- vagina
- It is the process of rinsing the vagina with a liquid to clean it after menstruation or intercourse, and to prevent or treat infection or bad odor. (medindia.net)
- Douching differs from washing the outside of your vagina during a bath or shower. (medindia.net)
- The vagina -- which is not the whole of that genitalia, called the vulva , but the flexible tube behind the vaginal opening and inside the body -- is a passageway between the outside of the body and the internal reproductive system. (scarleteen.com)
- The pH balance of the vagina is acidic, with "good" bacteria that has co-evolved that helps keep infections away. (scarleteen.com)
- Vaginal secretions are how the vagina cleanses and regulates itself -- how amazing is that? (scarleteen.com)
- Without these discharges, we'd have some problems -- infections more often, uncomfortable sex and the vagina would start to smell pretty darn funky, just like our mouths do when they don't stay clean and hydrated. (scarleteen.com)
- Douches and vaginal deodorants disrupt the pH balance of your vagina and increase your risk of infection, so it is best to avoid using these products. (wikihow.com)
- The chemical in these products can irritate your vagina and throw off vaginal pH. (wikihow.com)
- Douche usually refers to vaginal irrigation, the rinsing of the vagina, but it can also refer to the rinsing of any body cavity. (wikipedia.org)
- To avoid transferring intestinal bacteria into the vagina, the same bag must not be used for an enema and a vaginal douche. (wikipedia.org)
- Many health-care professionals state that douching is dangerous, as it interferes with both the vagina's normal self-cleaning and with the natural bacterial culture of the vagina, and it might spread or introduce infections. (wikipedia.org)
- Frequent douching with water may result in an imbalance of the pH of the vagina, and thus may put women at risk for possible vaginal infections, especially yeast infections. (wikipedia.org)
- Antiseptics used during douching disturb the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina and can cause infections. (wikipedia.org)
- Unclean douching equipment may introduce foreign bodies into the vagina. (wikipedia.org)
- In some cases douching may force the ejaculate further into the vagina, increasing the chance of pregnancy. (wikipedia.org)
- Bacterial vaginosis may or may not be sexually transmitted, because changes in vaginal flora (the organisms that naturally live in a healthy vagina) may occur without sexual contact. (feminist.com)
- Vaginal douching is the use of various fluids/ mixtures to wash the vagina. (healthglamm.com)
- When douche mixtures are applied to the vagina, this delicate balance is distorted. (healthglamm.com)
- Bad odour emanating from the vagina could be a sign of an ongoing infection. (healthglamm.com)
- The clinician may want to perform pelvic examination and assessment of the vagina because there are unexplained symptoms of vaginal discharge, pelvic pain, unexpected bleeding, or urinary problems. (wikipedia.org)
- Vaginal discharge is a mixture of liquid, cells, and bacteria that lubricates and protects the vagina. (wikipedia.org)
- This mixture is constantly produced by the cells of the vagina and cervix and it exits the body through the vaginal opening. (wikipedia.org)
- The solid components are exfoliated epithelial cells from the vaginal wall and cervix as well as some of the bacteria that inhabit the vagina. (wikipedia.org)
- The normal composition of bacteria in the vagina (vaginal flora) can vary, but is most commonly dominated by lactobacilli. (wikipedia.org)
- During sexual arousal and intercourse, the amount of fluid in the vagina increases due to engorgement of blood vessels surrounding the vagina. (wikipedia.org)
- Estrogen matures vaginal tissues and causes increased production of glycogen by epithelial cells of the vagina. (wikipedia.org)
- In fact, the pH of the vagina and vaginal discharge after puberty ranges between 3.5 and 4.7. (wikipedia.org)
- To accommodate smoother penetration of the vagina during sexual intercourse or other sexual activity, vaginal moisture increases during sexual arousal in human females and also in other female mammals. (wikipedia.org)
- By its dictionary and anatomical definitions, however, vagina refers exclusively to the specific internal structure, and understanding the distinction can improve knowledge of the female genitalia and aid in health care communication. (wikipedia.org)
- Diagnosis is by finding the parasite in the vaginal fluid using a microscope, culturing the vagina or urine, or testing for the parasite's DNA. (wikipedia.org)
- causing pelvic inflamm
- Douching provides a high pressure liquid stream which may actually promote infection in the vaginal passage to ascend into the uterus and pelvis causing pelvic inflammatory disease and related complications such as infertility. (medindia.net)
- discharge
- The above sorts of discharge can be due to an infection like bacterial vaginosis or a yeast infection, or to an STI , like gonorrhea, trichomoniasis or chlamydia. (scarleteen.com)
