Induce anti tumor immunity tumor escape. Medical search. Frequent questions

Prior studies link the presence of IL-17 and Th17 T cells in the tumor microenvironment to improved survival in OC patients. (bmj.com)
Results Th17-DC vaccines increased Th17 T cells in the tumor microenvironment, reshaped the myeloid microenvironment, and improved mouse survival compared with cDC vaccines. (bmj.com)
Conclusions These findings emphasize using biologically relevant immune modifiers, like Th17-DC vaccines, in OC treatment to reshape the tumor microenvironment and enhance clinical responses to ICB therapy. (bmj.com)
Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining of blood vessels, hypoxic areas, proliferating cells and immune cells was performed to characterize the tumor microenvironment of all three tumor models. (biomedcentral.com)
Characterization of the resulting MOC1-HPV cell lines and tumor models confirmed stable expression of HPV-16 oncogenes and differences in cell morphology, in vitro migration capacity, and tumor microenvironment characteristics. (biomedcentral.com)
Mechanistic investigation defined that Axl inhibition reprograms the immunological microenvironment leading to the increased proliferation, activation and effector function of tumor-infiltrating CD4 + and CD8 + T cells possibly through preferential accumulation and activation of CD103 + cross-presenting dendritic cells. (oncotarget.com)
The microenvironment of a developing tumor is composed of proliferating cancer cells, blood vessels, stromal cells, infiltrating inflammatory cells, and a variety of associated tissue cells. (nutriforce.cn)
Accumulating data also suggest that hypoxic stress in the tumor microenvironment promotes tumor escape mechanisms through the emergence of immune-resistant tumor variants and immune suppression. (nutriforce.cn)
Thus, solid tumors seem to build up a hostile hypoxic microenvironment that hampers cell-mediated immunity and dampen the efficacy of the immune response. (nutriforce.cn)
The RAS plays a crucial role in cancer biology and affects tumor growth and dissemination directly and indirectly by remodeling the tumor microenvironment. (nutriforce.cn)
Targeting Tregs to reestablish the proinflammatory and immunogenic tumor microenvironment (TME) is an increasingly attractive strategy for cancer treatment and has been emphasized in recent years. (biomedcentral.com)
γδ T cells recruited into the tumor microenvironment can act as effector cells to mediate cancer immune surveillance. (explorationpub.com)
Therefore, an in-depth understanding of γδ T cells that play conflicting roles in the tumor microenvironment is necessary. (explorationpub.com)
Colorectal cancer is a common and deadly disease that doesn't readily respond to immunotherapies because of the tumor's ability to modify its microenvironment and escape recognition by the immune system. (innatechoice.com)
Emerging evidence indicates that lncRNAs participate in crosstalk between tumor and stroma, and reprogramming of tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). (biomedcentral.com)
Together, they form the microenvironment in which the tumor is located, namely tumor microenvironment (TME). (biomedcentral.com)
Among the components of TME, distinct populations of innate and adaptive immune cells consist of tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). (biomedcentral.com)
Our preliminary and published studies uncovered a remarkably better response to standard care in female glioblastoma patients than in male patients as well as sex-specific differences in signaling networks and interactions in the tumor microenvironment. (abta.org)
However, in vitro screens are limited to a lack of tumor microenvironment, and the gRNA library coverage or selection often limits the pathological relevance of targets unraveled by in vivo screens. (nature.com)
It is therefore imperative to uncover novel immune evasion mechanisms in the dynamic tumor-immune microenvironment by untangling the genetic heterogeneity of cancer cells. (nature.com)
Cancer progression is mainly driven by the expansion of tumor cells, but tumor microenvironment and anti-tumor immunity may also play a role. (amegroups.org)
The targeted intraoperative radiotherapy (TARGIT) method, using INTRABEAM ® , could reduce tumor recurrence, modifying the wound microenvironment, and eradicating residual tumor cells when applied immediately after surgery procedure. (amegroups.org)
Although chemotherapy (CT) and traditional fractionated radiation have been described as immunosuppressive ( 2 ), recent data suggests that RT can modulate anti-tumor immune responses ( 3 ), modifying tumor and its microenvironment ( 4 ). (amegroups.org)
Besides the direct effects of radiation in reducing viable cancer cells, RT may induce modifications on the local microenvironment that can affect tumor development ( 5 ). (amegroups.org)
Accumulating research suggests that the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) plays an essential role in regulation of tumor growth and metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
Targeting tumor cells or the tumor microenvironment (TME) are the two major fundamental principles for antitumor therapies. (biomedcentral.com)
Different tumor types can also design their specific microenvironment by encouraging tumor angiogenesis and stimulating peripheral immune tolerance. (biomedcentral.com)
In this landscape, most studies have primarily focused on improving CAR-T cells and overcoming the unfavorable effects of tumor microenvironment on solid tumors. (ijbs.com)
However, due to intricacies of solid tumors and their locations in the human body, treatment of solid tumors with CAR-T cells is facing multiple obstacles, such as the hostile tumor microenvironment, on-tumor/off-tumor toxicities, and undesired antigen specificity [ 2 ]. (ijbs.com)
In this short review, we summarize recent experimental and clinical evidence for these three mechanisms and other possible tumor microenvironment mechanisms that may influence tumor dormancy. (biomedcentral.com)
A tumor microenvironment that is altered (such as by frontline treatment) can mediate tumor cell entrance into, maintenance, and exit from dormancy through interaction with cells at niches, such as endothelial cells, stroma, or immune cells. (biomedcentral.com)
I studied the tumor microenvironment of liver cancer during my graduate training in Hong Kong. (stanford.edu)
Although there is ample evidence that the chemotherapeutic drugs trigger an immune response, the efficient tumor rejection or regression is not guaranteed probably due to the massive immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment. (thno.org)
This work represents a novel approach for cancer immunotherapy by integrating nanotechnology and platinum-based therapeutics which not only efficiently exerts the chemotherapeutic cytotoxic effect on tumor cell but also restores immune response of immunological cells within the tumor microenvironment. (thno.org)
First, the stimulatory or death signals are released from apoptotic tumor cells into the tumor microenvironment. (thno.org)
During the early phase of tumor development, immune cells could spontaneously infiltrate into the tumor microenvironment to evoke an immune response and fight against the growth of the tumor. (thno.org)
Emerging evidence suggests that the component secreted by exosomescan promote tumor survival,angiogenesis and metastasis, and also mediate tumor microenvironment induced drug resistance and immune escape. (bbrc.in)
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells in the human body, because they play a pivotal role in the immune response, which is inhibited in the tumor microenvironment [ 11 ]. (jcancer.org)
Dysregulation of various cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) causes immunosuppressive functions and aggressive tumor growth. (biomedcentral.com)

