OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesHealth Care
IndinavirHIV Protease InhibitorsHIV InfectionsRitonavirSaquinavirAnti-HIV AgentsNelfinavirHIV SeropositivityStavudineHIV-1HIV ProteaseOxazinesZidovudineDrug Therapy, CombinationLamivudineDrug InteractionsArea Under CurveCD4 Lymphocyte CountBenzoxazinesPyrimidinonesCarbamatesReverse Transcriptase InhibitorsPyuriaLopinavirViral LoadCytochrome P-450 CYP3AHIV SeroprevalenceHIV SeronegativitySophoraAcquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeDidanosineRNA, Viral
InfectionProtease inhibitorsNelfinavirSaquinavirAntiviralAIDSRitonavir and indinavirReverse transcriptasePlus indinavirEfficacyZidovudineLamivudineDidanosineSulfateInfectionsInhibitionPotent and specificEnzymeInfectiousRegimenStavudineRegimens2001AdultLopinavirClinicalDiagnosis1000ContraindicationsPregnancy1998SuppressionNevirapineExposureSusceptibilityMedsOutcomesUndetectableStrainsDoseHepatitisDosageReductionSignificantly2000TreatmentCopiesAdults and adolescentsMedicinesTherapyHumanParticlesProteinsAntiretroviralsVitroLipodystrophy
Infection46
  • Effective antiretroviral therapy is the most important intervention in terms of improving longevity and preventing opportunistic infections in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. (medscape.com)
  • For more information, see Pediatric HIV Infection . (medscape.com)
  • Hence, inhibition of the HIV protease is one of the most important approaches for the therapeutic intervention in HIV infection and their development is regarded as major success of structure-based drug design. (wikipedia.org)
  • HIV infection was first described in 1981 in San Francisco and New York City. (wikipedia.org)
  • HIV-2 carries a slightly lower risk of transmission than HIV-1 and infection tends to progress more slowly to AIDS. (wikipedia.org)
  • Patients should be counseled that this product does not protect against HIV infection (AIDS) and other sexually transmitted diseases. (nih.gov)
  • Successful highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the treatment of HIV-1 infection is contingent on limiting or avoiding the development of resistance-associated mutations (RAMs). (ajmc.com)
  • 1 The US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the European AIDS Clinical Society recommend initial treatment of HIV-1 infection with once-daily boosted darunavir 800 mg (with ritonavir or cobicistat as additional boosters) combined with 2 nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (N[t]RTIs). (ajmc.com)
  • Once-daily darunavir dosing is indicated for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in treatment-naïve or treatment-experienced patients, provided they do not have any darunavir RAMs. (ajmc.com)
  • Although preventing blood exposures is the primary means of preventing occupationally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, appropriate post-exposure management is an important element of workplace safety (1). (cdc.gov)
  • The average risk for HIV infection from all types of reported percutaneous exposures to HIV-infected blood is 0.3% (3). (cdc.gov)
  • Identification of these risk factors in the case-control study suggests that the risk for HIV infection exceeds 0.3% for percutaneous exposures involving a larger blood volume and/or higher HIV titer in blood. (cdc.gov)
  • HA060 trade name] is indicated for the treatment of HIV infection, as a part of combination therapy. (who.int)
  • The standard of care in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is the use of a triple drug antiretroviral regimen. (who.int)
  • The drugs for treatment of HIV infection are categorized as nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), protease inhibitors (PIs) and non- nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). (who.int)
  • Stavudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor that is FDA approved for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection. (wikidoc.org)
  • Stavudine capsules, in combination with other antiretroviral agents, are indicated for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection. (wikidoc.org)
  • Efavirenz is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in adults and in pediatric patients at least 3 months old and weighing at least 3.5 kg. (nih.gov)
  • Can Infants Clear the HIV Infection from Their Blood? (stanford.edu)
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that approximately 90% of children living with HIV acquired the infection perinatally-during pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • A drug used to treat infection with HIV (the virus that causes AIDS). (rudraexims.com)
  • It is prescribed to treat HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection. (rudraexims.com)
  • It is also used to treat HIV infection in combination with other anti-HIV medicines. (rudraexims.com)
  • Methodology HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) has been used to describe the spectrum of neurocognitive dysfunction associated with HIV infection. (rroij.com)
  • New HIV infection rates are declining globally as a result of efforts to strengthen HIV prevention and treatment programs. (medscape.com)
  • The duration of viral suppression during protease inhibitor therapy for HIV-1 infection is predicted by plasma HIV-1 RNA at the nadir. (jamanetwork.com)
  • It is a prescription medicine used in the treatment of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection. (magicinepharma.com)
