• Condensed tannins may be characterised by a number of techniques including depolymerisation, asymmetric flow field flow fractionation or small-angle X-ray scattering. (wikipedia.org)
  • Proanthocyanidins, including the lesser bioactive and bioavailable polymers (four or more catechins), represent a group of condensed flavan-3-ols, such as procyanidins, prodelphinidins and propelargonidins. (wikipedia.org)
  • DMACA is a dye that is particularly useful for localization of proanthocyanidin compounds in plant histology. (wikipedia.org)
  • include not only vitamins C and E and beta carotene, but also some elements such as selenium and copper (which form antioxidant metallo-enzymes), and other compounds found in plant foods such as flavonoids and polyphenols. (diagnose-me.com)
  • 8 Proanthocyanidins and foods with high levels of the compounds also are being investigated at the in vitro level for their anti-fungal properties, specifically against oral Candida strains. (bionutriciaextract.com)
  • Key components are volatile oil (8% consisting of up to 80% anethole, 18-22% fenchone and methyl chavicol), flavonoids , coumarins (including bergapten), and sterols. (diagnose-me.com)
  • Myricitrin, which is a flavonoid glycoside, was also found. (diagnose-me.com)
  • Proanthocyanidins are under preliminary research for the potential to reduce the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) by consuming cranberries, grape seeds or red wine. (wikipedia.org)
  • Proanthocyanidins also may be isolated from Quercus petraea and Q. robur heartwood (wine barrel oaks). (wikipedia.org)
  • In nature, proanthocyanidins serve among other chemical and induced defense mechanisms against plant pathogens and predators, such as occurs in strawberries. (wikipedia.org)
  • Proanthocyanidins were discovered in 1947 by Jacques Masquelier, who developed and patented techniques for the extraction of oligomeric proanthocyanidins from pine bark and grape seeds. (wikipedia.org)
  • Proanthocyanidins are under preliminary research for the potential to reduce the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) by consuming cranberries, grape seeds or red wine. (wikipedia.org)
  • and can be sub-divided into a range of sub-classes on the basis of the degree of oxidation of the oxygenated heterocycle, including: flavanols, flavonols, flavanones, flavones, isoflavones and anthocyanidins. (springer.com)
  • Technical Products and Impurities: Bilberry extract standardized to 25 percent anthocyanosides (glycoside form of anthocyanins) is available from Nuova Linnea (1999). (nih.gov)
  • Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis allows separation of monomers from larger proanthocyanidin molecules. (wikipedia.org)
  • Monomers of proanthocyanidins can be characterized by analysis with HPLC and mass spectrometry. (wikipedia.org)
  • In total, 34 studies were included into the review analysis. (publisso.de)