody additionally effectively endocytoses through clathrin with out inducing receptor clustering however with slower lysosomal co-localization kinetics. (kashbiotech.com)
  • In this study, we analysed the inhibitory effect of ΔNp63α on radiation-induced DDR. (researchsquare.com)
  • CD47 interacts with signal-regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα), an inhibitory transmembrane receptor present on myeloid cells . (wikidoc.org)
  • At infection sites, activated T cells secrete cytokines (eg, interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma]) that induce production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, preventing macrophages from leaving. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Sjöberg A., Trouw L., McGrath F., Hack E. C. and Blom A. M. (2006) Regulation of complement activation by C-reactive protein: targeting of the inhibitory activity of C4b-binding protein. (lu.se)
  • Oxidative stress-induced cytoskeletal dysfunction of neurons has been implicated as a crucial cause of cell apoptosis or death in the central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. (ijbs.com)
  • The current study is to reveal the regulatory effects of Rg1 on cytoskeletal and morphological lesion in oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis. (ijbs.com)
  • The results demonstrated that pre-treatment with Rg1 (0.1-10 μM) attenuated hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )-induced neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress through reducing the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) level. (ijbs.com)
  • Ionizing radiation is well known to induce oxidative DNA damage, such as DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), and consequently trigger the DNA damage response (DDR), including cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. (researchsquare.com)
  • The DNA guardian protein p53 plays the most important role in DDR: it promotes DNA repair and the elimination of cells that are unable to repair the damage caused by oxidative stresses, including radiation. (researchsquare.com)
  • Novel tumour-specific RNA-protein interacting partners may serve as candidates to selectively induce cell death in tumour cells. (europa.eu)
  • As an emerging cancer immunotherapy, oncolytic virotherapies (OVTs) can not only selectively lyse cancer cells, but also induce a systemic antitumor immune response. (frontiersin.org)
  • The aim of the present investigation was to elucidate the cellular mechanisms whereby Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro in keratinocytes, the target cells in psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
  • A hypoxic environment devoid of nutrients prevents the cell undergoing energy dependent apoptosis and cells become necrotic. (bmj.com)
  • Cells adapt to this environmental stress, so that after repeated periods of hypoxia, selection for resistance to hypoxia induced apoptosis occurs. (bmj.com)
  • 7 Severe hypoxia in the presence of energy stimulates cells to undergo apoptosis, whereas oxygen levels above 0.5% prevent cell death. (bmj.com)
  • Results of the present study revealed that luteolin decreased viability of JAR and JEG-3 cells, which are valuable placental models, in a dose-dependent manner, and it induced apoptosis and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in JAR and JEG-3 cells. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • We also determined levels of SREBP1 and SREBP2 expression to investigate regulatory functions of luteolin in lipid metabolism in JAR and JEG-3 cells. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • Western blotting assay was implemented to check the levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase B. Results revealed that piperine induced dose reliant cytotoxicity in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Acridine orange/ethidium bromine staining assay revealed that piperine induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells which was further investigated by Western blotting. (ijpsonline.com)
  • SIRPγ (CD172g) binds to CD47 (integrin-associated protein/IAP) that is widely expressed on most hematopoietic cells, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and many tumor cell lines. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Several years later, Kerr and co-workers 2 defined the morphological changes in cells undergoing this process, also known as apoptosis. (nature.com)
  • Mice with a targeted deletion of the de novo lipogenesis enzyme, fatty acid synthase (FASN), in AEC2 cells (FasniΔAEC2) exposed to CS exhibited higher bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) neutrophils, higher BALF protein, and more severe airspace enlargement. (bvsalud.org)
  • The level of miR-128-3p was decreased, and TGFBR2 expression was increased in serum samples of sepsis patients and LPS-induced HK2 cells. (degruyter.com)
