Include antioxidant ascorbate and h2o2 ascorbate peroxidases. Medical search. Frequent questions

The effects of cadmium (Cd) on antioxidant responses and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) were studied in Vicia faba L. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR), and the levels of ascorbate (ASC), glutathione (GSH), hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde (MDA, indicator of lipid peroxidation) were measured. (tubitak.gov.tr)
The aim of this work was to investigate changes in isoenzyme patterns of enzymes related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in cotton under Mg deficiency. (tubitak.gov.tr)
High relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), proline content (PRO), and better antioxidants such as super oxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were observed in tolerant accessions, viz. (icar.gov.in)
Also the results showed that the catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, chlorophyll a, carotenoid, plant height and grain yield were affected by intraction effect of fertilizer × Water stress. (ac.ir)
On the other hand, in all of the traits, the application of fertilizer treatments, especially mezopor zinc- silicon in Water stress (90%, 60% and 30% of field capicity) have the highest amount.Also mezopor zinc- silicon with increasing antioxidant enzymes catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase were significantly increased, which reduced malondialdehyde by 50% compared to no foliar application in 30% of field capicity. (ac.ir)
The activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, ascorbate-peroxidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) and the amount of non-enzymatic compounds (malondialdehyde and thiol) significantly decerased in the third and the fourth instar larvae of H. variegata on the micronutrient treatments compared to control. (ac.ir)
The increase of superoxide dismutase activity can indicate the occurrence of oxidative stress in the body of the third and the fourth instar larvae of predator H. variegata could be assigned to the accumulation of H2O2 in the body of M. persicae under the influence of the defensive secondary metabolites, which led to increase the activity of catalase and peroxidase. (ac.ir)
In latest several years, considerable proof has gathered suggesting that physiologically relevant concentrations of SA remedy can boost H2O2 levels, and H2O2 has been proposed as currently being functionally downstream of SA in plants dependent on the proof that SA can participate in regulating the antioxidant enzymes, these kinds of as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) [61,78,91-94]. (idhinhibitor.com)
In fact, a lower capacity to destroy H2O2-e.g., by catalase, peroxiredoxins, and GSH peroxidases-may cause tumor cells to grow and proliferate more rapidly than normal cells in response to low concentrations of H2O2. (thestemcellfoundation.com)
It was found that the yeast inoculation increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) activities under 300, 100, and 200 mM NaCl, respectively. (preprints.org)
Exposure to Se or mimosine exhibited a differential response in the mitochondrial catalase and ascorbate peroxidase (Asc-Px) activities. (typeset.io)
In the human cell, antioxidant molecules include both nonenzymatic compounds such as glutathione (GSH), thioredoxin (Trx), ascorbate, α -tocopherol, β -carotene, and coenzyme Q10 and enzymes such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Direct" enzymes that are directly regulated by Nrf2 include catalase and SOD1, and the "indirect" enzymes include GSH- and Trx-generating enzymes and heme oxygenase- (HO-) 1 [ 28 - 30 ]. (hindawi.com)

Biochemistry bioassays confirmed the involvement of monooxygenase enzyme, carboxylesterase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase in multi-insecticide resistance mechanism. (preprints.org)
In cells , antioxidants such as glutathione , mycothiol or bacillithiol , and enzyme systems like superoxide dismutase , can prevent damage from oxidative stress . (wikipedia.org)
Reduced transition metal ions, in contrast to ascorbic acid, readily react with O2, reducing it to superoxide radicals (Reaction 2), which in turn dismutate to form H2O2 and O2 (Reaction 3): The H2O2 produced this way (Reactions 1-3) seems to be key to ascorbate's antitumor effect because H2O2 causes cancer cells to undergo apoptosis, pyknosis, and necrosis (2). (thestemcellfoundation.com)
2011 ). On the other side, plants have developed some enzymatic systems including superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalases (CAT), ascorbate peroxidases (APX), peroxiredoxins and non-enzymatic mechanisms to protect against oxidative damage caused by these ROS (Agrawal et al. (springeropen.com)

The ascorbate-glutathione cycle, sometimes Foyer-Halliwell-Asada pathway, is a metabolic pathway that detoxifies hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a reactive oxygen species that is produced as a waste product in metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
Conversely, increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, reduced activity of antioxidants, more membrane injury, and high Na+/K+ ratio were observed in sensitive accessions, viz. (icar.gov.in)
Germination of selected vegetable seeds including corn (Zea mays L.), squash (Cucurbita pepo L.), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) was studied in water with different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution ranging from 0, 0. (researchgate.net)
The use of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is recently recommended for use in drip irrigation particularly for cleaning of drip emitters. (researchgate.net)
This work follows a number of articles by the same group, led by Mark Levine at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, showing that millimolar concentrations of extracellular vitamin C kill cancer cells but not normal cells in a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-dependent manner (1-3). (thestemcellfoundation.com)