- 1 Typical symptoms of vaginal infection include burning, itching, unusual odor, and discharge. (uspharmacist.com)
- Also, moderate pain during sexual intercourse and vaginal discharge are symptoms of cervical cancer. (wikipedia.org)
- The presence of inflammation, or discharge which may indicate an infection. (wikipedia.org)
- Normal vaginal discharge may have a thinner, watery consistency or a thick, sticky consistency, and may be clear or white in color. (wikipedia.org)
- Normal vaginal discharge may be large in volume but typically does not have a strong odor, nor is it typically associated with itching or pain. (wikipedia.org)
- While most discharge represents normal functioning of the body, some changes in discharge can reflect infection or other pathological processes. (wikipedia.org)
- Infections that may cause changes in vaginal discharge include vaginal yeast infections, bacterial vaginosis, and sexually transmitted infections. (wikipedia.org)
- The characteristics of abnormal vaginal discharge vary depending on the cause, but common features include a change in color, a foul odor, and associated symptoms such as itching, burning, pelvic pain, or pain during sexual intercourse. (wikipedia.org)
- Normal vaginal discharge is composed of cervical mucus, vaginal fluid, shedding vaginal and cervical cells, and bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
- The majority of the liquid in vaginal discharge is mucus produced by glands of the cervix. (wikipedia.org)
- On average, there are approximately 108 to 109 bacteria per milliliter of vaginal discharge. (wikipedia.org)
- Normal vaginal discharge is clear, white, or off-white. (wikipedia.org)
- A typical reproductive-age woman produces 1.5 grams (half to one teaspoon) of vaginal discharge every day. (wikipedia.org)
- The composition and amount of vaginal discharge changes as an individual goes through the various stages of sexual and reproductive development. (wikipedia.org)
- In neonates, vaginal discharge sometimes occurs in the first few days after birth. (wikipedia.org)
- Neonatal vaginal discharge may be white or clear with a mucous texture, or it may be bloody from normal transient shedding of the endometrium. (wikipedia.org)
- Vaginal discharge in pre-pubertal girls is minimal with a neutral to alkaline pH ranging from 6 to 8. (wikipedia.org)
- Even before the beginning of menses (up to 12 months before menarche, typically at the same time as the development of breast buds,) vaginal discharge increases in amount and changes in composition. (wikipedia.org)
- The amount and consistency of vaginal discharge changes as the menstrual cycle progresses. (wikipedia.org)
- In the days right after menstruation, vaginal discharge is minimal and its consistency is thick and sticky. (wikipedia.org)
- When approaching ovulation, the rising estrogen levels cause a concomitant increase in vaginal discharge. (wikipedia.org)
- The increase in the amount of discharge at ovulation is 30 times greater than the amount produced directly following menstruation. (wikipedia.org)
- Symptoms can include itching in the genital area, a bad smelling thin vaginal discharge, burning with urination, and pain with sex. (wikipedia.org)
- For women there may also be a yellow-green, itchy, frothy, foul-smelling ("fishy" smell) vaginal discharge. (wikipedia.org)
- The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends Trichomoniasis testing for females with vaginal discharge and can be considered for females at higher risk for infection or of HIV-positive serostatus. (wikipedia.org)
- cervix
- In young girls, the cervix is not yet fully developed and is more vulnerable to infection. (feminist.com)
- Signs and symptoms of ectopic pregnancy include increased hCG, vaginal bleeding (in varying amounts), sudden lower abdominal pain , pelvic pain, a tender cervix , an adnexal mass, or adnexal tenderness. (wikipedia.org)
- If abnormal cells on the surface of the cervix spread deeper into the cervix, or to other tissues or organs, the disease is then called cervical cancer, or invasive cervical cancer. (nyhq.org)
- Cervical cancer is a disease in which cancer cells grow in the cervix. (memorialhospitaljax.com)
- Finding and treating precancerous tissue in the cervix is the best way to prevent cervical cancer. (memorialhospitaljax.com)
- Cervical cancer is a cancer arising from the cervix. (wikipedia.org)
- Douching before the exam is discouraged because cells needed from the cervix to assess for cervical cell abnormalities may be washed out. (wikipedia.org)
- develop cervical cancer
- HPV is the main risk factor for cervical cancer , but most women who receive treatment for abnormal cells caused by HPV, do not develop cervical cancer. (americanpregnancy.org)
- In the study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, women who showed signs of any type of chlamydial infection in their blood were two-and-a-half times more likely to develop cervical cancer, when compared to women with no sign of infection. (nyhq.org)