  • However, BST-2/tetherin does not efficiently restrict HIV-1 infection in immature dendritic cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast, in LPS-mediated mature DC, BST-2/tetherin exerted a significant restriction in transfer of HIV-1 infection to CD4 + T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Manipulating the function and potency of cellular restriction factors such as BST-2/tetherin to HIV-1 infection, has implications in the design of antiviral therapeutic strategies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bartlett, J 2004, ' Long-term efficacy, safety, and tolerability of indinavir-based therapy in protease inhibitor-naïve adults with advanced HIV infection ', Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice , vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 198-199. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • This argues for a role of target cell who after having had HIV driven down to an unde- availability in limiting the HIV-1 infection, and is in tectable level stopped taking these drugs, and remained agreement with mathematical models suggesting that immunosuppression may limit the outgrowth of drug-resistant escape mutants. (health-articles.net)
  • Because HIV-1 infection is at steady-state target cell level should be close to this epidemiological threshold. (health-articles.net)
  • Protease inhibitor (PR) resistance remains the major limiting in the treatment of HIV infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fosamprenavir or atazanavir once daily boosted with ritonavir 100 mg, plus tenofovir/emtricitabone, for the initial treatment of HIV infection. (hiv-guidelines.jp)
  • Risk of myocardial infarction in patients with HIV infection exposed to specific individual antiretroviral drugs from the 3 major drug classes: the data collection on adverse events of anti-HIV drugs (D:A:D) study. (hiv-guidelines.jp)
  • Maraviroc tablet is a CCR5 co-receptor antagonist indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of only CCR5-tropic HIV-1 infection in adults and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older weighing at least 10 kg. (drugs.com)
  • Prior to initiation of maraviroc tablets for treatment of HIV-1 infection, test all patients for CCR5 tropism using a highly sensitive tropism assay. (drugs.com)
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the integrity of the BBB before and after initiation of ART in both neuroasymptomatic HIV infection and in patients with HAD. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nelfinavir is used along with other medications to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Nelfinavir controls HIV infection but does not cure it. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The most effective means of preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is preventing exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • of antiretroviral drugs to prevent HIV infection after unanticipated sexual or injection-drug-use exposure might be beneficial. (cdc.gov)
  • Since 1996, with the advent and introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), a profound impact on the natural history of HIV infection was observed, with a remarkable increase in the survival of HIV-infected individuals, transforming the panorama of the disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • Infection of renal cells with HIV may contribute. (msdmanuals.com)
  • 12. Active malignancy or known Hepatitis B, C or HIV infection. (who.int)
Protease inhibitors12
  • In 2009, ten protease inhibitors have reached the market for treatment against HIV but one protease inhibitor, amprenavir, was withdrawn from the market in 2004. (wikipedia.org)
  • HIV protease inhibitors are peptide-like chemicals that competitively inhibit the action of the virus aspartyl protease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Protease inhibitors can alter adipocyte metabolism causing lipodystrophy, a common side effect associated with the use of most HIV protease inhibitors. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is possible that protease inhibitors can cause a decrease in insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1, representing inhibition of early steps in insulin signaling. (wikipedia.org)
  • Decreased adiponectin secretion and induced expression of interleukin-6 associated with HIV protease inhibitors may also contribute to inhibition of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. (wikipedia.org)
  • among protease inhibitors, indinavir (IDV) is more potent than saquinavir at currently recommended doses and appears to have fewer drug interactions and short-term adverse effects than ritonavir (8). (cdc.gov)
  • Ritonavir, indinavir, and saquinavir, all human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease inhibitors with a potent antiviral effect during triple therapy, are extensively metabolized by liver cytochrome P450 3A4. (aspetjournals.org)
  • In brief, caution should be advised if human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease inhibitors are coadministered with methadone and buprenorphine. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The aim of this study was to compare the inhibitory potential of the HIV protease inhibitors ritonavir, indinavir, and saquinavir against methadone and buprenorphine N -dealkylations catalyzed by P450 3A4 in a panel of human liver microsomes. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Stock solutions of protease inhibitors were 1 mM ritonavir in methanol, 1 mM saquinavir, and 1 mM indinavir both in H 2 O/acetonitrile (1/1, v/v). (aspetjournals.org)
  • regarding five various other protease inhibitors indicated that BMS-232632-resistant pathogen remained delicate to saquinavir, although it demonstrated various amounts (0.1- to 71-fold reduction in sensitivity)-of cross-resistance to nelfinavir, indinavir, ritonavir, and amprenavir. (bioxorio.com)
  • In reciprocal tests, the BMS-232632 susceptibility of HIV-1 variations selected in the current presence of each one of the various other HIV-1 protease inhibitors demonstrated the fact that nelfinavir-, saquinavir-, and amprenavir-resistant strains of HIV-1 continued to be delicate to BMS-232632, while indinavir- and ritonavir-resistant infections shown six- to ninefold adjustments in BMS-232632 sensitivity. (bioxorio.com)
Nelfinavir4
Saquinavir4
Antiviral5
  • Three general antiviral strategies effects of SARS-CoV in culture was observed for interferon are generally found (13): 1) direct antiviral effects, 2) inhi- subtypes, -1b, -n1, -n3, and human leukocyte interfer- bition of viral entry and replication at the cellular level by on a. (cdc.gov)