  • Some of the new approaches depend on tumor biology and aim specifically to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis by targeting the tumor microenvironment or vasculature (leaving normal cells unaffected) or focusing on specific protein or signal transduction pathways. (medscape.com)
  • Apoptosis was first described by Kerr and colleagues in 1972 [ 17 ] as a physiological situation characterized by distinguishable morphological features such as nuclear changes (nuclear chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation), cell contraction, and losing attachment with adjacent cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To elucidate the role of the p53-repressive effect of ΔNp63α in radiation response, we performed a p63-siRNA knockdown experiment using human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) expressing ΔNp63α and then performed ectopic and entopic expression experiments using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). (researchsquare.com)
  • On the other hand, both the ectopic and entopic expression of ΔNp63α in apoptosis-sensitive hiPSCs reduced the expression levels of BAX after irradiation and significantly decreased the number of apoptotic cells induced by radiation. (researchsquare.com)
  • Taken together, these results indicate that ΔNp63α represses p53-related radiation-induced DDR, thereby potentially causing genomic instability in epithelial stem cells. (researchsquare.com)
  • The activation of CD47 induces rapid apoptosis of T cells. (wikidoc.org)
  • Jurkat cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC ) incubated with the monoclonal antibody Ad22 results in apoptosis within 3 hours. (wikidoc.org)
  • Similarly, CD47 ligation rapidly induces apoptosis in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. (wikidoc.org)
  • En face co-immunostaining of the mouse aortic arch revealed a low level of PDCD4 in endothelial cells undergoing pulsatile shear stress. (plos.org)
  • Low PDCD4 level was associated with reduced proliferation but not apoptosis or phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase caused by pulsatile shear stress to help maintain the homeostasis of endothelial cells. (plos.org)
  • Some of the mechanisms for peripheral tolerance involve the T regulatory cells (subsets of CD4 and CD8). (tutorialspoint.com)
  • T cells with moderate affinity for self-antigen generate T regulatory cells or Treg cells during negative selection with an upregulation of transcription factor FOXP3 and enter the periphery where they inhibit or down-regulate the proliferation of self-reactive T cells. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • Until now, scientists had assumed, based on studies in cultured cells, that p53 had to be modified by attaching chemical groups to specific sites on the protein to function normally in the body. (news-medical.net)
  • Since the p53 protein is able to trigger such drastic action as cellular suicide, the cells of the body must ensure that the p53 protein is only activated when damage is sensed and that the protein is quickly degraded when it is not needed. (news-medical.net)
  • Instead of accumulating in mouse cells and halting cell division in the genetically engineered mice, the altered p53 protein performed flawlessly: it was unstable when no DNA damage was present and was stable and fully functional when needed to halt the cycle cell to repair DNA damage or to induce apoptosis. (news-medical.net)
  • Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness worldwide and are characterized by progressive aggregation and precipitation of lens proteins, and the development of age‑related cataracts is associated with dysregulated cellular activities of lens epithelial cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • When DES-induced transcription factors were analyzed, estrogen receptor element (ERE), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF-AT), and activator protein-1 motifs on the Fas promoter, as well as ERE, NF-κB, and NF-AT motifs on the FasL promoter, showed binding affinity with the transcription factors. (aspetjournals.org)
  • There was shift in mobility of probes (ERE or NF-κB2) of both Fas and FasL in the presence of nuclear proteins from DES-treated cells, and the shift was specific to DES because these probes failed to shift their mobility in the presence of nuclear proteins from vehicle-treated cells. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Extensive lymphocyte severe infections is a massive loss of lymphocytes, den- apoptosis has also occurred in humans and animals infect- dritic cells, gastrointestial epithelial cells, and other cell ed with several exotic agents, including Bacillus anthracis , types through apoptosis, or programmed cell death. (cdc.gov)
  • Therefore, in addition to epidermal Langerhans cells, other potential cellular origins for LCH include dermal langerin + dendritic cells, lymphoid tissue-resident langerin + dendritic cells, and monocytes that can be induced by local environmental stimuli to acquire a Langerhans cell phenotype. (medscape.com)