- most people who have had HPV infections, however, do not develop cervical cancer. (wikipedia.org)
- intraepithelial neoplasia
- The vaginal microbiota, human papillomavirus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: what do we know and where are we going next? (biomedcentral.com)
- The human papillomavirus (HPV) causes both cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
- Cervical cancer, the commonest infection-associated neoplasm, and its premalignant precursor cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), are caused by strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV). (biomedcentral.com)
- These changes may also be called mild dysplasia or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (CIN 1). (nyhq.org)
- A delayed time to pregnancy was recently reported for women who had a loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) to remove cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2 or 3. (hindawi.com)
- In the United States (US), pap smears to detect precancerous cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) are an integral part of a woman's health care regimen. (hindawi.com)
- ectopic pregnancy
- A review of studies by researchers at the University of Rochester Medical Center (N.Y.) showed that women who douched regularly and later became pregnant had higher rates of ectopic pregnancy, infections, and low birth weight infants than women who only douched occasionally or who never douched. (wikipedia.org)
- glycogen in the vaginal
- Estrogen stimulates the production of glycogen in the vaginal epithelial cells. (uspharmacist.com)
- These higher levels of glycogen in the vaginal canal support the growth of lactobacilli over other bacterial species. (wikipedia.org)
- chlamydia
- Persistence of the virus is essential for development of high-grade CIN and cervical cancer and factors that correlate with higher persistence rates include age, immunodeficiency, smoking, oral contraceptives and Chlamydia trachomatis infection. (biomedcentral.com)
- pelvic inflammatory disease , often due to Chlamydia infection , tobacco smoking , prior tubal surgery, a history of infertility , and the use of assisted reproductive technology . (wikipedia.org)
- Prevention is by decreasing risk factors such as chlamydia infections through screening and treatment. (wikipedia.org)
- Research has shown that chlamydia, the most common sexually transmitted disease in the U.S., may increase a woman's risk of developing cervical cancer. (nyhq.org)
- Although the reason for this increased risk is still under investigation, researchers speculate that immune system cells that are activated at chlamydia infection sites may damage normal cells. (nyhq.org)
- Infections by Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis are present in 75 to 90 percent of cases. (wikipedia.org)
- mucus
- For example, the risk of ascending infection is highest during ovulation when the cervical os is open and the cervical mucus is thin. (medindia.net)
- Perimenopause, menopause, or the presence of cervical mucus, blood, or semen may result in abnormal vaginal-pH results. (uspharmacist.com)
- You also check your cervical mucus and take your basal body temperature daily, and record these in a chart. (countyrxcard.com)
- abnormal
- An abnormal Pap smear may indicate that you have an infection or abnormal cells called dysplasia . (americanpregnancy.org)
- Frequently, the birth of your baby will wash away any abnormal cervical cells. (americanpregnancy.org)
- 4 A vaginal pH of greater than 5 has been correlated with abnormal vaginal conditions such as trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis. (uspharmacist.com)
- 2 Vaginal pH level, together with a culture or microscopy, may assist in the diagnosis of abnormal vaginal conditions. (uspharmacist.com)
- Later symptoms may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, or pain during sexual intercourse. (wikipedia.org)
- condoms
- Spermicides are believed to increase the contraceptive effectiveness of condoms. (wikipedia.org)
- However, condoms that are spermicidally lubricated by the manufacturer have a shorter shelf life and may cause urinary-tract infections in women. (wikipedia.org)
- Methods of prevention include not having sex, using condoms, not douching, and being tested for STIs before having sex with a new partner. (wikipedia.org)
- Use of male condoms or female condoms may help prevent the spread of trichomoniasis, although careful studies have never been done that focus on how to prevent this infection. (wikipedia.org)
- Safe sex practices, such as with the use of male or female condoms, can also help prevent sexually transmitted infections. (wikipedia.org)
- normal vaginal
- Douching can alter the normal vaginal bacterial flora and cause overgrowth of pathogens leading to infection and disease. (medindia.net)
- however, this does not apply to yeast, which exists in the presence of normal vaginal pH. (uspharmacist.com)
- human papillomavirus