Antioxidant Oxidative stress Peroxidases Noctor G, Foyer CH (Jun 1998). (wikipedia.org)
Cotton plants were grown with different concentrations of MgSO4 in hydroponic medium to create nutrient deficiency (0, 75, 150, 1000 μM Mg). Gradual decreases in growth and photosynthetic rates were observed with declining Mg concentrations and 0, 75, and 150 μM Mg increased oxidative stress as evidenced by H2O2 and lipid peroxidation. (tubitak.gov.tr)
The results suggest that Se is an antioxidant or it activates protective mechanisms, which can alleviate oxidative stress in the chloroplasts, and improve the recovery of chlorophyll content following light stress. (typeset.io)
Mn deficiency induced the oxidative stress for increase the H 2 O 2 and MDA content in leaves of plants and reduce the activity of antioxidant enzymes and total phenols causing damage to quantum efficiency of photosystem II and pigment content. (biomedcentral.com)
This review focuses on the effects of oxidative stress and the role of a particular antioxidant system-the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway-on ocular diseases, specifically age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma. (hindawi.com)
Imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of oxidants leads to oxidative stress. (hindawi.com)

Nevertheless, other enzymes (peroxidases) including peroxiredoxins and glutathione peroxidases, which use thioredoxins or glutaredoxins as reducing substrates, also contribute to H2O2 removal in plants. (wikipedia.org)

These molecules undergo free radical chain reactions, but antioxidants inhibit them by preventing the oxidation processes. (wikipedia.org)
2016) also suggested that H2O2 molecules play dual roles in plant physiological and developmental processes. (researchgate.net)
These final results indicate that there is a likely conversation among SA and H2O2 as signaling molecules. (idhinhibitor.com)
In water solutions, this substance is present as a monovalent anion, ascorbate- (Asc-), which easily donates electrons to oxidized molecules and scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS). (deepdyve.com)
Can antioxidant molecules be used through local/topical drug delivery for oral mucosal lesions? (researchgate.net)
Antioxidants are molecules that reduce ROS and keep the oxidative damage at a minimum. (hindawi.com)

As part of their adaptation from marine life, terrestrial plants began producing non-marine antioxidants such as ascorbic acid ( vitamin C ), polyphenols and tocopherols . (wikipedia.org)
[12] These preservatives include natural antioxidants such as ascorbic acid (AA, E300) and tocopherols (E306), as well as synthetic antioxidants such as propyl gallate (PG, E310), tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA, E320) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT, E321). (wikipedia.org)

The deduced amino acid sequence showed high homology with glutathione peroxidases of angiosperms and contained the characteristic conserved motifs of ILAFPCNQF and FTVKD, the highest level of similarity was 85% to a glutathione peroxidase from Ricinus communis (Accession NO. XP_002509790.1). (springeropen.com)

These changes in antioxidant enzyme activities were negatively correlated with lipid peroxidation. (tubitak.gov.tr)
[9] Research into how vitamin E prevents the process of lipid peroxidation led to the identification of antioxidants as reducing agents that prevent oxidative reactions, often by scavenging reactive oxygen species before they can damage cells. (wikipedia.org)

Since glutathione, ascorbate and NADPH are present in high concentrations in plant cells it is assumed that the glutathione-ascorbate cycle plays a key role for H2O2 detoxification. (wikipedia.org)
It is well known that H2O2 exerts dose-dependent effects on cell function, from growth stimulation at very low concentrations to growth arrest, apoptosis, and eventually necrosis as H2O2 concentrations increase (8). (thestemcellfoundation.com)
Identification of this metal-containing protein will be critical because it seems to be the cause for millimolar concentrations of ascorbate to act as a pro-oxidant in interstitial fluid. (thestemcellfoundation.com)
These observations, combined with the inhibitory effect on xenograft growth, provide the proof of concept that millimolar concentrations of extracellular ascorbate, achievable by i.p. injection or i.v. infusion in experimental animals and humans, respectively, exert pro-oxidant, antitumor effects in vivo. (thestemcellfoundation.com)
Under salt treatment of 300 mM NaCl, the yeast inoculation significantly increased ascorbate concentrations in leaves, yet showed no effects on levels of glutathione and proline. (preprints.org)
Here, the effects of solutions with different concentrations of NaCl on the organic osmolytes, ion accumulation, and antioxidant enzyme activity of hibiscus seedling leaves were determined. (mdpi.com)