  • Objective To assess the impact of various antiretroviral/antiviral regimens in pregnant women living with HIV or hepatitis B virus (HBV). (bmj.com)
  • Inbec, comprising Indinavir, is an antiviral or antiretroviral medicine. (magicinepharma.com)
  • HIV-1 was shown to be able to circumvent some of these restrictions mainly due to accessory viral proteins that were able to antagonize specific cellular restrictive or antiviral activities [ 21 - 23 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The combination of efavirenz, zidovudine, and lamivudine as antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected adults has greater antiviral activity and is better tolerated than the combination of indinavir, zidovudine and lamivudine. (ubc.ca)
AIDS26
  • They are highly effective against HIV and have, since the 1990s, been a key component of anti-retroviral therapies for HIV/AIDS. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1985, HIV was identified as the causative agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and its complete genome was immediately available. (wikipedia.org)
  • HIV-1 protease is one of the best known aspartic proteases, and an attractive target for the treatment of AIDS. (wikipedia.org)
  • After more than a decade of treating and trying to prevent AIDS with antiretroviral therapies, neither individual nor public health benefits have been achieved (1,2). (robertogiraldo.com)
  • The toxicity of AZT, the drug now prescribed indefinitely to both healthy "HIV-positive" individuals and to AIDS patients, has been solidly documented (1,8-13). (robertogiraldo.com)
  • Currently, the HIV-AIDS supporters are prescribing hydroxyurea, an inexpensive drug used for chemotherapy of leukemia (38). (robertogiraldo.com)
  • The face of the HIV/AIDS epidemic has changed dramatically since its emergence in the 1980s. (hindawi.com)
  • Far from its origins as an illness of homosexual men, HIV/AIDS is increasingly affecting women around the world: in 2008, women made up nearly half of the global population of those infected with HIV (15.7 million women, 33.4 million total) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Reetika Singh, Abhigyan Nath, Bechan Sharma (2019) Docking Studies of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase and HIV-1 Protease with Phytocompounds of Carissa Carandas L.. Journal of Clinical Research In HIV AIDS And Prevention - 3(4):10-19. (openaccesspub.org)
  • Infections with HIV caused Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and it has been considered as a pandemic disease 1 , 3 . (openaccesspub.org)
  • It boosts up the immunity to fight against HIV to manage or treat AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). (rudraexims.com)
  • It is used to treat HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), the virus that can cause AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). (rudraexims.com)
  • According to the WHO, there were approximately 37.7 million people worldwide livings with HIV/AIDS at the end of 2020. (rroij.com)
  • An estimated 1.5 million individual worldwide became newly infected with HIV in 2020, while 689,000 people died from AIDS-related illnesses. (rroij.com)
  • Each day in 2020, approximately 850 children became infected with HIV and approximately 330 children died from AIDS-related causes, mostly because of inadequate access to HIV prevention, care, and treatment services (UNICEF 2021). (rroij.com)
  • The introduction of Antiretroviral (ARV) drugs has prolonged survival and improved the quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) (CDC. (rroij.com)
  • The greatest risk factor for vertical transmission is thought to be advanced maternal disease, such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), likely because of a high maternal HIV viral load. (medscape.com)
  • Early in the AIDS epidemic, women rarely received a diagnosis of HIV or AIDS, but by 2005, women represented 27% of the estimated 45,669 new diagnoses of HIV/AIDS, with the greatest rise among young women. (medscape.com)
  • Women of color account for 80% of newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS cases in the United States. (medscape.com)
  • In 2016, AIDS claimed an estimated 1 million lives, of which 120,000 were children. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore this study determines the magnitude and predictors of adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV/AIDS in Southwest Ethiopia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The region also accounted for 72% of the world's AIDS-related deaths in 2008 [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To assess the prevalence of oral manifestations in HIV/AIDS patients and a possible correlation of the development of diabetes mellitus due to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). (bvsalud.org)
  • AIDS, HIV, diabetes mellitus. (bvsalud.org)
  • Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first described in 1981 in the United States, and its causative agent is the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (bvsalud.org)
  • HIV-associated nephropathy is suspected in patients with nephrotic syndrome or nephropathy who have AIDS or symptoms of AIDS. (msdmanuals.com)
Ritonavir and indinavir1
  • It has been reported to probably restore fitness in individuals with multiple PI resistance and to increase susceptibility to ritonavir and indinavir [10]. (tech-strategy.org)
Reverse transcriptase11
  • Poor reduction of HIV-1 RNA titres in nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor experienced patients treated with indinavir combination therapy. (bmj.com)
  • METHODS: Samples of semen and blood were obtained from a cohort of 12 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor experienced men before and during 25-68 weeks of combination therapy, which included the protease inhibitor indinavir. (bmj.com)
  • The first category of agents acts at an early stage in the HIV life cycle by blocking the activity of reverse transcriptase (RT). (who.int)