- 2 Poor male genital hygiene has been associated (in the era preceding human papillomavirus testing) with several disease processes including penile cancer in men 3, 4 and cervical cancer in women. (bmj.com)
- Infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). (nyhq.org)
- Research suggests that some sexually transmitted viruses, like human papillomavirus (HPV), can cause cervical cells to begin the changes that can lead to cancer. (memorialhospitaljax.com)
- heavy vaginal
- In the absence of ultrasound or hCG assessment, heavy vaginal bleeding may lead to a misdiagnosis of miscarriage . (wikipedia.org)
- swab
- In the method, a body-fluid sample such as a vaginal swab sample or urine is obtained from the subject and contacted with an antibody specific against a Trichomonas adhesin peptide, forming an antibody-adhesin. (google.com.au)
- The presence or absence of the complex establishes, with a reliability of at least 80%, in the case of a vaginal swab sample, and with a reliability of at least 40% in the case of a urine sample, the presence or absence, respectively, of Trichomonas infection in the subject. (google.com.au)
- 5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said method is effective to detect Trichomonnas vaginalis infection from vaginal samples with a reliability of over 80% in a vaginal swab sample from a female subject and over 40% in a urine sample from a male or female subject. (google.com.au)
- This is the most commonly used method and requires an endocervical, vaginal, or penile swab specimen for examination under a microscope. (wikipedia.org)
- symptoms
- 1 In Bali, genital cleansing by commercial sex workers after sexual intercourse was associated with fewer infection symptoms but not with the point prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STI). (bmj.com)
- Signs and symptoms classically include abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding . (wikipedia.org)
- In many cases the symptoms have low specificity , and can be similar to those of other genitourinary and gastrointestinal disorders , such as appendicitis , salpingitis , rupture of a corpus luteum cyst , miscarriage , ovarian torsion or urinary tract infection . (wikipedia.org)
- Adult women commonly develop vaginal infections, but the symptoms they experience lead many of them to believe that they have a yeast infection and self-treat it with OTC products. (uspharmacist.com)
- The Vagisil Screening Kit is a convenient and useful tool for women who experience symptoms indicative of a vaginal infection. (uspharmacist.com)
- The early stages of cervical cancer may be completely free of symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
- Evidence from a randomized controlled trials for screening pregnant women who do not have symptoms for infection with trichomoniasis and treating women who test positive for the infection have not consistently shown a reduced risk of preterm birth. (wikipedia.org)
- oral sex
- The most likely way to get an STD is to engage in unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex, although the diseases described in this chapter can also be transmitted through other intimate sexual and skin-to-skin contact and through donor insemination. (feminist.com)
- Sexual transmission is possible through vaginal, anal, or oral sex. (wikipedia.org)
- anal sex
- Some vaginal infections are sexually transmitted via manual, oral, vaginal sex (or anal sex , if vaginal sex was also had with the same condom or with no condom), and that transmission is not limited to heterosexual activity: infections are something all kinds of partners can contract and transmit in a bunch of different ways. (scarleteen.com)
- Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) which is most often spread through vaginal, oral, or anal sex. (wikipedia.org)
- secretions
- The rest is made up of transudate from the vaginal walls and secretions from glands (Skene's and Bartholin's. (wikipedia.org)
- squamous cell carcinomas
- Most cervical cancers are squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas. (nyhq.org)
- About 90% of cervical cancer cases are squamous cell carcinomas, 10% are adenocarcinoma, and a small number are other types. (wikipedia.org)
- presence of cervical
- While bleeding after sex may not be serious, it may also indicate the presence of cervical cancer. (wikipedia.org)
- development of cervical
- is involved in HPV acquisition and persistence and the development of cervical precancer and cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
- Smoking has also been linked to the development of cervical cancer. (wikipedia.org)
- pregnancy
- Many factors affect the outcome of douching including frequency of douching, pregnancy, adolescence, and the phase of the menstrual cycle. (medindia.net)
- Low levels of fluid around the fetus also increase the risk of umbilical cord compression and can interfere with lung and body formation in early pregnancy. (wikipedia.org)