1999). Tumour antigens are those expressed by tumor cells, and recognizable as being different from self cells. (wikipedia.org)
Monoclonal antibodies developed against immunogenic proteins (Tumor Specific Antigens/TSA's) that are expressed in human cancers, display a unique behavioral pattern. (jcancer.org)
These tumor proteins, when first defined, were referred to as tumor associated antigens. (jcancer.org)
Monoclonals developed from these tumor antigens are in the initial phases of investigation with regard to their specificity and antitumor activity. (jcancer.org)
Mabs capable of targeting the malignancies noted above were produced following immunization of BALBc mice with the Tumor Specific Antigens. (jcancer.org)
Taking advantage of the diverse γδ TCR repertoire or other ligand-receptor interactions, γδ T cells can recognize a broad spectrum of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent manner, thereby activating downstream pleiotropic effects. (explorationpub.com)
The tumor-associated derived antigens (TAAs) released to the tumor periphery can be captured by DCs. (amegroups.org)
Study therapy included two cycles of docetaxel 75 mg/m 2 on days 1 and 29 to treat the tumor, release hidden antigens and produce lymphopenia. (biomedcentral.com)
All 4 patients had evidence of specific antibody responses against potential tumor antigens. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition to mutated proteins, NSCLC can over-express a number of non-mutated proteins that can induce both humoral and cytotoxic T cell responses [ 10 ], and also have the potential to serve as tumor rejection antigens [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
for example, recombinant viruses can be genetically engineered to express immunomodulatory genes or tumor-specific antigens to stimulate an anti-cancer immune response. (mdpi.com)
For example, antibodies specific to tumor antigens, adoptively transferred immune cells, therapeutic vaccines, and recombinant cytokines effectively boost the host immune system to recognize tumor cells as pathogens and eliminate them [ 1 - 3 ]. (thno.org)
Then these signals are engulfed as antigens and presented by antigen-presenting cells within the tumor-derived lymph nodes. (thno.org)
There are still significant barriers to therapeutic success because of tumor-specific antigens (TA) and toxicities associated with treatment [ 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Potential y neoplastic cel s that of the effect increases with increasing tem to respond effectively to foreign arise natural y, or that have been dose or continuing exposure - and is antigens, including surface antigens transformed by carcinogens acting usually transient: immune function on tumour cells. (who.int)

instead of targeting tumor cells, the goal of immunotherapy is to augment and expand the immune system's intrinsic antitumor response. (frontiersin.org)
Thus, Axl-directed therapy in Axl expressing tumors could hold a great potential to subvert the innate and/or adaptive resistance to and broaden the coverage of population benefited from ICB-based immunotherapy. (oncotarget.com)
We review clinical data on the benefit of RASi in primary and metastatic tumors and propose that, by activating immunostimulatory pathways, these inhibitors can enhance immunotherapy of cancer. (nutriforce.cn)
An in-depth understanding of immune evasion mechanisms in tumors is crucial to overcome resistance and enable innovative advances in immunotherapy. (biomedcentral.com)
Various immunotherapy tumor-targeting schemes. (technologynetworks.com)
TIME possesses distinct populations of myeloid cells and lymphocytes to influence the immune escape of cancer, the response to immunotherapy, and the survival of patients. (biomedcentral.com)
TIME influences the immune escape of cancer, the response to immunotherapy, and the survival rate of patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Our data indicate that the evolutionarily conserved miRNA pathway can be exploited by cancer cells to escape from T cell-mediated elimination and immunotherapy. (nature.com)
This study was designed to test a novel immunotherapy strategy using a vaccine enriched for short-lived proteins (SLiPs) and defective ribosomal products (DRiPs) derived from autologous tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore the application of immunotherapy has driven the treatment of brain tumors to the study of the response of intratumoral and systemic immune cells and cytokines to these malignancies 10 - 12 . (researchsquare.com)
With a better understanding of molecular details in tumor immunology and tumor biology, tailored cancer immunotherapy is considered as a promising strategy for cancer treatment. (thno.org)
Cancer immunotherapy approaches designed to surmount tumor suppression take into consideration the pivotal molecular processes involved in the activation of immune system. (thno.org)

