• For example, social insect behavior is largely cooperative, and the survival of social insect colonies trumps the survival of individual social insects. (azpest.com)
  • In order to understand how social insect behavior evolved, researchers have investigated the clonal raider ant of Asia. (azpest.com)
  • In this review, drawing on findings from behavioral economics and neuroeconomics, we firstly identify decision contexts in which emotion overrides reason to influence human behaviors and then discuss how cognition regulates emotion as well as how emotion and cognition cooperate to influence decisions. (frontiersin.org)
  • CP motor disorders are often accompanied by epilepsy, secondary musculoskeletal problems and disturbances of sensation, perception, cognition, communication and behavior. (bvsalud.org)
  • Polymorphisms within TraA govern social recognition such that receptors cluster only between individuals bearing compatible alleles. (nature.com)
  • The ability to recognize kin allows related individuals to form social groups, such as colonies of ants, schools of fish, flocks of birds, and herds of mammals. (nature.com)
  • Myxococcus xanthus is a soil bacterium that is well known for its social behaviors and its ability to transition from unicellular into multicellular life by an aggregation strategy. (nature.com)
  • There are many aspects of social, colonial, and individual behavior that are puzzling and difficult to understand. (cornell.edu)
  • We use a number of different types of theoretical, mathematical and computational models to examine a few areas of insect and social behavior related to cooperation. (cornell.edu)
  • Maximize your benefit or abide by larger cooperative social norms? (carnegiecouncil.org)
  • More extensive genome sequencing could provide fundamental insights into pathways involved in complex social behavior of bacteria, and can discover a source of genes with biotechnological potential. (wikipedia.org)
  • Insects like ants, bees, termites and many wasps have evolved under cooperative social circumstances. (azpest.com)
  • This I have attempted to provide through the theory of methodological localism ( post ) -- the idea that the causal nexus of the social world is constituted by the behaviors of socially situated and socially constructed individuals. (blogspot.com)
  • To put the claim in its extreme form, every social mechanism derives from facts about institutional context, the features of the social construction and development of individuals, and the factors governing purposive agency in specific sorts of settings. (blogspot.com)
  • By mid-level theory I mean essentially the same thing that Robert Merton meant to convey when he introduced the term: an account of the real social processes that take place above the level of isolated individual action but below the level of full theories of whole social systems. (blogspot.com)
  • Many organisms coordinate rhythmic motor actions with those of a partner to generate cooperative social behavior such as duet singing. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • P eople often recognize social behaviors in complex organisms such as insects, nonhuman primates, and humans. (the-scientist.com)
  • Cooperative behaviors generally occur among related individuals, but mate fidelity is not common in lizard species, and this may explain the rarity of such social behavior in these reptiles. (reptilesmagazine.com)
  • Harris's Hawks are highly social raptors, often found in groups with complex social hierarchies that engage in cooperative hunting and breeding. (allaboutbirds.org)
  • Bacteria are social organisms that interact and coordinate their behaviors to shape our world. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • Competitive markets are examples (subset) of the Prisoners' Dilemma, which explains the conflict between individual self-interested behavior and cooperation both in economic markets and in legislative bodies and demonstrates the need for social infrastructure and regulation of pollution and global warming. (rowman.com)
  • One common misconception about online gaming is that it fosters isolation and anti-social behavior. (robots.net)
  • By setting boundaries and engaging in a healthy gaming routine, individuals can enjoy the social benefits of online gaming without neglecting their real-life relationships. (robots.net)
  • Hmong parenting practices that relate to assigning farm tasks are somewhat more authoritarian-based and lead to interpersonal and social skills that are more group-oriented than individual-oriented. (cdc.gov)
  • His main interest in all these areas is the individual consumer and how her behaviour can be changed towards higher levels of economic, social, and environmental sustainability. (lu.se)
  • El capital social es un ingrediente crítico de la cohesión social, pero una comunidad puede poseer un fuerte capital social a través de sus miembros individuales sin que esos recursos contribuyan a la cohesión social general (o en el caso de algunos grupos, como el Ku Klux Klan, realmente pueden ser destructivo de la cohesión social en general). (bvsalud.org)
