Inactivity sedentary lifestyle. Medical search. Frequent questions

Esmonde-White defines a sedentary lifestyle as a lifestyle that involves "longer than six hours a day" of sedentary behavior. (wikipedia.org)
001). The screen time as a sedentary behavior among university students is quite high and these findings can be taken into account as a warning indicating increases in the sedentary lifestyle of these young adults. (ufzg.hr)
The mean daily duration of sedentary behavior is 8.3 hours among the Korean population and 7.7 hours among the American adult population. (researchgate.net)
Increased sedentary time impairs the gravitostat, the body's weight homeostat, and weight gain, adiposity, and elevated chronic inflammation caused by sedentary behavior are risk factors for cancer. (researchgate.net)
Increasingly the health impacts of physical inactivity are being distinguished from those of sedentary behavior. (humankinetics.com)
Public Health systems may benefit from developing policy and interventions that do more to limit sedentary behavior and encourage light intensity activity in its place. (humankinetics.com)
This rapid growth reflects trends in American eating habits and behavior, the authors note, since the risk of developing type 2 diabetes increases with age, obesity, and physical inactivity. (eurekalert.org)
The risks of sedentary behavior are universal and it is important for nurses to adopt a more active lifestyle. (minoritynurse.com)
Factors such as poor diet, physical inactivity, poor sleep habits, and sedentary behavior have all been associated with ADHD. (medscape.com)
Existing evidence on the association between sedentary behavior (SB) and cognitive function remains inconclusive. (frontiersin.org)
Sedentary work and measuring physical activity in applied sedentary behavior research. (cdc.gov)
There is a long-term, global trend towards physical inactivity and sedentary behavior (Kohl et al. (cdc.gov)
However, the consequences of sedentary behavior, which include increased risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, injury, all-cause mortality, and more (see Tudor-Locke & Schuna, 2012), develop over long periods of time and may not cause an immediate expense for employers. (cdc.gov)
Workplace sedentary behavior is also intertwined with overall sedentary behavior. (cdc.gov)
Employers may view sedentary behavior as something that employees should address during non-work time. (cdc.gov)
But as a place where many people spend 50% of waking hours, the workplace plays a significant role in overall sedentary behavior, and employers should therefore bear some responsibility for reducing exposure to sedentary work. (cdc.gov)
The overall goal of this team is to leverage lifestyle research (e.g. nutrition, physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep, and stress research) to enhance the understanding of the causes of lifestyle-related cancers and identify pathways to prevention. (who.int)

One of the most prominent direct effect of a sedentary lifestyle is an increased BMI leading to obesity. (wikipedia.org)
At least 300,000 premature deaths, and $90 billion in direct healthcare costs are caused by obesity and sedentary lifestyle per year in the US alone. (wikipedia.org)
Rising rates of overweight, obesity, and physical inactivity in China's rapidly growing cities and urban populations have been due to urban development practices and policies. (wikipedia.org)
Obesity and sedentary lifestyle are two common risk factors posed in menopausal women. (targetwoman.com)
Regular exercise is essential to combat inactivity and obesity which is a strong risk factor for heart disease. (targetwoman.com)
People who have sedentary lifestyles, have poor eating habits, and have higher rates of obesity and blood sugar are more likely to develop OA in thumb. (marketresearchfuture.com)
Physical inactivity - A sedentary lifestyle contributes to obesity, high blood pressure and high cholesterol, all of which increase the risk of cardiovascular complications. (baptisthealthsystem.com)
Even when glucose is controlled, patients with diabetes have an increased risk of heart disease and stroke, as there are often other risk factors present that contribute to CVD, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, tobacco use, and physical inactivity. (pharmacytimes.com)
Physical inactivity, sedentary behaviour, and overweight or obesity can raise our risk of cancer. (drvineetagoel.com)
Physical inactivity, sedentary lifestyle and obesity in the European Union. (bvsalud.org)
Due to an increase in inactive (sedentary) lifestyles, obesity, and other risk factors, the frequency of this disease has more than quadrupled in the past 35 years. (medlineplus.gov)
Obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, stress, smoking, and excessive amounts of alcohol or sodium (salt) in the diet all can play a role in the development of high blood pressure in people who have an inherited tendency to develop it. (msdmanuals.com)