Remodeling of this theory has led to the progression of the immunoediting theory, in which there are 3 phases, Elimination, Equilibrium and Escape. (wikipedia.org)
2001) Three possible outcomes for tumors managing to evade the immune system, and reach the equilibrium phase have been proposed: 1) eventual elimination by the immune system 2) a prolonged or indefinite period of dormancy, or 3) progression into the final escape phase. (wikipedia.org)
ICB had limited efficacy in OC, but Th17-inducing DC vaccination sensitized it to anti-PD-1 ICB, resulting in durable progression-free survival by overcoming IL-10-mediated resistance. (bmj.com)
Th17-inducing DC vaccines block ovarian cancer progression. (bmj.com)
The inclusion of Th17-DC vaccines during treatment with anti-PD-(L)1-based (eg, pembrolizumab, nivolumab) may lead to improved progression-free and overall survival in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. (bmj.com)
A single normal cell randomly acquires a series of mutations that allows it to proliferate and to be transformed into a cancer cell (i.e., founding clone), which initiates tumor progression and recurrence. (nature.com)
The crosstalk between stromal cells and malignant cells within this environment crucially determines the fate of tumor progression, its hostility, and heterogeneity. (nutriforce.cn)
Metabolic reprogramming plays an important role in tumor progression and antitumor immunity. (medsci.org)
Further compounding this conundrum is the difficulty in accurately assessing response, as an increase in contrast enhancement on standard post-contrast MRI can be seen in treatment-related changes and true tumor progression. (abta.org)
The cellular and molecular nature of the TIME influences cancer progression and metastasis by altering the ratio of immune- suppressive versus cytotoxic responses in the vicinity of the tumor. (biomedcentral.com)
These tumors and accessories represent the hallmark characteristics that support tumor progression and lead to metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
The ratio of pro- to antitumor immune populations in the TIME plays a critical role in the regulation of tumor progression and metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
Alterations in either the innate or adaptive arm of the immune system and cross-talk between them make the immune system tolerant to tumors, leading to disease progression. (wjgnet.com)
Tumor dormancy may contribute to tumor progression and relapse, either locally or metastatically at distant sites, years or decades after treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
Here at Stanford, I am using different genome editing tools and mouse models to investigate the role of macrophages in promoting tumor progression and immune tolerance in liver cancer. (stanford.edu)
Recently, it has been reported by many workers that the potential functions of exosomes contributed to various aspects of hematological tumorigenesis, particularly with a focus on the exosome-mediated tumor progression, metastasis, drug resistance and immune escape by altering the function of receiver cells via diverse exosomal cargoes including proteins, DNA, messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and microRNAs) (Whiteside and Boyiadzis, (2017). (bbrc.in)

It is widely accepted that hypoxic stresses occur in most solid tumors. (nutriforce.cn)
Ionizing radiation (IR) is used as a main treatment for many types of localized solid tumors where radiation therapy (RT) is considered the primary non-surgical modality in the curative treatment of cancer ( 1 , 2 ). (amegroups.org)
Despite the progresses made in treating hematological malignancies, challenges still remain for use of CAR-T cell therapy to treat solid tumors. (ijbs.com)
To further understand the current status and trend for developing CAR-T cell based therapies for various solid tumors, this review emphasizes on CAR-T techniques, current obstacles, and strategies for application, as well as necessary companion diagnostics for treatment of solid tumors with CAR-T cells. (ijbs.com)
Encouragingly and optimistically, in this landscape, more than forty clinical trials in treatment of solid tumors by CAR-T cells have been registered in China alone (Table 1 ) [ 6 ]. (ijbs.com)
Therefore, in this review, we focus on current CAR-T techniques , obstacles, strategies for overcoming these obstacles, as well as necessary companion diagnostics in treatment of solid tumors with CAR-T cells. (ijbs.com)

However, as tumors progress, cancerous cells develop immunosuppressive mechanisms that circumvent NK cell-mediated killing, allowing for tumor escape and proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
iii) The hypoxic tumor environment is immunosuppressive and prevents an antitumor response. (nutriforce.cn)
These studies indicate that further understanding the metabolic requirements of intratumoral Tregs may provide an opportunity to intervene in the immunosuppressive TME and enhance antitumor immunity. (biomedcentral.com)
The processes of tumor initiation, expansion, and metastasis are governed by the TIME, where immunosuppressive and antitumor immune crosstalk play an important role. (biomedcentral.com)
While tumor expansion, contact-dependent or independent crosstalk between tumor and TIME affects the production of various cytokines that help in the polarization of antitumor immune response in the immunosuppressive TIME. (biomedcentral.com)
During metastasis, tumor-derived exosomes help in the requirement and arrangement of immunosuppressive immune cells for favorable premetastatic niche formation and growth of metastases. (biomedcentral.com)
Interleukin (IL)-10 is a potent immunosuppressive cytokine that is found in elevated quantities both at the tumor site and systemically in a variety of cancers. (jefferson.edu)