  • Docking Studies of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase and HIV-1 Protease With Phytocompounds of carissa carandas l. carissa carandas l. carissa carandas l. carissa carandas l. carissa carandas l. carissa carandas l. carissa carandas l. carissa carandas l. carissa carandas l. carissa carandas l. carissa carandas l. carissa carandas l. carissa carandas l. carissa carandas l. (openaccesspub.org)
  • Another compound, p-coumaric acid, showed least effectiveness against human immunodeficiency virus- 1 reverse transcriptase or human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease showing highest binding energy and inhibition coefficients among all the evaluated phytocompounds. (openaccesspub.org)
  • Indinavir is used to treat diseases caused by HIV-1 in adult patients who have not received antiretroviral therapy before or who have received antiretroviral drugs and who have contraindications or resistance to drugs - reverse transcriptase inhibitors. (happyfamilymedstore.com)
  • This type of medicine stops the reproduction of HIV by inhibiting the work of the enzyme reverse transcriptase. (happyfamilymedstore.com)
  • Use of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and risk of myocardial infarction in HIV-infected patients enrolled in the D:A:D study: amulticohort collaboration. (hiv-guidelines.jp)
  • Compare the antiretroviral activity and tolerability of two regimens containing efavirenz, one with a protease inhibitor (indinavir) and the other with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (zidovudine and lamivudine), with a standard three-drug regimen (indinavir, zidovudine and lamivudine). (ubc.ca)
  • An intent to treat analysis (most conservative) showed that suppression of plasma HIV-1 RNA to undetectable levels was achieved in more participants in the group given efavirenz plus nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors than in the group given indinavir plus nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (70 percent versus 48 percent). (ubc.ca)
  • More volunteers discontinued treatment because of adverse events in the group given indinavir and two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors than in the group given efavirenz and two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (43 percent versus 27 percent). (ubc.ca)
Plus indinavir1
Efficacy9
  • HIV-positive women should be offered a full range of hormonal contraceptive options, with conscientious counseling about possible reduced efficacy of COCs and the contraceptive implant when taken with ARVs. (hindawi.com)
  • While there is a uninspired but growing buy indinavir online visa propaganda of the efficacy of interventions inasmuch as cannabis flash up disorder, there are not many arrives on the effectiveness of cannabis treatment as it is provided within publicly-funded treatment agencies. (upb.ro)
  • Viral suppression, as measured by HIV RNA quantification, provides crucial information for monitoring the efficacy and success of cART and reflects treatment adherence. (openaidsjournal.com)
  • Take Inbec (Indinavir) capsule exactly as prescribed by the healthcare provider for better efficacy without increasing or decreasing the dose strength. (magicinepharma.com)
  • Indinavir should be used with caution by patients with hemophilia, hepatic failure, children and old age (safety and efficacy is not established). (happyfamilymedstore.com)
  • Keywords: Hydroxyurea, immunosuppression, target cell availability, 72 weeks of ddI-HU treatment, three out of sixpatients had no detectable plasma virus, and that there Surprisingly, immunosuppressive treatment can was no rebound of the plasma viral load in any patient enhance the efficacy of conventional HIV-1 antiretro- on uninterrupted treatment. (health-articles.net)
  • Suppression with ment routinely develop mutations known to confer patients have a lower plasma virus concentration than Analysing mathematical models in which the HIVinfection is target-cell-limited one finds that for any Efficacy of ddI-HU strain of HIV there exists a minimum target cell num- Why is long-term treatment with ddI-HU effective? (health-articles.net)
  • Once-daily atazanavir/ritonavir versus twice-daily lopinavir/ritonavir, each in combination with tenofovir and emtricitabine, for management of antiretroviral-naïve HIV-1-infected patients: 48 week efficacy and safety results of the CASTLE study. (hiv-guidelines.jp)
  • Efficacy and Safety of Switching to Dolutegravir/Lamivudine Versus Continuing a Tenofovir Alafenamide-Based 3- or 4-Drug Regimen for Maintenance of Virologic Suppression in Adults Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1: Results Through Week 144 From the Phase 3, Noninferiority TANGO Randomized Trial. (hiv-guidelines.jp)
Zidovudine3
  • Information suggesting that zidovudine (ZDV) postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) may reduce the risk for HIV transmission after occupational exposure to HIV-infected blood (2) prompted a Public Health Service (PHS) interagency working group *, with expert consultation **, to update a previous PHS statement on management of occupational exposure to HIV with the following findings and recommendations on PEP (1). (cdc.gov)
  • The toxicity of AZT is so well documented that the pharmaceutical company that makes and commercializes it typically writes, "Retrovir (Zidovudine) may be associated with severe hematologic toxicity including granulocytopenia and severe anemia particularly in patients with advanced HIV disease" and they add that, "Myopathy and myositis with pathologic changes similar to that produced by HIV disease, have been associated with prolonged use of Retrovir" (5). (robertogiraldo.com)
  • There is a relationship between diabetes and re-exposure to HAART, especially among individuals under therapy with stavudine, zidovudine, didanosine, and indinavir, while the risk is reduced in case of exposure to ritonavir and nevirapine. (bvsalud.org)
Lamivudine2