Occupational sedentary behaviour accounts for a significant proportion of sitting time for many adults. (wikipedia.org)
Our research explores physical activities, sedentary behaviour and sleep patterns in children aged five and under, relating them to cognitive and motor development," says Dr Azevedo. (hud.ac.uk)
The Sedentary Behaviour Questionnaire (SBQ) (Munguía-Izquierdo et al. (who.int)
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as sedentary behaviour, decreased physical activity (PA), and low cardiorespiratory fitness lead to an increased and accelerated risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. (bvsalud.org)
A major focus of the team is the development and dissemination of innovative methods of exposure assessment as well as sustainable evidence-based lifestyle interventions that will help researchers and other relevant stakeholders to support their communities with tailored lifestyle recommendations and effective behaviour change strategies for cancer prevention. (who.int)
these intervention strategies make use of teachable moments, such as during cancer screening, to reach high-risk population groups during periods when they may be more receptive and motivated for lifestyle behaviour changes (e.g. the LIFE-SCREEN intervention currently being evaluated in the colorectal cancer screening programme in France). (who.int)

World Mental Health Day 2023: Extended periods of sitting and inactivity can harm brain health, further aggravating mental well-being. (ndtv.com)

It is vital to take active preventive steps by practicing healthy lifestyle habits. (targetwoman.com)
I learnt about multiple diseases that go under the name of NCDs, those diseases have a major risk factor which was a bad lifestyle and bad habits. (who.int)
Sedentary habits, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption can elevate cholesterol levels. (oakbendmedcenter.org)
Your active habits (e.g., how much we move) and sedentary habits (e.g., for how long we sit) will be assessed and we will propose challenges to change your lifestyle. (who.int)

A sedentary lifestyle is characterized by a lack of physical activity, with most of the day spent sitting or lying down. (wehappy.info)
To reduce the negative effects of a sedentary lifestyle, it is important to increase physical activity. (wehappy.info)
A sedentary lifestyle, characterized by prolonged periods of sitting or low physical activity, profoundly impacts mental health. (ndtv.com)
To counteract the adverse effects of a sedentary lifestyle on mental health, individuals should strive to incorporate more physical activity into their daily routines. (ndtv.com)
Therefore, reducing sedentary behaviors and increasing physical activity are both important to promote public health. (researchgate.net)
The findings of this study suggest that incentivising physical activity to tackle inactivity and a sedentary lifestyle can lead to better activity levels. (rand.org)
Conversely, the Sedentary & Low Active cluster (n = 6286) achieved ≤60 MET·min·wk −1 of physical activity and sat for ≥8 h·d −1 . (humankinetics.com)
It is important to gather some perspective on the impact of a sedentary lifestyle and how it is more common than physical activity. (minoritynurse.com)
Many people today lead sedentary lifestyles with little to no physical activity. (marketresearchfuture.com)
Held on the second Saturday in June each year, this day promotes physical activity, a healthy lifestyle, and the importance of parks and recreation in keeping communities healthy and active. (aapc.com)
The research should be relevant to the area of physical activity and inactivity, exercise, sports, and sedentary lifestyles and in the context of addressing U.S. and global health objectives. (acsm.org)
The children and their parents provided data regarding adherence to nine healthy lifestyle recommendations that included diet, physical activity, sleep and screen time, all of which are supported by evidence demonstrating their beneficial effects on children's health. (medscape.com)
In 2010, to counteract the debilitating effects of inactivity and sedentary lifestyles, the World Health Organization (WHO) published guidelines for physical activity across the lifespan. (rifton.com)
Regular physical activity has long been regarded as an important component of a healthy lifestyle. (cdc.gov)
1-7) Despite this evidence and the public's apparent acceptance of the importance of physical activity, millions of US adults remain essentially sedentary. (cdc.gov)
If our sedentary society is to change to one that is more physically active, health organizations and educational institutions must communicate to the public the amounts and types of physical activity that are needed to prevent disease and promote health. (cdc.gov)

In type 2 diabetes, it often presents with other risk factors such as using tobacco, being overweight or obese, and living a sedentary lifestyle. (pharmacytimes.com)