Babatz J, Röllig C, Löbel B, Folprecht G, Haack M, Günther H, Köhne CH, Ehninger G, Schmitz M, Bornhäuser M. Induction of cellular immune responses against carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with metastatic tumors after vaccination with altered peptide ligand-loaded dendritic cells. (nwbio.com)

Here, we review tumor-NK cell interactions, discuss the mechanisms by which NK cells generate an antitumor immune response, and discuss NK cell-based therapeutic strategies targeting activating, inhibitory, and co-stimulatory receptors. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we found that Axl inhibition by tyrosine kinase inhibitors induces antitumor efficacy critically depending on immune effector mechanisms in two highly clinical relevant murine tumor models. (oncotarget.com)
We also discuss the mechanisms underlying Treg functional fitness in the TME, hoping to find potential approaches to reestablish proinflammatory circumstances by perturbing these metabolic programs, ultimately enhancing the efficacy of antitumor immunity. (biomedcentral.com)
These findings indicated that Solanum nigrum extract induced cell death in MDA-MB-468 cells by two distinct mechanisms, apoptosis and autophagy, and these findings further suggest a possibility that this extract could be used to treat triple negative breast cancer. (ijpsonline.com)
It is thought to be involved in many physiological and pathophysiological processes, including antiaging mechanisms, differentiation and development, immunity, and elimination of microorganisms [ 9 - 13 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
Tumor cells develop multiple and complex mechanisms to fully escape immune surveillance. (amegroups.org)
In addition, immune evasion mechanisms in established tumors have been well characterized over the past decade, culminating in the clinical approval of several drugs targeting immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) in T cells. (crcl.fr)
Over the past decade, numerous studies indicate that various mechanisms of tumor dormancy exist, including cellular dormancy (quiescence), angiogenic dormancy, and immunologic dormancy. (biomedcentral.com)
Three molecular mechanisms involved in tumor dormancy have been identified: cellular dormancy (quiescence or mitotic arrest), angiogenic dormancy (limited tumor size), and immunologic dormancy (immunosurveillance, balance between clearance and proliferation) (Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
Mechanisms in tumor dormancy. (biomedcentral.com)
We investigated mechanisms of resistance of liver tumors in mice to infiltrating T cells.Mice were given hydrodynamic tail vein injections of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas9 (CRISPR-Cas9) and transposon vectors to disrupt Trp53 and overexpress C-Myc (Trp53KO/C-MycOE mice). (stanford.edu)

The crosstalk between pro-tumorigenic immune cells, stromal cells, and cytokines helps to establish the pre-metastatic niche for disseminated circulatory tumor cells and facilitates metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
Tumor dormancy can lead to tumor recurrence locally or to metastasis at a distant site. (biomedcentral.com)

By focusing on the critical roles of different metabolic programs, such as glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid oxidation, fatty acid synthesis, and amino acid metabolism, as well as their essential regulators in modulating Treg proliferation, migration, and function, we hope to provide new insights into Treg cell-targeted antitumor immunotherapies. (biomedcentral.com)
According to current challenges, there is a need to explore innovative immunotherapies, maximize the tumor-killing efficacy of γδ T cells, and attenuate or eliminate tumor immunosuppression. (explorationpub.com)
Efficacy of immunotherapies against the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in lung tumors or melanomal demonstrated the importance of the immune checkpoints in the control of emergence and growth of tumors [ 2 ]. (springer.com)

In addition, macrophages are known to play critical roles in antitumor immunity. (iiarjournals.org)
The role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in cancer is often correlated with poor prognosis, even though this statement should be interpreted with care, as the effects of macrophages primarily depend on their localization within the tumor. (nutriforce.cn)
Our findings indicate that tumor associated macrophages including Kupffer cells, have a profound impact on liver cancer and I am studying the molecular basis for these effects. (stanford.edu)

To determine if Th17-inducing vaccines are therapeutically effective in OC, we created a murine model of Th17-inducing dendritic cell (DC) (Th17-DC) vaccination generated by stimulating IL-15 while blocking p38 MAPK in bone marrow-derived DCs, followed by antigen pulsing. (bmj.com)
It has been suggested that a high single dose of RT may induce an immune response that leads to the priming of antigen-specific dendritic cells (DCs). (amegroups.org)
Vaccination with tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cells elicits antigen-specific, cytotoxic T-cells in patients with malignant glioma. (nwbio.com)
Dendritic cells acquire antigen from apoptotic cells and induce class I-restricted CTLs. (nwbio.com)
Phase I/II study of vaccination with electrofused allogeneic dendritic cells/autologous tumor-derived cells in patients with stage IV renal cell carcinoma. (nwbio.com)

Moreover, it has been used in traditional oriental medicines for treating various kinds of tumors and is believed to have various biological activities [ 5 ]. (ijpsonline.com)