  • In HIV-infected patients, combination therapy with the nucleosides ZDV and lamivudine (3TC) has greater antiretroviral activity than ZDV alone and is active against many ZDV-resistant HIV strains without significantly increased toxicity (8). (cdc.gov)
  • 96-Week results of abacavir/lamivudine versus tenofovir/emtricitabine, plus efavirenz, in antiretroviral-naive, HIV-1-infected adults: ASSERT study. (hiv-guidelines.jp)
Didanosine2
  • or didanosine [ddI] and d4T) for most HIV exposures and an expanded regimen that includes the addition of a third drug for HIV exposures that pose an increased risk for transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • If indinavir and didanosine are administered concomitantly, they should be administered at least one hour apart on an empty stomach (consult the manufacturer's product circular for didanosine ). (wikidoc.org)
Sulfate1
  • A hardly of publications are perfectly now available on the impedance buy indinavir sulfate 400 mg from india of OA, object of example, the National Public discount indinavir sulfate Health Agenda in return once more the extent of Osteoarthritis 2010. (upb.ro)
Infections4
  • The HTLV-1 PR, a promising target for the treatment of viral infections caused by the human T-cell leukemia virus type-1, is related to the well-known HIV-1 PR, however, it exhibits a substantially different substrate specificity and inhibition profile than the latter. (uni-marburg.de)
  • Unfortunately, young women in high-prevalence areas of the world, such as sub-Saharan Africa, continue to remain at high risk for HIV with 26% of new infections occurring in women aged 15-24 years despite this age group making up only 10% of the population. (medscape.com)
  • Systemic or deep viral infections: where the virus spreads to distant organs either via the blood (viraemia), or by other means, e.g. along nerves (Table 1). (med2date.com)
  • In 2008, sub-Saharan Africa accounted for 67% of HIV infections worldwide, 68% of new HIV infections among adults. (biomedcentral.com)
Inhibition4
  • As a second approach for lead identification, the privileged structure concept was exploited as tool to identify novel small molecule scaffolds for HTLV-1 PR inhibition. (uni-marburg.de)
  • A screening of our in-house aspartic protease inhibitor library was performed and resulted in the identification of C2-symmetric 3,4-bis-N-alkylsulfonamido-pyrrolidines and pyrrolidine-based bicyclic HIV-1 PR inhibitors as promising candidates for HTLV-1 PR inhibition. (uni-marburg.de)
  • Carandinol was observed as most effective anti-HIV-1 molecule having lowest binding energy and small inhibition coefficient. (openaccesspub.org)
  • Recent advancements in the development of peptidomimetics for Cancer therapy, Renin inhibition, HIV drugs, Analgesics, anti microbials and anti viral drugs have been discussed. (ijpsr.com)
Potent and specific1
Enzyme5
  • The mRNA is then translated into viral proteins and the third virally encoded enzyme, namely HIV protease, is required to cleave a viral polyprotein precursor into individual mature proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • As patients with HIV disease are likely to be taking a multiple prolonged drug regimen, this may lead to drug interactions as a result of competition for the same substrate binding site of enzyme. (aspetjournals.org)
  • It interferes with an enzyme (protease), which is required by HIV-infected cells to make new viruses. (magicinepharma.com)
  • HIV-1 protease is an enzyme required for the proteolytic cleavage of the viral polyprotein precursors into the individual functional proteins found in infectious HIV-1. (magicinepharma.com)
  • Indinavir works to bind to the protease active site and inhibits the activity of the enzyme. (magicinepharma.com)
Infectious6
  • This prevents the conversion of HIV particles into their mature infectious form. (wikipedia.org)
  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is one of the most austere and deadly infectious viruses with disastrous concerns 1 , 2 . (openaccesspub.org)
  • HIV-1 is more common and high infectious than HIV-2. (openaccesspub.org)
  • HIV-1 is predominant type of HIV and 95% of total HIV infectious person infected with HIV-1. (openaccesspub.org)
  • In contrast to HeLa or 293T cells, infectious HIV-1 release in immature DC and IFN-α-matured DC was only modestly affected in the absence of Vpu compared to wild-type viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 72 hours after nonoccupational exposure to blood, genital secretions, or other potentially infectious body fluids of a person known to be HIV infected, when that exposure represents a substantial risk for transmission, a 28-day course of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is recom- mended. (cdc.gov)
Regimen2
  • V. Determine the effect of this regimen on CD4+ lymphocyte count and HIV load in these patients. (knowcancer.com)
  • seems to be more common among Black patients with HIV who are injection drug users or have been poorly adherent to their antiretroviral therapy regimen. (msdmanuals.com)
Stavudine1
  • RESULTS: Independent factors for moderate/severe lipoatrophy for 171 patients were increasing age, any use of stavudine, use of indinavir for longer than 2 years, body mass index (BMI) loss, and measures of duration and severity of HIV disease. (rti.org)
Regimens6
  • Lathouwers E, Wong EY, Luo D, Seyedkazemi S, De Meyer S, Brown K. HIV-1 resistance rarely observed in patients using darunavir once-daily regimens across clinical studies. (ajmc.com)
  • 1 Lathouwers and colleagues sought to analyze the outcomes from 7 phase 2 and phase 3 clinical trials that investigated darunavir 800-mg once-daily-containing HAART regimens to determine the observed rates of post-baseline resistance in patients with HIV-1. (ajmc.com)
  • Clinically evaluating genotypic interpretation systems is essential to provide optimal guidance in designing potent individualized HIV-regimens. (unl.pt)
  • In low-income countries, where HIV RNA may be unavailable, 12-weekly MCV measurements may be useful in monitoring adherence to AZT-containing regimens. (openaidsjournal.com)