In addition, H2O2 activates SA biosynthesis through stimulation of BA2H (benzoic acid two-hydroxylase) action [97], which is also observed in tobacco cells. (idhinhibitor.com)
Nrf2 activates transcription of antioxidant enzymes by binding to the antioxidant response element (ARE) in the promoter regions of its target genes [ 23 , 24 ]. (hindawi.com)

Polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase in apple leaves inoculated with a virulent or an avirulent strain for Erwinia amylovora . (ac.ir)

These data show that apoplastic redox-active transition metals are involved in the ascorbate-induced [Ca2+]cyt. (deepdyve.com)
However, ascorbate readily donates an electron to redox-active transition metal ions, such as cupric (Cu2+) or ferric (Fe3+) ions, reducing them to cuprous (Cu+) and ferrous (Fe2+) ions, respectively (Reaction 1). (thestemcellfoundation.com)
The chemical reactions linking ascorbate to H2O2, as explained above (Reactions 1-3), require a redox-active transition metal-without it, ascorbate cannot exert pro-oxidant effects. (thestemcellfoundation.com)

The cycle involves the antioxidant metabolites: ascorbate, glutathione and NADPH and the enzymes linking these metabolites. (wikipedia.org)
the net electron flow is from NADPH to H2O2. (wikipedia.org)
DPI, a distinct inhibitor of membrane-joined NADPH oxidase, which is one particular of the principal resources of H2O2 development in plant cells, inhibited NADPH oxidase activity and also inhibited ARF in mung bean hypocotyls. (idhinhibitor.com)

However, it was the identification of vitamins C and E as antioxidants that revolutionized the field and led to the realization of the importance of antioxidants in the biochemistry of living organisms . (wikipedia.org)
You are on rotations in an underserved primary care clinic when you come across a patient who can't stop talking about the importance of antioxidants. (mockdocs.org)

The data revealed that superior genotypes from these species are rich in natural antioxidants and bioactive compounds. (bvsalud.org)
Antioxidants are compounds that inhibit oxidation (usually occurring as autoxidation ), a chemical reaction that can produce free radicals . (wikipedia.org)
Autoxidation leads to degradation of organic compounds, including living matter. (wikipedia.org)
Known dietary antioxidants are vitamins A , C , and E , but the term antioxidant has also been applied to numerous other dietary compounds that only have antioxidant properties in vitro , with little evidence for antioxidant properties in vivo . (wikipedia.org)
In this study, effect of foliar application of micronutrient fertilizers included iron, zinc, copper and manganese were investigated on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, amount of antioxidant non-enzymatic compounds and storage-macromolecules (protein, glycogen and triglyceride) of the third and fourth instar larvae of H. variegata fed on M. persicae. (ac.ir)

The evolution of angiosperm plants between 50 and 200 million years ago resulted in the development of many antioxidant pigments - particularly during the Jurassic period - as chemical defences against reactive oxygen species that are byproducts of photosynthesis . (wikipedia.org)

In distinction, other scientific studies report that SA accumulation could be induced by elevated H2O2 amounts [97,ninety eight]. (idhinhibitor.com)
EPR spectroscopy measurements demonstrate that salinity (NaCl) triggers the accumulation of root apoplastic ascorbyl radicals in an A9C-dependent manner, confirming that l-ascorbate leaks through anion channels under depolarization. (deepdyve.com)

The outcomes advise that H2O2 may perform as a downstream signaling molecule or associated in a parallel pathway in the SA-induced formation and improvement of AR in mung bean seedlings. (idhinhibitor.com)

Production of many crops, including onion, under salinity is lagging due to limited information on the physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in plants. (icar.gov.in)
Effects of biofertilizer and nano Zn-Fe oxide on physiological traits, antioxidant enzymes activity and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under salinity stress. (ac.ir)
Overall, these are very important physiological roles of AA relating this molecule exclusively to antioxidant functions. (deepdyve.com)