  • Social capital is a critical ingredient of social cohesion, but a community can possess strong social capital through its individual members without those resources contributing to overall social cohesion (or in the case of some groups, such as the Ku Klux Klan, they can actually be destructive of social cohesion at large). (bvsalud.org)
  • Factors affecting the involvement of nurses in health promotion - ranging from limited knowledge about health promotion to the social image of nursing - can be structured into three levels: the micro (individual), meso (organizational) and macro (population). (who.int)
  • By understanding the interplay of factors between and within the levels, nurses and other health professionals can draw on the individual, social and organizational factors that influence nurses' role in health promotion. (who.int)
  • In 1950, Tinbergen and Perdeck tested the effects of visual stimuli on begging behavior by gull chicks, elucidating which characteristics of their parent's bills the chicks were reacting to. (wikipedia.org)
  • Paraphilic disorders must be distinguished from nonpathologic use of sexual fantasies, behaviors, or objects as stimuli for sexual excitement. (medscape.com)
  • Given that evolution concerns individuals, there has been a lot of controversy over how altruism might have evolved. (schneier.com)
  • We discuss how the results of these models demonstrate gaps in the current knowledge of honey bee behavior and motivate further research on queen movement patterns. (cornell.edu)
  • This study provides insights into the utilization patterns of individuals participating in an incentivized, Web-based self-monitoring program. (jmir.org)
  • The University of Minnesota Agricultur al Safety and Health team's research project investigates culture-specific health behavior patterns in order to develop appropriate health promotion methods for Hmong farm ing families. (cdc.gov)
  • Substance Use Disorders Substance use disorders generally involve behavior patterns in which people continue to use a substance (for example, a recreational drug) despite having problems caused by its use. (msdmanuals.com)
  • While the ultimate causation for begging is an increase in the animal's individual fitness, several theories have been proposed for how food begging evolved proximate causes including scramble competition, honest signalling of need, and cooperative begging by siblings. (wikipedia.org)
  • An animal's behavior is the product of millions of years of competition. (azpest.com)
  • Researchers have known for more than 20 years that bacteria participate in collective behaviors such as forming biofilms and acquiring nutrients from the environment. (the-scientist.com)
  • These bacteria do not pay the cost of producing public goods but still consume the shareable resources produced by other cooperative bacteria. (the-scientist.com)
  • Then, we explore selective pres- sures that might favor submaximal parasitism behavior and discuss the most reasonable explanation for sub-maximal parasitism by H. horticola. (cornell.edu)
  • Host attachment is a necessary behavior in the evolution of parasitism. (springer.com)
  • Our data suggest that facultative parasitism may not simply describe a phenotypically plastic strategy that responds to environmental cues, but perhaps that individual differences in parasitic tendencies may appear like facultative parasitism at the population or species level. (springer.com)
  • Begging effort of the unmanipulated target chicks was not affected by the changes in begging behavior of their siblings, supporting the view that in this species, begging is a reliable signal of individual chick state and does not involve responses to the effort of nest mates. (wikipedia.org)
  • Biologists indicate that individuals of many species often act kindly and that kindness is usually extended to genetic relatives. (carnegiecouncil.org)
  • after all, how could a species survive or evolve without resorting to competitive behaviors? (azpest.com)
  • The zoologists noted that species capable of the efficient division of labor, such as jays and ravens (see figures 1 and 2), offer both a higher survival rate and a greater quality of life for the individuals within their species. (reasons.org)
  • Such division of labor demands a high level of trust among the individuals within the species. (reasons.org)
  • 2 Ninety percent of all bird species display monogamous behavior. (reasons.org)
  • Yet, the phenotypic landscape in any given species remains largely unexplored due to the technical challenges of systematically profiling individual bacterial cells. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • Do you believe that humans would be better off as cooperative animals, like ants or termites, as opposed to remaining competitive animals? (azpest.com)
  • Recognition, in turn, facilitates related cells to engage in cooperative behaviors. (nature.com)
  • By working together in service-learning projects designed to address real school and community problems, motivated and alienated students alike can engage in cooperative learning. (crf-usa.org)