This experiment provides clear evidence that the immune system does, in fact, play a role in eradication of tumor cells. (wikipedia.org)
There is compelling clinical and experimental evidence to suggest that natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in the recognition and eradication of tumors. (frontiersin.org)
More importantly, we show that Axl inhibition induces an adaptive immune resistance evidenced by unregulated PD-L1 expression on tumor cells and combined Axl inhibition with PD-1 blockade mounts a potent synergistic antitumor efficacy leading to tumor eradication. (oncotarget.com)
Therefore, understanding the TME and its immune cell components are equally important as cancer cell characteristics for tumor eradication. (biomedcentral.com)

Due to the key role of antigen presenting cells, we believe that the presence of DC subsets and the activation of IFN-I/IFN-III pathways in these DCs are essential for initiating anti-tumor immune surveillance at an early stage of tumor development. (crcl.fr)
First, MB49 expresses the male antigen, H-Y. Thus, when grown in syngeneic female mice, H-Y provides a surrogate tumor-specific antigen for study. (jefferson.edu)
Using MB49, we demonstrate that tumor-induced IL-10 inhibits the generation of a type I immune response against a tumor antigen as measured by Interferon (IFN)-γ production, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) generation, and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction. (jefferson.edu)

The CD56 bright population produces immunoregulatory cytokines, including interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-B), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GMCSF), IL-10, and IL-13 ( 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
Tuberculosis has been reported in patients treated for arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and other conditions with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha blockers/antagonists. (medscape.com)

The antitumor effect provided by natural killing has been observed in tumors of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic origins and reported in diverse in vivo models and clinical series ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
However, the clinical application of tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells has certain limitations. (explorationpub.com)
The pre-clinical LMP1/CD40-expressing transgenic mouse model is characterized by B-cell specific CD40 signaling responsible for NF-κB continuous activation with a spleen monoclonal B-cell tumor after 1 year in 60% of cases. (springer.com)
Fusion cell vaccination of patients with metastatic breast and renal cancer induces immunological and clinical responses. (nwbio.com)
In their review " Natural and Adaptive Immunity to Cancer ", Vesely and colleagues draw from recent mouse models of cancer and human clinical data to describe how cells, effector molecules, and pathways of the immune system act to suppress and control tumor cells. (massgenomics.org)
However, many patients who exhibit no clinical symptoms after frontline therapy subsequently suffer, often many years later, aggressive tumor recurrence. (biomedcentral.com)
Tumor dormancy is a recognized clinical phenomenon in which disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) remain occult, asymptomatic, and undetectable over a prolonged period of time. (biomedcentral.com)

GSEA analysis found STARD12 and STARD14 were associated with glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation and tumor related signaling pathways. (medsci.org)
This expression was dependent on activation of either NF-κB, JAK1/JAK2 or BTK pathways since these pathways were activated in tumor B-cells and ex vivo treatment with the inhibitory molecules PHA-408, ruxolitinib and ibrutinib led to decrease of its expression. (springer.com)
Apparently, certain immune system pathways (e.g. inflammation) instead serve to promote tumor growth. (massgenomics.org)
In hematological malignancies, exosome-mediated expulsion of a number of key proteins and micro RNAs, resulting in influence of major tumor-related pathways. (bbrc.in)
In contrast, infection fector cells or from blockage of intra- of action associated with oncogenic with certain pathogens, such as hu- cel ular pathways essential for anti- viruses, may escape immune sur- man immunodeficiency virus type 1 gen recognition or of other elements veillance in immunosuppressed indi- (HIV-1) or malaria parasites, is per- of the immune response. (who.int)

2004) Tumor cells may, through mutations, often begin producing large quantities of inhibitory cytokines IL-10, or transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) (Khong and Restifo, 2002) thereby suppressing the immune system, allowing for large-scale proliferation (Salazar-Onfray et al. (wikipedia.org)
Treatment of LMP1/CD40-expressing lymphomatous mice with an anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody induced tumor regression with decreased spleen content, activation and proliferation rate of B-cells as well as a marked increase in T-cell activation, as assessed by CD62L and CD44 expression. (springer.com)
Dormancy can be induced by more than one mechanism: cellular dormancy (quiescence), angiogenic dormancy (tumor mass size limit), and immunologic dormancy (immunosurveillance, balance between proliferation and apoptosis). (biomedcentral.com)

