- affecting the cardiovascular system
- However, it is not fully understood whether these effects are due to a global reaction of the autonomous nervous system (affecting the overall organ systems of the body) or a specific reaction (affecting the cardiovascular system only). (clinicaltrials.gov)
- nitric oxide
- Acetylcholine binds to muscarinic receptors on the endothelial cell surface, leading to an increase of intracellular calcium and increased nitric oxide (NO) production. (jove.com)
- cardiac
- The temporal fluctuations in heart rate exhibit a marked synchrony with respiration (increasing during inspiration and decreasing during expiration - the so called respiratory sinus arrhythmia, RSA) and are widely believed to reflect changes in cardiac autonomic regulation. (frontiersin.org)
- At fetal surgery, heart rate increased acutely, and combined cardiac output diminished at the time of fetal incision for all groups including those with MMC, which suggests diminished stroke volume. (ahajournals.org)
- Cardiomyocytes also undergo cell death under a variety of other physiological stimuli such as oxidative stress due to hypoxia induced during cardiac ischemia and glucose limitation amongst others [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
- However, patterns in the traditional frequency domain (measured in Hz, or cycles per second) may capture different cardiac phenomena at different heart rates. (harvard.edu)
- In patients with pulmonary hypertension, inhaled epoprostenol reduces pulmonary pressure, and improves right ventricular stroke work in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. (wikipedia.org)
- pulmonary arterial hyp
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly being used for fluid dynamics analyses of cardiovascular diseases, including pulmonary arterial hypertension, portal hypertension and congenital heart diseases. (wisc.edu)
- stimuli
- Stimuli were presented over a very short period of time such that subjects were not consciously aware of the stimuli but were still able to show physiological changes. (wikipedia.org)
- pathological
- However, the anatomical complexity and multidirectional nature of physiological and pathological hemodynamics makes non-invasive characterization and quantification of blood flow difficult and challenging. (wisc.edu)
- Apoptosis occurs in many physiological and pathological processes. (wikipedia.org)
- hypoxia
- It is important to differentiate between physiological adaptations to mild hypoxia and re-oxygenation episodes (i.e., the IHT protocol) and frequent nocturnal suffocation awakenings produced by sleep apnea, which might result in various pathologies. (wikipedia.org)
- inspiration and decreases
- A major portion of these temporal changes in heart rate occur synchronous with respiration [heart rate increases (R-R interval shortens) during inspiration and decreases (R-R interval prolongs) during expiration] and, therefore, are referred to as the respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). (frontiersin.org)
- Activity in this range is associated with the respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), a vagally mediated modulation of heart rate such that it increases during inspiration and decreases during expiration. (wikipedia.org)
- dysfunction
- Antioxidants such as vitamin C administered during pregnancy to rats have proven effective in preventing oxidative stress-mediated cardiovascular dysfunction in the offspring of this animal model [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
- No evidence of platelet dysfunction or an increase in surgical bleeding after administration of inhaled epoprostenol has been found. (wikipedia.org)
- fluctuations
- QT interval variability (QTV) refers to the physiological phenomenon of beat-to-beat fluctuations in QT interval of electrocardiograms. (wikipedia.org)
- Luscher noticed that color preferences shifted according to psychological and physiological fluctuations in his patients. (wikipedia.org)
- diseases
- This provides important information not only for the diagnosis and treatment planning of different cardiovascular diseases but also for the design of cardiovascular devices. (wisc.edu)
- To triangulate the evidence concerning dairy products, we examined the associations of whole cow's milk consumption with cardiovascular risk factors in a non-Western setting with a different pattern of milk consumption and cardiovascular diseases from Western populations. (jove.com)
- Reactive oxygen species trigger cardiomyocyte cell death via increased oxidative stress and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. (hindawi.com)
- variability
- Hypocapnia increased variability, decreased LLE and KSE, and reduced CD. (physiology.org)