Poverty percentage significantly affected physical inactivity prevalence and diabetes prevalence in two separate models. (cdc.gov)
Using a model with both physical inactivity and poverty percentages as independent variables, we verified that physical inactivity prevalence is a significant mediator. (cdc.gov)
In this model, physical inactivity prevalence resulted in a significant positive association with diabetes prevalence, and the influence of poverty percentage on diabetes prevalence was significantly reduced (P=0.0009). (cdc.gov)
An advanced spatiotemporal analysis revealed that 32.65% of counties having a significant positive association between diabetes prevalence and physical inactivity prevalence also had a significant positive association between physical inactivity prevalence and poverty percentage. (cdc.gov)
Our objective was to examine the pattern of lifestyle factors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Grenada and to determine whether the prevalence of CVD risk factors differs by subgroups. (cdc.gov)
2012). In the United States in particular, labor force trends have resulted in a steady increase in the prevalence of sedentary jobs and a population level decrease in energy expenditure at work (Church et al. (cdc.gov)

Specifically, pharmacists can help to address risk factors that contribute to cardiovascular disease, such as hypertension, lipid levels, and antiplatelet agents and offer lifestyle modifications when reviewing medications and counseling their patients about this chronic health disease. (pharmacytimes.com)
Background: A sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). (wits.ac.za)
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors associated with lifestyle include smoking, alcohol intake, diet, and exercise. (medscape.com)
Primordial prevention focuses on population-based healthy lifestyle choices to minimize coronary risk factors, whereas primary prevention seeks to delay or prevent the onset of cardiovascular disease. (medscape.com)

Spending most waking hours sitting does not necessarily mean that an individual is sedentary, though sitting and lying down most frequently are sedentary behaviors. (wikipedia.org)
However, the health risks posed by sedentary behaviors are not well known. (researchgate.net)
Sedentary lifestyles are spreading worldwide because of a lack of available spaces for exercise, increased occupational sedentary behaviors such as office work, and the increased penetration of television and video devices. (researchgate.net)
Sedentary behaviors reduce lipoprotein lipase activity, muscle glucose, protein transporter activities, impair lipid metabolism, and diminish carbohydrate metabolism. (researchgate.net)

A sedentary lifestyle contributes to poor health quality, diseases as well as many preventable causes of death. (wikipedia.org)
A sedentary lifestyle with very little or no physical inactivity also contributes to weight gain during this phase. (selfgrowth.com)

Physical inactivity displays a mediator role in the association of diabetes and poverty: a spatiotemporal analysis. (cdc.gov)
Physical inactivity is one of the risk factors of diabetes. (cdc.gov)
In addition, physical inactivity is attributed to urbanization-related factors, such as poverty, which is also one of the risk factors of diabetes. (cdc.gov)
We hypothesized that physical inactivity is a mediator in the association between diabetes and poverty, and that spatial heterogeneity exists in these relationships. (cdc.gov)
In summary, the findings of this study demonstrate the mediating effect of physical inactivity between diabetes and poverty. (cdc.gov)
This includes therapeutic lifestyle changes and the medical treatment of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. (medscape.com)
You can get the most relevant and accurate info you need about health problems like diabetes , cancer , pregnancy , HIV and AIDS , weight loss and many other lifestyle diseases. (ndtv.com)
It's known that a sedentary lifestyle can lead to a host of physical and mental health problems including Type 2 Diabetes, depression, and heart disease. (acefitness.org)
You can effectively prevent delay and even prevent the development of diabetes by making positive lifestyle changes and leading an active lifestyle. (henrycountyhospital.org)
Genetic variations likely act together with health and lifestyle factors to influence an individual's overall risk of type 2 diabetes. (medlineplus.gov)

NCDs are expected to be a key challenge for the population health as the country is increasingly being exposed to globalization and NCD risk factors: tobacco use, importation of unhealthy food (diet rich in saturated fats or high salt consumption) and inadequate consumption of vegetables and fruits and urban sedentary lifestyles. (who.int)
They should save their strength and rest.Fact: Research shows that a sedentary lifestyle is unhealthy for seniors. (irishcentral.com)