  • With the advent of smartphones and accessible internet connectivity, individuals of all ages now have the opportunity to engage in online gaming. (robots.net)
  • Most research on cooperation has implicitly assumed that a person's behavior in one cooperative context is related to their behavior in other settings, and at later times. (ssrn.com)
  • The establishment of a culture of performativity and accountability is revealed in children's behavior during cooperative tasks as they tend to work in a competition rather than in a cooperation scheme and perceive their peers more as threats to their individual performance than as a support in their learning process. (asu.edu)
  • aspect of studying terrorism is to analyze dynamic organizational behaviors that change over time [1]. (researchgate.net)
  • Since the formal separation of the Children's and Young Adults' Subject Headings from LCSH in July 2021, all headings currently in use in CYAC subject cataloging have individual authority records and are listed in the Children's and Young Adults' Subject Headings. (loc.gov)
  • On the other side, teachers struggle to rely on a method more process-oriented than product-oriented as they feel that, with no individual and written tasks, they are not able to give account of children's progress and therefore, of their work as teachers. (asu.edu)
  • As much as competition seems to be an inherent aspect of all of nature's organisms, it is surprising that cooperative behaviors even exist at all. (azpest.com)
  • For adults to invest so much in a home within which their kids mature, so it makes evolutionary sense that these adult individuals are sure that they are providing for their own offspring,' said Adam Stow, Senior Lecturer in Biology at Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia. (reptilesmagazine.com)
  • Hey and Orme, 1994 ), we define reason as a process in which individuals analyze the pros and cons of the presented alternatives, calculate the utility of different options, and then choose one option that leads to a maximal profit. (frontiersin.org)
  • Current literature suggests that terrorism has an evolutionary nature and terrorist groups change behavior according to a government's counter-terrorism policies. (researchgate.net)
  • 2 Strategic culture is a model often used in strategic studies to explain how culture affects the behaviors and decisions that leaders and states make. (ausa.org)
  • The prisoner's dilemma models many real-world situations involving strategic behavior. (wikipedia.org)
  • Whereas their clonal populations are genetically identical, they contain phenotypically distinct individuals. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • But being part of a cooperative group does not necessarily mean that every individual bacterium plays by the rules. (the-scientist.com)
  • Additionally, for a bacterium to be considered a cheater, it has to evolve from an ancestrally cooperative state. (the-scientist.com)
  • The designer's task also expands to designing the interaction behavior of such play environments, keeping in mind that interaction is a dynamic property that develops and changes over time. (ijdesign.org)
  • But they must be behavioral, since otherwise individuals would not want to run the risk of interaction. (repec.org)
  • Microeconomics studies the behavior of economic agents, such as households and firms, and their interaction with various forms of economic institutions. (lu.se)
  • Designated a polytechnic in 2022, Cal Poly Humboldt provides hands-on, impactful educational opportunities that lead to meaningful, measurable outcomes for the individual, for the state, and the world. (chronicle.com)
  • We find that teams of three subjects each coordinate much more efficiently than individuals. (aeaweb.org)
  • This is the method by which individuals seek to gain more food than their siblings to increase their own individual fitness. (wikipedia.org)
  • Parental tests using DNA analysis showed that immature individuals within the same burrow were mostly full siblings, even when several different ages were present. (reptilesmagazine.com)
  • Future work will concentrate on the parental care that the great desert skink provides, the effort different individuals put into homemaking and the identification of lazy siblings that might be shirking their home maintenance responsibilities, and how this is managed by other group members. (reptilesmagazine.com)
  • This work provides a conceptual framework for how microbes use a fluid outer membrane receptor to recognize and assemble kin cells into a cooperative multicellular community that resembles a tissue. (nature.com)
  • Strikingly, some microbes are able to transition into a state where related individuals assemble themselves into an organized multicellular entity. (nature.com)