  • Our results indicate that several dozens of proteins for each cell type, are PE-lipoxidated in HT-22, MLE, and H9c2 cells and M2 macrophages after they were induced to undergo ferroptosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Pretreatment of cells with the strong nucleophile, 2-mercaptoethanol, prevented the formation of PE-lipoxidated proteins and blocked ferroptotic death. (cdc.gov)
  • These antigens include organic dusts containing bacteria, fungi,4 animal or plant proteins, or low-molecular-weight chemicals. (cdc.gov)
  • Mark L., Lee W. H., Villoutreix B. O., Proctor D., Blackbourn, D., Spiller B. O. and Blom A. M. (2004) KSHV complement control protein mimics human molecular mechanisms for inhibition of the complement system. (lu.se)
  • CD47 ( C luster of D ifferentiation 47) also known as integrin associated protein (IAP) is a transmembrane protein that in humans is encoded by the CD47 gene . (wikidoc.org)
  • Tan IIA inhibited proliferation of mouse keratinocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner and induced apoptosis, resulting in S phase arrest accompanied by down-regulation of pCdk2 and cyclin A protein expression. (hindawi.com)
  • Mitochondrial regulation of apoptosis further downstream was investigated, showing changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release into the cytoplasm, and enhanced activation of cleaved caspase-3 and Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). (hindawi.com)
  • Understanding the regulation of apoptosis during hypoxia and the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis might lead to more specific treatments for solid tumours. (bmj.com)
  • These activate the ""late"" transcriptional reprogramming influencing DNA repair, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. (europa.eu)
  • The N-terminal region of the protein binds CDC2 to form a complex showing reduced H1 histone kinase activity, indicating a role as a negative regulator of CDC2/cyclin A. In addition, the C-terminal kinase domain binds to its own N-terminal region, suggesting potential negative regulation through interference with complex formation via intramolecular binding. (cancerindex.org)
  • If some important proteins are mutated or there are defects in the signaling mechanisms, normal cell growth regulation will break down, possibly leading to the occurrence of cancer in the future. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The current study demonstrated that the rs78378222 polymorphism minor allele introduces a novel potential miR‑125b binding site in the TP53 3'‑UTR with a consecutive 8‑bp perfect match, creating a ʻgain‑of‑function' variant and affecting the regulation of TP53 expression. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • SIRPγ (CD172g) may play a regulatory role in T cell-T cell interactions and may induce apoptosis through CD47. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • CD47 belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily [1] and partners with membrane integrins and also binds the ligands thrombospondin-1 ( TSP-1 ) and signal-regulatory protein alpha ( SIRPα ). (wikidoc.org)
  • CD47 is involved in a range of cellular processes, including apoptosis , proliferation , adhesion , and migration . (wikidoc.org)
  • However, apoptosis was not observed following culture with other anti-CD47 antibodies. (wikidoc.org)
  • Intracellular iron levels are elaborately balanced by iron efflux, uptake, and storage proteins that are regulated by iron regulatory proteins (IRPs, including IRP1 and IRP2) [ 16 ]. (nature.com)
  • Phase contrast microscopy evidenced some specific morphological modifications indicating apoptosis allied cytotoxicity of piperine like apoptotic bodies, condensed nucleus and membrane blabbing. (ijpsonline.com)
  • The Rg1 treatment also abolished H 2 O 2 -induced morphological changes, including cell rounding, membrane blebbing, neurite retraction and nuclei condensation, which were generated by myosin IIA-actin interaction. (ijbs.com)
  • The power of the thiol proteinases to cleave a multitude of substrates in response to calcium mineral activation allows their involvement in a variety of cell processes offering cell motility, sign transduction, apoptosis, cell differentiation and legislation of the cytoskeleton (3). (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Specify the components and their interactions and set up cluding proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, embryonic the system of equations. (lu.se)
  • Her lab is trying to determine the mode by which transcription, apoptosis, and transduction are controlled by viral regulatory proteins such as kinases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mathematical modeling of signal transduction networks has previously been used to map out thermodynamical using rate equations is increasingly attracting attention as a properties of protein-folding models (6,7). (lu.se)