- it also predisposes women to develop bacterial vaginosis (BV), which is further associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and increased risk of sexually transmitted infections. (wikipedia.org)
- Douching lowers the chances of pregnancy after intercourse. (wikipedia.org)
- In a recent study of time to pregnancy following LEEP and other cervical surgical procedures, Spracklen et al. (hindawi.com)
- reported that women with a history of LEEP were significantly more likely to require more than 12 months to conceive a pregnancy resulting in a live birth (odds ratio 2.47, 95% Confidence Interval 1.10-5.55) when compared to similar women with no history of cervical surgery [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
- While all forms of birth control can generally be used by young people, long-acting reversible birth control such as implants, IUDs, or vaginal rings are more successful in reducing rates of teenage pregnancy. (wikipedia.org)
- infertility
- Keep in mind that douching has been associated with all kinds of negative effects including bacterial vaginosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, cervical cancer, and infertility. (wikihow.com)
- Untreated infection in women may cause pelvic inflammatory disease and possible infertility due to the resulting scarring. (wikipedia.org)
- uterus
- Douching may also wash bacteria into the uterus and Fallopian tubes, causing fertility problems. (wikipedia.org)
- Pelvic inflammatory disease or pelvic inflammatory disorder (PID) is an infection of the upper part of the female reproductive system namely the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, and inside of the pelvis. (wikipedia.org)
- genital infections
- They should therefore be educated and cautioned about the potential adverse effects of vaginal douching in causing genital infections and cancer. (medindia.net)
- cause cervical
- It is common to have multiple strains at the same time, including those that can cause cervical cancer along with those that cause warts. (wikipedia.org)
- precancerous
- Cervical cancer typically develops from precancerous changes over 10 to 20 years. (wikipedia.org)
- Cervical cancer screening using the Pap test or acetic acid can identify precancerous changes which when treated can prevent the development of cancer. (wikipedia.org)
- canal
- Do not put soap or water into your vaginal canal. (wikihow.com)
- study observing the distribution of spermicide containing Nonoxynol-9 in the vaginal tract, showed "After 10 min the gel spread within the vaginal canal providing a contiguous covering of the epithelium of variable thickness. (wikipedia.org)
- Therefore, the predominance of lactobacilli in the vaginal canal creates a more acidic environment. (wikipedia.org)
- The vaginal canal then travels upwards and backwards, between the urethra at the front, and the rectum at the back. (wikipedia.org)
- cancers
- HPV is the cause of nearly all cervical cancers. (nyhq.org)
- Like other cancers, cervical cancer is staged from I-IV. (memorialhospitaljax.com)
- HPV vaccines protect against between two and seven high-risk strains of this family of viruses and may prevent up to 90% of cervical cancers. (wikipedia.org)
- About 70% of cervical cancers occur in developing countries. (wikipedia.org)
- sexually transmit
- Another study conducted by Mariga AG, Kullima AA et al among sex workers who douched with lime juice in Borno state, Northern Nigeria showed increased risk of sexually transmitted diseases including HIV among women who douched with lime juice when compared with non users. (healthglamm.com)
- complications
- However, douching can lead to several complications. (medindia.net)
- Women who suspect they might have experienced premature rupture of membranes should be evaluated promptly in the hospital to determine whether a rupture of membranes has indeed occurred, and to be treated appropriately to avoid infection and other complications. (wikipedia.org)
- Lactobacillus
- There is emerging evidence which leads us to conclude that increased diversity of vaginal microbiota combined with reduced relative abundance of Lactobacillus spp. (biomedcentral.com)
- tampons
- Deodorant soaps, perfumed bodywashes, " feminine hygiene" sprays, or fragranced toilet paper or tampons should NOT be used on the vulva to maintain optimum vaginal health. (scarleteen.com)
- Even unscented tampons may disrupt vaginal pH for some women, so you may want to stick to sanitary pads instead. (wikihow.com)
- menstrual
- Vaginal pH can vary due to a woman's age, menstrual cycle, or sexual activity. (wikihow.com)
- STIs
- Safe sex is sexual activity engaged in by people who have taken precautions to protect themselves against sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as HIV. (wikipedia.org)
- Along with pleasure and bonding, women's sexual behavior with others (which can include heterosexual or lesbian sexual activity) can result in sexually transmitted infections (STIs), the risk of which can be reduced by recommended safe sex practices. (wikipedia.org)
- urethral