  • It also facilitates cooperative interactions between different sub-populations via specialization in costly activities such as virulence factor production and through metabolite exchanges, forming an extended basis for sociality. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • [4] The prisoner's dilemma also illustrates that decisions made under collective rationality may differ from those made under individual rationality. (wikipedia.org)
  • The researchers found that colonies containing as few as six ants began to demonstrate cooperative behavior by forming divisions of labor. (azpest.com)
  • The participants' profits also demonstrate that majority decisions are better: those groups which were able to choose democratically were more cooperative and so also made greater profits. (science20.com)
  • Project examines health behaviors and health promotion methods for Hmong farm ing families. (cdc.gov)
  • Another active group of researchers uses empirical and experimental methods to understand individual decision making and behavior in games. (lu.se)
  • Methods: A total of 181 individuals with CP, aged 8.30±4.10 years were examined for dental caries diagnosis in primary, mixed and permanent dentitions. (bvsalud.org)
  • This study was performed to evaluate health data self-tracking characteristics of individuals enrolled in the Walgreens' BRhc program, including the impact of manual versus automatic data entries through a supported device or apps. (jmir.org)
  • Studies have been conducted which manipulated the competitive environment of individual European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) chicks by altering the state of nest mates while holding the state of target chicks constant. (wikipedia.org)
  • Jalil M, Rodriguez JG (1970) Studies of behavior of Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Acarina: Macrochelidae) with emphasis on its attraction to the house fly. (springer.com)
  • Members of the group have published in leading journals such as Econometrica, American Economic Review, Journal of Economic Theory, Theoretical Economics, Games and Economic Behavior and Management Science, The Review of Economic Studies, Economic Journal och Experimental Economics. (lu.se)
  • Personality and Individual Differences 35:1735-1752, 2003. (siicsalud.com)
  • Microbes produce perceptible cues that reflect their self-identity to recognize proximal individuals bearing the same cues. (nature.com)
  • Like most commentators, he distinguishes cooperatives from mere employee-owned firms, for instance those that have ESOPs, which do not require employee participation in their management. (libcom.org)
  • The paper shows that a conception of learning (as private achievement), of person (as individual) and of classroom participation (as competition) are at play within the accountability educational system. (asu.edu)
  • Mathematical models provide an ideal tool for understanding the possible behaviors of systems under different hypotheses, often providing surprising insights about the actual effects of different model pieces. (cornell.edu)
  • And how did cooperative behaviors evolve in a world inhabited by competitive animals? (azpest.com)
  • Given these observations, the researchers believe that cooperative animals may evolve more readily than competing animals, as cooperative animals ensure that each member of a colony are well cared for. (azpest.com)
  • This failure to cooperate with the future is driven primarily by a minority of individuals who extract far more than what is sustainable. (schneier.com)
  • Matthias' research focuses on sustainable consumption behavior. (lu.se)
  • Technical systems of the future are Companion Systems - cognitive technical systems that individualize their behavior to the current state and their current user: they adapt to a user's capabilities, preferences, requirements, and current needs and take into account both the situation and the emotional state of the individual user. (uni-ulm.de)
  • Research has shown that online games can stimulate cognitive abilities, improve memory, and enhance problem-solving skills for older individuals. (robots.net)
  • The biblical standard of one man remaining monogamously attached to one woman for life has been diluted to grant an individual the legal right to an unlimited number of divorces and remarriages for any cause or reason. (reasons.org)
  • Ultimately, each individual thus benefits if tax evaders are punished. (science20.com)
  • And although rewards seemed to have little effect on the punishing group's behavior, early negative sanctions ultimately eliminated the need to impose punishments at all. (scientificamerican.com)
  • Evidently, monogamy between individual pairs of birds goes a long way to providing that level of trust. (reasons.org)
  • These gregarious hawks employ some of the most sophisticated cooperative hunting strategies known in birds, and they feed according to dominance hierarchies within the group. (allaboutbirds.org)
  • If individuals are sufficiently confident that nothing too bad will happen, they are freed up to interact with strangers as if they were in a state of nature. (repec.org)
  • Online gaming provides a platform for individuals with shared interests to interact and form friendships, breaking down geographical barriers. (robots.net)