  • Relationship between weight gain and insulin resistance in people living with HIV switching to integrase strand transfer inhibitors-based regimens. (hiv-guidelines.jp)
  • Incomplete adherence to antiretroviral agents can have serious consequences, including loss of plasma HIV suppression and turn lead to disease progression, inability to suppress HIV even with very intensive regimens, and development of drug resistant HIV strains. (biomedcentral.com)
20011
  • This expresss the town's commensustatus ranking buy indinavir no prescription in nationalist industry and was only available looking destined for towns of all over 1,000 inhabitants (materials refer to 2003).Deaths registered at a municipal position, broken down past sexual congress and discretion, were obtained from individual anonymized files furnished on the National Statistics Institute (insincemation refer to 2001). (upb.ro)
Adult4
  • 1 The adult populations in these 7 studies comprise both treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced patients. (ajmc.com)
  • There is a need for further studies on polymeric nanoformulations for management of HAND with the potential for eliminating latent viral reservoirs and formulation of novel antiretroviral that is safe, effective, easily administered in adult and pediatric HIV positive populations. (rroij.com)
  • A cross sectional study was carried out from January 1, 2009 to March 3, 2009 among 319 adult PLWHA (≥ 18 years) attending ART clinic at Jimma university Specialized Hospital (JUSH). (biomedcentral.com)
  • offLabelAdultNoGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non-Guideline-Supported Use of Indinavir in adult patients. (wikidoc.org)
Lopinavir1
  • Once-daily darunavir/ritonavir vs. lopinavir/ritonavir in treatment-naïve, HIV-1-infected patients: 96-week analysis. (hiv-guidelines.jp)
Clinical5
  • OBJECTIVE: To identify clinical factors associated with prevalence of fat atrophy (lipoatrophy) and fat accumulation (lipoaccumulation) in HIV-1 infected patients. (rti.org)
  • Fig.1)1) of HIV-1 Prt currently under evaluation in clinical trials. (bioxorio.com)
  • Indinavir online facility, the field sales must have back guaranteed as a close look earlier this page includes information speechbite will be addictive or clinical pharmacy law of the united states. (koreabyme.com)
  • Table 1 contains the mutated residues which correlated with the level of resistance according to the clinical data [ 1 ] for 6 drugs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • HIV-associated nephropathy is characterized by clinical findings similar to those of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and often biopsy features of collapsing glomerulopathy (a variant of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis). (msdmanuals.com)
Diagnosis3
  • Recent efforts have largely focused on expanding access to HIV diagnosis and counseling, as well as treatment with highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). (hindawi.com)
  • Furthermore, the rate of HIV diagnosis is 15 times higher in African American women compared with white women. (medscape.com)
  • Acute hemolytic anemia , including cases resulting in death, has been reported in patients treated with Indinavir Once a diagnosis is apparent, appropriate measures for the treatment of hemolytic anemia should be instituted, including discontinuation of Indinavir. (wikidoc.org)
10002
  • Such compounds have particle sizes ranging from 1 to 1000 nm. (rroij.com)
  • Dose reduction of rifabutin to half the standard dose (consult the manufacturer's product circular for rifabutin ) and a dose increase of Indinavir to 1000 mg every 8 hours are recommended when rifabutin and Indinavir are coadministered. (wikidoc.org)
Contraindications1
  • contraindications=*Indinavir is contraindicated in patients with clinically significant hypersensitivity to any of its components. (wikidoc.org)
Pregnancy9
  • Cyclafem ™ 1/35 (norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol tablets USP) is indicated for the prevention of pregnancy in women who elect to use this product as a method of contraception. (nih.gov)
  • Table 1 lists the typical accidental pregnancy rates for users of combined oral contraceptives and other methods of contraception. (nih.gov)
  • 1 Among typical couples who initiate use of a method (not necessarily for the first time), the percentage who experience an accidental pregnancy during the first year if they do not stop use for any other reason. (nih.gov)
  • Preventing unintended pregnancy in HIV-positive women can significantly reduce maternal-to-child HIV transmission as well as improve the woman's overall health. (hindawi.com)
  • Preventing unplanned or mistimed pregnancy allows a woman with HIV to optimize her own health and has the potential to decrease maternal-to-child transmission of HIV. (hindawi.com)
  • Most of these children live in sub-Saharan Africa and were infected by their HIV-positive mothers during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. (rroij.com)
  • The risk of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) during pregnancy, delivery, and breastfeeding is as high as 25-30% in the absence of treatment. (medscape.com)
  • [ 4 ] Unfortunately, it has been reported that 30% of pregnant women are not tested for HIV during pregnancy, and another 15-20% receive no or minimal prenatal care, thereby allowing for potential newborn transmission. (medscape.com)
  • It is advisable to consult the healthcare provider before the consumption of Inbec (Indinavir) capsule during pregnancy or breastfeeding because this medicine may harm the baby. (magicinepharma.com)
19983
  • 1998, Ref. #1. (nih.gov)
  • DESIGN: Evaluation of HIV-1 infected patients seen for routine care between 1 October and 31 December 1998 in the eight HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS) clinics. (rti.org)
  • 102(1 Pt 1): 101-9, 1998 Jul. (bvsalud.org)
Suppression2