  • Here, we report OTUD3 (OTU domain-containing protein 3) functions as a deubiquitylase for IRP2, interacts with IRP2 in the cytoplasm, de-polyubiquitylates, and stabilizes IRP2 protein in an iron-independent manner. (nature.com)
  • We display here that this MCV MC159 proteins interacts using the NEMO subunit from the IKK complicated to avoid NEMO relationships using the cIAP1 E3 ubiquitin ligase. (baxkyardgardener.com)
  • In the thymus, the thymocytes which have a high affinity for self-antigens undergo apoptosis leading to their death, whereas the thymocytes with a low and moderate affinity towards the self-antigens cross the barrier and enter the periphery during negative selection hence we need peripheral tolerance as well. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • Lymphocytes, in particular, undergo massive and infection, potentially improving outcomes for patients in a apparently unregulated apoptosis in human patients and variety of disease states. (cdc.gov)
  • These readily undergo iron-catalyzed secondary free radical reactions leading to truncated products which retain the signature PE headgroup and which can readily react with nucleophilic moieties in proteins via their truncated electrophilic acyl chains. (cdc.gov)
  • It was determined that he RV-cyclin bound to cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) and increased its activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • The retroviral cyclin of walleye dermal sarcoma virus binds cylin-dependent kinases 3 and 8. (wikipedia.org)
  • Immune tolerance or immunological tolerance is the state of unresponsiveness of the immune system to the substances or tissues that are capable to induce an immune response. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • To day, understanding of MCV immune system evasion strategies comes from the manifestation of specific MCV proteins impartial of contamination or during contamination having a surrogate computer virus, and these strategies consist of antagonism of apoptosis (8,C11), NF-B activation (12,C14), interferon regulatory element 3 (IRF3) activation (15), and chemokine (16) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) (17) activities. (baxkyardgardener.com)
  • Macroautophagy is regulated by numerous cellular factors, including the Class III PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) Vps34 (vacuolar protein sorting 34). (nih.gov)
  • Finally, Western blotting assay predicted constant expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase B and reduced expression of phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. (ijpsonline.com)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a putative serine/threonine kinase that localizes to the mitotic apparatus and complexes with cell cycle controller CDC2 kinase in early mitosis. (cancerindex.org)
  • The canonical IB kinase (IKK) complicated settings NF-B activation and it is made up of NEMO (IKK) regulatory and IKK and IKK kinase subunits (20,C22). (baxkyardgardener.com)
  • The proposed project aims to identify the dynamics of RNA-protein interactions during DNA damage response (DDR) using high-throughput "omics" approaches. (europa.eu)
  • When higher than normal levels of p53 tumor suppressor exist, there is enough p53 to bind to many regulatory sites in the cell's genome to activate the production of other proteins that will halt cell division if the DNA damage can be repaired. (news-medical.net)
  • Right here, we report Fc-binding antibody-recruiting molecules (Fc-ARMs) as the primary instance addressing this subject. (kashbiotech.com)
  • The OX-119 monoclonal antibody specifically recognizes Signal-regulatory protein gamma (SIRP-gamma or SIRPγ) which is also known as CD172g or Signal-regulatory protein beta 2 (SIRP-beta-2 or SIRPβ2). (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Her research interests include viral pathogenesis, with emphasis in viral-induced oncogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Quackenbush has current laboratory research focusing on viral-induced oncogenesis, in fish retroviruses. (wikipedia.org)
  • To your knowledge, this is actually the 1st report of the viral proteins disrupting NEMO-cIAP1 relationships to strategically suppress IKK activation. (baxkyardgardener.com)
  • Apoptosis was checked by acridine orange/ethidium bromine staining assay and by execution of Western blotting analysis. (ijpsonline.com)
  • The binding sites of miR-128-3p and TGFBR2 were predicted by Targetscan online software and confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. (degruyter.com)
  • Expression levels of both SREBP1 and SREBP2 mRNAs were significantly reduced, but only SREBP1 protein was influenced by luteolin. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that the EIF5B transcript and protein levels as well as the EIF5Bcopy number were significantly higher in the HCC tissues compared with the non-cancerous liver tissues. (techscience.com)