  • A capacity-building contract to provide qualified individuals with opportunities to pursue MS and PhD degrees focused on ground control, research the cause of mining-induced seismicity, and improve safety in burst-prone coal mines. (cdc.gov)
  • Previous research has revealed the impact of extrinsic factors on the expression of parasitic tendencies, but to our knowledge, the role of individual behavioral variation driving parasitic tendencies remains to be tested. (springer.com)
  • Other research areas include cooperative and non-cooperative game theory, public economics and industrial organization. (lu.se)
  • The advent of digital technology has enabled individuals to track meaningful biometric data about themselves. (jmir.org)
  • First, in Study 1, participants (n = 222) provided us with at least three and up to 10 examples of autonomous behaviors, for a total of 807 meaningful examples. (bvsalud.org)
  • We use both theoretical models and empirical results to explore several plausible explanations for this behavior. (cornell.edu)
  • The literature on the determinants of efficient coordination has focused on individual decision making so far. (aeaweb.org)
  • We suggest that rhythmic cooperative behavior requires exact interindividual coordination of premotor neural activity, which might be achieved by integration of sensory information originating from the interacting partner. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Generally in food solicitation, begging behavior is instinctive, although in some instances it is learned (e.g. pet cats and dogs). (wikipedia.org)
  • Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. (arxiv.org)
  • Since natural selection favors individuals with more offspring, it is puzzling that these wasps do not use more of the available resources. (cornell.edu)
  • Here, we used repeated behavioral assays to quantify attachment propensity and activity level of individual Macrocheles muscaedomesticae , facultatively parasitic mites of flies, from two different populations. (springer.com)
  • Last, we explore the related, but more general question of the evolution of cooperative behaviors. (cornell.edu)
  • You can't explain this dramatic change in behavior by saying that people are just looking for the best payoff. (scientificamerican.com)
  • change behavior according to a government' s counter-terrorism policies. (researchgate.net)
  • ist groups' behaviors change dynamically over time and af fect individual terrorist behaviors. (researchgate.net)
  • As well, 40% of the patients receiving citalopram had moderate or marked improvement from baseline severity on the 7-point modified Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study-Clinical Global Impression of Change score, which assesses items specific to agitation in AD. (medscape.com)
  • They can offer students emotional as well as academic support, establish clear guidelines defining what behaviors are appropriate and which are not, and develop restorative responses to miscondu ct. (crf-usa.org)
  • It can be a source of connection and support for individuals who have difficulty socializing in traditional settings. (robots.net)
  • By interacting with groups and individuals outside their peer groups and subcultures, students may model new behaviors from positive role models they can respect on their own terms. (crf-usa.org)
  • Groups can consist of up to seven individuals, including both related and unrelated adults of different ages. (allaboutbirds.org)
  • attacks is a significant challenge for governments due to the uncertain tactics and behavior of terrorist groups. (researchgate.net)
  • Team-targeted rudeness may underlie such performance deficiencies, with individuals exposed to rude behavior being less helpful and cooperative. (nih.gov)
  • Through this opportunity, funded investigators will explore syphilis through the lens of individual and network level factors as well as health care accessing and behavior. (cdc.gov)
  • Prior publications have described CSF program efforts to reduce hazardous exposures, disabling injuries, organic dust toxic syndrome, occupational health-care costs, and to increase positive occupational health behaviors. (cdc.gov)
  • In relatively large communities, it is more difficult - individuals do not always know who they are impacting and so some don't obey the rules and often exploit the willingness of others to cooperate. (science20.com)
  • The prisoner's dilemma is a game theory thought experiment that involves two rational agents , each of whom can cooperate for mutual benefit or betray their partner ("defect") for individual reward. (wikipedia.org)
  • A second model is that begging intensity reflects the true condition or need of the individual and that the cost of the signal imposes honesty. (wikipedia.org)
  • We explain the differences between individuals and teams using the experience weighted attraction learning model. (aeaweb.org)
  • I will discuss small cooperatives, sometimes called "collectives," first, since they are the most numerous. (libcom.org)