- Heart rate variability (HRV) is the physiological phenomenon of variation in the time interval between heartbeats. (wikipedia.org)
- acute
- In order to study the mechanism of decreased blood pressure caused by an acute increase in biliary tract pressure, we observed house rabbit model of self-made caecus for changes in cardiovascular function when biliary tract pressure was increased. (semanticscholar.org)
- The indications for fetal surgery continue to expand, yet little is known about the acute sequelae of fetal surgery on the human cardiovascular system. (ahajournals.org)
- Conclusions- Acute cardiovascular changes take place during fetal surgery that are likely a consequence of the physiology of the anomaly and the general effects of surgical stress, tocolytic agents, and anesthesia. (ahajournals.org)
- Little is known about the acute consequences of these interventions on the fetal cardiovascular system. (ahajournals.org)
- fetal
- Fetuses with MMC all had normal cardiovascular systems entering into fetal surgery, whereas those with ITM, CDH, and SCT all exhibited secondary cardiovascular sequelae of the anomaly present. (ahajournals.org)
- 10,11 Although MMC is not a life-threatening anomaly, fetal MMC repair may reduce the need for ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement to treat hydrocephalus and potentially improve long-term neurological function. (ahajournals.org)
- Anomalies such as large CCAM 14 and SCT 5-7 exert primary deleterious effects on the fetal cardiovascular system, with anticipated improvement after fetal surgery. (ahajournals.org)
- In the present study, we report on the cardiovascular sequelae of fetal surgery and anesthesia for congenital anomalies in the human fetus. (ahajournals.org)
- In this scenario, fetal cardiomyocytes undergo hypertrophy, likely due to increased cardiomyocyte loss resulting from increased apoptosis [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
- vascular
- Prostacyclin's interactions in contrast to thromboxane (TXA2), another eicosanoid, strongly suggest a mechanism of cardiovascular homeostasis between the two hormones in relation to vascular damage. (wikipedia.org)
- adult
- In observational studies from western countries childhood emotional adversity is usually associated with adult cardiovascular disease. (jove.com)
- Pre-spawn mortality is a phenomenon where adult coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, die before spawning when returning to freshwater streams to spawn. (wikipedia.org)
- decreases
- During exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes, moving upward and decreases the size of the chest cavity, causing a subsequent increase in intra-thoracic pressure. (wikipedia.org)
- psychological
- The experiment yielded important data on the physiological, social and psychological effects of long-term close-quarters isolation. (wikipedia.org)
- Baker-Miller Pink (#FF91AF) #FF91AF In the late 1960s, Alexander Schauss, who now operates the American Institute for Biosocial Research in Tacoma, Washington, did studies on psychological and physiological responses to the color pink. (wikipedia.org)
- receptors
- Angiotensin (Ang) II exerts its important physiological functions through 2 distinct receptor subtypes, type 1 (AT 1 ) and type 2 (AT 2 ) receptors. (ahajournals.org)
- 2-9 Therefore, recent advances in studies of Ang II receptors could prove the existence of a variety of new players and targets in addition to the traditional "Ang II world" and provide a new insight into cardiovascular biology. (ahajournals.org)
- Deletion of the receptors abolished the size increase response to dietary fructose. (physiology.org)
- variation
- Variation in the beat-to-beat interval is a physiological phenomenon. (wikipedia.org)
- This variation reflects the surgical setting as well as the physiological state of the patient. (wikipedia.org)
- hypertension
- obesity, a major health care problem in the US, is associated with significant cardiovascular morbidity, including hypertension ( 28 ), atherosclerotic, and coronary artery disease ( 34 ), as well as the obesity hypoventilation syndrome and associated pulmonary hypertension ( 24 ). (physiology.org)
- A relevant reduction of blood pressure (BP) in placebo-treated control groups is a phenomenon often observed in pharmacological studies of hypertension. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- system
- Angiotensin II (Ang II) is the principal vasoactive substance of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), having a variety of physiological actions including vasoconstriction, aldosterone release, and cell growth. (ahajournals.org)
- Comprehensive characterization and quantification of blood flow is essential for understanding the function of the cardiovascular system under normal and diseased conditions. (wisc.edu)