  • Results: We found that LOH and methylation of the PTEN promoter were significantly associated with loss of PTEN protein expression, while, PTEN mutation was a rare event. (cancerindex.org)
  • EPSs significantly ameliorated S.T -induced ileal injury in mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Some studies have suggested a role for this protein in maintaining centriole-nucleated sensory organelles termed primary cilia, and AS is now considered to belong to the growing class of human genetic disorders linked to ciliary dysfunction (ciliopathies). (springer.com)
  • Prevention of lymphocyte apoptosis, same process by which these cell populations are regulat- through either genetic modification of the host or treatment ed during normal health ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Gain of function and loss of function experiments showed that PDCD4 induced turnover (proliferation and apoptosis) of HUVECs. (plos.org)
  • PDCD4 induces turnover (proliferation and apoptosis) of HUVECs. (plos.org)
  • ΔNp63α has been reported to transcriptionally inhibit the tumour suppression protein p53. (researchsquare.com)
  • Our results show that 2HF induced apoptosis in both histological types of lung cancer and inhibited proliferation and growth through suppression of CDK4, CCNB1, PIK3CA, AKT and RPS6KB1 (P70S6K) signaling. (oncotarget.com)
  • What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
  • Fully understanding these gene regulatory networks (GRNs) offers greater insight into the consequences of disease-causing perturbations than studying single TF binding events in isolation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Chromosomal translocations of the Mixed Lineage Leukemia gene (MLL) produce MLL fusion proteins such as MLL-AF4, causing poor prognosis acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs). (ox.ac.uk)
  • However, this model minimizes the potential for circuit generated regulatory outputs, including gene repression. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can alter gene function and protein expression. (geneticsmr.com)
  • Luciferase assays and online miRNA databases were used to validate that tumor protein p53 (TP53) is the target gene of miR‑125b. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Exosomal markers include microRNAs like miR-21 and miR-141, plus various proteins that belong in functional groups such as tetraspanins (CD9, CD63 and CD81), heat shock proteins (Hsp70, Hsp73 and Hsp90) and membrane transporters (GTPases) ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • They have been defined as monotropic integral membrane proteins located primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum (COX-1) and the perinuclear envelope (COX-2). (medscape.com)
  • This illustrates how our GRN can be used to better understand potential mechanisms of drug resistance acquisition.Graphical abstract captionA network model of the MLL-AF4 regulatory landscape identifies feed-forward loop and cascade motifs. (ox.ac.uk)
  • 1993. Sulfur mustard inhalation induced respiratory lesions in guinea pigs: Physiological, biochemical and histological study. (cdc.gov)
  • Apoptosis was partially blocked by the caspase-3 inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CHO. (hindawi.com)
  • Different adhesion molecules are required for apoptosis, particularly caspase family as well as noncaspase proteases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These implications would later be used to determine other retroviral-induced oncogenesis in human cancers. (wikipedia.org)
  • Blom A. M . , Berggård K., Webb J. H., Villoutreix B., Lindahl G. and Dahlbäck B. (2000) Human C4b-binding protein has overlapping but not identical binding sites for C4b and streptococcal M-proteins. (lu.se)
  • Kerr, Wylie and Currie credited Professor James Cormack (Department of Greek, University of Aberdeen ) with suggesting the term apoptosis. (wikidoc.org)
  • John Foxton Ross Kerr, Emeritus Professor of Pathology at the University of Queensland , received the Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize on March 14 2000 , for his description of apoptosis. (wikidoc.org)
  • At that time, glycobiology, which is the study of carbohydrates and their recognition by motif-specific carbohydrate-binding proteins or lectins, lagged far behind the studies that defined the structural and cellular biology of cell death. (nature.com)
  • They are an integral part of the later phase of the cellular stress response, i.e. the stress-induced senescence-like phenotype, as well as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Kask L., Hillarp A., Ramesh B., Dahlbäck B., and Blom A. M. (2002) Structural requirements for the intra-cellular subunit polymerization of the complement inhibitor C4b-binding protein. (lu.se)