In 2001, it was shown that mice deficient in RAG-2 (Recombinase Activator Gene 2) were far less capable of preventing MCA induced tumours than were wild type mice. (wikipedia.org)
2001) Another experiment involving interferon gamma (IFNγ−/−) showed that these mice are more likely to develop certain types of cancers as well, and suggests a role of CD4+ T cells in tumor immunity, which produce large amounts of IFNγ (Street et al. (wikipedia.org)
2002) Perforin deficient mice were also shown to have a reduced ability to ward off MCA induced cancers, suggesting an important role of CD8+ T cells. (wikipedia.org)
It has been noted that tumors that persist in the equilibrium phase show reduced immunogenicity when compared to tumors which have been grown in immunodeficient mice (Shankaran et al. (wikipedia.org)
Methods ID8 tumor cells were injected intraperitoneally into mice. (bmj.com)
FAM3D deficiency significantly ameliorates angiotensin II (AngII)-induced hypertension in mice. (bvsalud.org)
In addition, tumor models were characterized in vivo in C57Bl/6NCrl mice in terms of their histological properties, tumor growth kinetics, and radiosensitivity. (biomedcentral.com)
The study showed that bacterium Helicobacter hepaticus boosted adaptive immune response and prompted selective activation of Helper T cells and antibody-producing B cells, causing colon tumors to shrink and lengthening survival in mice. (innatechoice.com)
To test whether anti-tumor immunity could be enhanced by modulating the composition of bacterial populations in the colon, Pitt researchers colonized the guts of mice with colon cancer with H. hepaticus -- a bacterium that inhabits thick mucus in the gut lining and induces a strong immune response. (innatechoice.com)
Addition of H. hepaticus [probiotic bacteria or normal flora for mice] significantly reduced the number and size of tumors and extended animals' lifespans. (innatechoice.com)
Adding single type of bacteria to gut microbiome boosted anti-tumor immunity in mice. (innatechoice.com)
Consequently, growth of MB49 in IL-10 knockout (KO) mice, whose infiltrating cells are unable to produce IL-10, allows for the removal of the IL-10 normally associated with this tumor. (jefferson.edu)
Tumors from mice given anti-PD1 had larger numbers of memory CD8+ T cells (CD44+CD62L-KLRG1int) and T cells that expressed PD1, lymphocyte activating 3 (LAG3), and TIGIT compared with mice not given the antibody. (stanford.edu)
In Trp53KO/C-MycOE mice and mice with tumors grown from Hepa1-6 cells, injection of the combination of anti-PD1 and anti-TIGIT significantly reduced tumor growth, increased the ratio of cytotoxic to regulatory T cells in tumors, and prolonged survival.PVRL1, which is up-regulated by HCC cells, stabilizes cell surface PVR, which interacts with TIGIT, an inhibitory molecule on CD8+ effector memory T cells. (stanford.edu)
Wpep-DGL/Pt showed potent antitumor efficacy in MDA-MB-231 cells tumor-bearing nude mice with a deficient immune system, demonstrating targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics and the resultant cytotoxicity. (thno.org)
Furthermore, in immunocompetent mice bearing 4T1 cells tumors, Wpep-DGL/Pt activated immune cells and induced cell death proving their dual function of chemotherapeutic and immunomodulatory efficacy. (thno.org)

On the one hand, tumor cells are under immunosurveillance in the presence of various proinflammatory cells, such as CD8 + cytotoxic T cells, CD4 + type 1 helper T (Th1) cells, and natural killer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Activated γδ T cells exhibit strong cytotoxic activity and cytokine secretion functions and are effective antitumor lymphocytes with simple and direct recognition modes and rapid responses. (explorationpub.com)

Monoclonals that we were able to develop from tumor specific proteins derived from colon and pancreas cancer were found capable of targeting those tumors to induce apoptosis. (jcancer.org)
In this investigation, the role of autophagy and apoptosis in Solanum nigrum fruit extract-induced cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-468, a triple negative breast cancer cell line was studied. (ijpsonline.com)
Solanum nigrum (SN) is a herb with anticancer effects such as destruction of tumor cell membrane, induction of apoptosis by NF-kappaB, caspase activation, nitric oxide production and inhibition of angiogenesis [ 3 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
Another approach is recombinant oncolytic viruses that can replicate specifically in tumor cells and induce toxic effects leading to cell lysis and apoptosis. (mdpi.com)
TNF , TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand ( TRAIL ), and Fas ligand ( FasL ). (massgenomics.org)

In addition, the signals that lead to the recruitment of cDC1 within the tumor, and the signals/cytokines selectively produced by cDC1 and delivered to CD8 LTs to activate them are poorly described. (crcl.fr)

However, much remains unknown regarding whether circRNAs impact immune escape in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). (biomedcentral.com)
Our results reveal the function of circIGF2BP3 in causing immune escape from CD8 + T cell-mediated killing through a decrease in PD-L1 ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation by stabilizing OTUB1 mRNA in a PKP3-dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
Given the potent suppressive properties of this cytokine, we hypothesized that its presence at the site of progressively growing tumors represents an immune escape mechanism utilized by tumors to avoid detection by the immune system. (jefferson.edu)
However, few studies have investigated the role of pancreatic cancer-derived exosomes (PEXs) in DC-meditated immune escape. (jcancer.org)
LncRNAs such as ENST00000560647 and mRNAs such as lgmn might play a critical role in immune escape of DCs treated with PEX. (jcancer.org)

The inhibition of circIGF2BP3/PKP3 enhanced the treatment efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy in a Lewis lung carcinoma mouse model. (biomedcentral.com)
This work sheds light on a novel mechanism of PD-L1 regulation in NSCLC and provides a rationale to enhance the efficacy of anti-PD-1 treatment in NSCLC. (biomedcentral.com)
A series of in vitro and in vivo analyses, including physical and chemical characterizations, targeting property, biosafety, and antitumor efficacy of Wpep-DGL/Pt were systematically carried out. (thno.org)