Antioxidants are an especially important class of preservatives as, unlike bacterial or fungal spoilage, oxidation reactions still occur relatively rapidly in frozen or refrigerated food. (wikipedia.org)
This mechanism may underlie ascorbate release, signalling phenomena, apoplastic redox reactions, iron acquisition, and control the ionic and electrical equilibrium (together with K+ efflux via GORK channels). (deepdyve.com)
Antioxidant systems in the cell can be categorized into two consecutive phase reactions: phase I and phase II reactions [ 9 - 11 ]. (hindawi.com)

However, the strongest antioxidant activity (83.95%) through DPPH assay, and the highest total soluble carbohydrate (115.23 mg/g DW) content were observed at 300 and 150 mg/kg Cu concentration under severe drought stress, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
This study evaluated several secondary metabolites, essential oils (EOs) compositions, and antioxidant activity in four medicinal plants that originated in Isfahan rangelands. (bvsalud.org)
The highest total chlorophyll (0.27â mg/g DW), total carotenoids (0.03â mg/g DW), and antioxidant activity (71.36 %) were observed in A. adscendens, A. adscendens and A. verus, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
[6] Antioxidant activity could be measured simply by placing the fat in a closed container with oxygen and measuring the rate of oxygen consumption. (wikipedia.org)
[7] [8] The possible mechanisms of action of antioxidants were first explored when it was recognized that a substance with anti-oxidative activity is likely to be one that is itself readily oxidized. (wikipedia.org)
Peroxidase activity registered a significant increase by threefold in mitochondria and fourfold in soluble fraction in both Se and mimosine groups. (typeset.io)
I will be thankful if anybody answer my question and send me a clear protocol to measure ABTS Radical scavenging activity of protein samples.I want to measure antioxidant capacity of my samples by ABTS assay. (researchgate.net)

Soil contamination with heavy metals adversely affects plants growth, development and metabolism in many parts of the world including arid and semi-arid regions. (bvsalud.org)

In view of the existing contradictory benefits 1235034-55-5 cost derived from in vitro and in vivo studies, the method by which SA improves H2O2 manufacturing in vivo and the relative significance of this kind of SA-increased H2O2 remains unclear. (idhinhibitor.com)

In contrast, the protein must be absent or inactive in blood, otherwise ascorbate would become oxidized to the ascorbyl radical or be unstable, which is not observed (1). (thestemcellfoundation.com)
1) provide no direct evidence for the existence of the metalloprotein or the formation of reduced transition metal ions by extracellular ascorbate, they measure the other reaction product formed between ascorbate and the putative metal center, i.e., the ascorbyl radical (Reaction 1). (thestemcellfoundation.com)
They also show that the concentration of the ascorbyl radical correlates with the concentration of H2O2 in interstitial fluid, whereas no H2O2 can be detected in blood or plasma (3, 9). (thestemcellfoundation.com)

In plants, the glutathione-ascorbate cycle operates in the cytosol, mitochondria, plastids and peroxisomes. (wikipedia.org)

Whatever the exact mechanism, the increased sensitivity of tumor cells to killing by H2O2 may provide the specificity and "therapeutic window" for the antitumor effect of extracellular ascorbate (1, 2). (thestemcellfoundation.com)
To understand the mechanism of tolerance to deferent stresses in tea plant, a new glutathione peroxidase gene of tea plant was cloned and its expression pattern was analyzed under abiotic and biotic stresses. (springeropen.com)

Antioxidant defense response of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae against secondary metabolites of the host plants cumin, anise, and coriander. (ac.ir)

An early study by Narimanov (2000) reported enhanced germination, emergence and development of seedlings using a short seed soaking treatment with H2O2 in a wide variety of crops including corn (Zea mays L.), beans (Phaseolus sp. (researchgate.net)
iv) After fulfilling these three criteria, the product must be biosafe: not produce mammalian toxins that affect users and consumers, and have a host range that does not include crops and beneficial organisms, and in most cases that it will not spread from application sites or have environmental residues beyond those needed to control the target pest. (weizmann.ac.il)

In the first step of this pathway, H2O2 is reduced to water by ascorbate peroxidase (APX) using ascorbate (ASC) as the electron donor. (wikipedia.org)

Intriguingly, the replacement of gluconate with ascorbate in the patch-clamp pipette reveals a large ascorbate efflux current, which shows sensitivity to the anion channel blocker, anthracene-9-carboxylic acid (A9C), indicative of the ascorbate release via anion channels. (deepdyve.com)
The reason for the increased sensitivity of tumor cells to H2O2 is not clear but may be due to lower antioxidant defenses (7). (thestemcellfoundation.com)

The CsGPX2 gene showed strong responses to most abiotic stresses including salinity, heavy metal toxicity, drought, heat, plant hormones, but could not be induced by biotic treatment. (springeropen.com)