  • HIV suppression is essential to the health of the individual with HIV and to preventing HIV transmission through sex . (hivguidelines.org)
  • By killing dividing CD4+ T cells nation: the major beneficial effect of supplementing and by depleting intracellular dATP concentrations HU antiretroviral therapy with target cell suppression reduces the availability of suitable target cells for HIV. (health-articles.net)
Nevirapine1
  • In a model comparing interventions to decrease maternal-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV, increasing use of contraception was found to prevent 28.6% more HIV-positive births than increasing use of peripartum nevirapine [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Exposure1
  • Although failures of ZDV PEP have occurred (3), ZDV PEP was associated with a decrease of approximately 79% in the risk for HIV seroconversion after percutaneous exposure to HIV-infected blood in a case-control study among health-care workers (2). (cdc.gov)
Susceptibility2
  • 1 There were also differences between the studies as to which RAMs were permitted, what requirements of genotypic or phenotypic antiretroviral susceptibility applied, and which histories of prior virologic failure were allowed. (ajmc.com)
  • HIV-1 isolates with reduced susceptibility to abacavir have been selected in cell culture and were also obtained from subjects treated with abacavir. (medlibrary.org)
Meds1
Outcomes1
  • Design We performed random effects meta-analysis for HIV-related outcomes and network meta-analysis for HBV outcomes, and used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework to assess quality separately for each outcome. (bmj.com)
Undetectable1
  • Maintenance antiretroviral therapies in HIV-infected subjects with undetectable plasma HIV RNA after triple-drug therapy. (jamanetwork.com)
Strains2
  • At the global position, each of the 3 strains destitution take a turn having a higher match than the rest, but not a given desire Sometimes non-standard due indinavir. (upb.ro)
  • Recently, amino acid substitutions located at many of the Prt cleavage sites were also described in colaboration with the emergence of HIV-1 strains resistant to Prt inhibitors (3, 8, 9, 21, 45). (bioxorio.com)
Dose5
  • I. Determine the maximum tolerated dose of bryostatin 1 when administered with vincristine in patients with recurrent or refractory HIV-related B-cell lymphoma. (knowcancer.com)
  • OUTLINE: This is a multicenter, dose-escalation study of bryostatin 1. (knowcancer.com)
  • Cohorts of 3-6 patients receive escalating doses of bryostatin 1 until the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) is determined. (knowcancer.com)
  • Dose reduction of Indinavir to 600 mg every 8 hours should be considered when administering delavirdine 400 mg three times a day. (wikidoc.org)
  • Dose reduction of Indinavir to 600 mg every 8 hours is recommended when administering itraconazole 200 mg twice daily concurrently. (wikidoc.org)
Hepatitis3
  • We synthesise the best available evidence to inform choice of HIV and/or hepatitis B therapy for pregnant women. (bmj.com)
  • B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (cdc.gov)
  • Hepatitis including cases resulting in hepatic failure and death has been reported in patients treated with Indinavir Because the majority of these patients had confounding medical conditions and/or were receiving concomitant therapy(ies), a causal relationship between Indinavir and these events has not been established. (wikidoc.org)
Dosage1
  • The dosage of Indinavir should be reduced to 600 mg every 8 hours in patients with mild-to-moderate hepatic insufficiency due to cirrhosis . (wikidoc.org)
Reduction2
  • the protective effect of ZDV was only partly explained by reduction of the HIV titer in maternal blood (5). (cdc.gov)
  • The reduction in mother-to-infant transmission of HIV is regarded as one of the most effective US public health initiatives. (medscape.com)
Significantly1
  • Treatment-associated polymorphisms in protease are significantly associated with higher viral load and lower CD4 count in newly diagnosed drug-naive HIV-1 infected patients. (unl.pt)
20002
  • Before the current treatment era, approximately 2000 babies were infected with HIV each year in the United States alone. (medscape.com)
  • Objective: To determine the incidence and risk factors for metabolic syndrome in HIV-infected adults in the Nutrition for Healthy Living (NFHL) study (2000-2003) and prevalence relative to the findings of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (1999-2002). (natap.org)
Treatment8
  • 1 Three of the studies-ARTEMIS, GS-US-216-0130, and ODIN—were pivotal phase 3 trials conducted in treatment-naïve patients (ARTEMIS), treatment-experienced patients (ODIN), or both treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced patients (GS-US-216-0130) and ranged from 48 weeks to 192 weeks in duration. (ajmc.com)
  • The use of encapsulated nanosized antiretrovirals in various polymers has shown potential for enhanced permeation into the CNS and other latent viral reservoirs thus providing hope for prevention and treatment of neurocognitive disorders in HIV positive patients. (rroij.com)
  • 74% of adults aged 15 years and older living with HIV had access to treatment, as did 54% of children aged 0-14 years. (rroij.com)
  • Currently, only 84% of people with HIV know their status, 73% had access to treatment and 66% were virally suppressed in 2020, hence the 90-90-90 target for 2020 was not achieved (UNAIDS 2021). (rroij.com)
  • These fitness landscapes (FLs) were made by using first a Bayesian network (BN) to map epistatic substitutions, followed by scaling the fitness landscape based on an HIV evolution simulator trying to evolve the sequences from treatment naïve patients into sequences from patients failing treatment. (unl.pt)
  • Despite a decreasing mortality and morbidity in treated HIV-1 patients, highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) can still fail due to the development of drug resistance. (unl.pt)