Systemic immunity, tumor associated immunity, tumor size and survival were examined using a variety of experimental strategies. (bmj.com)
It has become clear that hypoxia shapes and induces specific macrophage phenotypes that serve tumor malignancy, as hypoxia promotes immune evasion, angiogenesis, tumor cell survival, and metastatic dissemination. (nutriforce.cn)
Tumor-infiltrating immune cells are an important component of the TIME and are a significant predictor of cancer patients' survival. (biomedcentral.com)
This study retrospectively analyzed serum lymphocyte subsets and survival outcomes in intracranial germ cell tumors (iGCTs) patients. (researchsquare.com)
The benefit of dual checkpoint blockade with anti CTLA-4 and anti PD-1 inhibitor over monotherapy with a CTLA-4 inhibitor has been shown, with durable disease control and improved overall survival (OS). (biomedcentral.com)

NK cell infiltration into tumor tissue is associated with better disease prognosis in colorectal cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and lung carcinomas ( 9 - 11 ). (frontiersin.org)

Dormancy can occur at the earliest stage of tumor development but also when remnant tumor cells escape treatment. (biomedcentral.com)

This includes the early recognition of these immunogenic membrane proteins that can serve as diagnostic markers, and the targeting of such markers for the destruction of the tumor, primarily thru ADCC. (jcancer.org)
The monoclonals (mAbs) that we have developed against specific immunogenic tumor membrane proteins have been studied in detail. (jcancer.org)
Tumor cells were cultured in vitro with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, which stabilizes SLiPs and DRiPs, shunting proteins into the autophagy pathway [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Numerous cellular proteins detect DNA damage and induce senescence , a permanent change of state characterized by morphological and gene expression changes. (massgenomics.org)
If we can authorize the pregnant proteins and find the mechanism of let mutation bear a claim to of diploid virile gamete when the microsporangium of G. biloba was induced not later than colchicine, we can drink a spike to optimize the ploidy breeding method in G. biloba. (upb.ro)

Th17-inducing vaccines overcome IL-10-mediated resistance of ovarian cancer to anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade therapy. (bmj.com)
Additionally, TAMs in the hypoxic niches within the tumor are known to mediate resistance to several anticancer treatments and to promote cancer relapse. (nutriforce.cn)
One of the hallmarks of breast cancer is resistance of tumor cells to cell death. (ijpsonline.com)
Tumor cell dormancy may help to explain treatment resistance and recurrence or metastatic reactivation. (biomedcentral.com)

The other approach is to screen CRISPR-Cas9-based guide RNA (gRNA) libraries that target either the whole genome using cancer cell and immune cell co-culture systems 9 , 10 , or focused gene sets using immunocompetent murine tumors 11 , 12 . (nature.com)
We describe two features of a murine model of transitional cell carcinoma, MB49, that render it an attractive in vivo model with which to study the effect of IL-10 on tumor immunity. (jefferson.edu)

Here we investigate the impact of different immune pressure on tumor clonal dynamics and immune evasion mechanism, by combining massive parallel sequencing of immune edited tumors and CRISPR library screens in syngeneic mouse tumor model and co-culture system. (nature.com)

Brain tumors in general are derived mostly from glial cells, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, but not neurons. (abta.org)
Intracranial Germ Cell Tumors (iGCTs) are rare brain tumors that originate from embryonic germ cells. (researchsquare.com)

CD4+ T cells (mature T-helper cells) play an important role in modulating immune responses to pathogens and tumor cells, and are important in orchestrating overall immune responses. (wikipedia.org)
Their advantage lies in the ability to perceive tumors with a low mutation load, thus establishing the first line of defense against pathogens. (explorationpub.com)

For recent decades, it has been recognized that malignant tumor cells potentially induce local and systemic immunosuppression 9 . (researchsquare.com)

In vitro T cell-mediated killing assays and in vivo syngeneic mouse models were used to investigate the functional roles of circIGF2BP3 and its downstream target PKP3 in antitumor immunity in NSCLC. (biomedcentral.com)
Functionally, elevated circIGF2BP3 inactivated cocultured T cells in vitro and compromised antitumor immunity in an immunocompetent mouse model, and this effect was dependent on CD8 + T cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Recent promising studies demonstrate that immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) can induce objective intracranial response. (abta.org)
Alternative inhibitory receptors have been identified that may be targeted for anti-tumor immune therapy, such as lymphocyte-activation gene-3 (LAG-3), as have several potential target oncogenes for molecularly targeted therapy, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. (biomedcentral.com)
Immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective in the treatment of some hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), but these tumors do not always respond to inhibitors of programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1, also called PD1). (stanford.edu)
Inhibitors of PVRL1/TIGIT, along with anti-PD1 might be developed for treatment of HCC. (stanford.edu)

The monoclonals, so produced, were not only more efficient in controlling tumor growth but minimized the development of a HAMA response. (jcancer.org)

Consistent with this, MOC1-HPV K1 tumors had a lower percentage of hypoxic tumor area and a higher percentage of proliferating cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Finally, the innate immunity or adaptive immunity is stimulated leading to regulation and inhibition of tumor growth. (thno.org)

It is required by FDA that the potential effects of tumor control and toxicity be defined using the naked antibodies produced under GMP conditions, In those situations where patients with recurrent malignancies are to be studied we have come to realize that a number of factors can influence the response to monoclonal therapy. (jcancer.org)