- These are cell atrophy, impaired metabolism (increased catabolism), reduction of the defense capacity of the organism, reducing healing processes and regeneration, degeneration of the nervous system. (erank.tv)
- The picture is however blurred in the presence of anaesthesia where both the concentration and type of anaesthetics can result in different effects on the cardiovascular system. (hindawi.com)
- In addition to CNS effects GABAergic neurons also have a significant impact on the cardiovascular system. (hindawi.com)
- This fiber is converted into gel molecules that carry excess cholesterol present in the cardiovascular system. (rahana.org)
- It is essential for cardiovascular function, and development and function of skeletal muscle, the retina, and the central nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
- In early tests in 1978, Schauss observed that color, surprisingly, did affect muscle strength, either invigorating or enervating the subject, and even influenced the cardiovascular system. (wikipedia.org)
- mechanism
- In a recent article, Carter and Nguyen identify several genetic disorders, arguing that far from being a rare phenomenon, antagonistic pleiotropy might be a fundamental mechanism for the survival of these non-optimal alleles. (wikipedia.org)
- evidence suggests
- Exact reasons for this sex-related difference remain unclear although increasing evidence suggests that metabolites of 17β-estradiol (estrogen) may play a role. (ahajournals.org)
- Circulation
- cAMP goes on to inhibit any undue platelet activation (in order to promote circulation) and also counteracts any increase in cytosolic calcium levels that would result from thromboxane A2 (TXA2) binding (leading to platelet activation and subsequent coagulation). (wikipedia.org)
- adaptation
- Intermittent hypoxic training (IHT), also known as intermittent hypoxic therapy, is a non-invasive, drug-free technique aimed at improving human performance and well-being by way of adaptation to reduced oxygen. (wikipedia.org)
- and -λογία, -logia), environmental physiology or physiological ecology is a biological discipline that studies the adaptation of an organism's physiology to environmental conditions. (wikipedia.org)
- effects
- The ob/ob mouse may, therefore, be an excellent new model for the study of the cardiovascular effects of obesity. (physiology.org)
- The majority of well-known Ang II actions are mediated via AT 1 receptor stimulation, and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and AT 1 receptor blockers (ARBs) have been widely used as antihypertensive drugs, with the expectation of cardiovascular protective effects. (ahajournals.org)
- In conclusion, the impact of changes in GABAergic input is very difficult to predict in these settings, emphasizing the need for experiments performed in conscious animals when aiming at determining the cardiovascular effects of compounds acting on GABAergic neurons. (hindawi.com)
- Estrogen, through estrogen receptor-α, increased Nox-derived ROS and redox-sensitive growth in hPASMCs, with greater effects in PAH-hPASMCs versus control hPASMCs. (ahajournals.org)
- The phenomenon of IHT is that it delivers a non-damaging training stimulus that naturally triggers a cascade of beneficial adaptive responses without adverse effects. (wikipedia.org)
- These protect them from the damaging effects of ice formation and falling rates of enzyme catalysis at low temperatures, and from enzyme denaturation and increased photorespiration at high temperatures. (wikipedia.org)
- disease
- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is advising caution before prescribing the antibiotic clarithromycin (Biaxin) to patients with heart disease because of a potential increased risk of heart problems or death that can occur years later. (criticalcaremcqs.com)
- Here, we have summarized these emerging concepts concerning Ang II receptor interacting proteins and discuss new potent therapeutic targets in cardiovascular disease. (ahajournals.org)
- We examined the association of a potential marker of childhood emotional adversity with cardiovascular disease risk factors in a developing country. (jove.com)
- Polyphenol intake has been associated with reduced incidences of cardiovascular disease and better overall health. (hindawi.com)
- RSA also becomes less prominent in individuals with diabetes and cardiovascular disease. (wikipedia.org)
- mortality
- Although overall life expectancy has improved, people with Down syndrome have even greater mortality at any age, compared with age-matched sample from the general population or compared with individuals with intellectual disabilities due to causes other than Down syndrome. (erank.tv)
- thus