Sedentary lifestyle is a lifestyle type, in which one is physically inactive and does little or no physical movement and or exercise. (wikipedia.org)
Living a sedentary, or inactive, lifestyle has consistently been one of the top five risk factors for heart disease. (healthline.com)
Regardless of BMI, you are at risk of developing OA if you live an inactive, sedentary lifestyle for too long as this can lead to the muscles around the joints weakening. (lu.se)

The study aimed to compare the effect of the novel time-efficient 'Gear' exercise programme (90-second 'Gear' exercise programme) repeated at different times in the day (GEP-DT) and the effect of the 18-minute 'Gear' exercise programme repeated at one point in time (GEP-OT) with traditional exercise on cardiometabolic risk factors, inflammatory markers and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) measurements in sedentary persons with an elevated risk of CVD. (wits.ac.za)

Part of the increase is due to an increasingly sedentary lifestyle and increasing caloric intake," said Stafford. (eurekalert.org)
An increasingly sedentary lifestyle is becoming a worldwide public health problem. (lu.se)

Although there is strong evidence emerging that lifestyle changes can prevent and manage these chronic diseases, individuals face many barriers and challenges in changing their behaviours and achieving a physically active lifestyle. (ait.ie)
Evidence shows leading a sedentary lifestyle - sitting or lying down for long periods of time - can have a devastating impact on your health. (diamond.co.uk)
The evidence is there to show that the association between lifestyle and physical health exists. (medscape.com)

But prolonged inactivity, like what most of us experienced in 2020, can lead to back and neck pain, loss of muscle mass, and an increased risk of injuries. (acefitness.org)

In addition, addressing risk factors with lifestyle changes is an integral part of atherosclerosis prevention. (medscape.com)
Inactivity also affects other risk factors for heart disease. (healthline.com)
Several risk factors contribute to the development of heart disease, including genetic factors and lifestyle choices. (baptisthealthsystem.com)
What we do know, is that several genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors play a role in increasing the risk of developing OA The more risk factors present, the higher the probability is of developing the disease. (lu.se)
The team also undertakes studies to identify novel biomarkers of dietary, lifestyle, and environmental exposures for cancer risk factors that may help to improve the accuracy of exposure measurement in cancer epidemiological and intervention studies. (who.int)

Physical inactivity, and sedentary lifestyles have caused the incidence of chronic disease in our society to increase in recent decades. (ait.ie)
Can a Healthy Lifestyle Reduce ADHD Incidence in Children? (medscape.com)
In one of the first investigations of its kind, the study of more than 3000 fifth-grade students in Nova Scotia, Canada, showed that those who met at least seven of nine healthy lifestyle recommendations had a substantially lower incidence of ADHD compared to their counterparts who only met between one and three of the criteria. (medscape.com)
To date, said Veugelers, there has been no prospective research examining the independent and combined association between meeting healthy lifestyle recommendations in childhood and incidence of ADHD in adolescence. (medscape.com)

Chronic non-communicable diseases are emerging as the main cause of morbidity and mortality in the country with the fast changing lifestyle and development. (who.int)
The epidemiologic transition (1,2) is the shift in mortality from childhood infectious diseases, nutrient deficiencies, and epidemics at all ages to degenerative and lifestyle-related diseases at a later age. (cdc.gov)
But now we know that a sedentary lifestyle in general and sitting time in particular have a direct effect and are an independent risk factor for chronic diseases," said study author Irina Kovalskys, PhD, a pediatric specialist in nutrition and a professor of nutrition at the Catholic University of Argentina and a principal investigator of ELANS. (medscape.com)

Studies have shown that a sedentary lifestyle is associated with a decline in cognitive function, memory impairment, and an increased risk of conditions such as depression and anxiety. (ndtv.com)

ABSTRACT Sedentary lifestyle is a major underlying cause of death, disease, and disability worldwide. (who.int)

A sedentary lifestyle affects the human body through various mechanisms. (researchgate.net)
At first I only considered physical health, but in recent years it's become apparent that lifestyle affects mental health as well. (medscape.com)