This review is to assess the mode of action and role of antioxidants in protecting plants from stress caused by the presence of heavy metals in the environment. (typeset.io)
The aim of this review is to assess the mode of action and role of antioxidants in protecting plants from stress caused by the presence of heavy metals in the environment. (typeset.io)

The main factor included Water stress (W1: 90% of field capicity, W2: 60% of field capacity, W3: 30% of field capacity) and sub factors included fertilizer treatments F1: control (no fertilizer application), F2: zinc sulfate, F3: silicon, F4: zinc sulfate+silicon, F5: mezopor zinc- silicon. (ac.ir)

[3] Dietary supplements marketed as antioxidants have not been shown to maintain health or prevent disease in humans. (wikipedia.org)
His interests currently include nutrition and dietary therapy, herbal treatments, bio-identical HRT and intravenous nutritional therapy for chronic diseases such as CFS, adrenal fatigue, thyroid disorders, male and female menopause and cancer. (thecancerrevolution.co.uk)

Bailly C, Bogatek-Leszczynska R, Côme D, Corbineau F (2002) Changes in activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipoxygenase during growth of sunflower seedlings from seeds of different vigour. (malque.pub)

Exogenous copper and iron stimulate the ascorbate-induced [Ca2+]cyt. (deepdyve.com)

They show formation of this radical in a time-dependent and ascorbate-dose-dependent manner in interstitial fluid of tissues, including tumor xenografts, but not in blood (1, 3). (thestemcellfoundation.com)

The Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway plays a critical role in the regulation of a comprehensive and protective antioxidant response [ 22 ]. (hindawi.com)

Exogenous ascorbate also induces a moderate increase in programmed cell death symptoms in intact roots, but it does not activate Ca2+ influx currents in patch-clamped root protoplasts. (deepdyve.com)

showed that the effect of H2O2 on corn seed germination was significantly greater than for seed treated with aerated water but no H2O2. (researchgate.net)
The enhanced effects on germination with H2O2 have a) been reported for seed with pathogenic infestations (Szopniska, 2014) i.e. a biocidal effect, and b) mediated through the oxidation of germination inhibitors present in the seed coat or/and in the pericarp, i.e. a seed treatment effect. (researchgate.net)
Also, the effect of thermal annealing on the structural change of nylon 6 fibers including the degree of flow-induced crystallization is totally different from that of PLA fibers. (vegfr-3inhibitor.com)

Moreover, other research have indicated that H2O2 does not operate downstream of SA in regulating PR protein expression [ninety nine]. (idhinhibitor.com)

[i] The cumulative long term effects of sleep loss have been associated with a wide range of damaging health consequences, including obesity, diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, anxiety and depression. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)

Relatively less known are the effects of H2O2 in irrigation water on seed germination, seedling growth and establishment. (researchgate.net)

Antioxidant enzymes were affected differently by the yeast inoculation. (preprints.org)
Members of the Prx1 subgroup are those referred to as "typical" 2-Cys Prxs that include mammalian PrxI to PrxIV, bacterial AhpC, and yeast TSA. (molcells.org)

Early research on the role of antioxidants in biology focused on their use in preventing the oxidation of unsaturated fats , which is the cause of rancidity . (wikipedia.org)

The improvement of adventitious roots are blocked in hypocotyls taken care of with DMTU or DPI (Determine four), implying that endogenous H2O2 plays a pivotal function in adventitious rooting. (idhinhibitor.com)
The glutathione peroxidase gene has positive function to damage induced by ROS. (springeropen.com)

Anatomy8

Organisms12

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs38

Phenomena and Processes12

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Information Science3

Catalase13

Superoxide4

Hydrogen peroxide5

Oxidative stress6

Peroxiredoxins1

Molecules6

Ascorbic acid2

Glutathione peroxidases1

Lipid peroxidation2

Concentrations6

Activates2

Polyphenol1

Redox-active transition3

NADPH3

Importance of antioxidants2

Compounds5

Reactive1

Accumulation2

Signaling molecule1

Physiological3

Reactions3

Activity7

Metabolism1

Vivo1

Ascorbyl3

Mitochondria1

Mechanism2

Defense1

Crops2

Electron1

Sensitivity2

Salinity1

Plants2

Zinc1

Dietary2

Seedlings1

Copper1

Tissues1

Protective1

Increase1

Effect3

Protein1

Tolerance1

Water1

Yeast2

Role1

Function2