- Increased vagal tone (and thus vagal action) is associated with a diminished and more variable heart rate. (wikipedia.org)
- This increased pressure inhibits venous return to the heart and thus less atrial expansion and activation of baroreceptors occurs. (wikipedia.org)
- The low pKa of taurine's sulfonic acid group ensures this moiety is negatively charged in the pH ranges normally found in the intestinal tract, thus it improves the surfactant properties of the cholic acid conjugate. (wikipedia.org)
- membrane
- Taurine crosses the blood-brain barrier and has been implicated in a wide array of physiological phenomena including inhibitory neurotransmission, long-term potentiation in the striatum/hippocampus, membrane stabilization,[unreliable medical source? (wikipedia.org)
- Furthermore, PC made via PEMT plays a wide range of physiological roles, utilized in choline synthesis, hepatocyte membrane structure, bile secretion, and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion. (wikipedia.org)
- metabolic
- Dietary fructose is associated with metabolic syndrome and an increase in kidney weight. (physiology.org)
- metabolism
- Leptin, a neuroendocrine hormone released by adipose tissue, is important in modulating obesity by signaling satiety and increasing metabolism. (physiology.org)
- efficiency
- Studies have shown that the efficiency of pulmonary gas exchange is improved by RSA, suggesting that RSA may play an active physiological role. (wikipedia.org)
- changes
- The biological changes that occur with increasing age play a key role in the quality of physical - motor performance. (erank.tv)
- gradually
- RSA is pronounced in children, but without sufficient cardiovascular exercise it gradually disappears as a person approaches his/her teenage years. (wikipedia.org)
- frequency
- Less is known about the physiological inputs of the low frequency (LF) activity (0.04 to 0.15 Hz). (wikipedia.org)
- studies
- Our results suggest that beatquency and machine learning provide valuable tools in physiological studies of HRV. (harvard.edu)
- obesity
- Obesity is a major health care problem and is associated with significant cardiovascular morbidity. (physiology.org)
- inhalation
- It is characterized by an increased heart rate during inhalation and a diminished heart rate during exhalation. (wikipedia.org)
- However
- However, a number of physiological and technical issues can affect the accuracy of the results and appropriate guidelines for the technique have been published. (jove.com)
- severe
- It increases with age, and is so severe as to stop compliance with drug therapy. (wikipedia.org)
- health
- This work was primarily supported by a Marriott Foundation Cardiovascular Fellowship (CME), National Institutes of Health R01 DK082507 (CME), as well as Georgetown University Department of Medicine internal funding. (physiology.org)
- heart rate
- Subsequently, heart rate increases. (wikipedia.org)
- endothelial
- Since PGI2 is primarily produced in a nucleated endothelial cell, the COX inhibition by NSAID can be overcome with time by increased COX gene activation and subsequent production of more COX enzymes to catalyze the formation of PGI2. (wikipedia.org)
- pressure
- Placebo administration with a blood pressure increase suggestion. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- control
- There is anatomic and physiological evidence for a polyvagal control of the heart. (wikipedia.org)
- gene
- Pleiotropy is the phenomenon where one gene controls for more than one phenotypic trait in an organism. (wikipedia.org)
- The theme of G.C. William's idea about antagonistic pleiotropy was that if a gene caused both increased reproduction in early life and aging in later life, then senescence would be adaptive in evolution. (wikipedia.org)
- patients
- These patients also show a remarkable increase in lateralization towards the right hemisphere of both emotionally and non-emotional prosody rich speech. (wikipedia.org)
- Damage to the left hemisphere in patients results in a marked increase in depression. (wikipedia.org)
- reviews
- This paper reviews cardiovascular outcomes of GABA activation and includes own experiments on anaesthetized animals and isolated hearts. (hindawi.com)
- syndrome
- With age, the amount of people with Down syndrome is reduced, hypotonia is improving, muscular body mass is reduced and there is increased fat storage. (erank.tv)
- estrogen
- Ablation of the estrogen binding site in the PEMT promoter region may increase risk of hepatic steatosis from choline deficiency. (wikipedia.org)
- long-term
- This finding raises concerns about whether or not long‐term benefits of anti‐TGF β therapeutics improve the durability of medically reopened arteries. (physiology.org)
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