This type of lifestyle is often referred to as a "sedentary lifestyle" and can have numerous negative effects on both physical and mental health. (wehappy.info)
In conclusion, a sedentary lifestyle can have numerous negative effects on physical and mental health. (wehappy.info)
A sedentary lifestyle can affect your mental as well as physical health. (ndtv.com)
Inactivity, stress, improper diet pattern are some of the reasons for poor physiological or psychological health. (diethealthclub.com)
Physical inactivity is closely related to premature death, preventable disease, and health care costs. (minoritynurse.com)
And inactivity comes with high health and financial costs. (aapc.com)
According to the Department of Health, inactivity is a silent killer. (diamond.co.uk)
Although getting a moment to relax can help you to destress and unwind every now and again, spending a majority of your time in inactivity can have a negative impact on your body and your health. (henrycountyhospital.org)
In fact, leading a sedentary lifestyle filled with long periods of laying down or sitting can put you at an increased risk for developing certain health conditions. (henrycountyhospital.org)
My research interest has always been how the lifestyles of children affect health," said Veugelers. (medscape.com)
It is never too late to make positive lifestyle changes to improve your heart health. (baptisthealthsystem.com)
These organizations and institutions, providers of health services, communities, and individuals must also implement effective strategies that promote the adoption of physically active lifestyles. (cdc.gov)
2011). To date most employers have not treated sedentary work like a traditional safety or health hazard. (cdc.gov)
From an employer perspective, as the consequences of sedentary work become clearer and more pervasive, they should proactively protect the health and safety of employees and reduce or eliminate exposure to sedentary work. (cdc.gov)

Indirectly, an increased BMI due to a sedentary lifestyle can lead to decreased productivity and increased absenteeism from necessary activities like work. (wikipedia.org)
Inactivity often causes seniors to lose the ability to do things on their own and can lead to more hospitalizations and doctor visits. (irishcentral.com)
In some scenarios, muscles might ache from disuse or inactivity, in people who lead sedentary lifestyles. (cure-back-pain.org)
With COVID-19 patients, living a sedentary lifestyle during the illness can lead to functional losses. (integrisok.com)
Physical inactivity can lead to weight gain, which often results in higher LDL and lower HDL cholesterol levels. (oakbendmedcenter.org)

Lifestyle modifications include abstinence from smoking and alcohol. (diethealthclub.com)

Deconditioning is a complex process of physiological change following a period of inactivity, bed rest or sedentary lifestyle. (ukessays.com)

Incorporating exercise and a healthy diet into a family's lifestyle takes a team effort. (aapc.com)
Inactivity is a global burden, and escalating work and family commitments directly impact exercise adherence. (wits.ac.za)
We used to believe that any intense physical exercise could compensate for a sedentary life. (medscape.com)

Medical students tend to adopt sedentary lifestyles due to a demanding curriculum. (bvsalud.org)

For example, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center, sedentary people have a 35 percent greater risk of developing high blood pressure than physically active people do. (healthline.com)
The most physically active subjects generally had disease rates 50 percent lower than those who are sedentary. (healthline.com)
The authors are with the Centre for Active Lifestyles, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK. (humankinetics.com)
For some, it might conjure up a negative connotation while for others, they may already be a go getter for an active lifestyle. (minoritynurse.com)
You can effectively maintain the density of your bones by leading an active lifestyle that incorporates strength-training. (henrycountyhospital.org)
Walking is an easy way to start and maintain a physically active lifestyle, and parks are a great place to start. (cdc.gov)
However, this does not entail that it is impossible to live an active and healthy lifestyle with your OA. (lu.se)

Physical inactivity is the fourth risk factor for mortality worldwide. (rifton.com)

Effects of a sedentary work life or lifestyle can be either direct or indirect. (wikipedia.org)
So it is more important than ever to find ways to add more movement to your day and combat the effects of a sedentary lifestyle. (acefitness.org)
Muscle weakness is often due to inactivity or muscle injuries although other causes include underlying conditions and side effects from certain medications). (lu.se)

Sitting time is a common measure of a sedentary lifestyle. (wikipedia.org)
The aim of the present study was to examine the screen time differences as an indicator of sedentary lifestyle in terms of some socio-demographic variables among university students. (ufzg.hr)
Americans are too sedentary - sitting more, in fact, than any other time in history. (dayton.com)
A sedentary lifestyle is basically a lifestyle where a person spends most of his/her time in one comfor. (drvineetagoel.com)