- Female mammals usually have two external openings in the vulva, the urethral opening for the urinary tract and the vaginal opening for the genital tract. (wikipedia.org)
- The vaginal opening is much larger than the nearby urethral opening, and both are protected by the labia in humans. (wikipedia.org)
- The vaginal and urethral openings are protected by the labia. (wikipedia.org)
- women
- Pregnant women , especially, should be educated about the dangers of vaginal douching. (medindia.net)
- Although the virus is highly prevalent, only a small number of women have a persistent HPV infection and subsequently develop clinically significant disease. (biomedcentral.com)
- In women, vaginal hygiene practices like douching have been linked to an increased frequency of bacterial vaginosis (BV) infections in the United States. (bmj.com)
- In May 2003, a randomized, controlled, multi-center study was conducted with 1827 women ages 18-44 who were regular users of a douche product and who had been treated recently for a sexually transmitted bacterial infection or bacterial vaginosis. (wikipedia.org)
- Women were randomly assigned to use either a newly designed and marketed douche product or a soft cloth towelette. (wikipedia.org)
- There was little or no indication of a greater risk of PID among women assigned to use the douche product (versus soft cloth towelette). (wikipedia.org)
- A 1995 survey quoted in the University of Rochester study found that 27% of U.S. women age 15 to 44 douched regularly, but that douching was more common among African-American women (over 50%) than among white women (21%), and frequent douching contributes to more frequent bacterial vaginosis among African-American women than the average. (wikipedia.org)
- When women are faithful in having regular Pap smears, they increase their chances for early detection and treatment of any potential problems. (americanpregnancy.org)
- This screening is recommended for women over the age of 30, who are at an increased risk of an HPV infection turning into pre-cancerous cells. (americanpregnancy.org)
- Women who already have an infection, particularly one with genital lesions, are more likely to get or transmit another STD, including HIV. (feminist.com)
- Cervical cancer is more common in women who don't have regular Pap tests. (nyhq.org)
- This study will evaluate the safety and tolerability of four ARV regimens in preventing HIV infection in men who have sex with men who may be at risk of getting HIV infection through sex and women who may be at risk of getting HIV infection through sex. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Cervical cancer is more common in women over 25 years old. (memorialhospitaljax.com)
- Screening women at risk for chlamydial infection followed by treatment decreases the risk of PID. (wikipedia.org)
- Worldwide, cervical cancer is both the fourth-most common cause of cancer and the fourth-most common cause of death from cancer in women. (wikipedia.org)
- Smoking can increase the risk in women a few different ways, which can be by direct and indirect methods of inducing cervical cancer. (wikipedia.org)
- Birth control increases economic growth because of fewer dependent children, more women participating in the workforce, and less use of scarce resources. (wikipedia.org)
- rinse
- Douche means to soak or rinse. (medindia.net)
- microbiota
- The vaginal microbiota plays a significant role in health and disease of the female reproductive tract. (biomedcentral.com)
- In this review, we summarise the current literature and discuss potential mechanisms for the involvement of vaginal microbiota in the evolution of CIN and cervical cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
- The disturbance of the naturally occurring vaginal microbiota associated with bacterial vaginosis increases the risk of PID. (wikipedia.org)
- consist
- Vaginal douches may consist of water, water mixed with vinegar, or even antiseptic chemicals. (wikipedia.org)
- Treatment of cervical cancer may consist of some combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. (wikipedia.org)
- risk of sexually
- Additionally, douching is associated with a number of health problems (cervical cancer, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometritis, and increased risk of sexually transmitted infections) and thus is not recommended. (wikipedia.org)
- spread
- Untreated infection may spread to the rest of the body (disseminated gonorrhea infection), especially the joints (septic arthritis). (wikipedia.org)
- intercourse
- Douching after sexual intercourse is not an effective form of birth control. (wikipedia.org)
- In the past, douching was also used after intercourse as a method of birth control, though it is not effective (see below). (wikipedia.org)
- The kit also should not be used within 48 hours of sexual intercourse or douching or within five days of menses. (uspharmacist.com)
- This means not having sexual intercourse (vaginal, anal, or oral intercourse) at any time. (countyrxcard.com)