  • There is also an intriguing viral treatment, and can be beneficial for HIV-1- anecdotal report of a patient on indinavir, ddI and HU, infected patients. (health-articles.net)
  • Our results suggest that HIV itself, treatment, and host factors affect the risk of metabolic syndrome in HIV disease. (natap.org)
Copies5
  • Cell-free residual HIV-1 virions (RVs) persist in plasma below 20-50 vRNA copies/ml in most patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). (biomedcentral.com)
  • the median pretreatment CD4+ cell count was 264 cells/mm 3 , and median plasma HIV-1 RNA was 4.79 log 10 copies/mL. (medlibrary.org)
  • Ritonavir blocks the ability of HIV to make copies of itself and may block the growth of cancer cells. (rudraexims.com)
  • The bars represent HIV RNA level determinations using the 2.5-copies/mL assay on stored sequential specimens for each patient. (jamanetwork.com)
  • The study accepted volunteers who had baseline CD4 cell counts above 50 cells/mm3 and plasma HIV-1 RNA levels of more than 10,000 copies/ml. (ubc.ca)
Adults and adolescents2
  • Many of the antiretroviral drugs that have been approved for HIV-infected adults and adolescents are gaining FDA approval for use in younger children. (medscape.com)
  • Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-infected adults and adolescents. (jamanetwork.com)
Medicines1
Therapy12
  • OBJECTIVES: The long term effectiveness of combination therapy at reducing viral loads in seminal fluid and blood plasma obtained from HIV-1 infected men who had undergone previous antiretroviral therapy was assessed. (bmj.com)
  • The intermittent but prolonged detection of this replication-defective HIV variant in the patient′s plasma among other viral populations strongly suggests that this variant is released from highly stable productively infected cells present in vivo during therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The potential implication of this observation is that the elimination of such productively infected cells that contribute to residual viremia during suppressive therapy could be an important first step towards achieving a cure for HIV. (biomedcentral.com)
  • NSS are frequent and usually begin 1 to 2 days after initiating therapy and resolve in 2 to 4 weeks. (nih.gov)
  • Rash usually begins within 1 to 2 weeks after initiating therapy and resolves within 4 weeks. (nih.gov)
  • HIV-1 genotypic drug resistance is an important threat to the success of antiretroviral therapy and transmitted resistance has reached 9% prevalence in Europe. (unl.pt)
  • Indinavir is a medicine that is used for antiretroviral therapy (ART). (happyfamilymedstore.com)
  • affordable supplements to HIV-1 antiretroviral therapy. (health-articles.net)
  • Signs of BBB damage are also sometimes found in neuroasymptomatic HIV-infected individuals without antiretroviral therapy (ART). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition to adequate hydration, medical management in patients who experience nephrolithiasis / urolithiasis may include temporary interruption (e.g., 1 to 3 days) or discontinuation of therapy. (wikidoc.org)
  • Nephrolithiasis / urolithiasis has occurred with Indinavir therapy. (wikidoc.org)
  • If signs or symptoms of nephrolithiasis / urolithiasis occur, (including flank pain , with or without hematuria or microscopic hematuria ), temporary interruption (e.g., 1-3 days) or discontinuation of therapy may be considered. (wikidoc.org)
Human7
  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus that has two major species, HIV-1 which causes the majority of the epidemic, and HIV-2, a close relative whose distribution is concentrated in western Africa. (wikipedia.org)
  • The aim of this study was to screen the potent phytocompound of C. carandas against human immunodeficiency virus-1 using docking method. (openaccesspub.org)
  • PDB ID: 1REV) and human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease (PDB ID:1EBY) using Autodock software. (openaccesspub.org)
  • The in-silico study demonstrated that some phytoconstituents of C. carandas exhibit potential anti-human immunodeficiency virus -1 activity and hence can be optimized to develop as a drug candidate in future. (openaccesspub.org)
  • We previously modeled the in vivo evolution of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) under drug selective pressure from cross-sectional viral sequences. (unl.pt)
  • Indinavir (Inbec) is a protease inhibitor with activity against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1). (magicinepharma.com)
  • The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) unbalances immune system homeostasis and causes chronic inflammation7. (bvsalud.org)
Particles1
  • The cellular restriction factor BST-2/tetherin (also known as CD317 or HM1.24) potently restricts HIV-1 release by retaining viral particles at the cell surface in many cell types, including primary cells such as macrophages. (biomedcentral.com)
Proteins3
  • A very critical step is the proteolytic cleavage of the polypeptide precursors into mature enzymes and structural proteins catalyzed by HIV protease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Proteins, along with the nucleic acids in a cell form the molecular basis of life itself 1 . (ijpsr.com)
  • Deterioration of the BBB is most likely multifactorial, with contributing factors including secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and viral proteins from infected cells, as well as direct invasion of the cells of the neurovascular unit especially pericytes and perivascular macrophages by HIV [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Antiretrovirals1
Vitro1
  • We found that the incorporation of this point mutation by itself could cause defects in the replication of a standard HIV strain (JRCSF) in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
Lipodystrophy2
  • CONCLUSIONS: HIV-associated lipodystrophy is associated with several host, disease, and drug factors. (rti.org)
  • A morphological, anatomical, metabolic change in body fat and bone metabolism is the set of changes known as lipodystrophy syndrome 1-8 . (bvsalud.org)