Furthermore, antagonism of formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) and FPR2 or the suppression of oxidative stress blunts FAM3D-induced eNOS uncoupling. (bvsalud.org)
Therapeutic intervention aims to reverse tumor-induced NK cell suppression and sustain NK cells' tumorlytic capacities. (frontiersin.org)
The severe immune plants is that suppression of the patients in whom it has been used deficiency that is characteristic of immune response can allow occult as an antineoplastic agent ( IARC, AIDS results from a deficiency in tumours or metastatic tumour cel s 2012b ). (who.int)

There is currently little evidence to support the existence of an equilibrium phase, aside from the observation that cancers have been shown to lie dormant, i.e. to go into remission, in a person's body for years before re-emerging again in the final escape phase. (wikipedia.org)
Most patients carry a missing or damaged p53 gene, a tumor suppressor whose activity is impaired in almost 50% of all cancers. (nature.com)

In contrast, those studying IL-10 in tumor systems by other means consistently reported that IL-10 inhibits anti-tumor immunity. (jefferson.edu)
In summary, our studies clearly demonstrate that IL-10 inhibits anti-tumor immunity. (jefferson.edu)

As a consequence, they cannot directly activate the specific CD4+ T cell-mediated tumor immunity, which is essential for the development of adaptive immune responses. (amegroups.org)

Arlen M, Arlen P, Tsang A, Wang X, Gupta R. The Therapeutic Value of Monoclonal Antibodies Directed Against Immunogenic Tumor Glycoproteins. (jcancer.org)
Tumor-derived autophagosome vaccines (DRibbles) have the potential to broaden immune response to poorly immunogenic tumors. (biomedcentral.com)

Due to the extremely high rate of mutation of cancer cells, it is probable that many will escape the elimination phase, and progress into the equilibrium phase. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] As the name implies, the escape phase is characterized by a reduced immunogenicity of the cancer cells, their subsequent evasion of the immune system and their ability to be clinically detected. (wikipedia.org)
Anti-angiogenic therapy is an old method to fight cancer that aims to abolish the nutrient and oxygen supply to the tumor cells through the decrease of the vascular network and the avoidance of new blood vessels formation. (mdpi.com)
Most of the anti-angiogenic agents approved for cancer treatment rely on targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) actions, as VEGF signaling is considered the main angiogenesis promotor. (mdpi.com)
Moreover, cancer cells found within hypoxic regions are presumed to represent the most aggressive and therapy-resistant fractions of the tumor. (nutriforce.cn)
Lung cancer is the first leading diagnosed malignant tumor globally [ 1 ]. (medsci.org)
The pioneering research provides strong evidence in favor of leveraging gut microbiota to treat advanced colon cancer tumors resistant to conventional drug and immune therapies. (innatechoice.com)
Scientists observed increased infiltration of Helper T cells, B cells and natural killer (NK) cells to the tumor site and formation of highly organized structures that create a favorable environment for immune cell maturation and indicate cancer treatments are more likely to be successful. (innatechoice.com)
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive form of tumor. (ijpsonline.com)
This represents a cancer that does not respond to most available treatments and usually escapes adjuvant therapy. (ijpsonline.com)
Recently, increased attention is on antitumor herbs for cancer cure with fewer side effects compared to chemical agents. (ijpsonline.com)
Cancer cells acquire genetic heterogeneity to escape from immune surveillance during tumor evolution, but a systematic approach to distinguish driver from passenger mutations is lacking. (nature.com)
The interaction of all these factors could lead to cancer cells escaping the immune system ( 6 ). (amegroups.org)
During the tumor initiation stage, cancer cells escape from immune surveillance. (biomedcentral.com)
Interestingly, we found no or little type I IFN secreted in breast tumors unlike IFN-III again suggesting a major role of IFN-III in breast cancer 12 . (crcl.fr)
However, cancer cells exploit these checkpoints to evade immune surveillance and suppress antitumor immune responses. (biomedcentral.com)

NK cells are now accepted to play an important role in both the adaptive and innate immune responses that govern infection, autoimmunity, and tumor immunosurveillance ( 2 , 3 ). (frontiersin.org)

Defects in cell-mediated immunity (CMI) and level of immunocompetence are major determinants for development of disease. (medscape.com)

Translationally, targeting endothelial FAM3D by adeno-associated virus or intraperitoneal injection of FAM3D-neutralizing antibodies markedly ameliorates AngII- or deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt-induced hypertension. (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy21

Organisms13

Diseases69

Chemicals and Drugs57

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment47

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes53

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science4

Health Care7

Microenvironment39

Antigens15

Immunotherapy12

Progression16

Solid tumors6

Immunosuppressive7

Metastatic tumors1

Mechanisms11

Metastasis2

Immunotherapies3

Macrophages3

Dendritic5

Kinds of tumors1

Eradication4

Antigen3

Necrosis2

Clinical7

Pathways5

Proliferation3

Mice16

Cytotoxic2

Apoptosis5

Cytokines1

Immune escape5

Efficacy3

Survival5

Colorectal1

Stage of tumor development1

Proteins5

Resistance4

Murine2

Mouse tumor model1

Brain tumors2

Pathogens2

Immunosuppression1

Vitro2

Inhibitors4

Controlling tumor growth1

Hypoxic tumor1

Inhibition of tumor1

Effects of tumor1

Suppression3

Cancers2

Inhibits2

Adaptive immune1

Immunogenic2

Cancer16

Immunosurveillance1

Cell-mediated1

Antibodies1