- Vaginal bleeding, contact bleeding (one most common form being bleeding after sexual intercourse), or (rarely) a vaginal mass may indicate the presence of malignancy. (wikipedia.org)
- The texture of the vaginal walls creates friction for the penis during sexual intercourse and stimulates it toward ejaculation, enabling fertilization. (wikipedia.org)
- Discomfort for both sexes may increase during intercourse and urination. (wikipedia.org)
- cancer
- Adolescents are more susceptible to bacterial and viral sexually transmitted infections and cancer due to the cellular structure of their vaginal and cervical lining. (medindia.net)
- In addition, the risk of cervical cancer is higher in douche users than in non douche users. (healthglamm.com)
- The mortality rates for cervical cancer have declined sharply as Pap screenings have become more prevalent. (nyhq.org)
- According to the American Cancer Society about 12,170 cases of invasive cervical cancer will be diagnosed in the U.S. during 2012. (nyhq.org)
- Some researchers estimate that noninvasive cervical cancer (also referred to as "carcinoma in situ") is nearly four times more common than invasive cervical cancer. (nyhq.org)
- What are risk factors for cervical cancer? (nyhq.org)
- These cells can then be removed, which usually prevents cervical cancer. (nyhq.org)
- HIV is the precursor to AIDS and can increase your risk of cervical cancer. (nyhq.org)
- Taking certain medications that suppress the immune system also increases the risk of cervical cancer. (nyhq.org)
- Chemotherapy alone rarely cures cervical cancer. (memorialhospitaljax.com)
- In developed countries, the widespread use of cervical screening programs has dramatically reduced rates of cervical cancer. (wikipedia.org)
- In medical research, the most famous immortalised cell line, known as HeLa, was developed from cervical cancer cells of a woman named Henrietta Lacks. (wikipedia.org)
- Bleeding after douching or after a pelvic exam is a common symptom of cervical cancer. (wikipedia.org)
- Infection with some types of HPV is the greatest risk factor for cervical cancer, followed by smoking. (wikipedia.org)
- Not all of the causes of cervical cancer are known, however, and several other contributing factors have been implicated. (wikipedia.org)
- However, these serotypes are usually not related to cervical cancer. (wikipedia.org)
- Infection with HPV is generally believed to be required for cervical cancer to occur. (wikipedia.org)
- Cigarette smoking, both active and passive, increases the risk of cervical cancer. (wikipedia.org)
- A direct way of contracting this cancer is a smoker has a higher chance of CIN3 occurring which has the potential of forming cervical cancer. (wikipedia.org)
- Skene's
- Before inserting the speculum, the vaginal wall, urethra, Skene's glands and Bartholin's glands are palpated through the vaginal wall. (wikipedia.org)
- include
- Risk factors are similar to those of sexually transmitted infections generally and include a high number of sexual partners and drug use. (wikipedia.org)
- urine
- Infection with Trichomoniasis through water is unlikely because Trichomonas vaginalis dies in water after 45-60 minutes, in thermal water after 30 minutes to 3 hours and in diluted urine after 5-6 hours. (wikipedia.org)
- Diseases
- Genital hygiene practices may be important for diseases like sexually transmitted infections (STI), which are common among adults in the developing world. (bmj.com)
- STD'' is a term applied to more than two dozen diseases that are transmitted primarily through anal, oral, or vaginal sex. (feminist.com)
- yeast infection
- Further testing will be required to determine if you have infection, inflammation, a yeast infection , trichomoniasis, herpes or the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). (americanpregnancy.org)
- 1 Sometimes, what appears to be a yeast infection may actually be a bacterial infection, which requires treatment by a health care practitioner (HCP). (uspharmacist.com)
- The kit should not be used for 72 hours after application of vaginal preparations (e.g., contraceptive creams and internal yeast infection products). (uspharmacist.com)
- According to HCP diagnosis, 32% of patients (n = 28) had a yeast infection, 23% (n = 21) had a bacterial infection or trichomoniasis, and 45% (n = 39) were normal. (uspharmacist.com)
- 6 In comparison, patient self-diagnosis was as follows: 43% (22/51) believed that they had a yeast infection, 26% (13/51) thought that they had a bacterial or trichomonal infection, and 31% (16/51) thought that they had no infection. (uspharmacist.com)
- bacterial infection
- Sometimes when vaginal pH is out of balance, you may develop a bacterial infection such as bacterial vaginosis. (wikihow.com)
- biopsy
- Diagnosis is typically by cervical screening followed by a biopsy. (wikipedia.org)
- chlamydial infection
- Without treatment about 10 percent of those with a chlamydial infection and 40 percent of those with a gonorrhea infection will develop PID. (wikipedia.org)
Download our free solidary book to support research on VHL disease