Workplace interventions such as alternative activity workstations, sit-stand desks, and promotion of stair use are among measures implemented to counter the harms of a sedentary workplace. (wikipedia.org)

Fortunately, you can lower your risk of developing heart disease as well as your risk for having a heart attack by leading a heart-healthy lifestyle. (henrycountyhospital.org)
Preventing high cholesterol involves adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle. (oakbendmedcenter.org)
Children who follow key healthy lifestyle recommendations at age 10 and 11 are much less likely to be diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by age 14. (medscape.com)
The study findings came as little surprise to Veugelers, who has long been an advocate of the benefits of a healthy lifestyle. (medscape.com)
In an age where ADHD is typically addressed with pharmaceuticals, the study offers parents further impetus to promote healthy lifestyle choices to their children, the investigators note. (medscape.com)
A heart-healthy lifestyle and proper management of chronic conditions are crucial components of prevention. (baptisthealthsystem.com)

This condition results from a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors, some of which have not been identified. (medlineplus.gov)

A person living a sedentary lifestyle is often sitting or lying down while engaged in an activity like socializing, watching TV, playing video games, reading or using a mobile phone or computer for much of the day. (wikipedia.org)
According to research from the University of South Carolina, men who reported more than 23 hours a week of sedentary activity had a 64 percent greater risk of dying from heart disease than those who reported less than 11 hours. (healthline.com)
Working women involved in desk jobs also exhibit sedentary activity pattern. (diethealthclub.com)

development of new observational studies (cohort and case-control design) in high-, middle-, and low-income settings, considering the emerging lifestyle transitions, to elucidate causal relationships between lifestyle behaviours and cancer risk (e.g. (who.int)

While there's only so much you can do to limit exposure to air pollution and limit contact with smokers, following the right diet and making good lifestyle choices can go a long way to protect the lungs from oxidative stress and inflammation. (economictimes.com)
From a researcher perspective, it is important to identify and disseminate effective strategies for reducing exposure to sedentary work. (cdc.gov)

Deconditioning can happen after any injury or illness that results in a period of inactivity. (integrisok.com)

Weak muscles, inadequate joint support, and increased stress on the thumb joint can all be results of inactivity. (marketresearchfuture.com)

The market for thumb arthritis is significantly influenced by changes in lifestyle. (marketresearchfuture.com)

Decades worth of poor lifestyle choices wreak havoc on the lungs until at last, they begin to falter. (economictimes.com)

Worldwide, physical inactivity is estimated to be the fourth leading cause of death (Kohl et al. (cdc.gov)

Children watch what the older generation does, and when someone in the family adopts a healthier lifestyle, children will likely follow. (aapc.com)

Subgroup analysis stratified according to comorbidity, lifestyle, family structure, publication year, and region showed statistical differences between groups, and the consistency of the results revealed the sources of the heterogeneity. (frontiersin.org)

This team provides statistical support to research conducted within NME and oversees the management of epidemiological data, in particular molecular, lifestyle, cancer end-points, and vital status within the EPIC cohort and other NME studies. (who.int)

On the contrary, lack of physical inactivity is a major problem today as our joints need to move to stay healthy. (lu.se)

Anatomy1

Diseases12

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Psychiatry and Psychology10

Phenomena and Processes18

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena11

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

Health Care33

Geographicals6

Behavior17

Obesity12

Behaviour6

20231

Habits4

Physical activity16

Overweight1

Prevalence6

Cardiovascular4

Behaviors4

Contributes2

Diabetes10

Unhealthy2

Inactive3

Cardiorespiratory fitness1

Increasingly2

Evidence3

20201

Risk factors5

Incidence4

Diseases3

Cognitive function1

Abstract1

Affects2

Health14

Lead5

Alcohol1

Physiological1

Exercise3

Adopt1

Active7

Mortality1

Effects3

Time4

Workplace1

Healthy Lifestyle6

Factors1

Activity3

High1

Exposure2

Period1

Inadequate1

Significantly1

Poor1

Worldwide1

Healthier1

Differences1

Research1

Lack of physical1